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- Abstract：The wheat cultivar Holdfast introduced form England,was reported to be durably resistant to stripe (yellow) rust (Puccinia striiformis).In this work,Holdfast was evaluated for seedlings in greenhouse and adult stage in field,and also tested temperature sensitive gene.The genetic analysis of the cross between Holdfast and the susceptible cultivar Ming Xian 169 was conducted to identify the resistance character. The results showed that Holdfast was susceptible to the Chinese popular race CYR29、CYR31、CYR32 and CYR33 of Puccinia striiformis in seedlings, and had sensitive resistance to the race CYR32 in high temperature. The genetic analysis showed that the resistance to the race CYR32 was controlled by one dominant gene and two recessive genes complementarily. Considering the previous studies, it was confirmed that Holdfast had two dominant major genes in all stages, one dominant gene in adult and two recessive temperature-sensitive genes at least. Our results showed that Holdfast could be utilized in wheat resistance breeding.Keywords：wheat;stripe (yellow) rust;adult resistance gene;genetic analysis4|6|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：The heterosis of salt tolerance for kenaf hybrid was studied through hydroponic methods,with cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) kenaf P3A,restorer line 992 and hybrid as experimental materials.The objective of this study was to investigate the heterosis of kenaf root growth at seedling stage under salt stress,thus provide a scientific basis for kenaf heterosis utilization and kenaf hybrid breeding for salt-tolerance.The results showed that salt stress significantly inhibited the root growth of kenaf.They were different among different genotypes.The heterosis existed in the root length,root surface area,root volume and root tips under salt stress,and the hybrid with advantages over the parents.The F1 hybrid of kenaf showed both strong midparent and overparent heterosis.The finding suggested that the F1 hybrid possessed higher salt tolerance than that of the parents within certain range.The root architecture of kenaf were altered under salt stress,and more coarse root (root diameter>2.25 mm were formed.This suggested that salt stress promoted the superiority of resistance.Under salt stress condition,kenaf hybrid develop more coarse root (root diameter>2.25 mm) than that of its parents,which enable them to resist moderate salt better.Keywords：kenaf;salt stress;hybrid;root9|6|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：As an important river system of Haihe river plain,Zhangwei river plain is among those typical regions with severely water shortage in Northern China.In this paper,in order to optimize irrigation schedule,Shuffled Complex Evolution (SCE-UA) was used to calibrate the crop parameter of Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) in two stations which are to be or near the plain.The sensitivity of parameters was analyzed based on actual evapotranspiration by remote sensing (RS),and the most sensitive parameters were chose.The next step was to optimize the parameters and give its uncertainty analysis by using "Sequential Uncertainty Fitting Algorithm" (SUFI-2).Based on the calibrated parameters,under the consideration of uncertainty of the model,the yield of long term simulation of winter wheat and summer maize rotation system were validated.The results of calibration and validation laid a firm foundation for the further research on optimization of water product function and irrigation regime.Keywords：water resources;ET;irrigation schedule;production function;Zhangwei river plain2|6|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Optimizing the irrigation schedule of winter wheat-summer maize rotation system in Zhangwei river plain has a great significant implication in studying agricultural sustainable development of Henan province which suffered serious shortage of water resources.Based on a calibrated model-SWAT,we set up one full irrigation and nine deficit irrigations to simulate sensitivity index of Jensen model of winter wheat and summer maize.We assumed the historical scenario which under non-stress of N and P as the basic scenario,then three irrigation scenarios were set to optimize it.The results showed in comparison with the base scenario,the yield of rotation system can keep stable,16.13% of the mean irrigation water can be saved and the mean WUE increased by 3.05% under the optimum irrigation regime.Compared with yearbook and historical scenario,the mean yield of rotation system increased by 30.76% and 6.47%,and the mean WUE of rotation system increased by 23.94%.Keywords：Zhangwei river plain;ET;water saving irrigation;production function;water use efficiency2|6|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Information of crop water requirement and its temporal and spatial change are important for irrigation scheduling,water resources planning and future decision-making.Based on the observed daily meteorological data in 1960－2009 of 50 normal meteorological codes in Huang-huai-hai farming region,the water requirements and irrigations of summer corn and spring corn were calculated by SIMETAW model.The results showed that water requirements of summer corn and spring corn are 321.70 and 456.70 mm respectively,which showed a significant downtrend in the past 50 years and the rainfall coupling degrees of summer corn and spring corn were 0.78 and 0.72 respectively.Compared with irrigations of summer corn,irrigations of spring corn had a significant downtrend and had significant differences in different regions,which showed a significant uptrend in the south of Shaanxi and Shanxi provinces;The downtrend of corn water requirement in Huang-huai-hai farming region mainly attributed to the reduction of solar radiation,which was also affected by other climatic factors.Wind speed,precipitation had negative correlations with the water requirements of summer corn and spring corn,while other climatic factors had positive effects.Keywords：corn;water requirement;climate change;Huang-huai-hai farming system4|8|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Crop yields are closely related to dry matter accumulation process,which can be affected by different culture measures and environment remarkably,consequently the yields.To analysis the effect of dry matter accumulation process on maize yield,field experiments with four treatments,namely,areas,years,culture measures were performed from 2007 to 2009.Regression equation between yield per plant and it’s parameter for Logistic model of Zhengdan958 and Zhongnongda 4 was established.Correlation coefficient for Zhengdan958 and Zhongnongda4 were 0.863 and 0.993 respectively,and standard errors were 0.018 and 0.004 respectively.To validate the above model,t-test distinguish level of Zhengdan958 and Zhongnognda 4 from independent experiment were 0.900 and 0.379 respectively.No obvious difference was observed between model’s simulated and observed values.RESM values for Zhengdan985 and Zhongnongda4 were 0.014 and 0.020 respectively.The results showed that maize yield correlated with dry matter accumulation process for certain degree;different growing process resulted in different parameter of Logistic model.Furthermore,the crop yield also correlated with parameter of Logistic model;different varieties possessed their own model.Information obtained from the current study can provide some theory basis for maize industry.Keywords：maize;dry matter;Logistic function;model parameter3|7|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Based on the data of planting structure of main crops in 2007,the scheme of agricultural planting structure in Beijing City was optimized and analyzed under the constraints of the application amount of chemical fertilizer,irrigation water requirement,and agricultural land resources and so on.The results indicate that the existing planting structure mode has a great adjustable space.When the application amount of chemical fertilizer was decreased by 3%-9% based on that in 2007,annual net benefit from agricultural planting got its maximum of 37.27×108 Yuan.With the further reduction of fertilizer application amount,the annual net benefit gradually decreased.However,the annual net benefit still was greater than that in 2007 if the reduction proportion of fertilizer application amount was smaller than 15%.Within the tested range of the reduction proportion of fertilizer application amount,irrigation water requirement firstly decreased and then increased with the decrease of fertilizer application amount.When the fertilizer application amount was cut down by 11% from that in 2007,irrigation water requirement got to the minimum of 8.43×108 m3 and annual net benefit also got to 99.5% of its maximum value.The schemes of 9% and 11% reductions of fertilizer application amount lower than that in 2007 are recommended respectively for maximum economic benefit and minimum irrigation water requirement from crop planting.Keywords：irrigation water requirement;application amount of chemical fertilizer;non-point pollution;annual net benefit;linear programming8|8|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：The functional stability of a microbial composite community ADS-3 and its effect on straw degrading enhancement after straw returning to field were investigated.The results indicated that ADS-3 had high degrading capacity for three privileged crop straws in flask,with 51.6% for rice straw,44.7% for wheat straw and 40.8% for corn straw 11 days after incubation.Although ADS-3 could degrade 6.8%,21.6% and 44.7% of wheat straw under temperatures of 4,15 and 35 ℃ respectively,polymerase chain reaction (PCR) denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) revealed its microbial component was rather stable.Wheat straw degrading enhancement was significantly improved by inoculating straw-amended soil with ADS-3 (P<0.05).This study provided test parameters for further field experiment and agent preparation.Keywords：straw;microbial community;inoculated7|8|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：To explore the relationships among Syring vulgaris,species of Syringa,Syringa and Ligustrum,eight EcoRⅠ/MseⅠ primer combinations were used for AFLP molecular marker technique.The genetic diversity of 14 Syringa species,37 cultivars of S.vulgaris and 3 Ligustrum species were evaluated.NTSYS was used to compute the genetic distance and UPGMA for clustering analysis.The results showed that about 447 discernable bands were obtained,395 being polymorphic with the percentage of 88.4%.The genetic distance computed by NTSYS was from 0.01 to 1.44.There were some differences between the clustering analysis and traditional taxonomic method,in which some Syring vulgaris were clusted with Ser.villosae,sect Ligustrina with Ser.syringa,species in Ser.villosae and Ser.pubescente,the Ligustrum species of S.pinnatifolia and S.microphylla.It implied that Ser.villosae participated the breeding process of some Syringa vulgaris.The classification of Syringa should break into two sects divide.Ser.villosae had a close relationship with Ser.pubescente.Syringa had a complex phylogenetic relationship.The further study is required for the origin and classification relationship of Syringa and Ligustrum.4|8|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：The objective of this study was to understand the natures of aromatic components of Jingbai pear,which may be benefit for improving the quality of fruits and opening the secondary metabolites.The volatile components of Jingbai pear from Fangshan,Daxing and Changping production areas were analyzed with the method of head space-solid phase microextraction and Gas Chormatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS).Fifty four compounds were identified,31 in Jingbai pears from Fangshan,32 from Daxing,36 from Changping.All the pears contain 10 main components such as acetic acid,hexyl ester,alpha-Farnesene,Butanoic acid,hexyl ester,Butanoic acid,methyl ester,Acetic acid, butyl ester,1-Hexanol,Ethanol,Butanoic acid,ethyl ester,Hexanoic acid,ethyl ester,Butanoic acid,2-hexenyl ester(E).Both the type and relative amount of aroma components were dependent on the gene and the growing condition.Keywords：pear;volatile components;GC-MS;fragrance7|7|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：This paper is concerned on the changes in nutrients and antioxidant activities of Mopanshi persimmon and Jiro persimmon fruits during astringency removal in warm water.The measured parameters included fruit tannin content,flavonoids,Vitamin C,total polyphenols and ABTS radical scavenging activities of the persimmon fruits.During astringency removal in warm water with 35,45 and 55 ℃,total tannin content of Mopanshi persimmon varied between 20.11 and 25.36 mg/g.Soluble tannin,flavonoids,Vitamin C,total polyphenols and ABTS radical scavenging activities decreased gradually.The contents of soluble tannin,condensed tannin,flavonoids,ABTS radical scavenging activities of Mopanshi fruits reduced quickly at 16 h when treated at 35 ℃,8 h later than that at 45 ℃ and 55 ℃.But the tannin content,flavonoids,Vitamin C,total polyphenols and ABTS radical scavenging activities of the Jiro persimmon fruit remained lower levels.It is evident that persimmon has strong antioxidant activity.However,the nutritional composition and antioxidant activity may greatly decrease following treatment under different temperatures.Further work is required to look for suitable method and conditions to remove astringency.Keywords：persimmon;tannin;flavonoids;Vitamin C;total polyphenols;ABTS7|8|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Alcohol dehydrogenase(ADH, EC.1.1.1.1) was extracted from the pericarp tissues of 'Mopanshi’ persimmon (Diospyros kaki Thunb.). The ADH crude extracts was precipitated and isolated with 30%-70% (NH4)2SO4 solition,then desalted by Sephadex G-25 Desalting columns, and finally purified by DEAE Sepharose Fast flow ion-exchange columns. The enzyme was subjected to different temperatures (20, 30, 40, 45, 50, 55 and 60 ℃), different pHs (pH 5.0、7.0、8.0、9.0、10.0 and 11.0),metals (K+,Na+,Zn2+,Mg2+,Mn2+,Ca2+,Cu2+ and Fe3+) and substrates (methanol, ethanol,propyl alcohol, butyl alcohol and amyl alcohol).The results showed that the purification rate was up to 41.80 times.The active recovery rate was about 44.73%.The enzyme had highest activity for butyl alcohol oxidation at 45 ℃ and pH10.0,Km 8.33 mmol/L and Vmax 0.021 μmol/min. The enzyme activity was increased at the presence of K+ and Na+,but partially inhibited by Zn2+,Mn2+ and Ca2+,fully inhibited by Cu2+ and Fe3+.Mg2+ has no effect on the enzyme.It is evedent that ADH is largely influenced by temperature,acidity,metals and substrates.And high activity can only be obtained under proper conditions.4|6|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：In order to elucidate the regulation effects of DA-6 on the photosynthesis of strawberry under different light intensities,DA-6 of 20 mg/L,was sprayed on the leaves of the seedlings of 'Sweet Charlie’ strawberry under 100%,70% and 50% sunlight.The leaf gas exchange parameters,activities of Rubisco and FDPase,antioxidant enzyme activities were measured.The results showed that under shade condition,the leaf photosynthetic rate (Pn),stomatal conductance (Gs),transpiration rate(Tr),Rubisco and FDPase activities decreased,but the intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) increased.It is thus clear that the decrease of Pn under low light intensity is mainly due to the non stomatal limitation and closely related to the decrease of Rubisco and FDPase.However,foliar spraying of DA-6 increased the leaf Pn,Gs,Tr and activities of Rubisco,FDPase,SOD,CAT and APX,but reduced the O2-production rate. The improvement of photosynthesis was much more significant under 50% sunlight.Keywords：strawberry;light intensities;DA-6;photosynthesis;antioxidant enzyme activities4|7|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：The effect of ABA application on papaya fruit ripening and its relation to ethylene were investigated.The results showed that ethylene production increased with the fruit ripening and was the highest at 8 days after harvest.Fruit firmness declined sharply during ripening process.Exogenous ABA and ethephon application promoted the level of ethylene production,fruit firmness reduction,soluble solids accumulation and fruit color formation,accelerating fruit softening process.The NDGA as an ABA biosynthesis inhibitor reduced the level of ethylene production, soluble solids content and fruit color formation.Furthermore,adding either Co2+ or 1-MCP reduced fruit firmness, increased soluble solids accumulation and fruit color formation through inhibiting ABA but stimulating ethylene production. It can be concluded that the role of ABA on fruit ripening was mainly due to the ethylene evolution.Keywords：papaya;fruit ripening;ABA;ethylene6|9|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Targeting vector for the human IL-2 gene knocking-in the goat β-casein locus was constructed to study the expression of the human IL-2 gene in fibroblasts of the fetal dairy goat.Goat β-casein gene targeting vector pBNI53 was obtain by cloned goat β-casein upstream 2.5 kb and downstream 3.5 kb sequence as the 5' and 3' homologous arm using pBC1 as a template,with inserted human IL-2 gene and neo gene.The plasmid was transient transfected into goat fetal fibroblasts by liposome,and then the transfected cells were sieved by G418,then in the stable lines the gene expression was detected by PCR and RT-PCR.After the detection by PCR and RT-PCR,the results suggested the target vector was constructed successfully,and the human IL-2 gene successfully integrated into the dairy goat fibroblasts,which lay a good foundation for the researching of producing human interleukin-2 gene in mammary gland bioreactor by somatic cell nuclear transfer.Keywords：human interleukin-2;β-casein;gene targeting;mammary gland bioreactor4|7|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：The objective of this study was to observe effects of a natural plant extract rutin in mammary gland development,endocrine hormone levels and receptor expression were measured for lactation rats.Eighteen Wistar rats were randomly assigned to three treatments:control (Lac-Con) group was treated with gastric infusion of 2 mL normal saline per mouse per day;Rutin (Lac-Rut) treatment group was treated with gastric infusion of rutin 60 mg/kg BW per day;and Estradiol (Lac-Est) group was treated with intramuscular injection of estradiol 60 μg/kg BW weekly started from the fourth lactation day and continue for two weeks with the same basal diet as control group.The level of estrogen (E2),progesterone (P),prolactin (PRL) and growth hormone (GH) in plasma and gland tissues were detected;and the expression of estrogen receptor (ER),progesterone receptor (PR),prolactin receptor (PRLR) and growth hormone receptor (GHR) in gland tissues were measured.Histomorphology of development about mammary gland were observed.(Results)The results showed that,the relationship among the level of E2,PRL and GH in plasma and gland tissues was Lac-Est>Lac-Rut>Lac-Con (P<0.05),the level of P in plasma and gland tissues was not significant among groups (P>0.05).The expression of ER,PR,PRLR and GHR in gland tissues was Lac-Est>Lac-Rut>Lac-Con (P<0.05).The diameter of mammary gland alveolus showed that Lac-Est and Lac-Rut were higher than Lac-Con (P<0.05),there was not significant between Lac-Est and Lac-Rut (P>0.05).The test indicated that rutin could improve the level of E2 in lactation rats,increase PRL and GH release,up-regulated the expression level of ER,PR,PRLE and GHR.And finally rutin had weakly estrogen-like effect.Keywords：rutin;rat;hormone;receptor2|6|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：This experiment was conducted to study the effects of dietary metabolized energy (ME) and crude protein (CP) levels on reproduction performance of Beijing-You chickens during the late reproductive period.Ninety-nine 50-week-old Beijing-You breeder cocks were randomly assigned to 9 treatments with11 cocks in each treatment .Three levels of dietary ME (11.30,11.72,12.14 MJ/kg ) and CP (12%,14%,16%) were assigned to the 9 treatments by 3×3 factorial experimental design.The results showed that the growth and reproductive performance were not significantly affected by CP level (P<0.05),but sperm motility tended to be improved with lower dietary CP level.The feed intake and sperm motility rate in 12.14 MJ/kg ME level were significantly higher than that of the other groups (P<0.05).The deformity rate of treatment 9 was significantly higher than the others.This result was verified by the incubation tests.Fertilization rate,hatching rate and healthy chick rate of the treatment 8 with 12.14 MJ/kg ME and 14% CP was the most optimized.12% CP and 11.72 MJ/kg ME level were suggested for the diet of late reproductive period of Beijing-You chicken.Other local varieties which have similar characteristics can refer to.Keywords：male breeders;metabolized energy;crude protein;reproductive performance5|6|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Experiments in vitro and in vivo were conducted to evaluate the survival of B.subtilis natto (BSN) in the gastrointestinal tract of Holstein dairy cows.In experiment 1:the two treatment groups were strained rumen fluid and duodenum fluid inoculated with BSN at 105 cfu/mL level,and control group was strained rumen fluid or duodenum fluid without BSN inoculantions,all three groups were incubated in vitro at 39 ℃.Changes of BSN spore counts and volatile fatty acid in rumen fluid were monitored at 0,6,12,24,48 and 72 h.Changes of BSN spore counts in duodenum fluid were monitored at 0,1,2,3,4,5 and 6 h.In experiment 2∶7 cows were randomly assigned to two groups.Four cows were infused with 100 mL BSN culture (108 spores/mL) into rumen through rumen cannula,and the other three cows did not receive infusion.Rumen fluid,duodenum fluid and feces were collected at 6,12,24,48,72 h after the infusion.The results of rumen fermentation showed that spores increased in the first 24 h,and then decreased.The survival rate of BSN was 191.3% and 175.9% at 24 h and 72 h,respectively.In addition,BSN increased the concentration of propionate and butyrate in rumen fluid (P<0.05),but reduced the concentration of acetic acid,isobutyric acid and isovaleric acid(P<0.01).The results of duodenum fermentation showed that spore counts tended to increase in the first 1 h (P>0.05),and then decreased gradually,decreased sharply after 3 h.The survival rate of BSN was 159.2%,121.4% and 35.7% at 1,3 and 6 h,respectively.The results of in vivo experiments indicated that spore counts continued to decrease in rumen,duodenum as well as feces and almost cannot be detected at 48 h after infusion in all of the location.In conclusion,BSN spores have the ability to survive in rumen and alter rumen fermentation.BSN spores are able to survive in duodenum fluid up to 3 h.However,the spores cannot permanently colonize in the gastrointestinal tract of Holstein dairy cows.0|9|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Thirty-six two-year-old Liaoning cashmere goats (body weight=(38.0(2.94)kg) were used to investigate the effects of dietary iodine (I) and selenium (Se) supplementation on the concentration of Melatonin (MT),Prolactin (PRL),Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I),Growth hormone (GH),Thyroid peroxidase (TPO) and Deiodinase(DIO).The goats were evenly divided into six groups,and 2×3 factorial experimental design was applied with supplemental I/kg dry matter (DM) at 0,2 and 4 mg level and supplemental Se/kg DM at 0 and 1 mg level.Results showed that:1) In cashmere non-growth period,iodine supplementation significantly increased the concentrations of GH and IGF-1,decreased the concentration of MT (P<0.05),but there was no effect on the concentrations of PRL,TPO,DIO (P>0.05).Selenium supplementation did not affect serum MT,PRL,GH,IGF-I,TPO concentrations,but the concentration of DIO was significantly increased (P<0.05) with Selenium supplementation.2) In cashmere growth period,iodine supplementation highly increased the concentration of IGF-1 (P<0.01),but no effect was found on the concentrations of MT,PRL,GH,TPO,DIO (P>0.05).Selenium supplementation did not affect serum MT,PRL,GH,IGF-1,TPO concentrations,but the concentration of DIO was significantly increased after supplemental 1 mg Se/kg DM (P<0.05).Comparing the above two periods,we may conclude that the mechanism of iodine or thyroid hormones stimulating the cashmere fiber growth may be through the regulating the IGF-1 secretion,while Selenium supplementation can improve the concentration of serum DIO only.Keywords：cashmere goats;iodine;selenium;hormones;enzymes;cashmere growth1|8|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：A high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was developed for determination of isometamidium residue in beef and milk.Isometamidium was extracted with acetonitrile-methanol (containing 0.125 mol/L ammonium formate) (50∶50) from sample.The extracts were evaporated to dryness at 40 ℃,dissolved in methanol and then rinsed with N-hexane.Separation was performed on an ODS-3 C18 column with a gradient mobile phase of methanol and 0.1% formic acid-water,and the determination was performed with UV detection at 380 nm.The calibration curve was linearity at a range of 0.005~1.000 μg/mL for the isometamidium (r>0.99).The recoveries ranged from 80.3% to 93.0% in beef and milk at a fortified concentration of 20-500 μg/kg.The inter-day and intra-day coefficients of variation were ranged from 2.8% to 5.3％ and 4.0% to 8.1％,respectively.The limit of detections (LOD) of isometamidium in beef and milk were 8 and 6 μg/kg,respectively,while the limit of quantitations (LOQ) of isometamidium in beef and milk were 25 and 20 μg/kg,respectively.It was a rapid,specific,and sensitive method for determinating isometamidium residue in beef and milk.Keywords：beef;milk;HPLC;isometamidium;residue1|6|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Purification and characterization of an anti-streptococcus suis bacteriocin produced by Lactobacillus pentosus LPL1-5,isolated from faeces of healthy piglets,were studied.The bacteriocin was purified by 80% ammonium sulphate precipitation,Sephadex G-10 gel filtration chromatography and SP Sepharose Fast Flow cation exchange chromatography.And the specific activity of purified bacteriocin reached 1 732.16 AU/mg and the purity was increased by 26.37 fold.Tricine- SDS-PAGE of the purified bacteriocin contained only one active protein band between 3.3 and 5.8 ku.Purified bacteriocin was heat resistant,active at pH values between 2.0-8.0 and inactivated by pepsin、trypsin、neutro-proteinase and proteinase K.It also could easily be dissolved in different media and its isoelectric point was 8.7.In addition,the bacteriocin had a broad inhibitory spectrum.It not only had a strong antimicrobial effect on gram-positive,such as streptococcus suis,Listeria monocytogenes,Staphylococcus aereu and etc,but also could inhibited several gram-negative bacteria,such as Escherichia coli,Pseudomonas spp and etc.These results indicated that the bacteriocin has a potential application as food additives and bio-preservatives in food industry.Keywords：bacteriocin;Lactobacillus pentosus;purification;characterization6|6|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Based on the quadratic regression orthogonal rotation tests on four factors and response surface methodology,a study on the influence of briquetting pressure,heating temperature,moisture and the ratio of peanut hull to binder on briquetting relaxation density was performed.Mathematical models of briquetting laxation density were established and analyzed by using SPSS11.5 and Matlab7.1.The results show that the sequence of four factors influencing on relaxation density is as follow briquetting pressure,heating temperature,ratio of peanut hull to binder and moisture.When the briquetting pressure is 10 MPa,the ratio of peanut hull to binder is 3∶1,the moisture is 15%,and the heating temperature is 100 ℃,the optimum conditions appears.Under this conditions,the briquetting relaxation density is 1.100 8 g/cm3,which meets the requirement of briquetting.Keywords：peanut hull;hot briquetting;technological parameters;laxation density5|7|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：At present,transplantation of onion is done artificially in china,which causes labor-intensive,low productivity,poor quality planting and high production cost.In order to improve the efficiency of onion transplantation,a clip seedling mechanism was designed for transplanter of onion seedling.First,design calculations and theoretical analysis of clip seedling mechanism were carried on.And a 3-D parametric model and kinematic simulation of clip seedling mechanism were built up with Pro/E.Curve fitting and data analysis were built up with MATLAB.Then structure and motion parameters of the mechanism were optimized.The results show that the three main factors,influencing the effect of transplantation,are the range of motion of clip seedling mechanism,the opening-closing scope of opening-closing fixture and speed ratio of the lifting cylinder to telescopic cylinder.The corresponding parameters got by optimization are 0-53.3 mm,0-27.8 mm and 1.0,respectively.Feasibility of program for the clip seedling mechanism is verified.This article provides a theoretical support for the design and testing of transplanter of onion seedling.Keywords：transplanter;onion;clip seedlings mechanism;virtual design;kinematic simulation3|9|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：To study the effects of pasting condition on roasted and powdered starchy materials with respect of carbohydrate digestion characteristics.The contents of various starche fractions such as rapid digestion starch,slow digestion starch,resistant starch and hydrolysis rate were measured by in vitro pancreatic digestion enzyme hydrolysis procedure.The pasting temperatures were determined by rapid viscosity analyzer.The degree of gelatinization also was measured.The results indicated that the temperature and volume of boiling water added significantly affected the hydrolysis rate and the ratio of starch types of the starchy paste samples.Increasing the volumes of boiling water may render remarkably higher hydrolysis index comparing to that of the normal cooking treatments in all samples.The expected glucose loads of dry yams,gordon euryales,lotus seeds,coix seeds and adzuki beans were 47.38,42.28,29.05,42.79 and 28.96,respectively,in normal cooking treatments,while the expected glucose loads were 51.80,55.49,50.19,50.93 and 40.26,respectively,in more boiling water pasting procedures.There is the possibility that carbohydrates digestion rate and the starch type profile be effectively modified by adjusting the pasting procedures so as to accommodate the needs of the people of different physiological conditions in terms of blood glucose response.4|7|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：In order to improve water and oil exuding,texture and edible quality of low temperature emulsified sausage,the effects of four chopping methods for fat and muscle meat,including an one-step chopping method,two three-step chopping methods and a fat-muscle meat separate chopping method,on low temperature emulsified sausage quality characteristics were investigated to optimize the chopping method.Sausage was made of chicken and pork and its quality was determined by measuring water and oil-binding capacity,textural properties,sensory quality and microstructure.The results showed that among the four chopping methods,the sausage which was made by the fat-muscle meat separate chopping method had the lowest cooking loss and lowest total expressible fluid,the water and oil-binding capacity was the best.The chopping methods had little influence on springiness and cohesiveness of the sausage,but had a remarkable influence on hardness,chewiness,shearing force and shearing work of the sausage,and the sausage made by the fat-muscle meat separate chopping method had maximal above mentioned parameters,also had the largest index L-value,a-value and sensory qualities.The scanning electron microscopy indicated that the protein matrix of the sausage made by the separate chopping method was more compacted than that of the sausages by the other methods.The sausage made by the separate chopping about fat and muscle had the best qualities.Keywords：low temperature emulsified sausage;chopping;texture;sensory evaluation;microstructure4|15|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：To get real-time environmental information of remote crops,and come to further scientific decision-making and management,an agricultural information collection and analysis platform was designed and developed.This platform,which is composed by the infrastructure layer,data service layer,infrastructure-application service layer,service bus layer,business process layer and user access layer,is based on B/S mode.It has achieved such functions as follows:collection and storage of temperature,humidity,light,CO2 and video information of the greenhouse,maintenance of basic information,analysis of the data,and output of the report forms.It has been tested by pilot applications in Nei Monggol Zhungeer.The result shows that this platform has good stability and friendly and convenient human-machine interface.It can get real-time environmental information,provide necessary alarm information and reduce the blindness of artificial operation.Keywords：green house;wireless sensor networks;monitoring;B/S;platform for analysis9|8|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Based on Support Vector Machine (SVM),four short-range summer precipitation prediction models were established for four areas in the Huaihe River basin,respectively.Using the monthly data of 74 circumfluent eigen values,the monthly data of sea surface temperature,the monthly data of 500 hPa height from 1959 to 2009,forecast factors were chosen.Combination of the forcast factors was done by using Principal component analysis.A categorical prediction was performed on summer precipitation data from 2007 to 2009.The results show that the accuracy of four regional training set to predict is 85%-99% and the mean accuracy is 91%,and the lagest grade of error of summer precipitation prediction is no more than 1,and the mean absolute grade is 0.4.These results indicate that the short-range climatic prediction model based on Support Vector machine has a good performance on predictions of summer precipitation.Keywords：support vector machine (SVM);Huaihe river basin;summer precipitation;short-range climatic prediction7|8|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：The study focuses on quantitative measurement of the sample rice farmers’ health cost of the pesticide application and an empirical analysis of its influencing factors by using the method of COI and econometrics model for data analysis.It is shown that the health cost of pesticide application is as high as RMB 74.46 per year per farmer which takes up 9.85%,9.40% and 1.57% of the total cultivating costs for late rice,middle-season rice and early rice respectively.The study of a double logarithmic model found that the age of sprayer,protective facilities,number of pesticides application and times,IPM,spraying tools,distance to clinic (hospital) and pesticide label illiteracy are the main factors affecting farmers’ health cost.It is concluded that in order to effectively reduce farmers’ health cost of pesticide use,from the knowledge point of view,more training programs should be designed for farmers to increase their awareness of pesticide risks;from the information point of view,the standardized management of pesticide label directions should be improved;from a technological point of view,the development of high efficiency of spraying tools and the intensity of subsidies should be enhanced;from the service point of view,pest and disease information services should be strengthened,meanwhile,the spread of IPM knowledge should be promoted;from the financial support point of view,the intensity of subsidies for related project services should be strengthened.Keywords：pesticide;rice production;health cost;exposure of pesticides;method of illness cost11|7|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Based on household survey data from Tangxi Village in Anhui Province,a household model was constructed in this paper,using mathematical programming method and different policy scenarios were designed including intensity of grain subsidies,prices of agricultural input factors,prices of agricultural produce and the scale of land management to simulate the effect of grain subsidy policies on farmers’ grain production and family income under different scenarios.The results show that the performance of grain subsidy policies has a positive relationship with the change of agricultural produce prices,but has an inverse relationship with the change of agricultural input prices,and the negative effect of increasing grain production costs significantly exceeds the incentive effect of grain subsidy policies.Expanding the scale of land management helps enhance the multiplier effects of grain subsidy policies on increasing farmers’ grain production and family income.Suggestions are proposed including improving the standard of grain subsidies,speeding up rural land tranfer to promote grain large-scale producing,and regulating the market of means of agricultural production to gradually establish the linkage mechanism of grain subsidies and agricultural produce prices,especially prices of agricultural input factors.Keywords：grain;subsidy policies;performance;a household model;linkage mechanism6|7|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
