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- Abstract：The expression patterns of three genes (AtMES16,AtMES17 and AtMES18) which possess MeIAA esterase activity in the α-β hydrolase super-family of Arabidopsis genome were studied by using GUS report gene driven by promoters from the above three genes,respectively.The results showed that expression pattern of the three genes were similar with higher level in growing leaves,but lower in senescent leaves.On the other hand,the expression level was gradually attenuate from the middle vein to the edge of a leaf.Likewise,the AtIAMT1 showed the same expression pattern as that of the above three genes.Further observation indicated that the expression pattern of AtMES17 and AtIAMT1 were in an independent and synchronous way.Accordingly,it is conceivable that the expression of AtMES17 and IAMT1 should be interacted each other to keep a homeostasis regulation.Keywords：Arabidopsis;IAA;MeIAA esterase;expression pattern2|8|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Selection of high expression genes in UR being potential drought resistant genes was performed in order to study the high expression molecular mechanism in UR.The coding region and promoter sequence of each candidate gene were analyzed to compare differences of the genome in drought-related gene.In this study,eight highly expressed genes in UR were selected in UR according to the previous results.The sequencing results showed that there was no differences among seven of the eight candidate genes,but one gene,OsMIP,had differences with 18 SNPs and one deletion in its promoter region between the LR (Nipponbare and Yuefu) and UR (IRAT109 and Haogelao).It suggested that only minority sequence differences existed in the drought-tolerance related genes which differentially expressed in UR and LR (highly expressed in UR) under the drought stress.Further sequence analysis with 86 varieties from local and abroad identified four haplotypes (H1,H2,H3 and H4) .In the H2 haplotype,eight SNPs and one Indel in OsMIP promoter region were novel in UR.So,these SNPs and deletion may be related to drought tolerance thus may cause the genes expressed differently in UR and LR.Keywords：rice;drought resistance;candidate genes;DNA sequence2|8|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：To study the effects of different fertilization management on net photosynthetic rate of leaf (Pn),leaf area index(LAI) and yield of spring maize (Zea Mays L.),a 19-year long-term fertilization experiment has been conducted in Red Soil Experimental Station Qiyang,China.The fertilization treatments include no fertilizer (CK),application of inorganic fertilizers (NPK),application of organic fertilizer (OM) and combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers (NPKM).The results indicated that,in comparison with NPK treatment,application of OM fertilization could increase Pn at main development stages of spring maize.And application of OM fertilization also increased LAI,aboveground biomass,grains per spike,100-seed weight and harvest index of spring maize,thus increased yield by 333.23%.In comparison with OM treatment,application of NPKM fertilization only improved Pn at seedling stage of spring maize,but did not increased LAI,aboveground biomass and yield significantly.Analysis with soil nutrient status and average yield from 1991 to 2009,long-term combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers is a better fertilization method in this area.Keywords：upland red soil;long-term fertilization;spring maize;photosynthetic characteristics;yield3|8|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Drought stress during early kernel growth and development can induce the kernel abortion and decrease kernel number per ear and then reduce the yield in maize (Zea may L.).In order to clarify the physiological mechanism of drought stress on maize kernel abortion,we conduct this experiment with three water treatments including normal water supply,mild stress and moderate stress using the control pollination technique under precipitation control condition.The results showed that drought stress decreased photosynthetic rate (Pn) and relative chlorophyll content (SPAD),and they returned to normal after water supply.Drought stress reduced plant dry weight,ear dry weight and ear kernel dry weight,and the range of decrease in plant dry weight was obvious compared to ear dry weight and ear kernel dry weight.Drought stress significantly decreased the apical kernel dry weight and volume of complete pollination maize at 12-16 d after pollination (DAP) or 16 DAP,respectively,and finally aborted or grew abnormally,as a result,the dry weight and volume of apical kernel at maturity stage decreased significantly.However,the apical kernel of no-pollination in ear basal position grew normally under drought stress condition,because it prevented the ovary development in ear basal position and ensured the relatively plentiful supply of assimilates for apical kernels.These data indicate that maize kernel growth and development need continuous supply of assimilates at early stage,drought stress increase the probability of developmental failure and abnormal growth of the apical kernels by reducing assimilates generation,the shortage of assimilates supply may be the fundamental reason of kernel abortion and kernel abnormal growth.Keywords：maize;drought stress;kernel abortion;photosynthetic characteristics;control pollination2|8|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：To address the problems of gradually shallow plough layer and low soil productivity resulted from continuous rotary tillage in high yield region in North China Plain,a field experiment was conducted to determine the effects of different tillage treatments on soil water,temperature changes and spring corn yield.The results showed that:1) Different tillage treatments greatly affected soil water storage.Deep rotary sub-soiling treatments easily lost soil water at early stage.Furthermore,the deep treatments facilitated precipitation infiltration and water storage in the soil during the experiment period,and this phenomenon appeared more prominent during the period of drought.During the spring corn silking stage,the level of soil water storage for deep rotary sub-soiling treatments was significantly higher than those of rotary tillage and interval sub-soiling treatment.It was found that the soil water storage in 0-50 cm soil layer for deep rotary sub-soiling 50 cm was higher than those of rotary tillage and interval sub-soiling by 37.67 and 26.41 mm respectively,which improved by 60.57% and 35.96%.Soil tillage combined with film mulch reduced soil water evaporation loss and improved soil water storage.For the treatment of deep rotary sub-soiling 30 cm plus film mulch,the soil water storage in 0-30 and 0-50 cm soil layer was increased by 18.18 and 24.67 mm when compared with that of treatment with deep rotary sub-soiling 30 cm,which equaled improvement of 35.26% and 24.64%,respectively;2) The effect of Simple tillage treatment on soil temperature was not obvious.Deep rotary sub-soiling +film mulch improved soil temperature,thus prolonged the growth period and grouting process,which boosted spring corn yield;3) Different tillage treatments affected soil water and temperature,thus further influenced the spring corn phenology,LAI,matter production,grouting process and yield.It was identified that the spring corn yield for the deep rotary sub-soiling treatment was significantly higher than those of rotary tillage and interval sub-soiling.The spring corn yield for deep rotary sub-soiling 50 cm+film mulch was 12 698.93 kg/hm2 which equaled 27.45% improvement to that of the conventional rotary tillage.In a summary,based on the current study,it is concluded that the most suitable tillage method in future is deep rotary sub-soiling combined with film mulch in this area.Keywords：soil;tillage methods;spring corn;yield2|10|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：In order to investigate distribution rule of wind-sand flow over farmland covered by crop residuals,a moveable wind tunnel for aeolation was employed to carry out the field test both on autumn tillage field and crop residual stubble coverage fields.The results showed that field sediment transport amount on farmland covered by crop residuals increased with the increasing of wind speed and height from field surface,the more the stubble coverage,the less the sediment transport amount.The configuration of wind-sand flow was mainly occurred within the height of stubbles and the sediment discharge accounted for 86% of the total amount within the height of 300 mm from the earth's surface,The farmland covered by crop residuals has better interception effect if its cover degree exceeds 65% at high wind speed.Keywords：wind-sand flow;crop residual stubble;moveable wind tunnel;sediment transport amount;relative interception rate0|8|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Citrullus lanatus Thunb.was used for studying the effect of root restriction to the fruit quality.Root restriction increased the photosynthetic rate at the fruit rapid-expanding stage and improved fruit quality,in terms of soluble solid content,juice yield,content of Vitamin c and flavonoid.The content of organic acid (oxalic acid,citric acid and malic acid) and polyphenol (catechin and chlorogenic acid) of root restriction increased significantly.There was no significantly difference in fruit development,longitudinal diameter,mean fruit weight,content of titrable acids and lycopene between non-root restriction and root restriction.Keywords：fruit quality;root restriction;watermelon;organic acid;phenolic compounds;photosynthesis0|8|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：In order to investigate the relationship between beta-glucosidase genes and grape berry maturation,we identified three beta-glucosidase genes from NCBI named as VvBG1,VvBG2 and VvBG3 and then analyzed their expression.The results showed that three genes were all expressed during grape berry ripening.In peel,the expression of VvBG1 changed smoothly along with berry ripening,while the expression of VvBG2 was slightly low at véraison,then increased gradually and reached the maximum at full ripening stage.However,the expression of VvBG3 increased at first,then decreased and had a transient expression peak at véraison.In pulp,expression patterns of VvBG1 and VvBG2 displayed similar trends with VvBG2 and VvBG3 in peel.The VvBG3 expressed relatively low at véraison,with the expression peak at full ripening stage.In seed,the expression of VvBG1 was highest at pre-véraison,then decreased rapidly.The expression of VvBG2 rose continuously during grape maturation,while the VvBG3 gene had a small expression peak at véraison,then reduced to the lowest at the stage of full ripening.In summary,the expression patterns and levels of the three beta-glucosidase genes performed differently during grape maturation.Among them,the trends of VvBG3 in peel and VvBG2 in pulp were in consistent with the change of ABA,which might indicate that the two genes played a role in regulating ABA content during grape berry ripening.Keywords：grape;regulation of ABA content;beta-glucosidase genes0|8|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：The flavonol synthase gene is an important gene involved in the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway.A full-length cDNA sequence of FLS gene,PaFLS (GenBank accessionn number:JQ289290),was cloned from the young leaves of Prunus avium L.by using RT-PCR and RACE method.The full-length cDNA of PaFLS was 1 077 bp with an open reading frame of 1 014 bp,which encoded a putative protein of 337 amino acids with a molecular weight of about 38 kDa and an isoelectric point of 5.58.GenBank conserved domain search and function analysis revealed that PaFLS belonged to the 2-oxoglutarate iron-dependent oxygenase (2OG-FeII_Oxy) family.Sequence analysis showed that the homologies of FLS protein from P.avium with Malus domestica,Pyrus communis and Fragaria ananassa were 99%,97% and 77%,respectively.The prokaryotic expression system of pGEX-4T-1/PaFLS was constructed and transformed into E.coli BL21.The protein expression was induced by 0.5 mmol/L IPTG.A 65 kDa fusion protein was detected by SDS-PAGE.The expression levels of PaFLS in different tissues of plants were analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR.Higher level of transcription was observed in the flowers than that in the fruits,pholems and leaves,which might be associated with pollinator attraction and pollen germination.0|7|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：To explore the effects of different temperatures in a solar greenhouse on the sexual organ development and fertilization of sweet cherry,the differentiation of flower bud,development of male-female gametophyte and fertilization process under different temperature conditions were investigated by using 6-year-old Zhuangyuan grooved in solar greenhouse through the paraffin-cut section method and fluorescence microscopy photography.The results indicated that the morpho-differentiation of flower bud in a solar greenhouse started at the beginning of core-hardening stage.In the high temperature area,the time of differentiation was reduced.The development of inflorescence roughly corresponded to each other.The formation of single flower needed about 45 d.But all these parameters were opposite in low temperature area.The single flower development would take about 75d.The duration of secondary sporogenous cell division and microspore mother cell was shortened.The formation of male gametophyte was fast and uniformly,but opposite at low temperature area.The time from sporogenous cell to female gametophyte needed for 14 days at high temperature,but 20 days at low temperature.The embryo development in high or low temperature area was similar.However,the time from pollination to fertilization was extended to 120 h,36 h longer,in the high temperature area.It can be thus concluded the temperature in a solar greenhouse affected the reproductive growth of sweet cherry.High temperature could make the differentiation of flower bud start early,reduce the duration of both morpho-differentiation of flower bud and the male-female gametophyte development but slow the process of fertilization.Keywords：sweet cherry;solar greenhouse;flower bud differentiation;fertilization1|9|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：In order to breed new cultivars by using wild lily,interspecific crosses were made between Lilium concolor var. pulchellum and Asiatic lily,and the cross compatibilities were evaluated.L.concolor var. pulchellum and Asiatic lily were served as the experimental materials.The used three different pollination methods were conventional stigma pollination,cut-style method and KCl treatment .The main results were obtained as following.1) Cutting-style method effectively overcame fertilization barrier when L.concolor var. pulchellum was used as the male parent.The highest rate of swelling capsules was 100%in the combinations of ‘Navona’×L.concolor var. pulchellum,‘Lollypop’×L.concolor var. pulchellum,‘Apricot pixels’× L.concolor var. pulchellum and ‘Pollyanna’ ×L.concolor var. pulchellum.The embryo rate were improved by 5.9% and 14.8%,respectively,in the combinations ‘Loroto’× L.concolor var. pulchellum and ‘Prato’× L.concolor var. pulchellum.2) KCl treatment had not positive effect on the fertilization barrier between Lilium concolor var.buschianim and Asiatic lily.3) There existed unilateral incongruity between L.concolor var. pulchellum and Asiatic lily.L.concolor var. pulchellum was suitable for male parent.When the male parent’s stigma length was shorter than the female parent’s,crossing barrier could overcome by using cutting-style method.The rate of swelling capsules could be thus dramatically improved.1|8|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：The sex pheromone components from C.chinensis were identified to provide a basis for further development of sex attractant.In this paper,cuticular extracts were prepared by using hexane as solvent from winterform C.chinensis male and female adults,respectively.The effects of the extracts on the selective response of winterform males and females were tested in detail with a Y-tube olfactometer.The components of the extracts were analyzed and identified by GC-MS.The results showed that female extracts were attractive to male adults of C.chinensis (df=1,P=0.016),but male extracts were not.The male and female extracts didn't attract females as well,which indicated that female extracts could contain volatile sex pheromone released by female adults.Based on GC-MS data of authentic standards,the contents of 13-methylheptacosane and 2-methylheptacosane in female extracts were more than that in male extracts.There was a peak of the female extracts at the retention time of 23.136 min,but none peak on that of male.The cureent results suggested that these compounds might be the sex pheromone active components from the winterform female adults of C.chinensis.Keywords：Cacopsylla chinensis;sex pheromone;Y-tube olfactometer;behavior response;GC-MS0|8|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：In order to study the seedborne Fusarium species and their harmness of cucumber seeds of popularly planted varieties,cucumber seeds of twenty-one varieties from cucumber-growing regions in China were collected for Fusarium detection.Nine Fusarium isolates were isolated from seed embryos and seed surface.The isolates were identified using morphology and DNA sequencing analysis.Effects on seed germination and pathogenicity of these Fusarium isolates were determined.Results showed that the nine Fusarium isolates belong to three species,i.e.Fusarium oxysporum (4 isolates),F.moniliforme (4 isolates) and F.prolifertum (1 isolate).The four F.oxysporum isolates had significant effect on seed germination,compared to the control treatment.The values of the germination index,the seedling vigor index,root length and fresh weight of seedlings decreased significantly in the treatment of F.oxysporum.Results also showed that the isolates of F.oxysporum were pathogenic to seedlings of cucumber and caused typical wilt symptoms on leaves,fulfilling Koch's postulates.All the other five isolates of Fusarium had suppressive effect on seed germination of cucumber,but they were not pathogenic to cucumber seedlings.To our knowledge,this is the first report of the seedborne F.oxysporum pathogenic to cucumber seedlings in China.0|7|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：In order to evaluate the resistance of Dayecaoying to crown gall disease,pot seedlings were used as test materials via artificial inoculation,mainly to A.tumefaciens Conn and A.rhizogenes Conn.The results showed that Dayecaoying was excellent germplasm resource resisting to crown gall disease.At 60 days after inoculation,the disease index of Dayecaoying to A.tumefaciens Conn was 23.65,while it was 18.63 to A.rhizogenes Conn.According to the resistance evaluation standard to Crown gall disease,it moderately resisted to A.tumefaciens Conn and was separated into 5 types of disease resistance,including being immune,highly resistant,moderately resistant,low resistant and susceptible with corresponding percentages of 32.69%,31.73%,24.04%,7.69% and 3.85% respectively.And it was highly resisted to A.rhizogenes Conn and was divided into 3 types of disease resistance according to the evaluation standard with corresponding percentages of 16.67 %,73.53% and 9.80% respectively.0|7|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：To study the relationship between the seed yield of Cistanche deserticola and the age of Haloxylon ammodendron,three to six years old H.ammodendron parasitized by C.deserticola were selected and the seed yield,the yield components of C.deserticola were measured.The results showed that:(1) The base diameter,the height and crown of H.ammodendron,the base diameter and inflorescence length of C.deserticola,total number of capsules,number of effective capsules,single capsule weight and seed yield per plant were interrelated significantly with the age of H.ammodendron and the correlation coefficients were above 0.93;(2) compared with the control and the growth of H.ammodendron (from three years to six years old),the seed yield per plant increased 2-5 times,the proportion of the seed diameter declined less than 0.5 mm,and the seed diameter increased around 0.5 to 0.7 mm;(3) the base diameter and inflorescence length of C.deserticola,the total number of capsules,the number of effective capsules,the single capsule weight and the seed yield per H.ammodendron plant of five years old and above parasitized by C.deserticola were increased more than 21.72 mm,30.8 cm,143,128 and 11.810 g respectively.Therefore,H.ammodendron with five years old and above could be used as the host plants of C.deserticola for seed production.Keywords：Haloxylon ammodendron;Cistanche deserticola;seed yield0|8|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：The changes of biological activity during different place aging were studied using flue-cured tobacco leaves as the experimental materials.The results showed that during different place aging the amount of microorganisms and enzyme activity of flue-cured tobacco leaves grew rapidly during the early period of aging,but gradually reduced along with the aging.The amount of microorganisms on central flue-cured tobacco leaves was generally higher than those from the upper and bottom flue-cured tobacco leaves.The activity of protease in central flue-cured tobacco leaves was also detected, but no activity was identified from the upper and bottom flue-cured tobacco leaves.The order for the activity of cellulase and amylase was central>upper>bottom flue-cured tobacco leaves,while the order for the activity of sucrase was bottom>central>upper flue-cured tobacco leaves.It was found that the biological activity of the same degree flue-cured tobacco leaves in the Xichang tobacco leaves warehouse was higher than that of the Chengdu tobacco leaves warehouse.Keywords：flue-cured tobacco leaves;aging;microorganism;enzyme;biological activity2|8|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：In order to investigate the effects of steam explosion on the physical and chemical properties of tobacco leaf,the content of lignocellulose and neutral aromatic components,and microscopic structure of tobacco leaf exploded were studied under different pressure conditions.The results showed from four aspects as below.Firstly,there was an obvious decline of content of semi-cellulose and cellulose,and under 0.6 MPa,the decline percentages were 49.26% and 18.37% separately,and there was a decrease-then-increase trend of lignin changed with different explosion pressures.Secondly,a lot of small molecule aromatic components were stimulated by low pressure (not passing 0.2 MPa),and except (E)-Geranylacetone,there was a significant difference compared with the blank sample,but under high pressure (passing 0.2 MPa),the neutral aromatic components were damaged heavily.Thirdly,as the pre-substance of many aromatic components,neophytadiene decreased by 57.58% under 0.6 MPa and part of it was transformed to other small aromatic components.Fourthly,after explosion,the microscopic structure of tobacco leaf changed more drastically with the higher pressure.The conclusion was that under low pressure (not passing 0.2 MPa),the offensive taste disappeared and lignocellulose decreased lot,small aromatic components were stimulated,and microscopic structure of tobacco leaf changed evidently.Keywords：tobacco leaf;steam explosion;lignocellulose;neutral aromatic component;microscopic structure1|8|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Growing degree-day (GDD) is an important indicator for assessing regional heat resources and timing phenol-stage process,and correct GDD calculation is the basis of water and fertilizer management in agricultural production and accurate simulation and prediction of crop growth and development in crop models.In this paper,two daily average temperature methods of calculating GDD based on assumption of optimized response of growth and development to temperature (OR assumption) and daily extreme temperatures was reviewed,and a growing degree-hour (GDH) method of calculating growing degree-days was introduced.Hourly temperature was estimated by diurnal temperature curve simulated by sine wave based on extreme temperatures.Theoretical argument showed that daily average temperature method may result in an over- or under-estimated GDD,and daily extreme temperatures method may result in an over-estimated GDD;Case study showed the GDH method had the smallest error comparing with the true GDD in three methods.To calculate accurately GDD,GDH method is recommended strongly when GDD is calculated by extreme temperatures based on OR assumption.Keywords：growing degree-day;OR assumption;sine wave simulation;diurnal temperature variation;growing degree-hour0|8|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：This experiment aimed to investigate effect of steam-flaked corn and extruded soybean meal on the growth and slaughter performance of calves.In this experiment,thirty-nine 3-day Holstein bull calves fed colostrums were randomly divided into three groups with 13 calves for each group,including milk replacer group (group Ⅰ),50% of milk replacer and concentrate group (group Ⅱ),and concentrate group (group Ⅲ).The calves of three groups were fed milk at first 30 days,then gradually replaced by the experimental diets.After 150 days,all calves were slaughtered to evaluate the slaughter traits.Data were analyzed using the SAS8.0.The result showed that the average daily gain of group Ⅰ was significantly higher than that of group Ⅱ and group Ⅲ(P＜0.01)during 31-90 days,but with the increasing of age,the average daily gain of group Ⅱ and group Ⅲ were gradually approaching group Ⅰ and eventually exceeded group Ⅰ.The calves weight of group Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ was 230.18 kg,225.10 kg and 229.45 kg respectively after 150 days,and there was no significant difference for the three groups(P＞0.05).For slaughter performance,group Ⅲ had no difference with group Ⅰ(P＞0.05),and for the body weight at slaughter and the loin eye area in group Ⅲ tended to be higher than group Ⅰ(P＜0.1).Feed cost estimating showed that feeding concentrate meal could reduce feed cost significantly(P＜0.01).In summary,the concentrate meal which include steam-flaked corn and extruded soybean could be used as the milk replacer and got better loin eye area and lower production cost notably.Keywords：dairy bull calves;steam-flaked corn;extruded soybean;growth performance;slaughter traits0|8|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
Effects of dietary conjugated linoleic acid on cell immunity response of piglets after CsA injection
Abstract：The present experiment was conducted to investigate effects of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) on cell immunity response of piglets after Cyclosporin A (CsA) injection.The experiment design was a 2×2 factrial design,and the main factors consisted of diets (2% CLA or 2% soybean oil)and immunosuppression treatment(CsA or saline injection).Fourty-eight weaned piglets at 21days were randomly allocated into four experimental groups.The experimental period was 42 days.CsA injection significantly increased Feed/Gain (F∶G) of piglets(P<0.05),however dietary CLA significantly decreased F∶G of piglets(P<0.05),moreover CLA diets ameliorated the increase of F∶G resulted from CsA injection (P<0.01).CsA-treatment significantly decreased the percentage of CD4+ and CD8+T lymphocytes in thymus (P<0.01).2% CLA diets resulted in higher percentage of CD4+ CD8+ doublepositive and CD8+ siglepositive T lymphocytes in thymus(P<0.05),and decrement of CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes of thymus resulted from CsA injection was lesser in piglets fed the CLA diet compared with those fed basal diets(P<0.01).CsA-treatment significantly depleted the number of CD3+, CD4+ and CD8+T lymphocytes of peripheral blood.Whether with CsA injection or not,dietary CLA significantly increased CD8+ T lymphocyte subpopulations of peripheral blood and IL-2 production(P<0.05).The decrement of CD3+ ,CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocyte of peripheral blood and IL-2 production was notably suppressed in piglets fed the CLA diet(P<0.01).Without CsA injection treatment,dietary CLA didn't influence lymphocyte proliferation of peripheral blood(P>0.05),but notably suppressed the decrease of lymphocyte proliferation resulted from CsA injection(P<0.05).Dietary CLA effectively ameliorated cell immunosuppression resulted from CsA injection.Keywords：piglets;CLA;CsA;cell immune response0|8|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27- Abstract：In the present study,the immunohistochemical PV-9000 2-steps method and DAB staining technology were used to investigate the localization of kisspeptin in the hypothalamus and hypophysis of the adolescent female Wanxi white geese.The results showed that the Kisspeptin-immunopositive neurons were mainly distributed in the posteromedial nucleus,periventvicularis arcuates nucleus and paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus,and different Kisspeptin-immunopositive cells could also be detected in the periventricularis areas and rotrolateralis area of the hypothalamus.In addition,weak Kisspeptin-immunopositive products were also found in the anterior pituitary,but no positive-expreesion in the neurohypophysis could found.So Kisspeptin was both presented in the hypothalamus and pituitary glands of the adolescent female Wanxi white geese,which suggested that Kisspeptin may play a crucial role in the control of gonadotropic hormone secretion and gonadal function,and it may also be essential for the initiation of puberty.Keywords：Kisspeptin;Wanxi white geese;puberty;hypothalamus;hypophysis0|8|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：In order to discover the mechanism of cold stress and identify differentially expressed genes in hypothalamus during cold stress,Huainan partridge chickens with 28 days,the Chinese indigenous breed,were selected for 24 hours cold stress and then hypothalamus was isolated and labeled by reverse transcription reaction for cDNA.The labeled cDNA was hybridized with cDNA microarray for scanning and image processing.The different gene expression profiling of hypothalamus was investigated from Huainan partridge chicken including 334 down-regulated genes and 543 up-regulated genes.As for these differentially regulated genes,HAAO,CHRNA9 and STAM2,etc.,which were involved in carbohydrate metabolism enzymes and signal transduction adapter,were significantly down-regulated,while genes like CCK,NPY and its receptor,CAMK2A,SST and TRH were significantly up-regulated.Through pathway analysis using Gene Ontology (GO),and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Gene and Genomics (KEGG),during 24 hours cold stress,the neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction was firstly initiated in chickens for stimulation of central nerves for feed intake.Adipocytokine signaling pathway was also in high activation for supplementation of body energy.Jak-STAT,Ca2+ signaling pathway and other biological reactions were also initiated in response to cold stress.The biological pathway analysis for cold stress would provide important information for clarifying the mechanism of cold stress and the differentially expressed genes would give much help for screening of candidate genes in breeding of cold stress resistant species.Keywords：Huainan partridge chicken;cold stress;hypothalamus;gene expression3|7|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：The aim of this study was to reveal the tissue structure characters of the ovary in ostrich chicks.Healthy 90-day-old ostrich chicks were used in this study.This study was based on the anatomy traits,microstructure and ultrastructure of the ovary in ostrich chicks under both histochemical and transmission electron microscopical methods.The results showed that the ovary of ostrich chicks contained primordial follicles,primary follicles and secondary follicles,but no mature follicles.The oocytes in every grade of follicle were large,with an obvious nuclear pore and a heterochromatin mitochondria,centriole,etc.Some unique ultrastructural characteristics were observed in the secondary follicle,such as the cortical granule,which was located in cytoplasm beside the nucleus appeared first in the oocyte.Zona radiata appeared,and formed an obvious vitelline membrane.Additionally,our results showed that there were intraovarian rete,connecting rete,and extraovarian rete in the ovaries of ostrich chicks.Basophilic staining was observed with increasing amount from intraovarian rete to connecting rete,to extraobarian rete.These results indicated that the cellular organs in the cytoplasm of the secondary follicle are much more plentiful than the primary ovarian follicle,especially for the amount of tubiform cristal mitochondrion.Besides,there were rete ovarii in the ovary of the ostrich chicks.Keywords：ostrich chicks;ovary;microstructure;ultrastructure2|8|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：In order to evaluate potential nitrogen additives effect of composting from biogas slurry and develop the relevant treatment technology,changes of major enzyme actives and physicochemical indexes in biogas slurry and leaf composting were investigated with cattle manure and leaf compost as control.Result showed that the duration of thermophilic phase over 50 ℃ was 35 days for the biogas compost,which was 8 days longer than that of cattle manure compost.In the meantime,the β-glucosidase activity and alkaline phosphomonoesterase activity for biogas slurry compost have been reduced all the way,with the Schwellenwert of 25.9 U/mL at day 30 and 0.15 U/mL at day 45.The urease activity for the biogas slurry compost was increased initially with a crest value of NH3-N 4.2 mg/(g·24 h)at day 6,then decreased with a Schwellenwert of NH3-N 1.02 mg/(g·24 h)at day 45 .The changes for cattle manure compost were different.Its β-glucosidase activity,alkaline phosphomonoesterase activity and urease activity were enhanced at first with a maximum level at day 6,the crest values were 44.2 U/mL,2.93 mg/(g·24 h),0.72 U/mL respectively,then decreased.The process duration for biogas slurry compost maturity were shorter since decomposition of its organic matter were exuberant.Keywords：biogas slurry;cattle manure;compost;enzyme activity;process compost2|12|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：In order to obtain the broad bean peptides wine,broad bean protein was hydrolyzed by alkaline protease and then was alcoholically fermented in this experiment.The preparation technology of broad bean peptides wine was investigated.The result showed that the optimum conditions for the protein hydrolysates of broad bean were broad bean protein concentration 32 g/L,enzymatic hydrolysis temperature 43.2 ℃,dosage of enzyme 9 821.12 U/g and pH value 9.50,under which the degree of hydrolysis was 19.64%.The fermentation condition of broad bean peptides wine was 200 g/L sugar,0.22% yeast quantity,and 28 ℃ for 6 days.The alcohol content of broad bean peptides wine is 9.6%.In order to mitigate the bitterness of the original wine,1.5 g/L Citric acid,70 g/L sugar and 6 g/L β-CD were added and the final product had a good mouth feel.Keywords：broad bean;protein;hydrolysis;fermentation;peptides wine0|8|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：A thermophilic Streptomyces strain capable of secreting thermostable chitinase was isolated from soil sample,and its fermentation conditions for chitinase production were optimized.The strain was identified as Streptomyces thermoviolaceus based on its biochemical characteristics and 16S rDNA sequence.After optimizing its fermentation medium and fermentation conditions,the optimal medium was obtained as:colloidal chitin 5 g/L,chitin powder 10 g/L,yeast extracts 1.25 g/L,soybean power 3.75 g/L,Tween 20 4 g/L,and the optimum fermentation condition was 45 ℃ and cultured for 60 h with 5% of inoculation.Under the optimized fermentation conditions,the highest chitinase activity of 5.5 U/mL was achieved,which is 4.2-fold of the initial chitinase porduction.The relative high enzyme activity was helpful for further study on the purification and characterization of chitinase from this strain.Keywords：Streptomyces thermoviolaceus;identification;chitinase;optimization2|8|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：This paper described the effect of upper initial moisture content on water infiltration of the finger flow.The results showe that there was a higher logarithmic correlation between the turning time of wetting front reaching to the finger flow layer with the initial moisture content of the upper soil.Both models of piecewise function and the continuous function could be used to fit the relationship between cumulative-infiltration and time.It was found that the accuracy of Piecewise function model was higher.Since this model is discontinuous on the subsection,it was inconsistent with the water infiltration in the layered structure of soil.With infiltration duration,the simulated values of the continuous function model was closer to the measured ones.The continuous function model was in consistent with the water infiltration in the layered structure of soil and suitable to simulate the long-term infiltration process.Keywords：soil;upper initial moisture content;finger flow;preferential flow;infiltration0|8|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：In order to discuss the soil water infiltration characteristics of deep pit infiltration irrigation with double irrigators,soil moisture movement model under the condition of double emitters of deep pit infiltration was built with Hydrus-2D software,And the model parameters were calculated by analyzing and comparing with the mechanism test.The results show that:the errors between simulation results and experiment results are 1.28%,3.73% and 4.04% respectively in horizontal,vertical upward and vertical downward direction of wetting front,and the average error between simulation results and measured results is 9.1% in soil moisture content of observation points,which proved the model has higher precision on simulating wetting front and soil moisture content.Thus,the rationality of the model was corroborated.Moreover,based on the above works,the soil moisture dynamic change regulation of the intersection infiltration of deep pit with double irrigators under the conditions of different infiltration time was obtained by using the model proved above.It is found that the soil water movement speed slow down gradually with the increase of the infiltration time.Keywords：soil;deep pit infiltration irrigation;double irrigators;Hydrus-2D;infiltration5|8|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：This study is concerned on the development of a new approach for resource utilization of municipal sewage sludge.The oven-dried municipal sewage sludge was pyrolized under 200,300,500 and 700 ℃.The product of biochar was analyzed for the form and concentration of heavy metals.The objective was to investigate the influence of pyrolysis temperature on the form and concentration of heavy metals in the biochar.The results showed that the pyrolysis treatment influenced not only the concentration,but the form of heavy metals in the biochar as well.The total heavy metals in the biochar increased with increasing pyrolysis temperature.Low temperature of 200 ℃ could result in complete ventilation of Hg,enhancing acid-extractable As,Cd,Mn and Zn.However,when the temperature was higher than 300 ℃,the proportion of residual heavy metals increased largely,usually up to 50% of the total.The proportions of oxidable,reducible and acid-extractable heavy metals increased with increasing pyrolysis temperature.It is evident that pyrolysis treatment of municipal sewage sludge reduces the bioavailability of heavy metals though enhances the concentration.Keywords：municipal sewage sludge;pyrolysis;biochar;heavy metals1|10|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：In order to measure and analyze runoff and sediment loads on undisturbed lands for estimation of increased sediment loads on a mine wastes as well as on disturbed land and unpaved roads,a field rainfall experiment in Shenfu Dongsheng coal field was conducted.Results indicated that the variations of sediment yield appeared in three types,that is,smooth,unimodal,and multimodal types.The relationships between runoff generation time and rainfall intensity,sediment yield and rainfall intensity and sediment yield and slope could be described with power function;the changes of runoff velocity and depth with rainfall intensity followed exponential function;and the runoff yield with rainfall intensity,sediment and runoff yield were accorded with linear relationship.Keywords：Shendong coalfield;undisturbed lands;field rainfall experiment;runoff yield;sediment yield2|8|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Based on the sample survey data of 133 peasant households of four administrative villages in two county-level cities in the saline costal region of Jiangsu Province,authors analyzed the influencing factors of peasant households' behavior in selecting improving technology from four aspects,household characteristics,family characteristics,policy guidance and social environment.By a self-developed estimation model,the logistic regression metric model,specifying relationship between peasant households' inclination and independent variables.The research indicated that biochemistry improving technology represented by straw returning was relatively popular in Dafeng and Dongtai.Peasant households with larger agricultural population and more agricultural income were more willing to improving technology for treating saline-alkali land.Moreover,non-agricultural employment also had some impacts on peasant households' behavioral decision.Agricultural policies like subsidies,agricultural insurance and loan had limited influences on selection of improving technology.Additionally,the factors influencing Dongtai and Dafeng's peasant households' inclination to improving technology for treating saline-alkali land were similar,except for several factors slightly different in influencing directions and impact significance.Keywords：saline-alkali land;improving technology;inclination;peasant household;logistic model1|7|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：According to the data characteristics of rice prices for Zaoxian,Wanxian and Northeast,the data for each variety of rice was broken down into the component of season,trend,cycle,and random by the method of X-12 and H-P filtering model.It was found that random factor influenced the price in most years less the impact of Zaoxian rice、Wanxian rice and Northeast prices,deterministic trend is dominated by abnormal price fluctuations less.In addition,the Zaoxian rice and Wanxian rice price since 2000 experienced a total of three complete cycles,average cycle length of 39 months,Northeast rice prices have gone through two complete cycles,the average price cycle length of 47 months,and in 2011 in the second half of the change in phase of a cycle.Keywords：rice;price;random shock;abnormality;estimation0|8|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：The current development situations of the pesticide formulations processing industry in China are briefly introduced,including the green pesticide formulations and additives,the research methods and means of the stability of pesticide formulations,the professional and personnel in pesticide formulations processing,as well as the prospect of pesticide formulations processing industry in China.It was found that the promotion of water-based formulations including suspension concentrate,emulsion in water,microcapsules,seed coating,as well as the use of adjuvants such as poly-carboxylate dispersants,green solvent,organosilicon,made significant contributions to the development of pesticide formulation processing industry in China.The theoretical research of pesticide formulation processing becomes more deeply along with the appearance of advanced instruments such as laser Mastersizer,potential instrument,rheometer,and so on,which develops towards to the microscopic,quantitative and accurate directions.Lots of universities,research institutes,as well as pesticide enterprises paid more attention on the development of pesticide formulation processing profession and training of professionals because of the demand for improvement of pesticide products and the requirements for usability.In the future,due to the energy exhaustion and the strengthening of people's environmental protection consciousness,pesticide formulation processing will play a more important role in the sustainable development of pesticide industry,the ecological environment protection,as well as the construction of economical society,which has broad prospects for development.Keywords：pesticide;formulations processing;microcapsules;seed coating;green solvent2|9|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
