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- Abstract：Long-awn trait was preserved from wild rice (Oryza rufipogon),but in modern,the awnless varieties were developed by breeder.Up to now,there was no report about fine mapping or cloning awn gene.We developed a backcross between long-awn SLG (Japonica) as donor came from National Germplasm Library and awnless Nipponbare (Japonica),and selected a small BC4F2 population which segregation ratio of awn accorded with 3∶1 to develop a large mapping population with heterozygous BC4F2 plants.Using bulked segregant analysis (BSA),from 1 512 SSR makers evenly distributed on rice genome,we rough mapped the awn gene between RM6283 and RM5685 on chromosome 3,named AWN3-1.After developed and screened new markers,AWN3-1 was fine-mapped between marker Y5 and marker Y9,which genetic distance was 0.5 and 0.4 cM,respectively.This work provided a useful help for cloning AWN3-1.Keywords：rice;awn;NIL;gene mapping2|5|0<HTML><DownloadPDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2023-12-22
- Abstract：Select Liaotian 1 and Liaotian 3 as test materials,their brix of stalk juice at the grain filling stage,milk stage and maturing stage were determined.The variation pattern of brix in different internodes and relationship between whole stalk brix and brix in different internodes at maturity stage were analysised.The results showed that sugar content in stalk of sweet sorghum improving with the development of the growth process.The maximum brix appeared at dough stage or beginning of maturing stage,at the same time,the number of internodes with high sugar content reach a high proportion.Brix revealed the low - high - low trend during the three growing stages.The distribution of sugar in different internodes presents a shape likes parabola.Sugar content in the upper part of stalk were high and changed actively.The highest brix of Liaotian 1 and Liaotian 3 were both at 6th internode.The standard deviation between whole stalk brix and brix in different internodes trended to "W"-shape curve.The whole stalk brix of Liaotian 1 and Liaotian 3 can be used to represented by the average brix of internode No.(3+9)/2 and internode No.(4+10)/2 respectively.Keywords：sorghum;internode;brix;energy5|1|0<HTML><DownloadPDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2023-12-22
- Abstract：The responses of morphological indexes,photosynthetic gas exchange,chlorophyll fluorescence,physiological indexes and stomata characters to different water stress (70%-80% of field capacity as no stress,40%-50% of field capacity as light stress,20%-30% of field capacity as high stress) in seedlings of two cucumber cultivars (var.'Qianqiu No.5’ and var. 'Qianchun No.7’). The growth of the two cultivars was inhibited under the drought stress. The water stress resulted in progressively decreases in relative water content of leaves,net photosynthesis rate (Pn),stomatal conductance (Gs),transpiration rate (Tr),the actual photosynthesis efficiency of PSⅡ in the light (ΦPSⅡ),the electron transport rate (ETR),photochemical quenching (qP) and proportion of PSⅡ photochemistry (P),but the non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) and proportion of antenna heat dissipation(D) increased.The intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) decreased at light stress,but increased at high stress,which indicated that the decline of Pn was considered as a result of stomatal restriction under light stress,but non-stomatal restriction under high stress.The leaf pigment decreased,but increased for the contents of malon-dialdehyde,the proline as well as the activities of superoxide dismutase,peroxidase and catalase.The density of leaf stomata,open stomata proportion decreased progressively.The stomata were of smaller,low density,and most closed.Density of trichomes decreased.The cucumber cv.'Qianchun No.7’ was more drought-tolerant than var.'Qianqiu No.5’.Keywords：cucumber;drought stress;photosynthesis;chlorophyll fluorescence;stomata characters5|1|0<HTML><DownloadPDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2023-12-22
- Abstract：To explore the relationship between Pepper CMS and its parent line,the fertility and SNP sites for Pepper CMS and its maintained line were investigated.Capsicum mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) was extracted from leaves of cytoplasmic male sterile line and its maintainer line based on high salt proteinase K method in the study.Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphsim (AFLP) technique was applied to compare the mtDNA difference between CMS line and maintainer of pepper.The specific fragments were detected in the products amplified by 128 primers.The size of the specific fragments was around 126 and 140 bp.Sequencing analysis by using BLAST program showed that the fragment CanLE is similar to cytochrome P450 and the fragment CanLB is related to lysyl-tRNA synthetase.The full length of cytochrome P450 gene from pepper was cloned.Five SNP mutations was discovered by comparing the sequences of the CMS and its maintainer line.Three nucleotide variations didn’t cause the changes of amino acids,thus they were synonymy mutations.However the rest of the two nucleotide variations resulted in the changes of their corresponding amino acids.Keywords：pepper;cytoplasmic male sterility;mtDNA;AFLP;SNP0|1|0<HTML><DownloadPDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2023-12-22
- Abstract：One cDNAs segments encoding NCEDs which was the critical step in regulation of abscisic acid(ABA) synthesis in higher plant(zucchini) using RT-PCR and RACE-PCR and named it as CpNCED1.Using Real time RT-PCR,the expression pattern of CpNCED1 was determined.The results suggest that the DNA sequence of CpNCED1 homology with tomato、avocado、citrus was 61.90%(LeNCED1)、62.15%(PaNCED1)、62.55%(PaNCED3)、54.67%(CsNCED1)、56.23%(CsNCED2),and the homology of protein was 69.75%、65.74%、66.67%、68.75%、71.76% .The expression of CpNCED1 has three peak after bloom in pulp,and this consistent with the accumulation of ABA.The expression of CpNCED1 has a peak at 25 days after bloom(DAB) in peep,and the expression of CpNCED1 has not obvious change in seeds.ABA content of peep and seeds was resond consistent with the expression of CpNCED1.Ethylene production capacity was very lower during growth and development of zucchini fruit,and the respiration rates was higher at 20 DAB.The result show the ripening of zucchini fruit was mainly related with the regulation of ABA,and the role of ethylene was not important.Keywords：zucchini;CpNCED1;ABA;real time RT-PCR0|9|0<HTML><DownloadPDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2023-12-22
- Abstract：This research based on the status quo that evaluation system of mung bean sprouts characteristics is imperfect and identifying of high-quality breed is indefinite,utilize fifty-five representative resources of mung bean as test materials;simulate factory germination process,use principal component analysis and K-means clustering analysis and correlation analysis to Initial evaluate mung bean sprouts characteristics according to ten traits of mung bean and mung bean sprouts.The results showed that production factors and sprouts factors play a more important role than nutritional factors .Variation range of yield per plant is larger than that of bean sprouts output,and play a greater role in the process of classification.Mung bean yield per plant was significantly correlated with kernel weight(P＜0.01).Bean sprouts output was significantly positively correlated with hypocotyl length,and was significantly negatively correlated with kernel weight and mung bean protein content(P＜0.01).To evaluate mung bean sprouts characteristics,should think about yield per plant and bean sprouts output more than bean sprouts morphological index and protein content of seed,preferentially select yield per plant≥12.70 and bean sprouts output≥7.75 as varieties resources of mung bean for sprouts.Keywords：mung bean;sprouts characteristics;characters;Initial evaluation1|1|0<HTML><DownloadPDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2023-12-22
- Abstract：How the carbohydrates change with the growth of Haloxylon ammodendro is very important,but remains elusive.In this study,one to four year old H. ammodendron were collected in autumn and the contents of structural and non-structural carbohydrate from different organs were measured.The results showed that:1) With the growth of H.ammodendron from one year to four years,the accumulation of non-structural carbohydrate increased exponentially,their correspond accumulation of non-structural carbohydrate were 9.40,17.75,73.18,239.52 g/strain respectively.2)The contents of carbohydrate were various in different organs of H.ammodendron.Among that the content of non-structural carbohydrate in roots is the highest;the content in photosynthetic branches is less;the content in stems is the least.However,the content of structural carbohydrate in stems is the highest,the content in roots is less,the content in photosynthetic branches is the least.The results provide the theoretical basis for the available two form of carbohydrate in different organs at different ages of H.ammodendron.Keywords：Haloxylon ammodendron;carbohydrate;treeage1|1|0<HTML><DownloadPDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2023-12-22
- Abstract：In order to understand the interspecific relationship and taxonomy of Spiraea L.,the pollen morphology of 18 species of Spiraea L.,were observed with scanning electron microscope (SEM) as well as analyzing principal component and cluster of pollen morphology.Eight species of Spiraea L.were firtst studied and reported.It was found that the pollen of 18 species of Spiraea L.was shape of prolate and subsphaeroidal,the polar view nearly spherical and trilobate round,the equatorial view dolicho-round,oblong and fusiform,the size (12.5－20.7) μm×(10.58－18.3) μm,P/E between 1.01 to 1.94,small type with 3-colporate and inner hole evaginating in parts of species.The type of exine emblazonry was fringe and stripe reticular.The pollen of exine ornamentation had classification importance because of its difference.It was first time to find special brain-stripe structure in germinal furrow of S.elegans.The important characters of pollen morphology were stripe trend,equatorial view,pore diameter,lira width,polar view,emblazonry type,P,L/E in Spiraea L.18 species of Spiraea L.could be divided into five groups based on their pollen morphology,which was in line with classical morphology classification.Pollen morphology could be the important evidence for interspecific classification.3|1|0<HTML><DownloadPDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2023-12-22
- Abstract：Seven wheat cultivars,with different resistances to wheat stripe rust in Gangu station of Gansu and Shangzhuang station of Beijng,were used to study the effects of cultivar mixtures on wheat stripe rust and yield.The experiment was performed with seven mono-cultivar plots and 25 mixed-cultivar plots which has different cultivar combinations.The resistance of cultivar was classified based on Relative Resistance Index (RRI),and the parameter Relative Effectiveness of Mixture(REM)was adopted to analyze the control and yield effects.The results indicated that compared to mono-susceptible-cultivar plot,mixed-susceptible-cultivar plots had strong control effect on wheat stripe rust,the disease index dropped significantly within a range from 6.0 to 88.6,averaging 30.5.The improvement effects of cultivar mixtures on wheat yield was also obvious,14 out of 25 mixed treatments had improved yield (REM>1),accounting for 56%.In Gangu station the control effect is the best when resistant(R) and high sensitive (HS) cultivars were mixed in 5∶1 ratios,but in Shangzhuang station the control effect is the best when high resistant(HR) ,middle resistant (MR)and susceptible (S) cultivars were mixed in 1∶1∶1 ratios.Therefore,cultivar mixtures had certain control effect on wheat stripe rust and improvement effects of wheat yield is dependent on cultivar origin and their portions in the mixture.As one of the comprehensive measures,cultivar-mixture has application significance in wheat production.Keywords：wheat;stripe rust;cultivar mixtures;yield;varietal diversity1|1|0<HTML><DownloadPDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2023-12-22
- Abstract：Wheat stripe rust,caused by Puccinia striiformis f.sp.tritici,is the most important wheat disease in China.The epidemics of wheat stripe rust are related to long-distance transports of the pathogen driven by winds.In this study,long-distance transports of the pathogen,especially the interrelationships between the inoculum sources in Northwestern China,Northern China,Xinjiang,Sichuan,Yunnan and Guizhou,were investigated by using HYSPLIT-4 model based on historical meteorological data.Results indicated that in autum the pathogen into Northwestern China is mainly transported from Sichuan,Yunnan and Guizhou,that into Northern China is mainly from Northwestern China,Sichuan,Yunnan and Guizhou,that into Sichuan is mainly from Northwestern China,Yunnan and Guizhou,that into Yunnan is mainly from Guizhou,and that into Guizhou is mainly from Yunnan.Results suggested that in spring the inoculum sources in Northern China mainly cover the wheat production areas in this region.In spring,the sources in Northwest China mainly impact the disease epidemics in Northwestern China,Northern China and Sichuan,and that in Sichuan,Yunnan and Guizhou have great effects on Northern,Northwestern and Southwestern China.The exotic sources hardly influence Xinjiang either in autumn or in spring.The pathogen from Xinjiang could be occasionally transported to other regions with minor impact.3|2|0<HTML><DownloadPDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2023-12-22
- Abstract：A cDNA library was constructed to investigate late blight disease-resistant mechanism and initially obtained some disease resistant related Expressed Sequenced Tags(ESTs) of tomato(Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) leaves infected by late blight disease (Phytophthora infestans) using SMART (Switching mechanism at 5' end of RNA transcript) technique.The library had a high titer of 2.3×109 pfu/ml with a recombination rate of 96%.The inserted cDNA fragments ranged from 0.1~2.0 kb by PCR detection.After differential screening on the cDNA library,107 ESTs were identified and their GenBank accession numbers were GT742146-GT742150 and GT865998-GT866099.BLAST analysis showed that:75 ESTs presented significant similarity to the genes identified from other species.It was found that 42.7% of the ESTs involved in energy metabolism,10.7% in cellular life activities and signal conduction,9.3% in gene transcription and translation and 25.3% of the ESTs was involved in resistance.32 ESTs with low similarity or no match to the known genes,and they may contain some unidentified functions.The cDNA library enjoyed good quality and rich information,and the information generated in this study had established a basis for screening candidate genes involved in tomato disease-resistant.0|1|0<HTML><DownloadPDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2023-12-22
- Abstract：By using pot plantlets as test materials,the resistance of Prunus tomentosa Thumb to Meloidogyne arenaria was studied via artificial inoculation and staining method of acidic fuchsin.Results showed that:1) 1.4% second stage juvenile nematodes (J2) penetrated and 0.3% of them developed to female nematodes in all 1 000 inoculation J2 per plantlet;2) P.tomentosa Thumb was highly resistant to M.arenaria according to the number of gall and female nematode;3)Resistance was segregated in seedlings;immuned,highly resistant and resistant genotypes were found in P.tomentosa Thumb,for which the proportions were 5.0%、86.7% and 8.3%,respectively.P.tomentosa Thumb was a good resistant species and germplasm resource for M.arenaria because it can resist the penetration and delay the development of juvenile nematodes.0|1|0<HTML><DownloadPDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2023-12-22
- Abstract：In order to screen the resistant rootstocks for Prunus,the resistance to root-knot nematode was evaluated with inoculating root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita,and then identifying the resistant plants.The resistant gene analogs from DNA and cDNA of Myrobalan plum were amplified by using degenerated primers based on the conserved regions of Nucleotide Binding Site (NBS)-Leucine Rich Repeat (LRR) domain from plant resistance genes reported.Six resistance gene analogs were obtained and named psoRPM1,psoRPM2,psoRPM3,psoRPM4,psoRPM5 and psoRPM6(GenBank accession number: HM593974,HM593975,HM593970,HM593971,HM593972,HM593973),respectively.Putative amino acid sequences deduced from the first four RGAs shared above 90% identity with the resistance genes from peach,sour cherry,sweet cherry and cherry blossom.All the six RGAs contained the conserved regions of Nucleotide Binding Site (NBS) and belonged to the non TIR-NBS-LRR class.The RT-PCR showed that the expression of the psoRPM1 and the psoRPM6 was significantly increased at 12 and 24 h after the inoculation of M.incognita,indicating the two genes might play important roles in the resistance to the root-knot nematodes.The first cloning of the RGAs from the Myrobalan plum laid a promising foundation for cloning resistance genes from Myrobalan plum and molecular breeding.Keywords：Myrobalan plum;root-knot nematodes;gene clone;resistant plants;NBS-LRR;expression analysis0|1|0<HTML><DownloadPDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2023-12-22
- Abstract：In order to identify the growth of protein and fat in carcass and feather,and the efficiencies of energy utilization for protein and fat deposition,the growth curve of protein and fat of broilers from 0 to 8 weeks and effects of varying energy and protein intakes on the performance,body protein and body fat of broilers at three stages were investigated.First experiment included three hundred and twenty-four 0, 21,and 42 day old Arbor Acres (AA) broilers, which were randomly arranged by sex and diets into 18 treatments,where 3 replicates each treatment and 6 chicks each replication.Broilers were fed with 90%,70% and 50% restriction of ad libitum intake,separately.Each day,broilers were supplied with three allowances of high-protein basal feed and appropriate amount of starch which were determined by 3 feeding levels.Thus,9 diets with different energy to protein ratios were formed.Second experiment:one hundred and forty-four 0 day old Arbor Acres (AA) broilers were randomly arranged by sex into 2 treatments,where 4 replicates each treatment and 18 chicks each replication.At the beginning and the end of the trials,broilers were killed,and the body compositions were determined.The results showed:1) Gompertz function could describe the growth curves of the protein and fat in male and female AA chicken,and there was significant difference in the ultimate weight of protein,that of feather protein (P<0.05);and the growth rate of feather protein and that of feather fat (P<0.05),but not in the growth rate of carcass protein and that of carcass protein (P>0.05) by sex;2) Average energy requirements for maintaining in male and female broilers at three stages were 387.53,373.21,379.09;458.73,416.60,437.14;470.44,420.04,441.42 kJ/(kg·d)(BW2/3),the efficiencies of energy utilization for protein deposition in male and female broilers at three stages were 0.62,0.60;0.66,0.62;0.66,0.62,the efficiencies of energy utilization for fat deposition in male and female broilers were 0.59, 0.64;0.75,0.80;0.77,0.81.Model could be constructed according to above resultto predict energy requirement for broilers.Keywords：broiler;energy;carcass;feather;protein;fat;model1|1|0<HTML><DownloadPDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2023-12-22
- Abstract：Polymorphism information content (PIC),effective number of alleles (E) and heterozygosity (h) were calculated for each breed of the 995 Landrace and Yorkshire pigs by using the 8 SSCP-SNPs markers of the reproductive traits candidate genes.Dominant and disadvantage genotypes of each breed were found through comparing TNB and NBA associated with genotypes of each SNP locus.The results showed that 3 of 8 SNP loci were moderate polymorphic effect markers for analysis of genetic relationship among pig breeds,and another 5 loci were high polymorphic effect markers. Genotype AA at C424G locus of IL-8 gene was the most dominant genotype in Landrace or Yorkshire while Genotype AB at C1489T locus of VEGF gene and Genotype AB at Intron1 977A locus of IL-8 gene were the most disadvantage genotypes in Landrace and Yorkshire.All of three genotypes at different locus could be carried out in molecular breeding for marker-assisted selection breeding.Keywords：pig;litter size;genetic diversity;polymorphism4|1|0<HTML><DownloadPDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2023-12-22
- Abstract：The present study was conducted to investigate activation of in vitro maturated goat follicular oocytes and parthenogenetic embryo development in vitro.The results showed that:The cleavage rate were 50.5%,62.5%,60.4% and 60.2% after activated by Ca-A23187 at 5.0,10.0,15.0 and 20.0 μmol/L respectively,and the cleavage rate of 5.0 μmol/ L was significantly lower than that of other groups (P<0.01).The cleavage rate were 40.6%,63.7%,64.2% and 65.3% after activated by ethanol at 30,70,110 and 150 mL/L respectively,and the cleavage rate of 30 mL/L ethanol was significantly lower than that of other groups (P<0.01).The blastocyst rate of 30,150 mL/L group was significantly lower than that of 70,110 mL/L group (P＜0.01).When embryos were co-cultured with GCs in media with the same concentration (100 mL/L) of OCS,FCS and NCS,the blastocyst rate of parthenogenetic embryo added OCS and FCS (49.1%,48.2% resepctively) were significantly higher than which added NCS (25.3%,P<0.01).It was concluded that,adding OCS,FCS and NCS in media could significantly increased development of goat parthenogenetic embryos in vitro,moreover,the blastocyst rate of parthenogenetic embryos were significantly increased.0|3|0<HTML><DownloadPDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2023-12-22
- Abstract：This study focused on screening lactic acid bacteria with high production capacity of γ-amino butyric acid (GABA) from traditional fermented food.The GABA production of 82 lactic acid bacteria strains was measured by thin layer chromatography (TLC) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).The strain S35 with high production capacity of GABA was screened and its GABA yield reached 4.52 g/L.Finally,the strain S35 was identified as Lactobacillus plantarum by identification of physical,biochemical and identification of API 50 CHL and 16S rRNA sequence.Keywords：fermented food;γ-amino butyric acid (GABA);Lactobacillus plantarum;TLC;HPLC4|1|0<HTML><DownloadPDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2023-12-22
- Abstract：A strain of Bacillus coagulans L42,which enables a high rate production of β-galactosidase,was isolated from soil sample.The fermentation conditions were optimized for this enzyme.The results showed that Bacillus coagulans L42 grow best at 45 ℃ with the medium (g/L) of sucrose 10,maltose 5,soluble starch 5,yeast extract 6.7,tryptone 13.3 and KCl 1.5.After fermentation of 48 h,the total enzyme activity was up to 7.1 U/mL,while the highest activity of the secreted extracellular enzyme was 3.0 U/mL after fermentation of 60 h.The optimum temperature and pH of the extracellular enzyme activity were 65 ℃ and pH 6.0,respectively.The enzyme could completely hydrolyze lactose into glucose and galactose.The enzyme can be applied to the production of lactose-free dairy products.Keywords：Bacillus coagulans;β-galactosidase;extracellular enzyme;fermentation0|1|0<HTML><DownloadPDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2023-12-22
- Abstract：In order to predict solute partition coefficients between complex solution systems,in consideration of the existence of experimental and calculated values of solute octanol-water partition coefficient (Kow),three activity coefficient models,UNIFAC model,extended Hansen model and NRTL-SAC model,were used respectively to carry out preliminary validation and comparison for 63 kinds of selected solutes in this study.The values of standard errors of the estimate (SEE) between the logarithmical values of solute Kow from the experiments and the calculated ones from the three methods were 0.827,1.063 and 0.617,respectively and the values of square correlation coefficient (R2) were 0.662,0.734 and 0.868,respectively.The highest prediction accuracy was obtained from NRTL-SAC model and the lowest one from extended Hansen model.The results show that NRTL-SAC model can be a useful tool in predicting the solute octanol-water partition coefficient with simple calculation process and high precision.UNIFAC model can be applied to predict octanol-water partition coefficient of solutes with fitted functional group-group parameter values.There are positive deviations between experimental and calculated values of octanol-water partition coefficient by extended Hansen model.Keywords：activity coefficient;octanol-water partition coefficient;UNIFAC model;extended Hansen model;NRTL-SAC model0|1|0<HTML><DownloadPDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2023-12-22
- Abstract：The Wuwei basin in middle reaches of the Shiyang River basin was selected to analyze the application of eight spatial interpolation methods to groundwater level variation based on ArcGIS.The results showed that IDW method has a higher error and is prone to appear "buphthalmos".The data must present a strong global or local trendy when used for polynomial interpolation,which results in larger errors for outlier cutoffs data.Radial Basis Function needs data with little change.However,the results from Kriging method fit well,especially for outlier cutoffs.Compared with SK,the errors of OK and UK are smaller with the smooth simulated groundwater water levels,which satisfy the actual trend of groundwater levels.Keywords：arid inland area;groundwater levels;spatial interpolation;ArcGIS;Wuwei basin1|1|0<HTML><DownloadPDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2023-12-22
- Abstract：In order to understand better the scale and structure of China’s farmers financial assets,and explore the objective laws of farmers portfolio behavior,we surveyed 2 450 households of Jiangxi province,studied the farmers portfolio behavior and its influencing factors with comparative analysis and empirical analysis.The results showed that farmers financial assets held a certain position in the farmers property,and presented the increasing trend gradually.The farmer behavior of financial assets showed some features of strong preference of savings,cash in hand cause of diversity.Income of farmers was the main factors affecting household financial assets.Their income largely determined the level of financial assets.Based on the analysis,we proposed countermeasures.Keywords：farmer;financial asset;financial asset behavior;factors;empirical analysis0|1|0<HTML><DownloadPDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2023-12-22
