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- Abstract：Wheat leaf rust resistance gene LrAlt was identified in spelt wheat (Triticum spelta L.) accession Altgold and located on the distal part of the short arm of wheat chromosome 2A.Comparative genomics analysis showed that the genomic region containing LrAlt on 2AS was orthologous to Brachypodium (Brachypodium distachyon) chromosome 5 and rice (Oryza sativa L.) chromosome 4.Based on wheat-Brachypodium-rice genomic colinearity,EST-STS markers,BE498683,BE471132.1,BG605273,and CD454629 were linked to LrAlt.These four EST-STS markers cosegregating with Xbarc212 were proximal to LrAlt with a genetic distance of 1.9 cM.According to Graingenes 2.0,additional SSRs neighbouring the locus LrAlt were tested.Xbarc124 and Xgwm614 were confirmed to be linked to LrAlt,both of which were congregated with Xbarc212.By comparative genomics analysis and screening of SSRs,9 markers linked to LrAlt were established,which provide invaluable information for fine mapping,molecular assisted selection,and gene pyramiding of LrAlt.Keywords：wheat leaf rust;LrAlt;comparative genomics;EST-STS;SSR0|7|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：The physiological races of wheat stripe rust,CY29,CY31、CY32 and CY33 are epidemic races in most wheat production areas of China.The objective of this study was to clarify the genetic relationship among the four races and their correlation with virulences.Genomic DNA of these races were isolated and used for AFLP analysis.by which the virulences of the four physiological races were compared.The results showed that the four races were clustered into two groups evidenced by both virulent analysis and AFLP markers,and the correlation index between them was 0.014.The genetic diversity of the four physiological races was higher than the genetic diversity of their virulences.The genetic similarity of these four physiological races was relatively higher,but the correlation between AFLP fingerprint analysis and virulence analysis was very low.3|9|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：The effects of high molecular weight glutenin subunits(HMW-GS) on SDS-sedimentation value and kneading mixing properties were evaluated in this paper.A set of Beijing 411 Near-isogenic lines with different wheat high molecular weight glutenin subunit(HMW-GS) gene were used through the one year experiment at three locations.The results showed that:1) Different HMW-GS loci for SDS-sedimentation value and kneading mixing properties was ranked as Glu-D1>Glu-B1>Glu-A1.2) Effects of HMW-GS on SDS-sedimentation value followed the following order:Glu-A1,N=1;Glu-B1,7+8>17+18;Glu-D1,5+10>2+12.3) The importance of HMW-GS effect on kneading mixing properties was:When it is 17+18 on Glu-B1 and 2+12 on Glu-D1,the effects of N and 1 on Glu-A1 locus is not significant;But when it is N on 7+8 Glu-B1 and 2+12 on Glu-D1,N is superior to the 1 subunit significantly on the the kneading characteristic.When it is 1 on Glu-A1 and 2+12 on Glu-D1,the effect of 7+8 and 1 on Glu-A1 locus was not significant.But when it is N on Glu-A1 and 2+12 on Glu-D1,the effect of 7+8 is superior to the 17+18 subunit significantly on the the kneading characteristic.Glu-D1,5+10>2+12.4) The line of N,7+8,5+10 was not only associated with the best crumpling resistance but also the best gluten strength.This study also suggested that Glu-D1 loci had the largest additive effect on glutenin content and Mixograph parameters.Keywords：wheat;near-isogenic lines;HMW-GS;SDS-sedimentation value;kneading mixing properties1|6|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：This paper studied limiting factor (high temperature stress occurred during grain filling period) for high yield production of spring maize in North China Plain(NCP).By analyzing the available high yield technologic solutions for spring maize under high temperature stress (HTS),we expected that spring maize might break the barriers from HTS during grain filling period in NCP.The results showed that the main clinical manifestations of spring maize under HTS at filling stage included,shortened the linear growth stage of maize grain;reduced the grain size and the amount of assimilate transfer to grain,leading to a reduced grain filling rate;pollen abortion and mismatched pollination period which reduced seed setting rate;the temperature over 35℃ would reduce root growth rate and hindered the lateral root growth;reduced photosynthetic enzyme activity,chlorophyll content and PSII function,which resulting in photosynthesis reduction;lowered leaf water status and plant nitrogen accumulation;induced sheath blight and bacterial wilt.To break the barrier exerted by HTS on spring maize during grain filling stage,the following practices could be used:advancing or delaying sowing date to avoid high temperature,breeding high temperature tolerant maize varieties;applying chemicals such as exogenous salicylic acid (SA),kinetin (BA) and abscisic acid (ABA) to improve the tolerance;pre-exercising with high temperature well before the grain filling stage;practicing agronomic and farming approaches to regulate the nutrition levels and soil and water and light properties.Based on this study,a design integrated technology of the individual techniques could be used to form an integrated technology system,thus to improve heat tolerance and increase spring maize yield under HTS in NCP.Keywords：North China Plain;spring maize;high temperature stress;high yield4|9|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：To evaluate changes in carbohydrates content and yield during the growth duration,an experiment with four different sweet sorghum cultivars (Two hybrid cultivars,Zaoshu-1(ZS1) and Chuntian-2(CT2),and two inbred cultivars,Rio and Lvneng-3(LN3)) at two nitrogen fertilizer levels (N0:0 kg/ha N and N150:150 kg/ha N) were carried out in arid region of Xinjiang province.This study will explore the effects of cultivar and nitrogen on carbohydrates yield,and predicted the ethanol yield (PEY) for the four sweet sorghum cultivars in arid region.The results showed:Soluble carbohydrates content and yield,celluloses and hemicelluloses yield of the whole plant were increased,but the hemicelluloses content were stable during the growth duration for all the treatments.Cultivar significantly (P<0.001) affected the carbohydrates content and yield.Hybrid cultivars (ZS1 and CT2) produced significantly (P<0.05) higher soluble carbohydrates yield than that of inbred cultivars (Rio and LN3).Carbohydrates yield of different organs for four cultivars were varied.Most soluble carbohydrates yield was stored in grain for the hybrid cultivars (ZS1 and CT2) whereas stem from inbred cultivars (Rio and LN3) was the main organ for accumulating the soluble carbohydrates.The result showed that predicted ethanol yield (PEY) was mainly from the soluble carbohydrates yield.The potential of sweet sorghum hybrid (ZS1 and CT2) as feedstock for ethanol were 10 148 and 9 982 L/hm2 respectively which were significantly higher than those from the inbred cultivars (Rio and LN3) for biofuel production with 9 017 and 8 728 L/hm2 respectively.The application of nitrogen fertilizer (150 kg/ha) could not significantly (P<0.001) increase soluble carbohydrates yield,but could significantly (P<0.001) increase the celluloses, hemicelluloses and total predicted ethanol yield.Keywords：sweet sorghum;cultivar;nitrogen;carbohydrate;ethanol yield0|6|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Seven groups of CMS and maintain lines of kenaf leaves had been used to investigate the changes of plant's morphological feature,some parameters related to photosynthesis and content of chlorophyll under low temperature stress at 12℃/6℃(day and night)for 15 days.The results revealed that:1) The kenaf plant grew slowly,and the increase of stem diameter and leave area in CMS were greater than those from the maintain lines.2) Along with the increase of low temperature stress,the Pn and the total chlorophyll content were decreased;the Gs showed low-high-low changes,whereas the Ls and the ratio of Chl a/Chl b increased firstly and then decreased.3) Principal Component Analysis and membership function had been used to analyze in this research It was showed that CMS were more tolerant to low temperature stress than their maintain lines;F3A/B,917A/B and 722A/B were the three strongest groups.The research also provided a valuable suggestion on winter cultivation and cold resistance breeding of kenaf.Keywords：kenaf;low temperature stress;CMS line;maintain line;morphology;photosynthesis1|6|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Over a period of six months,at the China Agricultural University greenhouse,15 and 30 individual earthworms were introduced into saline-alkali soil,to study the effect of earthworm inoculation on saline-alkali soil nutrient,soil organisms and plant cultivation.The results showed that earthworm inoculation increased the contents of soil available phosphorus and potassium,while soil organic matter content significantly decreased.Although plant biomass was not increased after earthworm inoculation,microbial biomass carbon,nematodes and mite abundance were increased.Earthworm inoculation changed the relative abundance of nematode trophic groups and mite suborder,but did not significantly affect soil bacteria,nematodes and mites Shannon Wiener diversity index and Evenness index.Earthworm inoculation improved the biological,chemical and physical processes of the soil ecosystem,which may play important roles on saline-alkali soil improvement.Keywords：saline-alkali soil;earthworm;regulation;soil organisms5|10|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：It was significant to find cheap and efficient adsorption materials to remove heavy metals from wastewater.In this study,the isothermal adsorption efficiencies of Cu,Zn,and Pb by calcareous clay soil,calcareous sandy soil,and alkaline bentonite were investigated through shake flask experiments.In addition,the removal efficiencies of Cu,Zn,and Pb from sewage treatment plant wastewater were studied by the above three adsorption material in the subsequent fixed bed adsorption process.Results showed that the isothermal adsorption characteristics of Cu,Zn,and Pb by calcareous clay soil,calcareous sandy soil,and alkaline bentonite was obviously correlated with Freundlich equation.The heavy metals adsorption forces of the calcareous clay soil,calcareous sandy soil,and alkaline bentonite were Zn>Cu>Pb,Cu>Zn>Pb,and Cu>Zn>Pb,respectively,while the heavy metals adsorption capacity of the calcareous clay soil,calcareous sandy soil,and alkaline bentonite were Cu>Zn>Pb,Pb>Cu>Zn,and Cu>Pb>Zn.Meanwhile,further fixed bed adsorption experiments revealed that the removal efficiency of Cu,Zn,and Pb from wastewater by calcareous clay soil adsorption were 79.9%,97.7%,and 73.4%,and the removal efficiency of Cu,Zn,and Pb by the alkaline bentonite adsorption were also reached to 70.3%,90.6%,and 90.6%,respectively.The results obtained from this study were helpful in choose of adsorbent to remove the heavy metals from wastewater.Keywords：calcareous clay soil;calcareous sandy soil;alkaline bentonite;isothermal adsorption;heavy metals1|6|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：The major climate factors affecting the distribution of apricot around the Tarim were clarified.The relationship between the distribution of apricot and climate was discussed with the geographic information around the Tarim Basin from national agrometeorological observation stations of China Meteorological Administration (CMA),together with the small grid calculating method of the climate factors and the spatial analysis function of Refinement of the Agricultural Climate Division software.The results indicated that :1) the dominant climate factors which affected apricot growth in the regions around the Tarim were the minimum temperature in late March,April minimum temperature,the frequency of extreme temperatures,the accumulated temperature over 10℃,the annual lowest temperature,the days of daily average temperature ≤7℃ from December to March.The climatic suitable regions to apricot around the Tarim were given based on its appearance frequency.The climate characteristics for apricot were analysed in each region,which revealed the potential distribution of apricot around the Tarim.The results indicated that apricot distribution could be further optimized around the Tarim based on the climatic conditions.Keywords：apricot;potential distribution;climatic suitability;dominant climate factors;GIS;climate division5|8|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：In order to reveal the mechanism of seedless grape enlargement mediated by exogenous gibberellin (GA) application,specific primers were designed according to the grape genome sequence.The first strand cDNA of grape berry was served as the template.Two grape GID genes were cloned by PCR.Full sequence alignment showed that one isolate belongs to GID1ac family,and named as VvGID1-3 with close sequence similarity.The other was assigned to GID2 F-box gene family,named as VvGID2.The two genes were over-expressed in tobacco.The result showed that the area of VvGID1-3 and VvGID2 over-expressing leaf disc were about 140% of the control after 7 days growth on MS medium.Seed germination ratio of the transgenic lines was remarkably lower than the wild typeand demonstrated hypersensitivity to 0.5 and 1 μmol/L GA3 treatment during germination.Endogenous hormone level assay revealed lower GA and ABA content in VvGID1-3 transgenic lines and higher IAA content in VvGID2 lines.Expressing VvGID1-3-GFP and VvGID2-GFP in grape embryogenic callus,fluorescent signals were localized in the nucleus.Promoters of VvGID1-3 and VvGID2 were cloned.The pVvGID1-3::GUS and pVvGID2::GUS transgenic tobacco showed that blue stain was mainly in the young and fast growing tissues.In mature leaves,the expression was highlighted in the veins.And very limited signal was found in adventitious roots.Keywords：VvGID1-3;VvGID2;promoter;clone;expression study0|7|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：The aim of this research was to probe whether the main hybrid barrier occurred pro-zygotic in distant hybridization in beardless irises.The cross experiments between 9 species (cultivars) belonging to 4 beardless series were carried out.Among 12 combinations by common pollination,only one combination of Iris lactea‘lactea'×I.sibirica ‘Lichterfeldius' whose parents were from different series,and 2 combinations of the reciprocal crosses between I.clarkei and I.sibirica ‘Viel Creme' whose parents were in the same series obtained hybrid seeds.Advanced pollination,to some extent,could overcome cross obstacle in I.lactea var.chinensis×I.pseudacorus whose seed setting rate was increased to 10%.Through pollen tube behavior observation of 7 combinations without capsules after conventional pollination,we found that callose response within pollen tube was the most general pro-zygotic barriers which existed in all 7 combinations.It was observed that pollen tubes inserted into the ovules in all combinations,which suggested that pro-zygotic barriers was not the deceive reason leading to cross incompatibility the major obstacle was speculated to occurred after fertilization in Iris.More attention should be paid to the overcome of post-zygotic barriers rather than the pro-zygotic barriers in Iris breeding.0|7|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：The salt-tolerant eggplant "Duoguo Duosui" and salt-sensitive eggplant "Jiuye","Lanzhou Chang" were used for experiments.The fresh and dry weight,the contents of K+,Ca2+,Na+ and K+/Na+,Ca2+/Na+ ratios in the roots,stems and leaves were measured.The purpose was to understand the effects and mechanism of NaCl stress on the growth of different eggplant varieties.Our data showed that the fresh and dry weights,contents of K+ and Ca2+ in all cultivars were significantly decreased while Na+ contents were increased.Salt-tolerant eggplant had higher relative biomass accumulations,K+ contents and K+/Na+ ratios ithan the salt-sensitive ones.The Ca2+ contents and Ca2+/Na+ ratios were contrary to K+ contents and K+/Na+ ratios,which might be due to the increase of Ca2+ absorption and utilization in salt-sensitive eggplants.In conclusion,the salt-tolerance mechanism of the salt-tolerant eggplants was to maintain a higher K+ contents,K+/Na+ ratios in roots and Na+ contents in leaves by ion compartmentation.Keywords：eggplant;salt stress;ion distribution;salt-tolerance mechanism4|7|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：A high performance capillary electrophoresis(HPCE) method was found for measuring the content of lycopene and β-carotene in tomato.The samples were extracted with the mixed solvent of acetone and petroleum ether by ultrasonic treatment,which were used as the test solution after separation and purification.The optimal experimental conditions,such as concentration and pH of buffer,separation voltage,separation temperature and injection time on the separation efficiency were determined first.The experimental conditions were as the followings:detection wave length was 450 nm,running buffer was pH 4.5,HAc-NaAc was 20 mmol/L,electrophoresis voltage was 24 kV,injection time was 6 s with the pressure of 0.5 MPa,electrophoresis temperature was 20℃.The samples could be completely separated in 16 min with a good linear relationship under the above conditions.The proposed method could be simultaneously applied for the determination of lycopene and β-Carotene in tomato plant samples with the advantages of high accuracy,fast separation and simple extraction.Furthermore,the contents of tomato sample with five different ripening periods were measured and analyzed in accordance with the optimal conditions of HPCE.The results indicated that the content of β-carotene was decreased firstly and then gradually increased with the content of lycopene increased during the different mature phases,and both of the contents would peak at the completion of their ripened phases.Keywords：tomato;HPCE;lycopene;β-carotene;dynamic change0|7|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：In order to predicti and control the pests of processing-tomato,the Elman neural network was used in this research.The prediction model was established with meteorological data and pests and diseases during April and October from 2003 to 2010 in the Yan Qi Basin region.The results showed that this prediction model was suitable.The predicted results in 2011,for example,were comparable with the measured values.It could provide a theoretical basis for building pest management decision support system of the processing-tomato.Keywords：tomato;pests;Elman neural network;forecasting;decision support system1|8|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：This paper is concerned on the superfamily level classification of moths which are harmful to agriculture and forestry,by using math-morphological characters(MMCs) of the wings.Twenty six MMCs were selected for being invariant to the image size and direction,such as eccentricity,sphericity,lobation,roundness,rectangularity,elongation and movement invariants including Hu1 and Hu2.These MMCs were extracted from the images of right forewing and right hindwing of forty moths (five superfamilies).By using the methods,including variance analysis,stepwise discriminant analysis and cluster analysis,each MMC was evaluated on the feasibility,reliability and importance in classification of the moths at superfamily level.The relationships among the moths at superfamily level were described from the perspective of mathematical morphology.The analytic results showed that six MMCs could be selected as the classification variables at superfamily level.The contribution of these variables were ranked as followings of (FW-rectangularity,FW-Hu5,HW-eccentricity)>HW-roundness>(HW-rectangularity,HW-Hu5).Accuracies resulting from the regression and the intersecting discriminant analysis were 100.0% and 97.5%,respectively.Keywords：moths;morphological character;digital identification;phylogenetic relationship;superfamily0|6|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：This paper is concerned the relationships between Chlorpyrifos and detoxification metabolic enzyme in leek.The contents of soluble proteins and activity dynamics of Glutathione-S-transferase (GST),glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX),acid phosphatase (ACP),and alkaline phosphatase (AKP) was studied in leek at different time,using pakchoi as control.The results showed that 1) the changes of soluble proteins in leek was same as that of pakchoi,at a model of up-down-up following spraying Chlorpyrifos.2) The contents of soluble proteins increased to the normal levels after 14 and 5days.3) The activity of GST and GSH-PX in pakchoi changed more significantly than that in leek.4) The activity of ACP was usually 100 times as high as that of AKP.Activity of ACP,AKP in leek did not change obviously.However,activity of ACP,AKP in pakchoi reduced significantly in late period.Chlorpyrifos affected pakchoi for a short time.The detoxification enzyme activity in pakchoi was higher than that in leek.Cabbage had higher capacity to protect cell membrane structure and maintain its own function in integrity.Keywords：chlorpyrifos;leek;pakchoi;GST;GSH-PX;ACP;AKP1|7|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：In the tobacco growing region in Linqu,Shandong Province,18 typical sampling points were selected.In the sampling points,soil samples and tobacco samples were collected to analyze the concentration of As,Cd,Cr,Hg and Pb in the soil samples and tobacco samples.According to the interrelated criterion,the heavy metal risk in the tobacco growing region in Linqu was assessed.The result showed that the heavy metal concentration in the soil surface was significantly higher than that in the underlying soil.And the As,Cd,Cr,Hg and Pb concentration of the soil in Linqu tobacco growing region was lower than the level Ⅱ in "environmental quality standard for soils",and the soil heavy metal risk was in the "safe" grade.Hg was the relatively higher risk of heavy metal in soils.Tobacco heavy metal risk was also in low-risk status,and the heavy metal concentration in tobacco was changed between two years,especially the Hg concentration changed most greatly.The synthesizing pollution index in all the typical sampling points was all smaller than the level Ⅰ,and the heavy metal risk in Linqu tobacco growing region was in the "safe" grade.But the synthesizing pollution index in some individual point was approaching level Ⅰ which needs to pay attention to prevent heavy metal risk.The next step is to do a comprehensive analysis of soil environmental quality and the impact of factors on the tobacco heavy metal content.3|8|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：We had revealed that licorice extract had a tendency of reducing subcutaneous fat accumulation of Tan sheep from previous research.In this study,we managed the experiment to investigate the effects of licorice extract on the activities of key lipid metabolism enzymes in liver,the central organization of lipid metabolism.Fifty male Tan lambs with similar ages and body weights were randomly divided into five groups (N=10).The supplement level of licorice extract were 0,1 000,2 000,3 000,4 000 mg/kg in basal diet respectively.The sheep were slaughtered after 120 days,and the liver triglycerides (TG),total cholesterol (TC),fatty acid synthase (FAS),NADPH generating enzymes,hepatic lipase (HL),lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and total lipase (TL) were tested.The results showed that the liver TG level was reduced significantly (P< 0.05),and decreased by 28.3%,45.5%,44.0% and 40.8% respectively for the level of licorice extract 1 000,2 000,3 000,4 000 mg/kg in basal diet compared with the control group (0 mg/kg),and the lipolytic enzymes (HL,LPL,TL) level were enhanced significantly (P<0.05).The TC level,FAS and NADPH generating enzymes activities were not significant (P >0.05).It is concluded that the function of licorice extract that suppressing lipid accumulation in the liver of Tan sheep is mainly by regulating the activities of key enzymes related to the pathway of fatty acid oxidation,thereby reducing the transport of fat from liver to peripheral tissue,and ultimately achieving the effect of reducing subcutaneous fat accumulation.Keywords：sheep;licorice extract;liver lipid metabolism;synthetase;lipolytic enzymes2|6|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：To study the effect of the high voltage biological electrostatic field on the growth of the chicks,different electrical filed strengths and working times are applied to chicks.The results show that when the applied electric field strength is low(+21.4 kV/m),there is no statistical difference(P >0.05).In the 28th day,under the electrical field of +35.7 kV/m,the chicks' weight increases are more significant when the applying time is 30 min/(T·d) compared with 15 min/(T·d) (P<0.01).Under the electrical field of ±28.6 kV/m and the applying time of 30 min/(T·d),the chicks weight increases achieved by the negative field are higher than those by the positive field and the average increase rates of the negative and positive field are 59.59% and 23.46% respectively.When the electrical field strengths increase to ±71.4 kV/m,the effect is decreased.The results show that the proper field strengths and working times can promote the chicks' weight increases and different chicks' weight increases are achieved by different electrostatic field strengths and working times within a certain range.Keywords：chicks;weight increase;high voltage biological electric field0|6|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Dynamics of transference of feeding spaces,feeding effects and the contribution ratio of different feeding spaces for goose were compared to the research between different feeding modes.The results showed that the dynamics of transference of feeding spaces changed significantly,and the contribution ratio of cropland and grassland for goose was 74.49% and 98.71% respectively in different treatments.Cropland accounted for the main part in goose breeding though the contribution ratio of cropland was lower than that of grassland.Compared with the treatment of feeding on grassland,the goose weight for sale in the treatment of feeding on cropland decreased by 0.21 kg,which met the market requirement,and the differences about body weight of goose between the two treatments were not significant (n=3,P >0.05).Good economic benefits were achieved through the goose breeding under different production modes,and the net income of per goose in the treatment of feeding on grassland increased 14 yuan than that in the treatment of feeding on farmland.Therefore the feeding on farmland under the production mode of agro-pastoral integration could finish the whole commercialized course of goose feeding and get good economic effects.Keywords：goose;agro-pastoral integration;feeding space;contribution rate1|6|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：This purpose of this research is to study the tissue residues of the tilmicosin phosphate in swine and determine the withdrawal time.A high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method with detection at 280 nm was used and validated for the determination of 10% tilmicosin phosphate soluble powder residues in pig tissues.The mobile phase was composed of acetonitrile,tetrahydrofuran,hosphate buffer and water with the volume ratio of 10:5:5:80.The limits of detection (LOD) was 0.025 μg/g,and the limits of quantitation (LOQ) was 0.05 μg/g for liver and kidney;theLODwas 0.01 μg/g and the LOQ was 0.02 μg/g for muscle,fat and skin.Average recoveries ranged from 77.56% to 97.82%,coefficient of variance ranged from 0.78% to 10.5%.Administrated over 7-day by 80 mg/L of Tilmicosin Phosphate in drinking water,the residue levels were higher in liver and kidney,and lower in muscle,fat and skin.According to the calculation by software WT1.4,the withdrawal period of tilmicosin residues is 5.73 d in liver,3.75 d in kidney,11.57 d in muscle,10.91 d in skin and fat.It is concluded that the expected withdrawal period of tilmicosin phosphate for swine should be 12 days.Keywords：swine;tilmicosin phosphate;HPLC;residues3|7|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：To study the relationship between ketosis and insulin resistance during early lactation,16 ketosis (T) and 24 healthy control (C) cows were chosen from a intensive dairy farm.Blood samples from all cows were collected at 14 days postpartum during morning fasting.Differences in energy balance,liver function,oxidative stress,insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance were analyzed between T and C.Results showed that,cows with keosis were in condition of negative energy balance.The level of plasma AST and DBIL raised significantly (P<0.01) in T group compared to C group,and plasma TBIL also increased significantly (P<0.05),but plasma CHE and TP decreased significantly (P<0.01 or <0.05),and there is no significantly change in plasma ALT,IBIL,ALB,and GLO,suggesting that cows with ketosis suffered from certain degree of liver function abnormality.In addition,level of plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) was significantly higher in T group than in C group (P<0.05),implied that cows affected ketosis experienced oxidative stress.Furthermore,plasma revised quantitative insulin sensitivity test (RQUICKI) was lower significantly in T group than in C group (P<0.05),indicated that cows with ketosis had low insulin sensitivity.Concentration of plasma Glc in T group were higher than in C group during glucose tolerance test (P<0.05),and plasma Glc concentration was still 4.24 mmol/L at 120 min after intravenous injection of 50% dextrose,which had a significant differences between two groups (P=0.006),showing that cows affected ketosis had insulin resistance.It is concluded that there is a closed relationship between ketosis and insulin resistance,which may be related to liver function and oxidative stress because both can cause insulin resistance.Keywords：dairy cows;ketosis;negative energy balance;liver function;oxidative stress;insulin resistance0|7|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：GnRHs is the pivotal hormone regulating animal reproduction.In mammals,there are two forms of hormone including GnRHⅠ which regulates gonadotropin and GnRHⅡ which appears to be a neuromodulator and stimulates sexual behavior.GnRHs also occurs in reproductive tissues and tumours in which a paracrine/autocrine role is postulated.However,GnRHⅠ and GnRHⅡ still appear to have distinct roles in signalling differentially through the type Ⅰ receptor (ligand-selective-signalling) to have different own stream effects.The ligand-receptor interactions and receptor conformational changes involved in receptor activation have been partly delineated.Together,these findings are setting the scene for generating novel selective GnRH analogues with potential for wider and more specific application.The research progress of GnRH and its receptor Ⅰ in the mammal has been reviewed in this paper.Keywords：mammals;GnRHs;GnRHⅠ;GnRH receptor0|5|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of oviduct epithelial cells on the development and quality of early embryos,as well as to study the impact of embryos on the activity and gene transcriptions of co-cultured oviduct epithelial cells,and explore the mechanisms on how oviduct epithelial cells improving the development of early embryo in mouse.Mouse oviduct epithelial cell lines were purified and used to co-culture with zygotes,H2O2 content in embryos was measured by DCHFDA,epithelial cell activity was measured by MTT,RT-PCR was applied to test the transcription of CAT and GPX gene.Results are as follows:1) co-culture can significantly improve the early 2-cell and 4-cell rates (0.951 3% VS 0.903 3%,0.857 6% VS 0.700 5%,P<0.05) as well as blastocyst rate (0.537 9% VS 0.573 3%,P >0.05);2) it can decrease the H2O2 content in early 2-cell embryos (0.047 9 VS 0.068 2,P<0.05);3) rates of type Ⅰ and Ⅱ arrested embryos tend to decrease (0.158 3% VS 0.192 6%,0.213 3% VS 0.433 9%,P >0.05),rate of type Ⅲ arrested embryos was increased(0.621 6% VS 0.373 3%,P<0.05);4) cellular activity had improving trend when embryos developed to early 2-cell phase(0.216 7 VS 0.195 7,P >0.05);5) the transcription of CAT and GPX were slightly increased(1.202 0 VS 0.984 9,1.310 1 VS 0.998 3,P >0.05)though not significant.Those results indicated that oviduct epithelial cell co-culture can improve the development of embryos by increasing anti-oxidative ability of themselves,then decreasing ROS content in embryos by cell-cell contact,therefore it can improve embryo quality and promote embryo development.Keywords：oviduct epithelial cells;co-culture;early embryos;arrest;ROS;mouse0|6|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：The present work studied the optimization of α-ketoglutarate production from sucrose by Absidia corymbifera(Lichtheimia corymbifera) D1.Based on single factor experiments,the optimum fermentation medium was found to be 40 g/L sucrose,1 g/L NaNO3,1.36 g/L KH2PO4,0.2 g/L MgSO4·7H2O,0.01 g/L FeSO4·7H2O,2 g/L NaCl,0.5 g/L corn syrup and 40 g/L CaCO3;and the optimal incubation conditions were:25% loading volume of 250 mL flask at 37℃,200 r/min for 84 h.Under the optimal fermentation conditions,the production of α-ketoglutaric acid from sucrose was up to 14.0 g/L,with a conversion of 34.9%.The volumetric production rate was up to 0.17 g/(L·h).Hence,Absidia corymbifera D1 was efficient in utilizing sucrose for α-ketoglutarate production,which shows scientific value and a good prospect for industrial applications.Keywords：Absidia corymbifera;α-ketoglutaric acid;sucrose;fermentation conditions0|8|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：In order to obtain a bacteriocin producing strain,lactic acid bacteria were separated and screened with dissolve calcium circle and oxford cup double-plate method from premium fermentation meat.Morphological,physiological biochemistry method,16S rDNA and specific gene PCR amplification were used to identify the strain to species,and the bacteriocin related gene was analyzed to determine bacteriocin types.The results showed that,after eliminating organic acid,hydrogen peroxide and other interference factors,L-ZS9 still had antibacterial activity among the 92 strains and its antibacterial substances were sensitive to protease (acid protease,protease K,trypsin,pepsin,neutral protease),while insensitive to alpha amylase.Therefore,L-ZS9 was recognized as bacteriocin producing bacteria and identified as Lactobacillus paraplantarum.Further bacteriocin related gene PCR amplification showed that L-ZS9 contained Ⅱb plantaricins EF,JK,Ⅱc plantaricin A and plantaricin N encoding gene.The mature peptide sequences of plnF,plnK were identical with Lactobacillus plantarum C11 (X94434) and only one amino acid mutation occurred in plnE,plnJ mature peptide sequences.Therefore,the Lactobacillus paraplantarum L-ZS9 was a nature multi-bacteriocinogenic strain.Keywords：lactic acid bacteria;screening;bacteriocin;Lactobacillus paraplantarum1|8|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：The study was carried out to restrain postacidifacation of set yoghurt using Bifidobacterium L-SN with mixed leaven together for fermentation.By measuring the changes of pH value,titratable acidity,the number of viable cells,water hold capacity,viscosity and sensory evaluation in 20 days under the storage condition of 4℃,we find adding L-SN can efficiently restrain posfacidification of set yoghurt and improve the quality.The results indicate that the best supplemental level is (2-5)×106 cfu/mL.In 20 days,the pH value is 4.1-4.2;the titratable acidity is 100-110 °T and the number of viable cells are more than 106 cfu/mL.In addition,it can significantly improve the water holding capacity and viscosity and to give good color,texture and organization state of the set yoghurt.Keywords：yoghurt;Bifidobacterium;postacidifacation;yohurt quality0|6|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：4DLB-2 half-feed and self-propelled garlic combine harvester was developed according to the garlic cultivation characteristics of garlic main production area in China.The field test was taken for the performance verification.The machine' key performance indicators were tested in different operating speeds and cropping patterns including productivity,garlic loss rate,soil-content rate,garlic injury rate,garlic obvious rate,etc.The test analysis showed the productivity was 0.13-0.21 hm2/h,garlic loss rate was 1.1%-2.3%,soil content rate was 1.3%-1.5%,garlic injury rate was 1.7%-2.2%,and garlic stalk staying length was 31.9-43.6 mm.The data stated the combine harvester had reached the design requirements.1|7|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：In this paper,we tested the thermal and humidity environmental status in a typical brick-wall solar greenhouse in Tianjin for two winters.The results showed that,daily mean temperature is around 10℃,the lowest value is 5.0℃;daily minimum temperature is 3.4-5.5℃ in January and the lowest value is 0.8℃,which may cause the crop chilling injury;night temperature indoor is lower and the lowest average night temperature is 2.5℃ from December to next February;the night temperature difference between indoor and outdoor is 10-15℃.The indoor daily average relative humidity is 66% in the daytime in January,however,the relative humidity is only 50% when soilless culture is used.The average relative humidity at night is high to 99% in all the testing time.Results from this study showed that solar greenhouse can supply proper environment to crops most of the time,but there is still exiting some abnormal conditions (always low temperature and high humidity).We advise to improve the environment performance of solar greenhouse by the following measures:enhance the sunlight transmission from the roof;ensure the solar radiation received by the north wall;advance the thermal insulation and heat storage performance of enclosure structures;improve ventilation and modify cultivation methods.Keywords：solar greenhouse;temperature;relative humidity;environment;improvement measure1|6|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：In order to reduce the wind power impact on grassland fragile ecology,a wind erosion supervision system was designed based on ZigBee wireless sensor network technology and GPRS wireless communication.The hardware consists of ZigBee wireless network,sensor nodes,GPRS terminal nodes and remote computer,and the parameters of wind speed,air temperature and humidity,soil temperature and moisture,wind erosion in wind farm are real-time monitored and visually displayed on the remote host computer.Tests of the system demonstrated that the hybrid wireless network supervision system is entirely feasible while the distance between sensor nodes and coordinator is less than 600 m.Keywords：grassland;wind farm;ZigBee;information collection;supervision system1|6|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：With the question of information isolated islands relates to Internet of Things (IoT) of Agriculture in application layer,the research was developed through the analysis and research of IoT platform with workflow engine and message-forwarding pattern.And workflow engine and message-forwarding pattern was proposed by analyzing IoT platform and cloud computing programming,and it can be applied to integrated communications platform for IoT of agriculture.This paper found that model of combining with the workflow engine and Message-Oriented Middleware by expanding the POP3/SMTP/XMPP et al.protocols could been translating various communication protocols to reach end-to-end interconnection and to solve communication modes of different equipments in different protocols in different locations within a time domain.Parallel programming methods were compared under the tests of 10 thousands data requests for two cloud computing patterns.It showed that the master-slave mode is better than the peer model.Keywords：Internet of Things;message-oriented middleware;integrated communications;cloud computing1|8|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：A Oprobit model was adopted to analyze the relations between economic structure,land's feature and green pest control techniques adoption based on 740 questionnaires collected from Anhui province rice farmer.This study found that the adoption level of green pest control techniques is low,and the relation between rice farming size and the adoptions of green pest control techniques displays an "U" tendency;the higher the share of rice income in total household income the higher receptive level is;but the higher weight of the rented land the lower receptive level is;the adoption of green pest control techniques is effected by head of household's age,education levels and head of household whether participate green prevention training.The results showed that policy support and advocacy is needed to encourage farmer adopting green pest control techniques;and different form of promotional strategies and services should be taken to improve the level of adoption.Keywords：pest;green pest control techniques;income structure;cultivated land traits0|9|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：This article studies farmers' choice and adjustment behavior of cropping systems under the conditions of risk in depth,reveals the rationality of farmers' adjustment about diversified cropping systems,and thus provides a basis to guide farmers' selection and adjustment on the cropping system.Based on the cross-section data obtained from sampling survey of Beijing's vegetable farmers,this article adopts MOTAD model to analyze the production and operating status of the farmers and their cropping system choice under risk.The results indicated that Beijing vegetable farmers faced price risk mostly,and they might adjust their vegetable planting structure when they were in risk.Combined with utility maximization condition,the author calculated a reasonable vegetable cropping system suited to the local farmers,and that farmers could take diversity cultivation with 0.41 hm2 of land and then receive prospective return.According to the field research,every Beijing vegetable planting household had 0.74 hm2 of land area in average,so the results of this study could provide a reference for the local production and operation.The local government should make some rational plans.The degree of organization,production and management capacity,sale ability,and technical application capabilities of farmers need improve gradually.Keywords：vegetable;household;risk;cropping system;MOTAD model1|8|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：This article analyzed the behavior attitude,subject norm and perceived behavior control of the farmers' willingness to ecological construction based on the TPB theory and 226 micro-survey data from 21villages,6 towns in Ansai and Mizhi county,using factor analysis and structural equation model.The result showed that the TPB theory could explain the farmers' ecological construction willingness and behavior very well.The behavior attitude,subject norm and perceived behavior control had significant positive correlation toward farmers' ecological construction willingness,and farmers' ecological construction willingness had significant positive correlation toward the behavior of farmers' ecological construction.Keywords：farmers;grain for green;ecological construction willingness;ecological construction behavior;theory of planned behavior(TPB)0|6|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：In views of the problems,which are land consolidation benefits regional limitations,some unreasonabilities and no-outstanding Eco-efficiency in the current evaluation index system,the ecological conservation land consolidation comprehensive benefits evaluation index system was constructed based on the existing research,expert scoring method,Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP) and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method,and the comprehensive benefits evaluation of ecological conservation land renovation was carried out as well as.The results showed that:ecological demonstration project is qualified,social benefit and economic benefit is moderate,and comprehensive benefit is for secondary.Although the ecological benefit of greater weight,it cannot affect the evaluation results of comprehensive benefits of the project.The reason is that both the economic benefit and social benefit is outweighing of ecological benefit.Therefore,in the benefit evaluation of land remediation project,not only the comprehensive benefit evaluation but also the individual ecological benefit should be considered to protect or improve the land consolidation project areas,to reflect the ecological conservation regulation objective,and to create a good foundation for better rural construction of ecological and livable.Keywords：land;land consolidation;ecological conservation type;AHP;fuzzy evaluation method1|7|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：The main line of this paper was agricultural product prices fluctuation and inflation problem.The relevant literatures have been collected from 1978 to 2012,which were divided into five periods to be summarized.This paper classified the main research viewpoints into four major categories,listed and compared the emergence,development and change of them.And it also classified and summarized empirical research methods.Based on the literatures review,it was found that the development of the four viewpoints is close to Chinese economic background.The majority of scholars widespreadly approve that there is a relationship between the agricultural product prices and inflation.But the focus of the differences is that the trend of this relationship.For this problem,theoretical viewpoints are more mature.Therefore,the breakthrough can be obtained from the analysis of the framework,the research angle,the research object and the empirical method.Keywords：agricultural product price;inflation;literature review;price index;Granger test1|7|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
