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- Abstract：This study aimed to explore the spatio-temporal characteristics of main disasters during the critical fertility stages of single-season rice in the Yangtze River Basin. Based on the day-by-day meteorological data of 139 meteorological stations in the Yangtze River Basin from 1981 to 2020， the accumulated hot damage temperature （Ha） and the crop water deficit abnormal index （CWDIa） during the critical fertility stages of single-season rice were determined. The station ratio， intensity， and frequency of high-temperature， drought， and their compound events were analyzed to reveal the spatio-temporal characteristics of these events. The results showed that： 1） Fro1981 to 2020， the station ratio and the intensity of high-temperature events increased significantly （P<0.05） during the critical fertility stages of single-season rice. Spatially， high-value areas of high-temperature frequency during the heading to flowering stage （HF） were in the northeastern of Sichuan， Chongqing， Hubei， Hunan， and Jiangxi， with the range from 50% to 97%. During the grain to filling stage （GF）， high-value areas of high-temperature frequency were in Hunan and Jiangxi， within the range from 58% to 95%. 2） The station ratio and intensity of drought events showed a decreasing trend during HF but an increasing trend during GF. Spatially， high-frequency areas of drought during HF are concentrated in northern Guizhou， Chongqing， Hubei， Anhui， and the Jiangsu-Zhejiang-Shanghai region， with frequencies ranging from 26% to 50%. During GF， high-frequency areas of drought are concentrated in Hubei and Jiangxi， with frequency ranging from 19% to 50%. 3） Compared to the baseline period （1981 to 2000）， the station ratio of compound high-temperature and drought events during the critical fertility stages increased from 2001 to 2020， especially the incidence of concurrent high temperatures and severe droughts. From 1981 to 2020， high-frequency areas of compound events during the HF were in Hunan， within the range from 9% to 20%. The areas with high-frequency occurrences of GF are concentrated in Sichuan and Jiangxi， within the range from 9% to 15%. In conclusion， the results clarify the characteristics of the main meteorological disasters during the critical fertility stages of single-season rice in the Yangtze River Basin and provide a scientific basis for formulating disaster prevention and mitigation policies for single-season rice in this region.Keywords：Yangtze River Basin;single-season rice;high-temperature;drought;compound events;spatio-temporal distribution262|174|5<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-07
- Abstract：To screen high-quality and productive rice varieties suitable for cultivation in the Erhai basin， 13 main rice varieties planted in Yunnan Province were used as test materials in a randomized block design， and were planted routinely， and the main variety ‘Yungeng 37’ was used as a control in Gusheng Village， Wanqiao Town， Dali City， Yunnan Province. The yield and constitutive factors and quality indexes of the varieties were determined， and the correlation analysis and principal component analysis were conducted using the method of comprehensive score evaluation. The results showed that： The effective panicles was the highest in ‘Yungeng 57’ at 680.7 ×104/hm2， and 17.4% higher than that of ‘Yungeng 37’（P<0.05）； The number of kernels per panicle was the highest in ‘Shengnong 4’ at 143.3 and the lowest in ‘Feng 15-53’ at 80.3； The seed setting rate of each variety ranged from 74.8% to 95.2%， among which the ‘Yungeng 50’ had the highest seed setting rate and ‘Yunkegeng 1’ had the lowest； The 1 000-grain weight was the highest in ‘Feng 15-53’ at 29.5 g， which was 17.7% higher than that of ‘Yungeng 37’； ‘Yunliangyou 502’ had the highest yield of 14.9 t/hm2 and ‘Yunkegeng 1’ had the lowest yield of 10.2 t/hm2. The brown rice rate was the highest in ‘Chugeng 22’ at 82.6%， which was 3.3% higher than that of ‘Yungeng 37’， and the lowest in ‘Dianheyou 615’ at 76.0%； Both the milled rice rate and head rice rate were the highest for ‘Yunliangyou 502’， which were 76.7% and 75.5%， respectively； The amylose content of each variety ranged from 4.4 to 22.4 g/100 g， and the gelatin consistency ranged from 62.3 to 96.7 mm； The highest taste value was ‘Yungeng 50’ at 89.6， and the lowest was ‘Yungeng 48’ at 80.9； “Feng 15-53” had the highest protein content of 9.7 g/100 g， followed by “Yungeng 21k-10” of 9.6 g/100 g. The yield and quality levels of the 13 rice varieties for testing had different degrees of variation， with yield variation mainly in the number of kernels per panicle and the number of effective panicles， while the quality trait variation primarily in the amylose content. There were correlations among the yield and constitutive factors and quality traits of the 13 rice varieties for testing， among which the yield was highly significantly positively correlated with the milled rice rate and head rice rate， with correlation coefficients （r） of 0.460 and 0.551， respectively， while the seed setting rate was highly significantly positively correlated with the brown rice rate， with r of 0.528， and the amylose content was highly considerably negatively correlated with the gelatin consistency， with r of -0.779. The composite score of ‘Yungeng 50’ was the highest at 1.932 7， while ‘Dianheyou 615’ was the lowest at -0.609 9. Therefore， ‘Yungeng 50’ has the best quality and yield， and can be used as the optimal choice of rice varieties for planting in the Erhai basin.Keywords：rice;yield;quality;Erhai basin;principal component analysis145|38|0<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-07
- Abstract：To investigate the effects of VDAL on the germination， seedling growth， and wheat yield in the field， winter wheat 'Bainong 4199' was selected as the experimental material. In the laboratory pot experiment， seeds were treated with 0.2% （mass percentage， V1）， 0.4% （V2）， and 0.8% （V3） VDAL-contained seed coating， as well as seed coatings without VDAL （CK1） and seeds without coating （CK）， respectivley. The wheat germination rate， seedling height， root length， and root-to-shoot ratio of wheat were determined. In the field experiment， wheat treated with a seed coating agent containing 0.8% VDAL （Vc）， foliar application of VDAL powder at a concentration of 66.7 mg/L during the booting stage （Vf）， and a combination of both （Vc+Vf） were compared to seed coated without VDAL （CK1） and uncoated treatments （CK）. The germination rate， seedling tiller number， root vitality， harvest yield， and yield components of wheat under different treatments were measured. The results showed that： In the laboratory pot experiment， on the 35th day of seedling growth after sowing， wheat plant height of V3 was 7.78% and 18.56% higher than CK and CK1 （P<0.05）， respectively. In the field trial， Vc+Vf increased the number of spikes per hectare， grains per spike， and 1 000-grain weight by 12.20%， 7.20%， and 1.57% compared to CK1， respectively， leading to a 17.10% increase in theoretical yield. Compared to CK， the increases were 7.86%， 11.10%， and 1.86%， respectively， with a theoretical yield increase of 17.27%. In summary， the seed coating treatment and foliar spraying of VDAL have a promoting effect on wheat growth， yield， and yield components， and the combination of both has better effects. Therefore， in the central Henan region， using a 0.8% VDAL-contained seed coating （Vc） combined with VDAL powder at a concentration of 66.7 mg/L during the booting stage （Vf） can promote the growth of wheat seedlings and achieve high yields.Keywords：wheat;VDAL;seed-coating;foliar-spraying;wheat yield105|24|0<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-07
- Abstract：To realize the accurate prediction of winter wheat field water demand， based on the measured meteorological data of the experimental field in Yuanyang City， Henan Province， the multi-head attention mechanism was adopted to effectively obtain the relational features between water demand time series according to the size of the correlation coefficients between the meteorological factors and the crop water demand. The 11-， 7- and 4-factor fused multi-head attention （MHA） convolutional-long-short-term memory network （CNN-LSTM） model for predicting winter wheat water demand and comparing with the actual values. The results showed that： 1） The coefficient of determination （R2） between the predicted and measured values of crop water requirement was 0.914， the root mean square error （RMSE） was 0.627 mm， and the relative analysis error （RPD） was 4.243. The R2 was higher and RMSE was lower than that of the 7-factor and 4-factor prediction models. The accuracy of this prediction model increased with more inputs of meteorological factors related to crop water demand. The accuracy of the 4-factor prediction model was the lowest， and the R2 between the predicted value and the measured value of crop water requirement was 0.825， RMSE was 0.946 mm， and RPD was 3.124. In the absence of meteorological data， only the minimum temperature， maximum temperature， average temperature and atmospheric pressure with the highest correlation with the reference crop water requirement could be used to predict the crop water requirement. The number of sensors was reduced and the universality was improved compared with that of 11 factors.2 ） Compared with the classical machine learning model BP， the recurrent neural network model LSTM and the LSTM-Attention with attention mechanism， the CNN-LSTM-MHA model with multi-head attention mechanism has better parameters such as the R2， RMSE and RPD， and the prediction effect is closer to the actual situation of field production. In summary， the CNN-LSTM-MHA crop water requirement prediction model based on the fusion of 11 meteorological factors related to crop water requirement is established， which can improve the problem of insufficient internal feature extraction between data in the convolutional layer. The model can effectively improve the prediction accuracy of winter wheat water requirement and can be used for irrigation decision-making of winter wheat in the field.Keywords：wheat;crop water requirement;neural network;multi-head attention mechanism;prediction model55|27|1<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-07
- Abstract：To address the problem of sweet potato black spot disease caused by Ceratocystis fimbriata， which severely impacts tuber quality and the safety of processed products， this study utilized images of sweet potato black spot disease obtained from controlled cultivation environments. Total phenolic content was selected as an internal quality indicator， while black spot diameter was used as an external appearance indicator. Machine learning techniques were applied to explore the correlation between these two factors， and based on the results， disease severity grading was performed. After comparing the detection performance of ResNet152， VGG19， GoogleNet， EfficientNetB7， MobileNetV2， and DenseNet201 models， a novel algorithm that integrates the Spatial Attention （SA） mechanism， Efficient Channel Attention （ECA） mechanism， and the DenseNet201 network was proposed for the identification of sweet potato black spot disease. The results showed that： 1） The Pearson correlation coefficient between black spot diameter and total phenolic content was 0.93， indicating a strong positive correlation （P<0.01）， which suggested that external disease symptoms can effectively reflect internal quality changes； 2） Among the models used to identify different disease grades of sweet potato black spot disease， DenseNet201 achieved the highest accuracy of 83.93%； 3） The results of Ablation experiments demonstrated that the DenseNet201-SA-ECA model， which incorporated both SA and ECA mechanisms， achieved a classification accuracy of 96.8% on the test set， representing a 12.87% improvement over the original DenseNet201 model and significantly enhancing the precision of black spot disease identification. Combining biochemical indicators with deep learning， this study shows that the DenseNet201-SA-ECA model outperforms other convolutional neural networks in identifying sweet potato black spot disease and can reliably recognize the disease with high accuracy.Keywords：sweet potato;disease classification;deep learning;total phenolic content;convolutional network model55|26|3<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-07
- Abstract：In order to investigate the impact of different storage methods on the vigor and related indicators of soybean seeds under the high temperature and high humidity climate conditions of the south， two spring soybean cultivars 'Guichun No. 8' （GC 8） and 'Guichun No. 13' （GC 13）， and one summer soybean cultivar 'Guixia No. 1' （GX 1） were used as experimental materials. Three treatments， sealed and dried condition （A1）， sealed condition （A2）， and natural storage （A3） were set up and placed under natural conditions （average daily temperature： 8.2-29.9 °C， average daily humidity： 55.3%-88.0%） for 1 year with storage at -18 °C （A0） as the control. The seed vigor， enzyme activities of peroxidase （POD）， superoxide dismutase （SOD）， and catalase （CAT）， as well as malondialdehyde （MDA） content were measured. The electrical conductivity （EC） of the soaking solution and the weight of exuded solids （WDS） after soaking the seeds for 12 h were determined. The germination-related indicators of different storage treatment soybean seeds， and germination-related indicator of different storage treatment soybean seeds after drought treatment （DT） and flooding treatment （FT） were measured by using paper bed method. The results indicated that： 1） In the TTC test， the color rendering index （CRI） of cotyledons for three cultivars in A0， A1， and A2 were all above 90%. The CRI of cotyledons for 'GC 8' and 'GC 13' seeds treated with A3 were reduced to 29.46% and 26.05%， respectively， while the CRI of cotyledons for 'GX 1' seeds was reduced to 0. 2） Compared to A0， A1， and A2， the electrical conductivity （EC） and weight of exuded solids （WDS） for A3 of the three cultivars were the highest. The WDS of the three cultivars in A1 was not significantly different from those in A0. Except for the EC of 'GC 8' in A1 was significantly higher than that in A0， there was no significant difference to EC between A1 and A0 for the other two cultivars. 3） The MDA content of three cultivars in A2 was significantly higher than those in A0. The SOD content of three cultivars in A0 and A1 was significantly higher than that in A3， and the POD content of three cultivars in A0 and A1 were significantly higher than those in A2 and A3. The CAT of three cultivars in A1， A2 and A3 were no significant difference from those in A0. 4） The four indices of germination potential percentage （GPP）， germination percentage （GP）， normal seedling percentage （NSP）， and germination index （GI） of three cultivars in A3 were all reduced to 0. The four indices in A2 were significantly lower than those in A0 and A1. Compared to A0， in the four germination indicators of A1， except for the NSP of 'GC 13' and the GPP and NSP of 'GC 8' which were significantly lower than A0， there were no significant differences in the others. Compared with A0， the 5 d root length （5dRL）， hypocotyl length （HL）， root fresh weight （FRW）， and vigor index （VI） for three cultivars in A2 were all lower. 5dRL and VI of three cultivars in A2 were lower than those in A1. Except for the 5dRL of 'GC 13' in A1， which was significantly lower than that in A0， the other cultivars in A1 showed no significant difference from those in A0. The root elongation rate （RER） of the three cultivars in A1 and A2 showed no significant difference compared to those in A0. 5） Compared with A0， the GPP， GP， NSP， and GI of the seeds in A1 and A2 after FT and DT stress treatment were reduced significantly， after FT and DT stress treatments， the extent of reduction in the four indicators of the three cultivars was different. In the FT， the reduction in GPP， GP， NSP， and GI for 'GC 13' and 'GX 1' in A1 and A2 was higher than that in A0. In the DT， the reduction of GP and NSP in A1 and A2 for all three cultivars was higher than that in A0. In summary， soybean seeds treated with different storage methods all exhibited varying degrees of aging after being stored under natural conditions for 1 year. Among these， sealed and dried conditions， （A1） showed the least degree of deterioration， followed by sealed storage （A2）， with natural storage （A3） showing the highest degree of deterioration. Therefore， the sealed dry storage method can maintain the seed vigor of soybean in production under high temperature and high humidity condition in the storage in southern of China.Keywords：storage;soybean;seed aging;seed vigor;germination59|23|1<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-07
- Abstract：To achieve the real-time online monitoring of rapeseed oil oxidative stability， a custom-built portable near-infrared and Raman spectroscopy （NIR-Raman） device combined with spectral fusion techniques was utilized to assess the oxidative stability of rapeseed oil quantitatively. The NIR and Raman spectral data were collected from rapeseed oil samples exhibiting varying degrees of oxidation. Eight preprocessing methods and three feature selection approaches were applied to construct partial least squares regression （PLSR） models using data-level， feature-level decision and multi-block fusion strategies. The accuracy of the models was evaluated using the prediction set determination coefficient （Rp2） and the prediction root mean square error （RMSEP）. The results demonstrated that： 1） Taking peroxide value （POV） as an example， in the NIR spectrum， the SNV+MSC preprocessing method displayed the best performance with an Rp2 of 0.84 and RMSEP of 1.05； In the Raman spectrum， the SNV preprocessing method was the most optimal with an Rp2 of 0.85 and an RMSEP of 0.99； 2） Among the spectral fusion schemes， the sequential orthogonal partial least squares （SO-PLS） method with multi-block fusion outperformed the other two methods， achieving R2 of 0.978 and RMSEP of 0.392； 3） The prediction of rapeseed oil oxidation indicators， including malondialdehyde （MDA）， anisidine value （AV）， and conjugated diene value （CDV）， using SO-PLS integrated NIR and Raman spectroscopy， R2 values reached 0.98， 0.98， and 0.97， respectively， and RMSEP values were 0.871， 1.039， and 2.132， respectively. In summary， this study applied the SO-PLS fusion of NIR and Raman spectra for rapid， non-destructive， real-time dynamic and realized the monitoring of the oxidation level of rapeseed oil. This study provided technical support for quality control in the processing of rapeseed oil.Keywords：spectral fusion technique;near-infrared spectroscopy;Raman spectroscopy;canola oil;oxidative stability36|16|2<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-07
- Abstract：The resource utilization efficiency of tomato straw is limited due to its high lignification degree and low degradability. High temperature and alkalization pretreatment can help to accelerate the decomposition and humification of straw. However， its effects on the degradation and transformation of straw during the composting process are still unclear. To explore the impact of high temperature and alkalization pretreatment on transformation and losses of C and N during tomato straw composting， two treatments including high temperature and alkalization pretreatment composting （PT） and conventional composting （CK） were conducted. Tomato straw was the main raw material， and corncob and duck farm cushions were conditioning agents. The simulated composting experiment was carried out using static forced-air composting boxes and the duration time was 30 d. The results showed that the highest temperature （67.20 °C） of PT treatment was increased by 7.77 °C （P<0.05）， and the time for accumulating 10 000 °C·h was decreased by 1 d compared to that of the CK. The days for the composting temperature ≥ 50 °C was 7 d in PT treatment， which fully met the demand of harmless thermophilic time. At the end of composting （30 d）， the degree of humus polymerization and seed germination index of PT treatment were 1.37 and 176.40%， respectively， significantly higher than those of CK. However， the dry matter degradation rate， the carbon loss rate， and the nitrogen loss rate of PT treatment were increased by 5.22% （P<0.05）， 7.46% （P<0.05）， and 3.86% （P>0.05） compared with the CK， respectively. In conclusion， the high temperature and alkalization pretreatment improved the fermentation temperature and efficiency while increasing carbon and nitrogen’s losses at the thermophilic composting stage.Keywords：high temperature and alkalization pretreatment;tomato straw;composting;carbon loss;humus carbon;nitrogen loss62|20|1<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-07
- Abstract：This study aimed to clarify the effects of different mulching measures on the soil moisture of fruiting apple orchards and the growth of fruiting trees in the loess plateau of western Shanxi， and find the best mulching measures for the soil moisture and yield improvement of fruiting trees in the rain-fed agricultural area. In this study， 17-year-old ‘Fuji’ apple trees were taken as the research object and five treatments of straw mulching （SM）， horticultural fabric mulching （BF）， black mulching （BM）， white mulching （WM）， and clear cultivation （CK） were designed. The field locating and observing experiment was conducted to explore the comprehensive effects of different mulching measures on the soil moisture of apple orchards， the growth condition of apple fruit trees and the yield from April to October 2023. The results showed that： 1） Compared to the CK treatment， all of the mulch treatments effectively increased the average soil volume water content in the 0~120 cm soil layer from 1.76% to 23.66% during the entire reproductive period， the coefficient of variation of soil moisture was increased and the soil water storage capacity was increased by 16.57 to 48.56 mm. 2） Compared to CK treatment， the mulching measures were more conducive to the growth of branches， and increased new shoot length by 10.28% to 19.44%（P<0.05）. 3） Compared with CK treatment， the mulching treatments remarkably raised the soluble solids content by 1.93% to 10.78%（P<0.05）， soluble sugar content by 4.55% to 22.44%（P<0.05）， and reduced the titratable acid content by 7.89% to 15.79%（P<0.05）. 4） Compared with CK treatment， the mulching treatments significantly increased the apple yield by 6.55% to 11.33%（P<0.05）， and improved the water use efficiency by 2.09% to 5.98%. Compared to the other mulching treatments， the horticultural fabric mulching treatment increased apple yield by 1.54% to 4.49%， obtained a high comprehensive score （0.59）， and increased the economic benefits by 2.06% to 6.74%. Therefore， the horticultural fabric mulching was the best mulching measure for fruiting apple orchards in western Shanxi region.Keywords：apple;soil moisture;fruit quality;yield55|23|4<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-07
- Abstract：Low temperature is one of the major challenges restricting the development of global viticulture during the overwintering period. With the continuous improvement of overwintering protection measures， more and more exogenous substances are used to enhance the cold resistance of grapevines during the overwintering period. Understanding the mechanism of different exogenous substances to enhance the winter resistance of grapevines can effectively help us implement overwintering protection measures. In this paper， the mechanism and application progress of exogenous substances to improve grapevine cold resistance were reviewed by collating domestic and foreign literature. The results showed as follows： 1） The cold resistance of grapevine was influenced by both its genetic characteristics and external factors； 2） Exogenous substances enhance the cold resistance of grapevine by affecting the expression of cold-resistance-related genes， and the transport and distribution of expression products； 3） Application of appropriate concentration of exogenous substances can effectively enhance the cold resistance of grapevine. In conclusion， the mechanism of enhancing grapevine cold resistance by different exogenous substances is not the same. The application of exogenous substances with appropriate concentration can effectively improve grapevine cold resistance. This study provides some strategies and insights on how to enhance the cold resistance of grapevines.Keywords：exogenous substance;growth regulator;inorganic salt ions;Vitis L.;cold resistance74|21|1<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-07
- Abstract：To investigate the genetic patterns of ornamental traits in the F1 hybrid generation of Renanthera citrina and Phalaenopsis Chin-Lih Rose， a population consisting of 73 F1 individuals and the parent plants was used in this study. Statistical methods such as discrete trait description and Pearson correlation analysis were employed to examine the variation and correlations of 21 quantitative traits. Systematic clustering and RHSCC colorimetry were used for flower color classification， while ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry was applied to analyze pigment content. The results indicated that： 1） The F1 hybrid population exhibits considerable variation， with coefficients of variation for the 21 quantitative traits ranging from 9.4% to 41.0%； 2） Out of 210 pairs of correlations， 58 pairs of correlations differed at an extremely significant level （P<0.01）， and 27 pairs were significant （P<0.05）， with the majority showing positive correlations； 3） The F1 population was categorized into three color groups： orange-red， orange-purple， and light-purple， with the light-purple group exhibiting relatively stable color expression and less variation； 4） The primary pigment components of the orange-red and orange-purple groups， as well as the parent Phalaenopsis Chin-Lih Rose， were anthocyanins and carotenoids， while the light-purple group was predominantly composed of chlorophyll. These findings provide a reference for understanding the pigment composition of Renanthera and Phalaenopsis hybrids， the inheritance of key ornamental traits， the selection of parent plants and the breeding of new varieties.Keywords：Orchidaceae;intergeneric hybridization;flower color;pigment content95|12|0<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-07
- Abstract：The purpose of this study was to explore the inheritance pattern and mechanism underlying a newly reported phenotype， namely “heart-shaped lacing feather”， in Jiang Han chickens. This phenotype consists of a heart-shaped eumelanin pattern at the end edge of a feather. In this study， the associations between the phenotypes of heart-shaped lacing feather and its candidate mutations （related mutations of GJA5， SOX10， and MC1R genes） were analyzed mainly through two methods： testing in a large population and in a constructed resource family， followed by the establishment of a molecular breeding protocol for “heart-shaped lacing feather” chickens. The results showed that： 1） There was no significant association between the upstream deletion of SOX10 gene and the trait of “heart-shaped bordered feather” in Jianghan chicken （P>0.05）. 2） Four missense mutations in MC1R gene （Met71Thr， Glu92Lys， Ala143Thr， and His215Pro） and the haplotypes formed by them were all significantly correlated with eumelanism in feathers （P<0.05）. 3） In the feathers with the ability to deposit eumelanin， mediated by MC1R， the specific position of eumelanin in feathers were mainly affected by the indel mutation in the upstream of GJA5 gene. Thus， the GJA5 mutation played a major role in determining the “heart-shaped feather” （P<0.01）， and showed partial dominant inheritance and sex-influenced inheritance； 4） Joint analysis showed that MC1R mutations had epistatic effects on GJA5 mutation； 5） After screening， it was found that individuals with mutated or heterozygous MC1R 92 amino acid site， wild-type 143 site， and mutant of GJA5 upstream， have the largest proportion of heart-shaped feathers （85.19%）. Therefore， the molecular breeding protocol for heart shaped lacing feather chickens， consists with selection by phenotype， then the 2 MC1R missense mutations， then GJA5 mutation， were established. This study identified the inheritance pattern of heart-shaped lacing feathers， which laid a foundation for breeding of domestic chickens with this phenotype， giving full play to the role of feather as a labelling trait， and increasing the competitiveness for the spent hens of Jianghan chicken.Keywords：Jiang Han chicken;heart-shaped lacing feather;molecular breeding;GJA5;MC1R40|17|0<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-07
- Abstract：This study was aimed to explore the effect of magnolol （MAG） on the intestinal health of Pekin ducks infected with Escherichia coli （E.coli）. A total of 240 one-year-old Pekin ducks were randomly allocated into 6 dietary treatments， 5 repetitions per treatment， 8 animals per repetition： blank group （group NCG）， challenge group （E.coli O78， group PCG）， low-dose MAG group （E.coli O78+100 mg/kg MAG， group MLG）， medium-dose MAG group （E.coli O78+200 mg/kg MAG， group MMG）， high-dose MAG group （E.coli O78+300 mg/kg MAG， group MHG）， antibiotic group （E.coli O78+30 mg/kg virginiamycin， group AG）. The test period was 28 days. Intestinal health indicators were detected by ELISA， pathological histological section technology （HE staining）， and Quantitative Real-time PCR （RT-qPCR）. The result showed that： 1）Compared with the group PCG， there was no significant improvement in growth performance caused by E. coli infection in the group MLG， the group MMG， the group MHG and the group AG at 9， 14， and 28 days of age （P>0.05）. 2）Compared with the group PCG， the villus length and villus length/recess depth in the jejunum of Pekin ducks in the group MLG， group MMG， group MHG and group AG were significantly increased （P<0.05）， the recess depth was decreased significantly at 9， 14 and 28 days of age （P<0.05）. 3）Compared with the group PCG， the content of serum DAO and D-LA of Pekin ducks in the group MMG was significantly decreased at 9 days of age （P<0.05）. 4） Compared with the group PCG， the expression levels of IL-10 in the jejunum of Pekin ducks in the group MLG and MMG were increased significantly at 9 days of age （P<0.05）. 5） Compared with the group PCG， the expression levels of zonula occluden-1， Occludin and Claudin-1 in the jejunum of Pekin ducks in the group MLG were significantly increased at 9， 14 and 28 days of age （P<0.05）. The expression levels of mucin2 in the group MLG and MMG was increased significantly at 14 and 28 days of age （P<0.05）. In conclusion， adding MAG can improve the intestinal morphology， stabilize the intestinal barrier and protect intestinal health of Pekin ducks infected with E.coli. The recommended dosage of MAG adding to the feed is 100 or 200 mg/kg.Keywords：magnolol;Escherichia coli;Pekin duck;intestinal health34|14|1<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-07
- Abstract：The study was to understand the drug resistance phenotype， drug resistance gene and virulence gene carried by Klebsiella pneumoniae （KP） of fecal source in different animals in Xinjiang， and to guide the clinic to rationalize the use of drug in different animals based on the results of resistance phenotype. In this study， 1 140 feces of cattle， sheep， horse， camel， donkey， pig， chicken and pigeon under various feeding patterns were collected from 9 regions of Xinjiang for the isolation and identification of Klebsiella pneumoniae. The minimum inhibitory concentration of 8 antibacterial drugs was determined by agar dilution method， and 25 drug resistance genes and 11 virulence genes were detected by PCR. The results showed as follows： 1） A total of 88 strains of KP were isolated， and the isolation rate was 7.7%. The distribution of KP in different animal fecal sources was different， and the isolation rate from high to low was cattle source （40.3%， 27/67）， pig source （13.6%， 17/125）， horse source （13.5%， 10/74）， pigeon source （11.9%， 5/42）， camel source （8.5%， 19/223） and donkey source （4.3%， 4/92）， chicken （3.9%， 5/129） and sheep （0.3%， 1/388）. 2） The analysis of drug resistance results showed that the degree of drug resistance of KP from different animal fecal sources was different， and the severity of drug resistance was roughly cattle source>pig source>chicken source>horse source>camel source>pigeon source>donkey source>sheep source. The resistance rate to tetracycline （86.4%） and flufenicol （63.6%） were high 62.5% of strains resistant to three or more drugs. 3） The results of drug resistance gene detection showed that the detection rates of quinolone resistance genes of oqxB， qnrS and oqxA in KP from different animal feces were relatively high， which were 77.3%， 73.9% and 72.7%， respectively， and the coexistence of the three genes was 58.0%. The detection rates of blaTEM and Sul1 were 34.1%. The detection rate of mcr-8 was 17.0%. blaOXA had a lower detection rate of 2.3%. tet（X4） was detected in only one strain， with a detection rate of 1.1%. 4） Virulence gene test results showed that the detection rates of iucA and iutA were the highest among ferriferous carrier system-related genes （82.9% and 81.8%， respectively）， followed by the detection rates of wabG among lipopolysaccharid-related genes （57.9%）. The detection rates of other virulent genes from high to low were allS （22.7%）， iroNB （22.7%）， aer （2.3%）， rmpA2 （2.3%） and wcaG （1.1%）. Capsulin-related gene rmpA and lysin-related gene hly were not detected. To sum up， different animal feces source KP in Xinjiang are characterized by wide drug resistance spectrum， high drug resistance rate， and high carrying rates of drug resistance genes and virulence genes. It is recommended to carry out regular monitoring of KP resistance and virulence genes from the same health perspective， and make reasonable medication arrangements for different animals based on their drug resistance phenotype and prevalence of drug resistance genes， thus reducing the risk of the emergence of drug-resistant bacteria.Keywords：Klebsiella pneumoniae;different animal faeces sources;drug-resistant phenotype;drug resistance gene;virulence gene32|16|2<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-07
Estimation on farmland bearing capacity of animal manure based on microplastic ecological risk value
Abstract：To prevent microplastic pollution in farmland soil， the agriculture and animal husbandry production system of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps （XPCC） was taken as the research object. A soil microplastics toxicity database was established， and the species sensitivity distribution method was employed to determine the predicted no-effect concentration of soil microplastics（PNECsoil）. The risk quotient method and soil environmental impact prediction method were used to assess the environmental capacity of microplastics in farmland soil quantitatively. Additionally， the material flow analysis method was utilized to estimate farmland bearing capacity of animal manure. The results showed that： 1） The farmland bearing capacity of animal manure of swine， dairy cattle， beef cattle， broiler and layer in XPCC was 79.7 heads， 0.7 heads， 1.9 heads， 476.2 birds and 69.9 birds per hectare， respectively. Due to the relatively high mass fraction of microplastics in animal manure， microplastics became the factor limiting the application of manure. 2） When the amount of microplastics in manure and agricultural film was reduced by 30.0%， the farmland bearing capacity of animal manure could be increased by 42.8% and 8.5%. In terms of farmland soil ecological risk prevention and control， microplastics was emerged as one of the limiting factors for the safe application of animal manure and the bearing capacity of farmland. It is recommended to enhance the monitoring of microplastics animal feed and drinking water， to prevent and control microplastic pollution in the breeding process and ensure the safe return of manure to the fields and healthy soil.Keywords：farmland bearing capacity of animal manure;microplastics;ecological risk assessment soil environment;Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps41|18|0<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-07- Abstract：In order to understand the domestical and international research status and hotspots of soil health， this study uses bibliometric analysis and CiteSpace visualization software to analyze the literature on soil health published from 2002 to 2022， based on the Chinese database CNKI and the English database Web of Science （WOS） as data sources. The results showed that： 1） From 2002 to 2023， the number of published papers on soil health shows an upward trend in both Chinese and English. However， the number of Chinese publications is much lower than that in English， accounting for only 14.50% of the total English publications. 2） Both China and the United States of America are the two leading countries with the largest number of publications in the field of soil health， accounting for 28.63% and 20.36% of the total publications， respectively. Major contributors to soil health publications include the Chinese Academy of Sciences， the United States Department of Agriculture （USDA）， the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China， and the Indian Council of Agricultural Research. 3） The main keywords in the CNKI database are soil quality， soil fertility， and land management. In contrast， keywords in the WOS database focus on soil environmental safety. 4） The research on soil health in the CNKI database mainly progressed through three main stages： focus on soil fertility form 2002 to 2014， emphasis on land occupation and compensation balance， land reclamation and food security form 2015 to 2019， and shift towards cultivated land productivity， functions and biological activity form 2019 to 2023. Soil health studies in the WOS database are divided into soil environmental quality form 2002 to 2017 and non-point source and heavy metal pollution form 2018 to 2023. In the future， both China and the United States of America are expected to play leading roles in the research field of soil health. Enhancing cultivated land quality， improving cultivated land productivity， addressing soil pollution， cultivating healthy soil， and exploring soil microecology may become research hotspots and main focuses in the research field of soil health.Keywords：bibliometric method;CiteSpace;soil health;research hotspot52|25|3<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-07
A soil quality assessment card developing based on the south irrigation area of the Yellow River in Inner Mongolia AI Introduction
Abstract：In order to apply soil quality assessment results on practical production， this study focuses on the southern bank of the Yellow River in Inner Mongolia， a crucial agricultural production zone in the arid and semi-arid regions. A total of 11 physical and chemical indicators of 67 soil samples collected in this region were measured. Based on the optimal combination of methods， the soil quality index was calculated and a comprehensive evaluation was conducted using an obstacle factor diagnosis model and Kriging spatial interpolation to provide essential information for the soil quality assessment card developing in the study area. The results indicate that： The overall soil quality index in the study area ranged from 0.25 to 0.71， with an average value of 0.47. The levels of available phosphorus and potassium were relatively high， whereas the organic matter content was low. The soil water content and porosity were identified as the primary limiting factors for soil quality with obstacle degrees of 0.173 and 0.160， respectively. The soil quality exhibited a spatial trend of being higher in the eastern and southern regions and lower in the central and northern regions， which correlated with the distribution of soil water content in the east-west direction and porosity in the north-south direction. The soil quality assessment card developed from the comprehensive evaluation results included five chemical and two physical indicators. The card innovatively integrated grading standards for regional evaluation indicators and spatial distribution maps of soil quality， providing a practical method for calculating the soil quality index from different indicator datasets. Soil quality surveyors can fill out the card using the provided information in conjunction with the measured indicators， ultimately provide users with intuitive soil quality information. In conclusion， the formulation of the soil quality assessment card represents a significant advancement in integrating scientific research with practical agricultural practices， providing a crucial foundation for the protection and utilization of regional soil quality and agricultural management.Keywords：soil quality assessment card;soil quality index;obstacle degree;spatial distribution;irrigation area south of the Yellow revier41|17|2<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-07- Abstract：To provide the basis for formulating the policy of rational utilization of land resources in Aksu region， based on the land use type data interpreted by remote sensing images from 1990， 2000， 2010 and 2020 in Aksu region， the land use transfer matrix， single and comprehensive land use dynamic attitude and ecological environment quality index were used to explore the spatio-temporal evolution characteristics of land use and ecological environment quality in the region over the past 30 years. The results showed as follows： 1） The rate of land use change in Aksu region in recent 30 years had obvious stages， which was gentle from 1990 to 2000， drastic from 2000 to 2010， and more active from 2010 to 2020； The dynamic attitudes of comprehensive land use were 0.09%， 1.42% and 0.78%， respectively. Among them， the area of grassland decreased by 21 844.50 hm2， the area of cultivated land increased by 5 713.81 hm2， and the area of garden increased by 1 244.54 hm2. 2） The regional differences in land use change were significant. In the central and northern regions， a total of 15 018.32 hm2 of grassland and 382.63 hm2 of arable land were converted to other land， and a large number of grasslands were converted to cultivated land and forest land along the tributaries of Aksu River， with an area of 2 788.08 hm2 and 5 754.89 hm2， respectively. 3） The eco-environmental quality indexes of Aksu region in 1900， 2000， 2010 and 2020 were 0.39， 0.39， 0.32 and 0.34， respectively， showing an overall low and decreasing trend. The spatial distribution difference was significant， with the high-value area mainly concentrated in the northern part of the study area and the low-value area primarily focused on the southern part of the study area. 4） Land use change and its eco-environmental effects are highly consistent in time and space. The main positive effects on eco-environmental effects are the conversion of other land to woodland and grassland， and the contribution rates of both reach more than 70%. The main negative effects are grassland change into cultivated land， other land and water area shrinkage， the contribution rate of the three is nearly 90%. Therefore， the utilization of land resources in the Aksu region should adhere to the principle of determining land by water， that is， rationally determining the scale of agricultural land based on the carrying capacity of water resources， optimizing the structure and spatial layout of land use， and promoting green and efficient development.Keywords：Aksu region;land use change;dynamic attitude;ecological environment quality;ecological contribution rate43|17|5<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-07
- Abstract：In order to investigate the development level of China’s food security， this study constructed a theoretical and logical analytical framework for food security based on the supply system of the whole industrial chain under the greater food approach， formed a scientific and comprehensive evaluation index system of China’s food security in six key dimensions， such as availability， accessibility， reachability， controllability， substitutability and sustainability， and utilized the entropy-weighted TOPSIS model to evaluate China’s food security level from 2010 to 2022.The results show that： 1） The overall development level of China’s food security under the greater food approach has been steadily increasing， and the process of change can be divided into two stages， which are slow increasing stage and rapid increasing stage. It shows a trend from unbalanced development to balanced development. 2） From the point of view of the structural evolution of China’s food security， it is discovered that the levels of the above six dimensions are all showing an overall increasing trend. The level of availability is lower than that of food security in recent years， which has restricted food production； the levels of both accessibility and reachability have grown at similar rate to the food security level， which contributes to China’s food security in general； the level of controllability has risen the most， becoming the main pulling force for China’s food security； the level of substitutability shows a year-on-year upward trend， which is basically in line with the trend of changes in the level of food security and has become a key factor in maintaining and improving China’s food security； the sustainability level has exhibited a "U"-shaped upward trend， particularly since 2020， when it has emerged as the primary driving force behind the enhancement of China’s food security standards. In conclusion， it is necessary to focus on strengthening the protection of arable land and the development and utilization of diversified resources， stabilizing the supply of agricultural labour， upgrading the quality of agricultural labour， optimizing the structure of agricultural labour and efficiently utilizing the resources of the international market.Keywords：the greater food approach;food security;evaluation;entropy TOPSIS model33|27|6<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-07
- Abstract：In order to explore the enrichment effect of agricultural productive service industry， based on the panel data of 30 provinces in China from 2006 to 2021（the data do not include those of Xizang， Hong Kong，Macao and Taiwan regions. The same below.）， the mediating effect model and spatial econometric model were used to empirically investigate the enrichment mechanism and spatial spillover effect of agricultural productive service industry from the perspective of farmers’ income increase. The results show that： 1） agricultural productive services can significantly promote farmers' income； 2） There is regional heterogeneity in the enrichment effect of agricultural productive services， which is manifested in “central>eastern>western”，“main grain producing areas>non-main grain producing areas”； 3） The agricultural productive service industry can promote the growth of farmers' operating income by improving agricultural production efficiency， and at the same time， it can promote the growth of farmers' wage income by promoting the transfer of rural labor；4） Agricultural productive services promote the increasing of farmers' income in neighboring areas through spatial spillover effects. To enhance the effect of enriching the people in the agricultural productive service industry， some policy suggestions were put forward， such as increasing policy support， improving the mechanism of linking agriculture with agriculture， strengthening cross-regional service cooperation， and strengthening farmers' employment assistance.Keywords：enrichment effect;increase farmers’ income;agricultural productive services;mediating effect;spatial spillover effects46|18|1<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-07
- Abstract：Based on the 2020 China Rural Revitalization Survey （CRRS） data， this study explores the impact of digital technology application on grain growers' green production behaviors from two dimensions， digital technology use and digital technology capability， by using the Ordered Probit model. The results show that： 1） Both digital technology use and digital technology capability have promoting effect on farmers' green production behavior. 2） The digital technology use positively influence farmers' green production behavior by improving their information satisfaction， ecological value cognition and green food cognition. 3） For farmers who do not participate in cooperatives， both digital technology use and digital technology capability have a significant positive effect on their green production behavior. While for farmers who participate in cooperatives， the impact of digital technology use and digital technology capability on their green production behavior is not significant. This indicates that there is a substitution relationship between digital technology application and cooperative participation. Therefore， the government should promote the use of digital technology by farmers， strengthen their digital technology capability， and provide technical support for their green production； exert the information and cognitive effects of digital technology use； and focus on supporting farmers who do not participate in cooperatives to consolidate the promotion effect of digital technology application on their green production behavior.Keywords：digital technology use;digital technology capability;grain growers;green production behavior51|16|3<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-07
- Abstract：To clarify the influence and the mechanisms of agricultural production services on the farmer’s behavior towards cropland protection， the mechanism of the agricultural production services‘ impacts on farm households' enhanced cropland protection behaviors are investigated by taking a micro-survey of 965 farm households in Hubei Province as the research object，. The differential impacts of the differentiation of farm households and the attributes of the measures， and empirically analyses using the Ordered Probit， CMP， and mediation effect models. The results show that： 1） The overall participation of agricultural production services and adoption rate of cropland protection measures by farm households in the study area is low； 2） Agricultural production services promote farm households to strengthen cropland protection， but the effect are insignificant effect on labor-intensive measures and significant on capital-intensive measures. The effect is stronger on the main-farming type of farm households than on the part-time type； 3） Agricultural production services can be used to strengthen cropland protection by enhancing labor substitution and improving information division to achieve the cropland protection objectives of farmers. The substitution effect and division of labor effect are interrelated and reinforcing the cropland protection effect of agricultural production services mutually. Therefore， to motivate farm households to strengthen the protection of croplands， the government should strengthen the efficient supply of agricultural production services and the divisibility of agricultural links， improve the construction of the agricultural production services market， and pay attention to the internal division of farmers in three aspects to enhance the participation of farmers.Keywords：farm households' cropland protection;agricultural production services;influence mechanism;farmers differentiation30|20|1<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-07
- Abstract：To explore the carbon reduction effect of agricultural green development on cultivated land use， this study constructs a theoretical analysis framework to analyze the impact of agricultural green development on the carbon emission intensity of cultivated land use. Using the benchmark regression models， mediation effect models， and spatial Durbin models， and based on panel data from 31 provinces from 2001 to 2022 （Data do not include those of Hong Kong， Macau and Taiwan. The same below） this study analyzes the impact mechanism and spatial effects of agricultural green development on the carbon emission intensity of cultivated land use. The results indicate that： 1） The overall level of agricultural green development increased from 0.154 in 2001 to 0.397 in 2022. There was a decreasing pattern among regions including the main grain sales area， the production and sales balance area， and the main grain production area； 2） The carbon emission intensity of cultivated land use decreased from 3.264 t/10 000 yuan in 2001 to 0.717 t/10 000 yuan in 2022. There was a decreasing trend among regions in the main grain production areas， main grain sales areas， and production sales balance areas； 3） Green development in agriculture reduced the carbon emission intensity of cultivated land use significantly. Green development in agriculture suppressed the carbon emission intensity of cultivated land use by promoting the application of green production technologies in agriculture； 4） There was a spatial spillover effect of the inhibitory effect of green agricultural development on the carbon emission intensity of cultivated land use. Based on the above findings， this study proposes that it is necessary to strengthen inter-regional agricultural green cooperation， optimize precise carbon reduction practices on cultivated land， and promote the application of low-carbon production technologies to form a spatial joint carbon control pattern in the future.Keywords：green development of agriculture;carbon emission intensity of cultivated land use;agricultural green production technology;spatial effects;MOA model512|49|9<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-07
- Abstract：To study the evaluation method of the economic impact of major infectious animal diseases， accurately evaluate and analyze the economic cost of major infectious animal diseases， and construct and improve the prevention and control system of major infectious animal diseases. From the economic cost perspective， this study sorted out the relevant literature published domestically and internationally， expounded the economic impact categories of major infectious animal diseases， and summarized the economic cost evaluation methods and application cases of major infectious animal diseases. The results showed that： There are some limitations in the existing literature， such as insufficient data range， microscopic research perspective， and mainly retrospective investigation. Aiming at how to effectively promote the economic cost assessment of animal epidemics and build a set of scientific and effective models of economic cost assessment of animal epidemics with Chinese characteristics， this study put forward relevant research prospects and enlightenment： The first is to promote the “combination of epidemiological model and economic model” and strengthen the collection and analysis of basic data； The second is to promote the “combination of macro and micro analysis” and develop the localization cost assessment model； The third is to promote the “combination of pre-assessment and post-assessment” and strengthen risk assessment and early warning research.Keywords：animal diseases;social losses;economic costs;cost assessment;literature review58|30|0<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-07
