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- Abstract：A 308-bp fragment of cotton GhDGAT1 gene was used to create intron-containing construct expressing hpRNA vector,and transferred to cotton via pollen tube path way,for studying the impact on oil content by silencing the endogenous GhDGAT1 gene of cotton.Results indicated that:1) After PCR and Southern blotting,the expression of GhDGAT1 gene were inhibited significantly in T3 transgenic seeds,and the oil contents of seeds were decreased up to 3.13 percent.2) In transgenic lines with lipids contents decreased,the protein contents and soluble sugar contents were relatively increased 4.31%-9.77% and 11.67%-23.01%,respectively.3) Compare to wild type,the fresh weights of immature embryos in transgenic lines were reduced in the later stages of embryos development,but increased in soluble protein contents.4) Compare to wild type,the plant height,height of primary branch and branch number in transgenic lines were decreased significantly,but have no significantly changes in other agronomic traits and the main economical traits.The finding that GhDGAT1 gene influenced the lipids synthesis in cotton could be used to regulate oil contents in kernels by modulating the expression of GhDGAT1.Keywords：upland cotton;GhDGAT1;RNAi;vector construction;genetic transformation0|8|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
Different transcriptomic expression in both male sterile and fertile anthers of upland cotton Dong A
Abstract：Male sterile anthers and fertile anthers were used in RNA sequencing in early microspores phase of upland cotton ‘Dong A'.Results showed that 51 out of the total 66 535 anotated hormone related unigenes expressed differentially,with 23 genes up-regulated and 28 genes down-regulated in sterile anthers.Based on our available information,this study is the first to investigate hormone related genes expression via transcriptome sequencing,and two of these genes were identified.It may shed light onto the dissection of male sterility mechanisms and catching sight of key genes in upland cotton ‘Dong A'.Keywords：cotton;male sterility;hormone;transcriptom;diffirent expression1|6|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27- Abstract：Gossypium bickii from Australia has a special trait,with gossypol appearing only after the formation of the cotyledon.In order to transfer such useful trait of G.bickii into cultivars and improve its economic returns,the amphidiploid was obtained from G.arboreum×G.bickii,then some tri-specific hybrids were derived from (G.arboreum×G.bickii)×G.hirstum,(G.arboreum×G.bickii)×G.barbandense in Shanxi Agricultural University.The tri-specific hybrids and their parents were analyzed in karyotype,and clustered by the karyotype resemblance-near coefficient aimed to establish a genetic link for all the materials.We showed that the relative length of the chromosomes from amphidiploid G.arboreum×G.bickii was smaller than that of chromosomes of G.arboreum and G.bickii with a limited change range.The LC/SC value of amphidiploid G.arboreum×G.bickii was higher than that of the G.arboreum and G.bickii;and the LC/SC value of (G.arboreum×G.bickii) ×G.hirstum and (G.arboreum×G.bickii)×G.barbandense were the highest among all the parents.The karyotype of amphidiploid G.arboreum×G.bickii was 1A with the least arm ratio.Cluster analysis showed that the closest genetic relationship was G.hirstum and G.barbandense astheir karyotype resemblance-near coefficiency was the highest,namely 0.995 8,their evolution distance was 0.004 2.On the contrary,the farthest genetic relationship was G.bickii,and amphidiploid G.arboreum×G.bickii,with the lowest karyotype resemblance-near coefficiency,namely 0.648 3,and their evolution distance was 0.433 4.Keywords：cotton;interspecific hybrid;karyotype;resemblance-near coefficiency0|8|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Spatial and temporal variations of agricultural chemical fertilizer and driving types in China between 2000 and 2010 were analyzed deeply at the municipal level using the spatial cluster analysis methods.There were five major findings from the study.1) National Moran's Index values remained high from 2000 to 2010 (although with a downward trend) which indicated clustering of China's chemical fertilizer application.2) Integrated fertilizer application of 86.9 percent of nationwide municipalities showed an upward trend from 2000 to 2010.3) The three Northeastern provinces and Northeastern Inner Mongolia became the hot spot of chemical fertilizer application,whereas the Western underdeveloped areas became the clod spot.The expanding sub-cold spot in the Southeast China indicated that the negative impact of non-farm economy development of the Pearl River Delta and Yangtze River Delta on agriculture has shifted from the coast to the interior part.4) Chemical fertilizer application per unit area of agricultural land in China increased rapidly from 300.0 kg/hm2 in 2000 to 411.3 kg/hm2 in 2010.Over the past decade,the area with high levels of fertilizer application has expanded significantly,while the region under a low-load condition has shrunk.Keywords：fertilizer consumption;spatial and temporal variations;hot and cold spots;fertilizer application level1|8|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Drought is one of the costliest weather related natural hazards in North China Plain (NCP).This study was conducted to quantify the influence of drought on grain yield variability using drought indices.Detailed crop and weather data were collected from Beijing,providing a typical region of winter wheat-summer maize rotation system in NCP.The data collected from 1962 to 2011 provided 50 years of data,which were used to compute the SPI and the SPEI drought indices at different time scales from 1 to 24 months.(a) The SPEI and SPI showed large differences in the evolution and identification of drought conditions during the last five decades,positive temperature anomalies were the most important cause of the aforementioned differences.(b) Drought indices more strongly correlated with yield variability during the last two decades.Regression of maize climatic yield as the dependent variable and the 3-month August SPI/SPEI as the independent variable explained up to 60.0% and 60.1% of yield variability in a curvilinear relationship,respectively.Optimum SPI/SPEI values were in the range of-0.8 to 3.2 and-0.9 to 2.1.(c) Furthermore,winter wheat climatic yield and 24-month SPI/SPEI were a linear relationship,SPI24-5 and the SPEI24-5 drought indices explained 51.8% to 51.2% (P<0.01) of the variation in wheat yield.These results implied that SPI and SPEI provided the accurate assessment of drought impacts on grain yield of the NCP.(d) Based on these results it would be possible to generate preliminary estimates of drought impacts on winter wheat yield by preseason with some confidence.This could be very useful in regard to providing farmers with early warning information to plan irrigation management and prepare for potential drought conditions.In conclusion,the SPI and the SPEI showed excellent capability to identify drought impacts.The impacts of drought on grain yield were much greater,yet decreased precipitation is still the key factor in yield losses.This study identified an increase in drought severity associated with higher water demand as a result of evapotranspiration.Future researches in NCP should be focused on the drought indices based on precipitation and potential evapotranspiration,as they could reflect the better role played by global warming on drought severity,and provide more accurate assessment of drought impacts on yield variability.Keywords：grain yield;North China Plain;drought;SPI;SPEI2|7|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：To eliminate the blocking effect caused by the shadow-ring or shadow-ball,a new model is presented for measuring diffuse radiation of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) under clear sky.A total of 11 days tests were conducted in an open test field belonging to Washington State University in Prosser,WA,US from June to August in 2012.The measurement interval was set at 15 min.One quantum sensor was placed vertically and was used to measure the standard value of diffuse radiation (PARf).Another quantum sensor was specially placed horizontally and faced toward North.The partial diffuse radiation (PARf-N) was recorded without any blocking device in most of daytime.The photos of sky were also shot at four directions (east,south,west and north) to attempt to represent the atmospheric condition.The image characteristic value was defined as the minimum value of histogram (H) and B-mode (B) calculated among four photos.Results showed that the correlation between the PARf-N and the PARf is 0.768.The correlation between the image characteristic values and the diffuse radiation is 0.688.A new multiple linear regression (MLR) model was developed using the SPSS software.The variables included the PARf-N,the image characteristic value and some other meteorological factor like temperature,wind speed and relative humidity.The optimal model was obtained when seven different arguments were input,with the correlation coefficients and the root mean square error of calibration and prediction (rc,rp,RMSEC and RMSEP) of 0.951,0.958,27.987 and 25.526,separately.The results indicate that the MLR model with PARf-N and the image characteristic value offers a more effective way to estimate the diffuse radiation under clear sky.Further studies with different weather condition should be done to improve the applicability,accuracy and robustness of models.Keywords：photosynthetically active radiation;diffuse radiation;clear sky;model0|10|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：This paper explored soil water movement rules under 4 different kinds of initial soil water content through indoor simulation and theoretical analysis.Test showed that the initial soil water content had a significant impact on infiltration characteristics.In the same infiltration time,the greater the initial moisture content was,the smaller the amount of cumulative infiltration,and the smaller the infiltration rate.The wetting front migration distance increased with the initial moisture content increases.The greater the initial moisture content was,the larger the moist body,and the larger the moisture content in the same position.The improved Kostiakov infiltration model,the power function of the distance of initial moisture content and wetting front were established.The verification showed the model had high precision.Keywords：initial soil water content;deep pit infiltration irrigation;infiltration;wetting front1|6|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Based on statistical data and farmers' household investigations,taking an example of Quzhou County in Hebei Province,the impact of groundwater level drop on agriculture was probed in this study.The research on water demand of planting patterns and the input-output analysis showed that groundwater level drop will increase irrigation costs,restricting the development of agricultural economy in Quzhou.The increased cost of agriculture would lead farmers to cultivate higher yield and higher risk economic crops that increased the risk of rural economy,and at the same time,brought a hidden danger for food security.The underground water level of Quzhou County is falling fast which will increase the agricultural cost,reduce farmers' enthusiasm,and increase the risk of food safety.To achieve the purpose of improving crop production and sustainable land use,several ways are recommended for each production process to make optimal configuration,such as,to perfect water conservancy facilities,to promote water-saving agriculture and planting methods by applying science at the same time,and to increase the planting area of cultivated land.Keywords：groundwater;groundwater level variation;agricultural planting structure;irrigation costs;Quzhou0|6|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Water resource carrying capacity balance index was used to analyze the water resource carrying capacity under different scenarios of Xijiang River Basin,Guangxi in next 10 years.The results showed that the water resource could support the social & economic development of the most administrative units except Nanning in the basin under minimum water utilization scenario,assuming the water resources development and utilization rate reached to 40%.A water resource shortage was likely to occur in Guigang while using maximum water utilization scenario,but water resource in whole basin still had a favorable balance,indicating the water resource might support the social & economic development in Xijiang River Basin on the whole.It is evident that the improvement in the water resource development and utilization efficiency is the safeguard to guarantee the water recourse carrying capacity in Xijiang River Basin in the future.Keywords：Xijiang River Basin;water resource carrying capacity;index balance method1|7|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Global climate change has led to significant vegetation changes in the past half century.Vegetation fraction is a general and quantitative index related with vegetation growth,and it has many important applications in the water resources,land desertification,regional ecology and global change research.Central Asia,most of its land was located in arid areas,is undergoing a process of prominent warming and drying.It is necessary to investigate the response of vegetation to the climatic variations for a better understanding of the accumulated consequence of climate change.The authors selected Bayramaly oasis of Turkmenistan as a case study region,and used remote sensing data from the American Landsat TM/ETM data and FCD model,combining with the average annual temperature and annual precipitation data in the region and the same period to analyze the vegetation dynamics and the response of the climate change on different spatial and temporal scales.It was found that Bayramaly oasis has a tendency to expand,the vegetation coverage is decreasing to the periphery by the oasis,the rate of change is 0.12/10 km,and the more close to the oasis edge,the greater this change is.In 1988—2010,the overall vegetation coverage had an upward trend,and there was a particularly evident increase in 1988—2001 with the average of 0.20/10 a(vegetation coverage increased 0.2 per decade).It changed slowly during 2001—2010 and in the internal of the oasis,the vegetation covered an area of the intense change which had no regularity and was complicated by the impact of human activities and serious land abandonment.There is a certain correlation between vegetation coverage and climate,but not obviously,and the annual rainfall average correlation coefficient was 0.39 and the average temperature correlation coefficient was －0.33.The oasis vegetation coverage and annual precipitation and mean annual temperature were higher,the periphery of the oasis desert region was in general.Keywords：vegetation coverage;climatic factors;FCD model;correlation;Bayramaly oasis0|10|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：As the internal component of RNA induced silencing complex,ARGONAUTE(AGO) protein palys an important role in all known small RNA-directed regulatory pathways.In this study,the target cDNA clone of AGO1 was isolated from library prepared from Golden Delicious using RT-PCR technique.The cDNA was 3 234 bp,and would encode a protein of 1 078 amino acid with a molecular mass of 119 ku and theoretical isoelectric point of 9.41.The protein contained 2 conserved domains,PAZ and Piwi.Quantitative real-time PCR analysis revealed that Md-AGO1 was higher in flower and fruit than leaf.The aboundance of detected decelopmet related miRNA were positively correlated to Md-AGO1.Md-AGO1 and miRNA may regulate the plant growth and development together in apple.0|7|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：A high-peduncle Phalaenopsis variety Doritaenopsis ‘red swan' was used to study the effect of three plant growth retardants including BAS,CCC and PP333 on the flowering characteristics and contents of endogenous hormones (IAA,GA,ABA and ZR) in the leaf.The results showed that it was different in the effects of these plant growth retardants on flowering characteristics of Phalaenopsis.With proper variety and concentration,they could significantly reduce peduncle height,and inflorescence length as well.In addition,they slightly affected diameter of flower and early blooming.All treatments could decrease the content of GA but increase that of ABA significantly.The content of IAA in treatments was higher than that of control in the growing periods,and had some correlations with GA content.The content of ZR had no significant change in initial period and then maintained at higher level than that of control.Compared to the control,the ratios of ABA/IAA and ZR/IAA decreased slightly.The ratios of ZR/GA and ABA/GA were significantly higher than those of control.Accordingly,PP333 with the concentration of 150~300 mg/L was suitable for peduncle hight.Low level of GA and high ratio of ZR to GA were better for flower bud formation.Relative high content of endogenous IAA was the key factor of inhibiting peduncle growth.Keywords：Phalaenopsis;plant growth retardants;endogenous hormones;flower bud differentiation0|7|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Haloxylon ammodendron and Cistanche deserticola were used to study the effects of gibberellin(GA) and chlormequat(CCC) on the growth of H.ammodendron and C.deserticola.The results showed that:1) GA promoted the growth of H.ammodendron,the biomass and non-structural carbohydrates per plant were respectively increased by 30.8% and 69.3%,while the biomass of C.deserticola was decreased by 10.7%;2) CCC inhibited the growth of C.deserticola,the biomass and non-structural carbohydrates per plant were respectively reduced by 19.7% and 18.7%,oppositely,the biomass of C.deserticola was increased by 86.6%.These findings suggested that CCC can regulate the growth of C.deserticola,and increase the biomass of C.deserticola as well.Keywords：Haloxylon ammodendron;Cistanche deserticola;gibberellin;chlormequat;assimilates3|6|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Morphological and molecular biological methods were used for separation and purification of the main fungi from maize for identification.The growth rate of colony and germ tube were daily measured to study their biological characteristics,which were cultured in a certain gradient of temperature and humidity.The results showed that the main fungi in maize were Penicillium oxalicum,Fusarium moniliforme and Aspergillus niger.The optimum growth temperature of Penicillium oxalicum,Fusarium moniliforme and Aspergillus niger were 30 ℃,30 ℃ and 35 ℃.The optimum conidial germination temperature of Penicillium oxalicum,Fusarium moniliforme and Aspergillus niger were 30 ℃,25 ℃ and 35 ℃.The optimum humidity of Penicillium oxalicum and Fusarimu moniliforme was 70%,while Aspergillus niger was 80%.On the condition of free water,the optimum conidial germination rate of Penicillium oxalicum was 72.5%,Fusarium moniliforme was 79.2%,and Aspergillus niger was 85.1%.Keywords：maize;fungi;separation;identification;biological characteristic0|9|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Thirty three species of moths belonging to six familys (Arctiidae,Eucleidae,Lasiocampidae,Sphingidae,Notodontidae,Noctuidae) were used in this research of math-morphology at the family level.Twenty six math-morphological characters (MMCs) of both wings were extracted,such as eccentricity,sphericity,lobation,roundness,rectangularity,elongation,and movement invariants including Hu1 and Hu2.The classificatory importance was analyzed for each MMC.The results indicated that six MMCs could be selected as the classification variables at family level.The contribution of these variables were ranked as the order of (FW-rectangularity,HW-Hu2,HW-roundness)>FW-roundness>(FW-Hu6,FW-Hu5).The accuracies of regression and intersecting discriminant analysis therein were 100.0% and 87.9%,respectively.0|6|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS),which catalyzes to produce NO in vivo,might play an important role in hypoxic adaptation of animals.Heart,liver and lung tissues were collected from three groups of pig population,with 10 pigs each group.Tibetan and Yorkshire pigs raising at LinZhi,Tibet (3 000 m altitude) and Yorkshire pigs raising at Beijing (100 m altitude).The eNOS expression was measured with real-time quantitative PCR.The results showed that the mRNA expression of eNOS gene was higher in liver and lung tissues than that in heart tissue of the three pig groups.In heart tissue,Tibetan pig and Yorkshire pigs raising at high land had higher expression of eNOS than low land (P<0.01),however,it is reversely in liver and lung tissues.The Yorkshire pig raising at high land had increased expression of eNOS in heart tissue and had tends of reduced expression in live and lung tissues compared with the pigs raising at low land.It was concluded that the Tibetan pig have distinct characteristic of eNOS expression from Yorkshire raising at high land and low land,as well as presents difference in heart,live and lung tissues,which have different roles for regulation of hypoxic adaptation.Keywords：Tibetan pig;eNOS;gene expression;hypoxic adaptation0|7|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
Studies on the dairy farm wastewater treatment with bio-nest anaerobic reactor demonstration project
Abstract：In order to improve the wastewater treatment effect and processing efficiency of the dairy cow farm and reduce the surrounding environment pollution because of cow farm wastewater discharge,using the method of adding bio-nest material to the anaerobic reactor,a fast effective bio-nest anaerobic reactor was developed and the bio-nest anaerobic reactor demonstration project was constructed on dairy cow farm by Shandong Province Academy of Agricultural Sciences to research the effect of demonstration project on dairy cow farm wastewater treatment.Test results indicated from the following two aspects.1)Dairy wastewater treatment effect of the bio-nest anaerobic reactor demonstration project is good with high efficiency,and the average removal rates of COD,BOD,NH3-N,TP and TSS are 76.7%,76.9%,50.5%,39.6% and 89.9% respectively.2)HRT is only 15 h,and the rate of anaerobic reactor volume gas is high,which can reach the highest rate of 1.635 m3/(m3·d).This research has an important practical significance to improve the current dairy cow farm wastewater treatment efficiency and to reduce the processing engineering investment.Keywords：dairy farm;bio-nest reactor;demonstration project;wastewater1|7|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27- Abstract：To study the components and mycotoxin contaminations of goat milk in Xian,Milkscan milk composition analyzer and ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) were used to analyzed the milk compositions (protein,fat,somatic cell) and mycotoxin contaminations (aflatoxin M1,ochratoxin A,α-zearalenol and zearalenone).The results showed that:1) Protein,fat and somatic cell count of goat raw milk was 3.6%,4.1% and 116.92×104 Cells/ml,respectively; 2) 98.1% of the goat raw milk samples were contaminated with aflatoxin M1,80% with ochratoxin A,77.1% with α-zearalenol and 80.0% with zearalenone,whereas 100% of goat milk powder samples were contaminated with aflatoxin M1,37.0% with ochratoxin A,59.3% with α-zearalenol and 100% with zearalenone,and their average concentrations were 12.4 ng/kg,198.6 ng/kg,153.0 ng/kg,36.2 ng/kg in goat raw milk and 57.3 ng/kg,37.1 ng/kg,105.4 ng/kg,128.7 ng/kg in goat milk powder.Furthermore,no samples exceeded the maximum residue levels(500 ng/kg) of aflatoxin M1 regulated by China; 3) There were significant correlations between aflatoxin M1 and protein(P<0.01),and also between protein and fat (P<0.01),as well as between α-zearalenol and somatic cell count(P<0.001).The results indicated that goat milk in Xi'an was nutrition and safe,but the risk of mycotoxin contaminations in goat milk might be a concern.Keywords：goat milk;quality;mycotoxin;UPLC-MS/MS0|7|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：The purpose of this experiment is to seek the probable pathogenicity of the Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus in poultry and to find the proper medical treatment for the disease caused by the pathogen.Eight isolates were isolated from the lungs of broilers and laying hens in Liaoning,Inner Mongolia,Hebei,Shandong and Beijing,which were suffered from the severe pneumonia.Three of the isolates were identified as S.equi subsp. zooepidemicus and five were identified as S.faecalis by using Gram-stain,biochemical test and PCR methods.Subsequently,specific pathogen free chicken (SPF) chicken and commercial broilers were administered intraperitoneally with S.equi subsp. zooepidemicus,which was isolated from Inner Mongolia,and the post mortality was 40% and 80% for SPF chicken and commercial broilers,respectively.Typically bronchial obstruction was found except for hemorrhagic pneumonia,air sacculitis and pericarditis,which corresponded with the clinical observation.Based on the identification,minimum inhibition concentrations (MIC) of eight isolates and two reference strains were determined post incubation with the different antibiotics.Ten Streptococcus strains were more sensitive to florfenicol,moxifloxacin,gatifloxacin,ciprofloxacin and doxycycline,the MIC of them is less than 7.813 μg/mL.Two isolates were found with higher antibiotic resistance to the specific medications,such as amoxicillin,tylosin,fosfomycin sodium and spiramycin,whose MIC is more than 500μg/mL.Taken together,Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus infection might be one of the main pathogens and contributes to severe avian pneumonia.Highly sensitive antibiotics should be implemented against S.equi subsp.zooepidemicus infection.1|6|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：This study aims at presenting a method for identifying barley diseases based on the comprehensive characteristic parameters of first and second moment of color and with improving LBP model of texture feature under natural environmental conditions.Barley powdery mildew,moire disease and stripe rust occurred in Hexi corridor of Gansu province and used as the objective samples.Comprehensive characteristic parameters of color moments and LBP uniform model were used to extract color and texture features from diseased regions,which were chosen as inputs to the constructed classifier model in the base of radial basis kernel function for support vector machine (SVM) on barley disease recognition.The 355 collected disease images were analyzed by SVM classification model.The results showed that the overall identification accuracy of barley disease was up to 84.745 8% while RBF parameter.The system provided with an effective analysis means for barley disease diagnosis,verified the feasibility of classification model in barley diseases,and also could be used as a reference for the other crop disease diagnosis.Keywords：barley diseases;color moments;texture feature;LBP;support vector machine1|8|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：The Paper proposed a method for enhancing the matching degree of seed images to its features by SURF (speeded up robust features) and area-grayscale enhance.According to external feature of seed,the SURF features were extracted and Grayscale-histogram of images was calculated.Area-grayscale was enhanced according to normalization and for the calculation of the degree of matching of images.Experimental result indicated that the average time of feature matching was less than 10ms.The method presented good resistance to interference of light and strong robustness.The degree of matching of images was improved by 30% on average.Keywords：seed;SURF feature;grayscale;histogram;normalization;the degree of matching0|7|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：In order to improve the technology for sludge treatment of sewage treatment plants,and explore the application methods of solar greenhouse and heat pump technology in the field of sludge drying,a new system of Greenhouse sludge dry treatment was designed.It is mainly composed of greenhouse,sludge turner,auxiliary heating source,ventilation system,insulation system etc.An experiment was carried on the key parts of system such as turbulent flow fan,sludge turner,heat pump system.The thermal properties of greenhouse was tested in Henan province.The results showed that the turbulent flow fan disrupted the normal temperature of greenhouse and forced the heat energy flow down.As a result,the temperature increased 3-5 ℃ at the bottom of greenhouse.The turbulent flow fan could block sludge drying prominently beyond the velocity of 6 m/s.The time interval of turning sludge had a linear relationship with the sludge drying moisture content in the range of 30-70 minutes,though it depented on the heat energy inside of greenhouse.The rate of sludge drying moisture content increased by 11% when the system ran with the water source pump than the air source heat pump's,while the rate increased by 8% with dual systems,even in the winter.The test showed that the system with 1 000 m2 could deal with the sludge about 10 tons per day.Keywords：greenhouse;solar energy;heat pump;sludge drying system0|8|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：With 342 rural residential sites in Quzhou County as evaluation units,the suitability evaluation was made from three aspects of pressure source,pressure flow and pressure sink.The evaluation index were set up and screened with the methods of frequency analysis,theoretical analysis,expert consultation.Following determination of the weighted index factor,the values of pressure source,flow and sink were calculated and then estimated the rural residential suitability.Finally,the research district was divided into 5 kinds of space pattern optimization model.The evaluation results showed that 45.61% of the rural residential sites were at low suitability 32.74% at mediate suitability and 21.65% at high suitability.The study was an attempts to apply the pressure theory in rural residential land consolidation,the results might provide an useful exploration and scientific support for rural land consolidation.Keywords：pressure theory;rural residential land;suitability evaluation;spatial structure optimization;model1|7|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Based on the data from China Statistics and National Land Use Database between 1996 and 2008,the intensive use of construction land was evaluated through analyzing the characteristics of its spatial-temporal change.The purpose was to provide a decision basis for policy making to regulate the macro-policy for intensive use construction land and the direction for the construction land use in China.The evaluation index systems from three aspects were utility ratio,bearing capacity and utilization efficiency of construction land.The results indicated that China's construction land underwent a certain increase in the utility ratio,output capacity and utilization efficiency from 1996 to 2008.There was an enhancement of intensive use level.However,different provinces had different level.The intensity of construction land use in different regions was interrelated to economic development,higher in southeast coastal areas,but lower in northwest inland area with slow economic development.Therefore,the improvement in intensive use level of construction land should be in accordance with the law of spatial-temporal changes in China.Keywords：construction land;intensive use;spatial-temporal changes;spatial characteristics3|8|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Basing on the analysis and merging the major meteorological elements which affect soil moisture,the BP-ANN soil moisture forecast model with six factors was established.The soil moisture sensitivity on six factors was determined by sensitivity analysis.The moisture prediction BP-ANN model was built based on three factors (relative humidity,sunshine hours,average previous ten days of soil moisture).The study showed that the three-factor model root mean square error was 3.55,with the advantage of small data collection and less processing,which could achieve the required accuracy.The test that three-factor model was applied to mountains and the plains of Beijing showed the measured and predicted values reached a very significant level.It presented the strong characteristics of operability.Keywords：soil moisture;forecast;Artificial Neural Network;sensitivity analysis method1|9|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：The purpose of this study is to analyze the influence of land tenure security on farm household land use change.Taking Changshu City,Fengxian District,Jiangdu City and Funan County as examples of significantly different levels of economic development,using 807 valid questionnaires of farm household surveys,and selecting factors of regional difference,family location,basic information of the farm householder,family features of the farm household,land resources endowment and land tenure security,this paper constructed the farm household land use change impact model basing on Binary Logit Model.The results showed that:First,district,the age of farm householder and the area of land management had significant effect on farm household's land use change;Second,the odds of land use change increased with the economic development level increase and the odds of relatively economically developed Fengxian District was 5.5 times of relatively undeveloped Funan County;Third,the possibility of farm household land use change would decrease with the increase of the farm householder's age,which decreased 3.1% with every 1 year increase of age;Fourth,the possibility of farm household land use change increased with the decrease of land management area and the incidence decreased 68.7% with an increase of 1 hectare of land management area;Fifth,land tenure security had some influence on land use change and the more unstable land tenure was,the greater likelihood of land use change would be.Keywords：land tenure security;land use change;farm household;Logit model5|9|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：In this paper,collected data from national agricultural industrialized leading enterprises were used to analyze the effect of combined and separated duties of chairman and general manager on enterprise performance.The results showed that capital and labor input largely contribute to the performance of the leading agricultural enterprises,and orders and the number of contract spurring farmers played a positive role on the leading agricultural enterprise performance.However,duties of chairman and general manager were combined,which showed no obvious impact on the leading agricultural enterprise performance.The combined duties of chairman and general manager would make the leading agricultural enterprise performance increased by 19.17% in the western region,among those,the private enterprises and other enterprises were increased by 15.03% and 47.07% respectively.However,the combined duties of chairman and general manager had a negative effect on performance of the leading agricultural enterprises in the eastern region,among those,other enterprises declined by 31.62% in corporate performance.Based on the result,it suggests that the duties of chairman and general manager should be separated along with the expansion of scale of the leading agricultural enterprises.Keywords：agricultural enterprise;enterprise performance;regional comparison;aggregation and separation1|8|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：In order to study the difference degrees of evaluation among stakeholders for support policy in pig industry,based on questionnaires and interviews with pig farm owners,government officials and the third-party,in this empirical research,the method of contingency tables and evaluation index was used to study the different evaluation for the support policy in pig industry among subjects.It comes to the conclusions that firstly,the awareness level and the evaluation for implementation effect of the support policies in pig industry from government personnel are higher than that of the pig farm owners',secondly,the difference degrees of the evaluation for different policy implementation effect differ among subjects,thirdly,due to local financial difficulties,to some extent,the pig industry support policy is hindered from being implemented effectively,and fourthly,the third-party has a relative objectiveness on evaluating support policy in pig industry.On such basis,policy recommendations are made in this study.Keywords：live pig;industry support policy;evaluation;subject;difference degree1|9|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Based on the survey data in provinces of Heilongjiang and Jilin,the multivariate ordered logistic model was applied in the econometric analysis of factors affecting farmers' production scale of Auricularia auricula.The study showed that householder individual endowments,family features,cognitive features and external features all had important influence on farmers' production scale of Auricularia auricula.As to gender,male farmers' production scale of Auricularia auricula was larger than female.Household labor force had positive influence on the production scale.The larger proportion of Auricularia auricula production income in total income and the degree of satisfaction to varieties planted promoted the enthusiasm on enlarging production scale.On the contrary,the households' sensitive degree to the risk had a negative impact on its production scale.The production scale of farmers in Heilongjiang was greater than that in Jilin on average.Basing on the study,some measures should been taken for the Auricularia auricular grow,such as market transparency,technology demonstration or training and efforts on support to the associations.Keywords：farmers;Auricularia auricula;production scale;influencing factors5|7|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：The main objective of this study was to assess current situation of the rural infrastructure construction and analyses the farmers' satisfaction with existing infrastructure in rural areas by a survey of 204 farmers in Jingzhou Cenhe,Hubei province.The results showed:1) The present situation of energy power,drinking water,transportation,information and communication infrastructure in Cenhe town was good,but irrigation,leisure and entertainment of such infrastructure should be improved.2) Farmers were satisfied with power supply facilities,drinking water facilities,road facilities,information and communication facilities,education and medical facilities,but the degree of satisfaction with irrigation and water conservancy irrigation facilities,entertainment facilities and garbage and sewage treatment facilities was lower.3) There were four major factors that influenced farmers' overall satisfaction with rural infrastructure,orderly,education and medical facilities,water conservancy facilities,health and leisure facilities,energy and transportation facilities.Keywords：rural infrastructure;current situation;satisfaction;factor analysis2|8|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Data collected from a survey conducted in several developed cities in the eastern,the central and the western of China were used to analyze the current cognition of GMF health risk and ecological environment risk of the public and scientists.At the same time,we also utilized polychromous logistic regression model to explore the reasons leading to the risk perception differences.The results showed that the public usually had a cautious attitude while the scientists were more optimistic.One of the causes was the public had less knowledge about GMF and lack of knowledge and information,and thus the public was more vulnerable to information and internal psychological factors.Person who with more GMF knowledge and whose information was from traditional media thought that the risk would be greater.The trust to the experts,government,enterprises and food safety can reduce the GMF risk view of the public.Since scientists with much more knowledge about GMF,they were less influenced by information and psychological factors.Also,the individual characteristics affected the risk perception of both the public and scientists.Keywords：GMF;the public;scientists;risk perception4|10|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Labeling management system is the most common and effective way to solve the problem of information asymmetry in the GMF supply chain,as it can protect the consumers' right to be informed and right to choose.This paper analyzed the impact of labeling management system on consumers' purchase intention by using the data collected from a survey conducted with 400 consumers in Wuhan.The following conclusions were drew:the purchase intention of consumers in Wuhan City to GMF was low,their expectations of GMF labeling management was higher,and they also hoped that GMF labeling would be compulsory;The main factor affecting the purchase intention of consumers to GMF was GMF labeling management system,of which the trust of the GMF labeling management and labeling spotlight had significant influence on the purchase intention.Keywords：genetically modified food(GMF);labeling management system;purchase intention7|8|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Matrix attachment regions (MARs) are operationally defined as DNA elements bound to the nuclear matrix after chromatin proteins and other DNAs are degraded,or that bound to extracted nuclear matrix in the presence of competitive DNAs in vitro.When constructing the MARs into a vector in neighborhood with transgenes,this frame usually results in enhancing efficient and stable expression of transgenes,or minimizing the gene silencing.This review will comment the advances in the effect of the MARs derived from different species and its variant ways of vectors in transgenic plants.We classify the successful events and potential problems published in recent years.We finally propose the further application of MAR to modify the transgenes expression in the crop improvement.Keywords：matrix attachment region;transgene;gene expression7|7|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
