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- Abstract：The objective of this research is to identify QTL with additive effect and epistatic effect,and analyze the effects of additive QTL by environment (AE) interactions and epistatic QTL by environment (AAE) interactions in eleven environments over six years.The population of F2:14-F2:19 Recombination Inbred Lines (RILs),derived from the cross between Charleston and DongNong594,was used to construct the linkage groups with Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) markers in present study.11 additive effect QTLs (A) were identified in the conjoint analysis of 11 environments,the phenotypic variation explanations for these additive QTLs were more microefficient than that of the main effect in these additive QTLs.20 pairs of epistatic QTLs (AA) were also identified,two patterns were found between the epistatic QTLs,one was two epistatic QTLs interacted on the same linkage group,another was two epistatic QTLs located on different linkage groups interacted each other.Nine additive QTLs and 17 pairs of epistatic QTLs could be identified among multiple environments at the same time,More than 5% of the phenotypic variation could be explanted by parts of the epistatic QTLs.Therefore,the QTLs identified among different environments or different background can be used as the candidate makers for the improvement of the pod number traits in soybean in maker assisted selection (MAS) or mapping clone.1|6|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Artificial inoculating SRBSDV (Southern rice black-streaked dwarf virus) and HPLC(High Performance Liquid Chromatography)technique were used to measure the GA3,IAA,SA and ABA content of high resistant PTGMS line 1S and high sensitive PTGMS line 10S in response to SRBSDV infection.The results showed that: 1)10S' GA3 and IAA average content were significantly lower in SRBSDV infected plants than that in healthy plants.The lowest value appeared in the 5th and 6th day after SRBSDV infected when disease symptoms began to appear.1S' IAA average content was significantly lower in SRBSDV infected plants than those in healthy plants;GA3 average content was lower in the infected plants than those in healthy plants,but didn't reach the 5% significant level. 2)Resistance signal molecule SA content was higher in SRBSDV infected plants than in healthy plants.Both reached the highest level when disease symptoms initialised.10S' SA content declined faster than that of 1S' after the highest value and 1S' SA content remained significantly higher than that in healthy plants. 3)Endogenous hormone ABA which relevants to aging and death content was higher in SRBSDV infected plants than that in healthy plants.10S' content significantly higher than 1S' and significantly higher than its healthy plants;1S didn't show significant difference with its healthy plants. 4)SRBSDV infection changed plants' IAA/ABA and GA3/ABA balance.Conclusion:SRBSDV stress changed rice endogenous hormone content,but this change was direct infection or indirect damage of the virus still remain elusive.1|7|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Six cultivars,namely:Bima 1,Jinan 2,Taishan 1,Jimai 26,Jimai 38 and Jimai 22 released in the 1950s,1960s,1970s,1980s,1990s and 2000s,were grown under both irrigated and rain-fed conditions in two successive growing seasons from 2010 to 2012.The 1000-grain weight and grain filling characteristics were monitored and compared among cultivars to water conditions.The results indicated that the current cultivar (Jimai 22) was characterized by remarkable increase in 1000-grain weight,grain filling duration,average filling rate,especially grain filling duration and rate during the quickly increasing stage along with the cultivar evolvement.Under rain-fed condition,the 1000-grain weight and the grain filling duration and rate values of all cultivars during the quickly increasing stage were lower than those under irrigated condition.The fact that larger reduction for Jimai 22 compared to other cultivars indicates it is more vulnerable to water deficiency.Therefore,future research should focus on the grain filling characteristics and their adaptation to water deficit during the quickly increasing stage in winter wheat.Keywords：North China Plain;wheat;cultivar evolvement;grain filling characteristics;water deficiency0|6|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Nitrogen and Zinc are important micronutrients for plant growth and development.However,they may pose negative impact on environment if overused.Nitrogen and Zinc may have interaction.Zinc deficiency is relatively universal on farm field in Northern China and especially in winter wheat growing regions.Thus application of zinc fertilizer is crucial for yield improvement.As long as the improvement of the nitrogen use efficiency is concern concerned,more and more studies were focused on the effect of nitrogen and zinc fertilizer on wheat growth and development.But there is rare report on combined application of nitrogen and zinc fertilizers on yield.The current study aimed to improve nitrogen and zinc use efficiency and their effect on grain yield and grain protein content of winter wheat.A wheat cultivar,Yumai 202,was used in the study by a two-factor randomized block design with 3 replicates.There were four levels for nitrogen fertilizer(N):0,90,180 and 270 kg/hm2,and three levels for zinc fertilizer(ZnSO4·7H2O):0,15 and 30 kg/hm2.Compared with single nitrogen use,mixed application of nitrogen and zinc fertilizers can improve nitrogen efficiency in winter wheat during flowering and grain filling period.When the application of single nitrogen fertilizer 90,180,270 kg/hm2 was compared with the combined application of zinc fertilizer 15,30 kg/hm2,the latter could improve 4.8%-14.4% in NRE,1.4-9.8 kg/kg of NUE and 0.6~6.4 kg/kg of NAE respectively.Both the grain and grain protein yield could increase after combined application.The grain yield were highest when mixed 180 kg/hm2 nitrogen with 30 kg/hm2 zinc,and higher grain protein was obtained at combined level of 180 kg/hm2 nitrogen and 15 kg/hm2 zinc.The results show that the combined application of nitrogen and zinc could promote the nitrogen use efficiency, increase wheat yield and improve the grain quality.Keywords：winter wheat;fertilizer;use efficency;grain yield;protein content2|7|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Field experiment was conducted in Wuqiao experimental station,Hebei province in 2011.Four treatments were applied, zero irrigation after sowing (CK),irrigation amount of 30 mm(GS-30),45 mm(GS-45),and 60 mm(GS-60) after sowing.A variety of ZD958 was used to study the effect of sowing irrigation on plant establishment,water consumption and yield of summer maize.It showed that irrigation amount played an important role for the plant establishment,water consumption and grain yield.1)Precipitation conditions in mid- and late of June indicated irrigation was necessary;2)The soil water storage in GS-60 was the highest among treatments,while WUE of CK was the highest and WUE of GS-60 ranked the second.3)Emergence rate of CK plants was significantly lower than other treatments.At 3-leaf stage, biomass per plant of GS-60 was significantly greater than CK,while no significant difference compared with GS-30 and GS-45.In addition,both the biomass per plant and the SPAD of GS-60 were significantly higher than those obtained from other treatments at 6-leaf stage.4)There was a decreased trend for the effects of sowing irrigation amount on LAI and biomass per plant of summer maize when the plants approach mature.5)Grain yield from irrigation treatments was significantly higher than that CK,whereas no significant difference was observed within irrigation treatments.It can be concluded that irrigation after sowing contributed to better emergence and health plant establishment and plant growth at seedling stages,thus was beneficial to grain yield.Moreover,soil water storage was improved by irrigation after sowing.Keywords：summer maize;sowing irrigation;plant establishment;water consumption;grain yield4|7|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：To study the effects of different nitrogen forms on the Photosynthetic characteristics of potato leaves,the photosynthetic pigment contents in leaves at different growth stages were analyzed,and the relationships between chlorophyll fluorescence kinetics parameters and photosynthetic pigment contents were discussed.The results showed that their effects on contents of chlorophyll a,chlorophyll b and carotenoids in leaves were significant during tuber formation stage.However,their effect on the content ratio of chlorophyll a/b was not obvious,and there was no significant difference among different treatments from seedling stage to tuber formation stage.In addition,the regression models of PSⅡ photochemical efficiency and potential activity based on the contents of chlorophyll a,chlorophyll b and carotenoids have higher accuracy,and the determination coefficient of model in each growth stage was higher than 0.865.Thus they can be used to describe the relationship between chlorophyll fluorescence kinetics parameters and photosynthetic pigment contents in leaves.The results provide a scientific basis for nitrogen management in potato.Keywords：potato;nitrogen;photosynthetic pigment;PSⅡ;photochemical efficiency1|7|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：In the study,characters of agronomy,yield,and carbohydrates of sixty sorghum lines belonging to different sorghum types were evaluated,which was used to learn about the different appearance of these sorghum materials in Xinjiang province and oriented energy sorghum breeding in this area.The results showed that growth duration differed significantly (P<0.05) from each other, and sweet sorghum had the longest growth cycle with a mean value of 116.8 d,ranging from 100.5 d to 131.5 d.Agronomy traits analysis found that broom corn group exhibited the largest plant height with a mean value of 275.2 cm and grain sorghum showed the least value (235.6 cm).Comparatively, sweet sorghum had the most elongated internodes (12.6),especially for X054,reached to 15.6.Among these sorghum types, yield components differed from each other significantly.Grain sorghum was demonstrated to poess the highest grain yield (7.9 t/hm2) whereas sweet sorghum and broom corn had more stem yield, which were 10.3 and 10.2 t/hm2 respectively.Among the three sorghum types,sweet sorghum had the largest total biomass yield,which was 25.3 t/hm2,ranging from 18.4 to 31.5 t/hm2,followed by broom corn (23.6 t/hm2) and grain sorghum (20.3 t/hm2).Chemical analysis found that compositions in grain were more stable than other organs and the distinct variance was observed in stem of different sorghum types.Comparatively, sweet sorghum exhibited more total soluble sugar (236.6 g/kg) but less lignocelluloses content,and especially its cellulose content was around 100 g/kg less than other two types of sorghum.Further analysis proved that sweet sorghum and broom corn yielded more carbohydrates (14.2 and 13.8 t/hm2),and cellulose and hemicelluloses accounted for most of the total yield,especially for broom corn with a mean of 65.9%.Generally,sweet sorghum exhibited much more potential in bioenergy than grain sorghum and broom corn.Also,all sorghum types and germplasms were essential materials for energy sorghum breeding in the arid area of Xinjiang province.Keywords：sorghum;biomass yield;carbohydrates;lignin1|6|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：In order to study the effects of different sowing dates on the growth and development,yield formation and water use efficiency (WUE) of pea,the changes of phenology,morphological index,yield formation and WUE of pea under five sowing-date treatments which were April 28(SE),May 8(E),May 18(M),May 28(L) and June 8(SL) were compared using randomized block design based on field experiments in Wuchuan county of Inner Mongolia in 2010.The results showed from the following three aspects.1)The sowing date before June had no significant impact on the length of growing season (120-122 d),but vegetative growing period was prolonged and reproductive growing period was shortened when the sowing date was postponed.Ratio of the reproductive growing period to the whole growing period was reduced,with 40% as the maximum under SE and 22% as the minimum under SL.2)As the sowing date was postponed,plant height and leaf area grew rapidly,sufficient water and heat resources during earlier vegetative growing period could alleviate the insufficient water and heat resources occurring at the later growing period.Aboveground dry matter accumulated rapidly after mid-August,the ratio of stem and leaf to the whole plant increased to 51% and 45% respectively under M,L and SL.3)As the sowing date was postponed,plant water content,yield (fresh and dry) and water use efficiency were increased.The plant water content,fresh yield and dry yield under SE and L were 61.7%,1 280,490 kg/(hm2),and 77.0%,2 700,760 kg/hm2 respectively.When the sowing date was postponed to June 8,fresh and dry grass yield reduced by 200 and 190 kg/hm2 respectively compared to that on May 28,WUE of dry grass reduced to 2.69 kg/(hm2·mm).As green manure crop,the appropriate sowing date of pea in Agro-pastoral Ecotone was recommended to be arranged in late-May,thus both of the yield and water content could be increased.Keywords：pea;sowing date;yield formation;WUE2|7|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：The research was aimed to clarify the relationship between traits of dry matter accumulation and distribution of alfalfa and barley and salt-tolerant mechanism.The traits of dry matter accumulation and distribution of alfalfa and barley in different salinization gradients were studied at one-growing-season under field conditions.A non-salinized plot was used as the control.There were evident differences in the traits of dry matter accumulation and distribution of tissues in alfalfa and barley from the different salinization gradients.1) In agronomic traits,salinization had significant impacts on stem and ear of barley.The change range of G/CK in dry weight of grains per plant,number of grains per ear and plant height were 80.37%-39.44%,87.95%-45.27% and 95.10%-50.70% respectively.However,alfalfa stem was most sensitive to increasing salt stress.The change range of G/CK in plant height and length of main branch and secondary branch was 69.20%-27.60%,70.80%-30.30% and 66.00%-16.50% respectively.2) In dry matter accumulation and distribution,salinization resulted in more distribution of dry matter in root and leavethan stem.The accumulation center of dry matter in two plants was slower in salinization gradients than the CK plant at any growth stage.3) The dry matter distribution ratio of above-ground decreased with salinization gradients,but increasing in root/shoot ratio for both alfalfa and barley.It is evident that both alfalfa and barley adapted to salt stress by distributing more dry matter in root and leave but not in the stem.1|7|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Field sampling surveys and laboratory studies were applied to study the capsule and seed development of Cistanche deserticola.The results showed: 1) The time from flowering to capsule dehiscence of C.deserticola was 35 d.The color of the capsule and seed experienced a white,brown and black change,when the color of the capsule changed from brown to black (30 d after flowering) was the appropriate harvest period of C.deserticola seeds. 2) 30 days after flowering,the length,width,fresh weight and dry weight per capsule of C.deserticola reached the maximum,with value of 17.48 mm,12.33 mm,1.620 g and 0.295 g respectively.The capsule development of C.deserticola can be divided into three periods,the volume increasing stage,internal filling stage and the stable stage. 3) 25 days after flowering,the seed length and width of C.deserticola reached the maximum,1.22 and 0.77 mm.30 days after flowering,the fresh seed weight per capsule reached 0.768 g whereas at day 35 after flowering,the dry seed weight per capsule reached the maximum 0.206 g. 4) 35 days after flowering,both the 1000-grain weight and seed plumpness reached the maximum while the proportion of small seeds (<0.5 mm) decreased the minimum,with value of 0.086 7 g,85.99% and 10.23%,respectively.At day 35 after flowering,the seed germination rate reached the maximum 53.3%.Keywords：Cistanche deserticola;capsule;seed;development0|5|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：A pot experiment was conducted to explore the effect of organic fertilizer on growth of castor bean seedlings under saline sodic soil in a greenhouse.The soil had two different salt concentrations of 0.11% and 0.19%.The used organic fertilizer were vermicompost,bacterial manure and cow dung.on the measured parameters included the morphological trait,physiological indicators and biomass of castor bean seedlings.The result indicated that salt stress inhibited the height,leaf area,dry and fresh weight,and reduced the content of soluble sugar and MAD,the activity of SOD and POD.The organic fertilizer had significant effect on castor bean seedlings.Vermicompost enhanced the height,stalk diameter,leaf area,dry and fresh weight,the activity of enzyme,the content of chlorophyll a,total chlorophyll,carotenoid.Both vermicompost and bacterial manure increased the weight ratio of castor bean root,the content of soluble sugar,soluble protein and MAD.It can be included that organic fertilizer,particularly vermicompost,had more positive effect on the regulation of castor bean seedlings under saline-alkali soil,and benefit for incubating strong castor bean seedlings.The bacterial manure had the similar role in the seedling growth.Keywords：castor bean;salt stress;organic fertilizer;morphological trait;physiological indicators0|7|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：This paper is to review nitrate quick diagnosis methods.There are two nitrate quick diagnosis techniques of ion selective electrode and nitrite test paper.Both methods are different in their theory,accuracy,current problems,accuracy and interference factors.It is difficult for both to reduce the interference.In particular,the ion selective electrode is readily influenced compared with the nitrate test strips.The accuracy and stability of ion selective electrode are thus lower.It is analyzed for the potential of practical application of these methods.Some recommendations are given in future work such as sampling,interference reduction,specific diagnosis system and and cost reduction.Keywords：N;nitrate;quick diagnosis0|7|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：This paper is concerned on the differences in removing Cr and Pb in single and double polluted water with Fe0.The influencing factors and the removal kinetics model were also involved in this co-exsiting system by batch experiment.The data indicated that Cr-Pb was effectively removed from the polluted groundwater by Fe0.The removal proportion was related to the added Fe0 quantity and the initial pH.Generally,the removal efficiency of Cr was higher than that of Pb.The removal proportion of Pb was obviously decreased at the doubly-polluted water.The removal of Cr and Pb could be fit to pseudo-first-order reaction kinetics model in co-exsiting system.The more quantity of added iron and the lower initial pH,the larger rate constants were obtained.The added Fe0 quickly and effectively removed both Cr and Pb from the doubly-polluted groundwater.The removal ratio depended on the added amount of iron and the initial pH.0|9|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Using the seedlings of Malus robusta Rehd,injury index and water culture as experimental materials,the resistance of Malus robusta Rehd to alkalinity and salinity was studied.The results showed that the salinity injury index of Malus robusta Rehd was 51.1 in the stress of 0.4% NaCl in 30 days.According to the evaluation standard of salinity resistance level,Malus robusta Rehd was medium resistance to salinity.The population of Malus robusta Rehd were widely separated.As for the plants of the salinity tolerance,the corresponding percentages of extremely highly resistance,highly resistance,medium resistance,low resistance and extremely low resistance were 20.6%,23.9%,37.0%,12.0% and 6.5% respectively.The alkalinity injury index of Malus robusta Rehd was 16.3 in the stress of pH 9.5 in 30 days.According to the evaluation standard of resistance level,Malus robusta Rehd was extremely highly resistance to alkalinity.The population of Malus robusta Rehd were widely separated.As for the plants of the alkalinity tolerance,the corresponding percentages of extremely highly resistance,highly resistance,medium resistance,low resistance and extremely low resistance were 79.1%,15.3%,4.2%,1.4% and 0% respectively. Malus robusta Rehd is a type of tree species with excellent salinity/alkalinity tolerance.0|6|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：To detect the concentration of fusaric acid in the crude toxin and its harmful effect on the seeds and seedlings,fusaric acid in the crude toxin was extracted from the cucumber seedborne Fusarium isolates with ethyl acetate and diethyl ether,and analysed using the method of high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).The effects of the crude toxin on seed germination and seedlings were examined using the crude toxin to treat cucumber seeds and cucumber seedling roots.Results showed that fusaric acid was detected in all of the crude toxins from the seven seedborne Fusarium isolates (designed SC-CQ-P,HLJ-XC-S,LN-ZN203-S,GD-HY-S,HN-XH-S,LN-ZN6-S and HB-TS-R),and the concentrations of fusaric acid were 3 574.71,866.43,291.10,123.32,856.13,358.27 and 327.71 μg/mL respectively.The crude toxin from all the seven isolates of Fusarium spp.affected cucumber seed germination negatively and caused wilt symptoms on cucumber seedling leaves,and the toxic effect on the seedlings was enhanced with the increase of the toxin concentration and the treatment time.To our knowledge,this is the first report about production of fusaric acid by the seedborne Fusarium species in cucumber and about the negative effect of the crude toxin for the cucumber seedlings in China.1|10|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：This study was to analyze the expressions of Bmp8a and Bmp8b in cultured mouse granulosa cells,for further understanding of the mechanism of follicular development.Twenty-one to twenty-three day-old female mice were hypodermically injected with 10IU of PMSG.After 48 hours,the bilateral ovaries were removed and the granulosa cells were collected by piercing the ovarian follicles.The granulosa cells were seeded in cell culture plates in DMEM/F12 supplemented with 10% FBS.After 5 days,the cells were collected from the wells and total RNA was extracted.The expressions of Bmp8a and Bmp8b were analyzed by RT-PCR and confirmed by sequencing.RT-PCR sequencing results showed that in vitro cultured mouse granulosa cells generated BMP-8a transcript variant 2 and BMP-8b mRNA.And BMP-8a transcript variant 1 mRNA was found to be absent.Our results showed that in vitro cultured mouse granulosa cells could express BMP-8a transcript variant 2 and Bmp8b.Keywords：mice;granulosa cells;Bmp8a;Bmp8b1|6|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：In order to provide theortical bases for the utilization of calcium propionate in ruminant production,eighteen Wagyu Bulls were selected to study the effects of Calcium propionate supplementation on growth and blood parameters of finishing beef cattle fed high level nutrition.The experimental animals were randomly divided into two groups,where 9 heads per group.The experimental group (EG) was supplemented with 200 g/d calcium propionate,while the control group (CG) was fed normally.The results showed that:there was no significant difference on dry matter intake,daily gain and feed conversion rate between EG and CG (P>0.05),however,dry matter intake of EG had increasing tendency compared with the CG in third week and fifth week (P<0.10).Although not statistically significant,feed conversion rate of the test group (11.41) is higher than the control group (12.40).After feeding three hours,the urea nitrogen of EG was significantly higher than CG (P<0.05);EG increased the total protein compared with CG(0.05Keywords：Wagwu;calcium propionate;growth performance;blood parameters1|7|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：An in vitro cumulative gas production trial was conducted to study the effects of tea tree oil,cinnamon oil,and clove bud oil on subsequent 72 h rumen fermentation and methanogenesis at different dose.The results showed that,1) there were no effect on the production of microbial crude protein,but the concentration of ammonia N were decreased with added tea tree oil and cinnamon oil,especially when the cinnamon oil at the dose of 300 or 1 500 mg/L(P<0.05).2) the production of total volatile fatty acid (TVFA) and concentration of propionic acid were decreased by adding 1 000 mg/L tea tree oil or 1500 mg/L cinnamon oil.At dose of 50 and 100 mg/L,the tea tree oil increased the concentration of butyrate acid.The production of iso-butyrate and iso-valerate acid were increasing with 300 and 500 mg/L cinnamon oil.3) At 100 mg/L,tea tree oil and clove bud oil were significant different on the theory maximum gas production compared with the control groups.All treatments tended to decrease the methane concentration (P<0.05).In general,the tea tree oil at the level of 100 mg/L and cinnamon oil at the 100 and 300 mg/L may be allowed to manipulation of rumen microbial fermentation.6|6|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Erythropoietin-Producing Hepatocellular receptor A4(Eph A4) plays a role of regulating embryo implantation in some mammals.In order to investigate Eph A4 effect on swine reproduction performances,mRNA and protein expression of Eph A4 in endometrium of Yorkshire was detected on pregnancy day-13(pre-implantation),day-18(mid-implantation) and day-24(post-implantation).Association of Eph A4 polymorphism with the reproductive traits was assessed by SSCP in 950 sows of seven breeds.Results showed that,mRNA expression intensity on endomtrium attachment sites was higher than any other tissues.There were no significant differences in mRNA expression intensity on pregnancy day 13,18 and 24,however,the mRNA intensity in pregnant sows was significantly lower than in non-pregnant sows(P<0.01).There were significant differences in protein expression among pregnancy day 13,18 and 24 (P<0.05),and it expressed highest on 18 d and lowest on 24 d.Two single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP) loci,EphA4_1 and EphA4_2 in Exon 3 of Eph A4 gene were determined whether Eph A4 polymorphism influenced litter size.At EphA4_1 locus,there was a A/G transition,and the A/G mutation directly caused an amino acid change,from glutamic acid into lysine acid;G allele seemed to have advantageous effects on litter size,and litter size associated with GG was significantly higher than that of AG or AA(P<0.05).At EphA4_2 locus,C allele seemed C allele seemed to have advantageous effects on litter size,and litter size associated with CC was significantly higher than that of TC or TT(P<0.05).In conclusion,Eph A4 expression might play role in the regulation of embryo implantation in pigs,GG genotype at EphA4_1 and CC genotype at EphA4_2 were favorable marker genotypes for litter size.Keywords：pig;Eph A4;embryo implantation;expression;polymorphism;litter size0|6|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Using homologous recombination and negative screening techniques,we constructed ATP/GTP binding protein gene deletion mutant which was named as BDA14 of B. abortus 2308 and studied the biological characteristics,safety,and induced protective immunity by staining and agglutination properties of colonies,passage stability test,mice inoculation assay,and pregnant sheep and goat challenge study.Study results showed that:1) The mutant BDA14 is rough-strain,and the phenotype of BDA14 did not changed after 20 consecutive passages in media;2) the mutant BDA14 was attenuated in virulence compared to its parent strain in mice model,and it did not induce antibodies against O-antigen;3) The mutant BDA14 can confer similar protection against challenges to vaccine strain RB51;4) The safety of BDA14 was significantly improved without induce abortion in pregnant sheep and goat.Therefore,The ATP/GTP binding protein gene deletion mutant BDA14 possess superiority acts as a safe,effective and differential diagnosis vaccine candidate,which is necessary to further study.Keywords：Brucella abortus;ATP/GTP binding protein gene;penotype;virulence;immune efficacy0|6|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：In order to investigate the effect of Pentocin on the shelf life of frankfurters during 4℃ storage,Pentocin LPL1-5 and nisin were added to frankfurters respectively with two values:50 and 500 AU/kg.The treated samples and control one (without any preservative) were examined and analyzed at the interval of 7 days during their 100 days' storage at 4℃.Through the analysis of microbiological,physicochemical and sensory characteristics,the assay showed that Pentocin LPL1-5 could inhibit the growth of lactic acid bacteria,Psychrotrophs,Thermophilic Bacillus and Coliform bacteria significantly,and could improve the physicochemical characteristics and sensory quality of frankfurter.Furthermore,the inhibition ability of Pentocin LPL1-5 was positively relative to its adding value.Pentocin LPL1-5 inhibited bacterial growth more effectively than nisin with the same adding value.Pentocin LPL1-5 of 500 AU/kg could prolong the shelf life of Frankfurters from 2 weeks to 9 weeks during 4℃ storage.The research showed that Pentocin LPL1-5 possessed good potential to be used commercially as natural biological preservative.Keywords：Pentocin;frankfurters;microbiological characteristics;physicochemical characteristics;sensory evaluation;shelf life0|8|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：To achieve non-destructive,rapid inspection method for pork quality and to predict the storage period of pork,Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) was adopted to detect the total number of bacterial colonies presenting on refrigerated and ambient pork.In this study,the near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) of stored pork was measured by using Fourier transform near infrared spectrometer at given time points.The total number of colonies living on pork was determined according to the conventional colony count method.By analyzing the number of bacterial colonies living on pork and the changes of NIRS at given time points,the relationships between them were obtained.A dynamic model based on NIRS and bacterial colonies on pork was established by zero/first order kinetics model and the principle components analysis.These findings would provide a theoretical basis for the application of NIRS in the non-destructive inspection technology of bacterial colonies on pork and optimal storage period of pork.Keywords：pork;storage;near infrared spectroscopy;bacterial colony;dynamic model1|7|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Crucian carp(Carassius cuvieri)is a widely distributed freshwater fish species in China and used as raw material for food production.A considerable amount of crucian carp spoiled due to endogenous enzymes and microbial action each year.Chilled storage,usually refers to store fish at 0-4℃,is a common way of preservation of fish,but this method can keep the freshness of fish only one week.Iced storage can maintain lower temperature and prolong the shelf life of fish.However,few reports could be found about crucian carp stored in ice.The aim of this study was to investigate the quality changes of crucian carp stored at chill temperature(4℃) and in ice(0℃).The fish after death were immediately scaled,gutted,washed and divided into two groups.One stored at chill temperature,the other in ice.During the whole storage,the changes in sensory assessment,K value,total volatile basic nitrogen w(TVB-N),total bacterial count and eight biogenic amines(tryptamine,2-phenylethylamine,putrescine,cadaverine,histamine,tyramine,spermidine and spermine) were monitored every two days.The results showed that:K value,w(TVB-N) and total bacterial count increased with time,and fish stored in ice changed more slowly than that at 4℃.K value increased very quickly in the beginning and got to 61.77% at 4℃ and 34.21% in ice after 6 days.There were no significant difference (P>0.05) between chilled storage and iced storage in w(TVB-N) within 6 days.Throughout the period,w(TVB-N) stayed below 20.00 mg/100 g.The peak value of w(TVB-N) at chill temperature and in ice were 17.49 mg/100 g(on the 12th day) and 18.53 mg/100 g(on the 16th day) respectively.The initial value of total bacterial count was 3.78 log CFU/g,and the value reached to 7.42 log CFU/g and 5.54 log CFU/g respectively after 10 days storage at chill temperature and in ice.During the storage,the content of tryptamine and putrescine changed with time evidently,so they could be used as referential indicators of crucian carp.The preservation life of crucian carp at chill temperature(4℃) and in ice(0℃) was 8 days and 10 days respectively.Iced storage could prolong the preservation life effectively compared to chilled storage.Keywords：crucian carp;biogenic amines;chilled storage;iced storage;chemical analysis4|8|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Lead,cadmium and arsenic concentrations in Lentinus edodes and Pleurotus ostreatus were detected by atomic absorption spectrum and atomic fluorescence spectrum.The average exposure of Beijing residents to above heavy metals by Lentinus edodes and Pleurotus ostreatus was investigated and the corresponding health risks were evaluated.The results show that:1) In Lentinus edodes,heavy metal concentrations were 0.600 mg/kg for Pb,0.287 mg/kg for Cd and 0.102 mg/kg for As.2) In Pleurotus ostreatus,heavy metal concentrations were 0.514 mg/kg for Pb,0.089 mg/kg for Cd and 0.134 mg/kg for As.3) According to the result,for the residents in Beijing,the average exposure of lead,cadmium and arsenic from Lentinus edodes were 0.170-0.219,0.082-0.107 and 0.027-0.042 μg/d and that from Pleurotus ostreatus were 0.173-0.262,0.027-0.050 and 0.041-0.074 μg/d respectively.Lead,cadmium and arsenic concentrations in Lentinus edodes and Pleurotus ostreatus did not exert negative effect on the health of the residents of Beijing.4) Soaking and water blanching could reduce the level of arsenic in Pleurotus ostreatus significantly,but not reduce lead and cadmium in Pleurotus ostreatus, as well as lead,cadmium and arsenic in Lentinus edodes.Keywords：Lentinus edodes;Pleurotus ostreatusi;lead;cadmium;arsenic;quality and safety1|11|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：In order to analyze the internal heat environment of solar greenhouse,the heat transfer theories were used to research the heat convection and radiation transfer in greenhouse at night.The greenhouse internal heat equilibrium model was established.This model could be used to calculate the amount of heat needed in winter greenhouses and to evaluate actual application effect of heating system.The study showed the temperature computed was close to the actual degree measured,which meant the equilibrium model could fit the real.The model also displayed the direction and distribution of the heat flux in the greenhouse,and confirmed the role of the palisade structure on greenhouse heat preservation.Keywords：greenhouse;heat equilibrium model;heat flow;heat input1|7|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：A test-bed of grass seed metering was designed and manufactured for the uniformity of seed distribution research of a plot grass seeder.The seed motion and distribution on distributor cone was modeled basing on the second order ordinary differential equation which according to the force model and numerical solutions that stand for the relative motion track and absolute motion track of the grass seed.The calculation showed that the structure of the distributor cone had influence on the uniformity of seed distribution,which was confirmed by single factor-4 level experiment.The experiment result indicated that the vaviable coefficient of seed dispersible uniformity would be increased as the number of cone's groove increase.Normal probability graph was built with residual error obtained from the experiment data,and it proved that residual of the seeding experiment with cone seed metering obeyed normal distribution.Keywords：seed metering;motion track;distribution uniformity;grass;plot seeding0|6|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Meteorological elements,climate effect and model forecast of haze were studied intensely due to the frequent haze occurrence in Beijing in recent years.Air pollutant is the essential element of haze formation besides meteorological conditions.Local sources with different anthropogenic origins constitute the major parts of the haze pollutants at the respective functional zones.Furthermore,long-range transport,diffusion and interaction of pollutants contribute to regional air pollution among cities and the surrounding areas.In this paper,recent studies were reviewed on the pollution status,chemical characteristics,sources and regional patterns of haze in Beijing.Thereafter,it indicated the important tendencies of haze studies in Beijing.New analytical technology and multidisciplinary researches should be developed to make clear the temp-spatial variation of haze chemical characteristics and the relative contributions of different anthropogenic sources to haze in Beijing.Keywords：Beijing;haze;chemical characteristics;research advances0|6|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：The temporal-spatial distribution of the agro-meteorological disasters were analyzed based on the statistic data of the sowing hectares,disaster types and the disaster-affected agricultural area in Anhui province from 1978 to 2010.Annual case assessments of main agro-meteorological disasters were worked out according to the grey correlation analysis and integrated disaster loss assessment model.The results showed that there was a notable inter-annual fluctuation of the agro-meteorological disasters damage area.The spatial distribution of agro-meteorological disaster was inhomogeneous with its most serious influence on agriculture in Huaibei and southern basin of Yangtze-Huaihe River and the area along the Yangtze River,and slight influence in Dabie Mountain,southern mountainous area of Anhui province and some suburban.The weight coefficient of four types of disasters were in the order of flood,drought,wind-hailstone damage,freezing rain/heavy snow through grey correlation analysis.Both flood and drought were the most serious agro-meteorological disasters.The appearance frequency was 55% for the better annual assessment of agro-meteorological disaster.The lightest disaster occurred in 1981.The appearance frequency was 12% for the poor annual assessment.The most serious one happened in 1991.The results of the analysis almost was accorded with actual agro-meteorological disasters.Keywords：agro-meteorological disasters;grey relation analysis;loss assessment indicator;annual case assessment2|7|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：This paper is reviewed the current research contents about the potential productivity of Chinese arable land.We attempted to sort out the direction and key research content in future..It was found that the urgent requirement was to understand the inner defending mechanisms between the cereal security and the 0.12 billion hectares of basic arable land and their distribution in different regions of China.It was necessary to consider the influence of the climatic changes with land use transfer in regions and farmers on the changes of the potential productivity of Chinese arable land.Keywords：arable land;potential productivity;research progress;enlightenment3|7|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Based on the conceptual description,the research progress of agricultural carbon emissions obtained in the international and domestic extent in recent years was summarized and some shortcomings were pointed out.Generally the viewing angle of research in this area was limited,and the existed literatures had deficiency in the necessary co-ordination of macro system and were failed to discuss the policy effect,as well as the correlative empirical test about the agricultural carbon reduction from a system view.Finally,this paper raised four research perspectives for the future:1) to establish an agricultural carbon emissions calculation system with both superb breadth and accuracy;2) to explore the relationship between spatial and temporal evolution characteristics of the agricultural carbon emissions and economy;3)to analyze the agricultural carbon behavior of farmers in the view of the micro-level;4)to combine technology with economic policy closely to build a policy system of agricultural carbon emission reduction basing on the national situation.Keywords：carbon;carbon emission;field ecosystem;rural environment1|7|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Based on the survey of western rural microfinance farmers,the influencing factors on farmer's credit was analyzed using polytomous logit model in this paper.The result showed:arable land,household appliances value,the total annual household income,loan interest rate,the level of regional economic and institutional service satisfaction significantly affected farmers' credit rating.But,farmer's age,labor size,education level,professional skills,occupation,housing value,loan amount,loan period,loan purpose as well as credit history were not significantly associated with credit rating.In addition,the internal order of a significant factor revealed the differences of the impact on credit rating.The factors that significantly influenced credit should be taken as main factors into consideration and the internal order difference as additional ones for a reasonable credit rating system construction.Keywords：farmers;credit rating;polytomous logit model;influencing factor;significant difference1|6|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：A constant stream of high-profile scandals relating to food safety were revealed these years in China.Food quality and safety have caused consumers' increasingly strong concerns.To safeguard vegetables' safety and quality,traceability systems have been built for the vegetables trade.Utilizing a survey method in Beijing,we investigated consumers' perception and willingness to pay for traceable vegetables(vegetables carrying traceability labels).A binary logistic regression model was used to identify the main factors influencing perceptions and purchasing desires.Consumers were generally concerned about vegetable safety issues and the information about vegetable quality and safety were highly demanded,however the awareness level with regard to vegetable traceability labels was low.Consumers' willingness to pay traceable vegetable was driven diversely by their gender,age,size of family and other factors.Keywords：vegetables;traceability labels;perception;willingness to pay;consumers0|8|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
