Errata (correction)、Expression of Concern、Retraction
After a journal article is published, various errors may be discovered. For typesetting errors or other small issues that will not have a substantial impact on the correctness or retrieval function of the paper, Journals usually do not publish errata. Some errors discovered after publication need to be addressed by the journal, including Errata (also known as correction), Expression of concern, and Retraction.
Errata (correction)
Errata (correction) applies to the following situations:
The author, reader, or journal discovers errors that affect the main content of the paper (For example, logic, methods, and results), But it's not serious enough to require retraction. Author, reader, or journal discovers errors affecting the metadata (Author Name, Mailing Address, Conflict of Interest, Fund) of the paper.
The corrected PDF of the paper will be updated online the journal website and China National Knowledge Infrastructure) and a statement of correction will be sent to CNKI.
Expression of Concern
A warning is a notification posted on the paper webpage by journal editors after discovering issues with the paper. Reminding readers to pay serious attention to and use published papers with caution. After issuing a warning, the journal will conduct a thorough investigation into the suspected issues in the paper and then decide whether to maintain the warning or withdraw the manuscript. Warning notifications, as citations, will be linked to the list of references including the word 'warning' and paper title. Journal publication warning does not require author consent, but it may notify affected third parties including the author's institution, affected databases, or other journals or publishers.
Retractio
Retraction occurs when the author, reader, or journal discovers serious issues after the publication of the paper whether it's honest mistakes or academic misconduct (For example, data fraud or plagiarism). The specific criteria for retraction are based on the Guidelines or editorial policies formulated for journals by the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE).
Withdrawal is usually due to serious errors or academic misconduct in the paper. There are two main types of retraction: Manuscript withdrawal and Article retraction.
Manuscript withdrawal occurs before the paper is officially published Usually initiated by the author. This type of retraction will not be publicly recorded, but the paper will be deleted from academic databases.
Article retraction occurs after the paper is officially published. It is usually initiated by journal editors When obvious errors or academic misconduct are discovered. The withdrawal notice and the withdrawn paper will be kept as academic records and the retracted paper cannot be cited.
The retraction statement will be published in the next issue of the journal, and the link to the original article will be added to the electronic version of the journal. A 'Withdrawal' watermark will be added to the PDF version of this paper.
