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- Abstract：Based on results from national sorghum cultivar trails of spring-sowing early-mature group in 2007,2008 and 2009,six trail sites were comprehensively evaluated by using productive level,precision,distinguishing ability,representation and validity as evaluation standard.AMMI-Dj and general component variance (GCV) were used to estimate locations distinguishing ability,and they were compared in the study.The results showed that productive levels of the six locations were variable,which represented different field productive levels.Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences and Chifeng Academy of Agricultural Sciences had the highest field productive levels.Trail precisions across all six locations were high.All the trial sites were validated.Jilin Agriculture University,Baicheng Academy of Agricultural Sciences and Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences had the highest distinguishing ability;thus all of locations had high representation.And they were suitable for distinguishing varieties variance if they possesed wide-range adaptability.Thus they were also suitable to be plant breeding spots.It was concluded that three locations from Jilin Province and two locations from Mongolia were fit to identify and analyze varieties.We suggested that add one or two trail locations in the Heilongjiang Province.Keywords：sorghum;regional trail;location distinguishing ability;location representation;AMMI model6|1|0<HTML><DownloadPDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2023-12-22
- Abstract：The experiment site is located in the typical semi-arid mountain area of the Loess Plateau in China.Subjected to the adverse effects of special geography,topography and hydro-meteorological conditions,collection and utilization of the rainwater is one of the major solution to agricultural and livestock production in this region.The experiment is performed under different supplementary irrigation conditions.The ear characters are grouped into three major components by using principal component analysis method.Meantime the meaning of all the main components and the impact of corn ear traits in different supplementary irrigation conditions are analyzed.The results showed that ear kernel weight and ear weight are limiting factors affecting maize yield and the factor loading are 0.974 8 and 0.965 1 respectively.Ear kernel weight of supplemental irrigation is 62.2%－77.8% higher than that of ear kernel weight under no irrigation condition at jointing stage.Test showed that supplemental irrigation and increasing the amount of supplementary irrigation within a certain extent can increase ear kernel weight,ear weight and reduce the length of the bald results will provide a theoretical basis for water saving and increasing yield in rainfed farming region.Keywords：ear characters;supplemental irrigation of harvested rainwater;analysis of principal components3|1|0<HTML><DownloadPDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2023-12-22
- Abstract：The aim of the research is to provide a scientific basis for higher-yield and higher-efficiency of legum/cereal intercropping system based on the rhizosphere regulation in Hexi Corridor of Gansu Province.The micro-area root barrier experiment was conducted at Wuwei experimental Satation of Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences in 2007,in order to study the effects of root barrier and N application rates on the root spatial distribution and root morphology of intercropped faba bean and maize.The row root separation technique was used and crop roots were sampled by auger.The results showed that the roots of faba bean and maize were mainly distributed in 0-40 cm and 0-60 cm soil layer,respectively.The roots of intercropped maize at 60-120 cm soil layer were more than that of maize with root barrier,and the deeper distribution of roots of intercropped maize was in favor of competition-recovery growth at later growth stage.The roots of intercropped maize could extend the below-ground space of intercropped faba bean,and the less root of intercropped faba bean got to the below-ground space of maize.Both interspecific interactions between intercropped faba bean and maize and N application increased the root bulk density (RBD),root length density(RLD),root surface area(RSA),root volume(RV) of both crops in the vertical and horizontal directions in faba bean/mazie intercropping ecology system.Intercropping and N fertilization expanded the root spatial ecology niche of both crops in vertical and horizontal directions,and changed the root morphology of both cropsp to increase water and nutrient uptake,and resulted in higher productivity.Keywords：faba bean/maize intercrop;row root barrier;root spatial distribution;root morphology8|1|0<HTML><DownloadPDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2023-12-22
- Abstract：In order to study the chemical composition and immune activity of corn silk,we applied a systematic extraction and separation method to obtain crude polysaccharide from corn silk (CSCP for short).HLPC and GC used to analysis the molecular weight and monosaccharide composition.Mouse splenocyte proliferation was used to determine the immune activity of CSCP.The results showed that 75% of the CSCP molecular weight was between the 1.0×105 and 5.0×105.CSCP contained rhamnose,xylose,arabinose,mannose,glucose and galactose and other monosaccharides.The molar ratios were 1.00∶1.36∶1.30∶0.66∶2.52∶1.60.The largest proportion was glucose.CSCP significantly stimulated the proliferation of mouse spleen cells and had a definite dose-effect relationship.Keywords：corn;polysaccharide;high performance liquid chromatography;IR spectra analysis;immune activity0|1|0<HTML><DownloadPDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2023-12-22
- Abstract：The physiological and biochemical changes during melon fruit development and ripening were analyzed,a key enzyme in ABA biosynthesis,9 - cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase gene(NCED),was cloned.Its expression pattern was analyzed.Efffect of ABA,NDGA(nordihydroguaiaretic acid),1-MCP(1-methylcyclopropene) and 1-MCP + ABA on fruit ripening and softening is also investigated.The results showed that NCED gene of melon fruit expressed strongly during early-maturity period.The content of endogenous ABA peaked after NCED gene expression,and then continued to decline.Ethylene production,ACC(1-aminocylopropane-1-carboxylic acid) content and ACO(ACC oxidase) activity in the early fruit maturity is very low,their maximum value is about 10 days late than of endogenous ABA.Exogenous ABA treatment significantly enhanced fruit ripening and softening.Those ripening-relation indexes were eight days earlier than that of the control.On the contrary,the NDGA treatment delayed the ripening-relation index.The effect of 1-MCP and 1-MCP + ABA treatments were similar to that of NDGA,but less effective.ABA initiated the melon fruit ripening,involved in the process of ripening and softening by inducing the expression of genes related to enzymes of ethylene production.Ethylene mainly played a major role in late-ripening period,especially in forming of fruit flavor inherent material.3|4|0<HTML><DownloadPDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2023-12-22
- Abstract：Based on the observation of the morphological differentiation process of flower buds and leaf buds of Rhododendron moulmainense Hook.f.,the content of endogenous hormones like gibberellin (GA3) ,indolylacetic acid (IAA),abscisic acid (ABA) and zeatin (ZR) within the leaves respectively under flower buds and leaf buds at the different stages of flower buds and leaf buds morphological differentiation process was determined;The relationship between these endogenous hormones and flower buds morphological diferentiation was discussed.The results showed that the morphological characteristics and duration of flower buds and leaf buds were different.The differentiation process of flower buds lasted for about 40-45 days from the end of July to the mid-September,while the differentiation process of leaf buds lasted for about 35-40 days.The content of ABA and ZR in leaves under flower buds was higher than the content in leaves under leaf buds,and showed a rising tendency during the flower buds and leaf buds morphological differentiation process,While the contents of GA3 and IAA showed an opposite result and tendency.The ratios of ABA/GA3,ABA/IAA,ZR/GA3,ZR/IAA in the leaves under flower buds was obviously higher than those in the leaves under leaf buds and showing a rising tendency.This illustrated the balance between diferent endogenous hormones also played an important role in regulating and controlling flower buds diferentiation of Rhododendron moulmainense Hook.f..3|1|0<HTML><DownloadPDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2023-12-22
- Abstract：Aseptic seeding were cultured using stems with bud as materials which coming from two varieties of no-barbed Robinia.Take leaves of aseptic seeding as explants for researching regeneration.Results showed that the best time of Robinia pseudoacacia var.Inermis to take stems was in early May as same as Robinia pseudoacacia var.rectissima 'inermis’.The suitable callus medium was different for the two varieties,Robinia pseudoacacia var.rectissima 'inermis’ was MS+6-BA 0.25 mg/L+2,4-D 6.00 mg/L,Robinia pseudoacacia var.Inermis was MS+6-BA 0.50 mg/L+2,4-D 2.00 mg/L,the callus initiation rate were 60% and 80%;Proper culture medium for Robinia pseudoacacia var.rectissima 'inermis’ and Robinia pseudoacacia var.Inermis was MS+6-BA 5.00 mg/L+IBA 0.10 mg/L+GA3 0.10 mg/L,regeneration rate were 60% and 50%;Two kinds of varieties in this paper had same medium for rootage culture which was 1/2MS+IBA 0.05 mg/L,but the rootage rate was different,Robinia pseudoacacia var.rectissima 'inermis’ was 55.6%,another is 72.2%,the survival rate of transplant for tissue culture seedings was more than 85%.4|1|0<HTML><DownloadPDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2023-12-22
- Abstract：The Southern root-knot nematode,Meloidogyne incognita,is worldwidely the most destructive group of plant pathogens.It is an extreme challenge to control the nematode.There are limited data regarding the molecular mechanisms of M.incognita development and the process of plant invasion,which can open the way for controlling the nematode.Caenorhabditis elegans,a free-living nematode feeding on bacteria,has been used as the first model animal genome to be sequenced.There is a large database on functional genomics.Comparative analysis of M.incognita and the C.elegans genome may provide an opportunity to gain insight into the genetic basis of the nematode infection of plants and,consequently,the identification and analysis of homologous genes between M.incognita and C.elegans can yield novel strategies for controlling plant parasite nematodes.In our study,we analyzed the genomic biology of the phylum using 9 165 contigs of M.incognita aligned to 361 207 expressed-sequence tag sequences (ESTs) in C.elegans by blastn,and 23 973 protein sequences in C.elegans by blastx,respectively.The highly homologous gene sequences of the two nematodes were identified and grouped by e-value.Our analysis of the homologous gene functions by gene ontology indicated that those genes might play significant roles in the regulation of nematode development.Our results can supply with additional feasible technologies and approaches to gain insights into the molecular basis of a mutualistic relationship between plant and nematodes and a new route for controlling plant parasite nematode.Keywords：Meloidogyne incognita;Caenorhabditis elegans;EST;homologous genes;gene functional analysis8|3|0<HTML><DownloadPDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2023-12-22
- Abstract：Effects of cucumber seedling extractions and graft seedling on microbe quantity and enzyme activities in different soil layers were observed by three equipment of root box in general rotation and continuous growing soils.The results showed that grafting could increase the total number of microflora,bacteria and actinomyce,decrease the number of fungi and enhance the activities of polyhenol oxidase,catalase,urease and saccharase;allelopathic potential of grafting on different soil layers were decreased by the increasing form from the root in contrast with control.In addition,effects of grafting were more significant in general rotation that in continuous soils.The results indicated that grafting changed the microbial community,increased the number of benefit microflora,and enhanced soil enzyme activities in near soil layers from root which reduced continuous cropping obstacles,while amendment of grafting on far 5 cm soil layers were not significant.4|1|0<HTML><DownloadPDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2023-12-22
- Abstract：Agricultural land is one of the most important land use types in the world,so we need to make a deeper research on agricultural land driving mechanism.This paper analyzes the characteristics of agricultural land use unit and farm household land use unit,and there are some mismatches between the objectives of farm household land use and the supply capacity of agricultural land,which lead to the fundamental inducement of land use due to the micro-decision of the household.So we put forward three farm household types:the first one preferring for grain productivity,the second one preferring for profit,and the third one preferring for both.Then,on the basis of discussing the impact factors of farm household land use,we have designed the interactive concept framework between agricultural land use unit and farm household land use unit limited in land property right system and the land use control system.The household land use making-decision is the loop of the farm households’ perception in land characteristics and their responses to land.At first,the households evaluate their family demands and their arable land quality,location,and etc,and identify their preference for grain productivity or value productivity of farmland,then would have a plan about the distribution of their labors between agriculture and non-agriculture and cultivated land between grain crops and cash crops,which would lead to the change of land use pattern and land use intensity at plot level.At the same time,we probe into the arrangement of farm household labors in the principle of household’s profit maximization using econometric model and concept graphs.Keywords：household decision unit;agricultural land use unit;decision making process;interactive relationship4|1|0<HTML><DownloadPDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2023-12-22
- Abstract：Archaea-driven methanogenesis within the rumen not only consumes 6%－10% of the energy intake,but also releases substantial methane as an important greenhouse gas,which makes it a critical issue for the sustainable development of livestock industries under global climate changes.Seeking of an effective and stable methanogenesis inhibition strategy makes it necessary to further understand the archaeal diversity in the rumen.Here we summaries the current status archaea census in the rumen.It is found that some mismatch exists between the archaea specific primers and 16S rRNA gene sequences originated from some taxa of archaea.The phylogenetic and rarefaction analysis to the 3112 ruminal archaeal 16S rRNA gene sequences indicates that rumen archaeal community is characterized of low diversity on genus level,while the dominant Methanobrevibacter account for 70.1% of the total,implying that methane production might be inhibited by a specific target only a narrowing range of taxa.However,the structure of rumen archaea community differs between host genotype,diet and environmental conditions,which provides challenges for seeking an effective and stable rumen methanogenesis inhibition strategy.Keywords：ruminant;rumen archaea;16S rRNA;diversity;methanogenesis3|1|0<HTML><DownloadPDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2023-12-22
- Abstract：The aim was to investigate the association between DGAT2 gene and milk production in dairy goats.Polymorphism of the intron 5 of DGAT2 gene was detected by using PCR-SSCP(Polymerase Chain Reaction-Single Strand Conformation Polymorphism) in a population of 197 Xinong Saanen dairy goats.There were three genotypes in intron 5 of DGAT2 gene,i.e.AA,AB and BB,and their frequencies were 0.228 4,0.406 1,0.365 5 respectively.There was significant association between different genotypes in milk yield and milk fat percentage (P＜0.05).Milk yield and milk fat percentage in goats with genotypes AA and AB was significant higher than that in those with genotype BB (P＜0.05).No significant effect of different genotypes on their milk protein percentage and milk sugar percentage was found.The result suggested that DGAT2 gene has some effect on milk production traits.Keywords：Xinong Saanen dairy goat;diacylgycerol acyltransferase 2 (;DGAT2;);PCR-SSCP;milk production traits0|1|0<HTML><DownloadPDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2023-12-22
- Abstract：This research was conducted to study the influence of adding copper and molybdenum either singly or in combination in diets on nutrient digestion and metabolism in Liaoning cashmere goats during the cashmere growing period.Twelve castrated Liaoning cashmere goats (1.5-year-old) ruminally fistulated were randomly and averagely assigned into four groups and each group has three goats.The trial were assigned into two period,fed a basal diet that was supplemented with either 0 or Mo (DM) 5 mg/kg and each period has four differents copper level (Cu:0,19,28 and 38 mg/kg,DM) diets.The results indicated that:1) Supplemental different copper level in the basal diet significantly increased dry matter digestibility,ADF and NDF digestibility,but significantly decreased dry matter intake and copper digestibility (P<0.05).2) Supplemental Molybdenum significantly increased ADF,NDF and copper digestibility,but significantly decreased nitrogen metabolism (P<0.05) .3) Collaborative effect of copper and molybdenum on dry matter,ADF,NDF and copper digestibility was significantly changed (P<0.05).The results suggested that the optimal copper and molybdenum of cashmere goats during the cashmere growing period were Mo (DM) 5 mg/kg and Cu (DM) 19 mg/kg in daily diet.Keywords：Cashmere goat;copper;molybdenum;digestibility0|1|0<HTML><DownloadPDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2023-12-22
- Abstract：Twenty-four Limousin crossbred bulls were used to test the effects of rumen-protected lysine (RPL) supplementations on the carcass characteristics and meat quality.Animals were randomly divided to four groups,where 6 bulls per group receiving one of the following 4 dietary treatments:the control diet,control diet plus 5 g RPLys/bull/day,control diet plus 10 g RPLys/bull/day,and 15 g RPLys/bull/day.All the bulls were slaughtered after 14 weeks at the end of the trial.Results showed that supplementing dietary RPLys caused linearly (Y=-0.016X+0.585) decreased backfat (BF) depth,i.e.,the treatment with no RPLys supplementation exhibited a higher (P＜0.05) backfat depth than 15 g/d g supplementation.Increasing lysine supplementation resulted in a quadratic effect (P=0.048) in b*.15 g/d lysine supplementation exhibited a greater dressing percentage (DP) and meat protein than 0 g/d supplementation (P＜0.05).ASP (Y=0.015 2X+7.831) and ILE (Y=0.008 4X+4.317) of meat increased linearly as lysine supplementation increased.However,lysine supplementation had no effect on the other amino acids,essential amino acids (EAA),nonessential amino acids (NEAA) and total amino acids(TAA).Keywords：beef cattle;rumen-protected lysine;carcass characteristics;meat quality;backfat depth;amino acids3|2|0<HTML><DownloadPDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2023-12-22
- Abstract：This study involved six treatments,using diets supplemented with/without 70 μg/kg 25-hydroxy-cholecalciferol (25-OH-D3) and 1 500 U/g phytase.Each treatment was assigned to 8 pens of 10 d age male Beijing ducks.Growth performance,mineral contents of bone and serum,bone mineralization,bone breaking and litter P were determined at 21 and 35 d respectively.The results showed:1)There was no effect on performance and bone mineralization with decrease in concentrations of P(0.45%,0.4%),while Beijing duck tibia ash and strength decreased significantly(P＜0.05) when fed with 0.35% P compared to diets with 0.4% P at 20 d.2)Compared to the group with 0.4% P in the diets,the concentration of fece P was decreased significantly during the period of 18 to 20 d with the decrease in concentrations of P(0.35%,0.3% and 0.25%) in diets supplemented with 25-OH-D3 and phytase,while weight gain(10 to 20 d),tibia ash and strength decreased significantly(P＜0.01 or P＜0.05).3)There was no effect on performance and bone mineralization between groups from 21 to 35 d of age.Based on above results,the optimum requirement of available P was 0.4% or 0.3% when diets supplementated with 70 ug/kg 25-hydroxycholecalciferol and 1 500 U/g phytase.0|1|0<HTML><DownloadPDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2023-12-22
- Abstract：Avermectins were simply extracted with acetonitrile from milk.The sample solution was diluted with water and mini triethylamine.Avermectins were selectively concentrated by one 500 mg C18 cartridge.The elution was evaporated to dryness and derivatized,and then was determined by HPLC with fluorescence detection.The results showed that the concentrations of the four drugs were linearly correlated with their peak areas and the coefficient ≥0.99.The average recoveries of 4 target drugs range from 70.2% to 110.4% when spiked 2－1 000 μg/kg.The intra-coefficients of variation were in the range of 3.9%－8.2% and the inter-coefficients of variation were in the range of 5.1%－8.2%.The limit of detection was 0.5,0.5,0.4 and 0.2 μg/kg for eprinomectin,avermectin,doramectin and ivermectin,respectively,when calculated with 3 S/N.And the quantitation limit was 1.8,1.6,1.3 and 0.8 μg/kg,respectively.The most significant aspect of the present study was the much simplified sample preparation procedure.Only one reverse SPE without additional cleanup method was used for preparing samples.It is a rapid,specific,and sensitive method for determination of avermectin residues in milk.Keywords：milk;avermectins;residue;C18 solid phase extraction;HPLC;fluorescence detection1|1|0<HTML><DownloadPDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2023-12-22
- Abstract：The interaction of bromadiolone (BRD) and calf thymus deoxyribonucleic acid (ct-DNA) was studied by spectroscopy.By ct-DNA,hyperchromicity in UV spectra of BRD was attained,while red shift and isobestic point were not observed.At the same time,there is obvious quenching effect on BRD fluorescence spectra after addition of ct-DNA.The decrease of BRD fluorescence is in the static quenching mode.The quenching constant (KSV) and binding constants were calculated at different temperatures.Thermodynamic analysis suggested that the binding of BRD and ct-DNA is mainly the hydrogen bond and Van der Waals forces.UV spectra,competition test,iodide quenching test and ionic strength effect test showed that the interaction of BRD and ct-DNA was by grooves binding.Keywords：bromadiolone;calf thymus deoxyribonucleic acid;fluorescence spectrum;UV absorption spectrum;groove binding0|1|0<HTML><DownloadPDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2023-12-22
- Abstract：The quality changes of bream(Megalobrama amblycephala)at different temperatures were studied.Packages of fresh bream were stored under 20,4 and -3 ℃,respectively.The influences of different temperatures on freshness of bream were analyzed by monitoring the changes in sensory,microorganism and chemical indicators.The results showed that under 20 ℃,the sensory quality exceeded the acceptability limit with the score of 15.00 on the second day of storage,the total volatile basic nitrogen( TVB-N ) was 215.1 mg/kg,the total viable count was above 107 CFU/g and K value was 55.22%.The thiobarbituric acid (TBA) value was 0.47 mg/kg on the 5th day of storage.Under 4 ℃,the sensory score (16.67) exceeded the acceptability level and the w(TVB-N) exceeded 200 mg/kg on the 14th day of storage.The total viable count was 2.88×107 CFU/g,K value was 55.22% and the w(TBA) was below 2 mg/kg on the 16th day of storage.Under -3 ℃,the sensory score was 17.00 and the fish lost its edibility on the 37th day of the storage,the w(TBA) exceeds 2 mg/kg on 41st day of storage.At the end of the storage (the 46th day),the total viable count was less than 107 CFU/g,along with the w(TVB-N) of less than 200 mg/kg and K value below 55%.It can be concluded that the shelf life is 1 day at 20 ℃,12 days at 4 ℃ and 33 days at －3 ℃ according to the changes of all indicators,and storage of －3 ℃ can increase the shelf life markedly compared to 20 ℃ and 4 ℃ storage.Keywords：bream;total viable count;sensory evaluation;chemical indicator0|1|0<HTML><DownloadPDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2023-12-22
- Abstract：The changes of toona sinensis’s total polyphones and antioxidant activity under different processing approaches was studied.Toona sinensis was treated with different methods,respectively,such as picking,blanching,bake-drying and freeze-drying.The total polyphones in toona sinensis was evaluated by Folin-Ciocaileu while the antioxidant activity was evaluated by the Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power and DPPH.The results showed that through 47 days’ picking,the total polyphones in toona sinensis decreased by about 94% and the antioxidant activity decreased at the beginning,then boomed,finally decreased again.A 7-min blanching made the total polyphones in toona sinensis reduced by about 60% with the antioxidant activity changing of 10%.By freeze-drying and bake-drying,the total polyphones in toona sinensis decreased,respectively,by about 60% and 70%;and antioxidant activities were increased about 3 and 2 times,respectively.Keywords：toona sinensis;polyphones;processing;antioxidant activity1|1|0<HTML><DownloadPDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2023-12-22
- Abstract：According to the principles of ergonomics and vehicle human-machine interface design,the experimental platform for ergonomics in combine cab was developed.It consists of the hardware facilities and a software control system,in which the hardware system includes seats,consoles and controllers.The geometric position of the hardware could be adjusted automatically through the software control system.Therefore,the relationship among various components could be matched,and the layout of the human-machine interface in combine cab could be simulated.Moreover,the experimental data can be saved for future study.The experimental platform was produced,assembled,and tested based on a combine cab.The results show that the developed experimental platform could provide the moving of components accurately,and it meets the needs of related ergonomics experiment.Keywords：combine;cab;experimental platform;ergonomics;control1|1|0<HTML><DownloadPDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2023-12-22
- Abstract：In order to study the relations among the power consumption of threshing and separating with feed amount,peripheral velocity of threshing cylinder,threshing clearance and structural style of threshing cylinder under the canola indirect harvester conditions.The authors adopted the orthogonal test method with four factors of three levels to analyze the peak value and typical value of actual power consumption and to reach the minimum power consumption by feeding amount of 1.4 kg/s,roller speed of 650 r/min,threshing clearance of 20 mm and spike-tooth 6 row.The major influencing factors were the feed amount and roller speed from intuitive analysis.The variance analysis indicated that feed amount,rotate speed of threshing cylinder,threshing clearance and threshing cylinder form had no marked impact on peak value and typical value of actual power consumption.Keywords：indirect harvester of canola;threshing and separating;orthogonal test;power consumption1|1|0<HTML><DownloadPDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2023-12-22
- Abstract：In order to test the feasibility of the normal distribution model of electrolyte transport,the experiments were conducted to collect runoff data on a hill-slope under three rainfall intensities and five slope degrees.The normal distribution model method was used to estimate the velocity values which were compared with the velocity values measured with the traditional volumetric method.The results indicated that the feasibility of the model on measurement of velocity of shallow water flow on a hill-slope under rainfall cases.Under lower slope gradients and rainfall intensities,the velocity values estimated by the normal distribution model were to some extent close with those measured by the traditional volumetric method.As the slope gradients and rainfall intensities increased,the velocity estimated with the normal distribution model is less accurate due to the lateral diffusion of electrolyte.Keywords：velocity measurement;electrolyte tracer;pulse model;normal distribution model;shallow water flow1|1|0<HTML><DownloadPDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2023-12-22
- Abstract：Based on the investigation of the linear elastic crack problems,a time-domain hypersingular integral equation (TD-HIE) method was applied to solve a crack elastic-plastic problem in a three-dimensional electro-magneto-thermo-elastic coupled viscoplastic multiphase composite.Then,the crack elastic-plastic problem was reduced to solving a set of time-domain hypersingular integral equations,in which the unknown functions were the extended incremental displacement discontinuity gradients.Based on the analytical solution of singular extended stress field near the crack front,a numerical method of the TD-HIEs for a rectangular crack subjected to extended incremental loads was proposed with the extended incremental displacement discontinuity gradients approximated by the product of time-domain basic density functions and polynomials.Finally,some examples were calculated,and the extended stresses near the crack front were presented.Keywords：electro-magneto-thermo-elastic coupled multiphase composites;crack;hypersingular integral equation;extended incremental integral0|1|0<HTML><DownloadPDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2023-12-22
