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- Abstract：Three upland rice varieties,one traditional landrace (TL) and the other two modern varieties (MV) were tested with 7 abroad rice varieties in the design of uncomplete diallel crossing of NCⅡmethod to study combining ability and its genetic parameters of 9 characters.The results shows that TL had higher general compatibility in most tested traits than MV.indicating that MV had partially combined the drought tolerance of upland rice and the high yield potential of lowland rice,TL has more excellent genes for us to utilize in the upland rice breeding program.4 crosses show Positive specific combining ability effect,it comes from Positive specific combining ability effect of Spikelet numbers per plant,filled grains per plant,seed set rate and productive panicles per plant.Main panicle and plant height should be selected in early generations because of its high narrow-sense heritability.And filled grain number per plant,spikelet number per plant,effective panicles per plant,grain weight and seed setting rate per plant should be selected in later generations regarding its low narrow-sense heritability.Keywords：upland rice;GCA;SCA;heterosis4|7|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Agricultural extension officers and agricultural management officers in Longkou City,Shandong Province were surveyed by means of semi-structured interview.Yield limiting factors and technical measures to improved yield were assessed.The main yield limiting factors of wheat were low fertility of cultivars,early sowing date,excessive sowing quantities,and irrational irrigation and nitrogen application.The main technical measures to improve yield of wheat in five years are soil testing,extending improved breed,and returning maize straw to field.The main yield limiting factors of maize were extensive crop management,low sowing quality,and drought.The main technical measures to improve yield of maize in five years are delaying interplant time and adopting varieties that is adapt to the environment.In the long run,to safeguard the continuous improvement of farmers’ crop yield calls for the combined action of crop management,suitable varieties,preventive and remedial measures for extreme weather events,and increased food subsides.Keywords：winter wheat;summer maize;yield limiting factors;technical measures5|7|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：The processes of crop population growth and dry matter accumulation in crop production are important.Crop yield and yield traits are closely related to dry matter accumulation.To design optimal population of winter wheat,the model of yield formation need to be further studied.The test method is based on a combination of uniform design and cultivation optimization with dynamic approach.The relations of dry matter accumulation and grain yield traits were completely analyzed at different growth stages of winter wheat.Using the method of combining stepwise regression and experiential judgement,the constructing process of yield formation model about winter wheat which was based on dry matter accumulation was discussed.According to non-linear optimization theory,the method of optimal population design aiming at yield was proposed.Using the experimental data of Shijiazhuang 8 from 2007-10 to 2009-06 in Wuqiao,the following results were gained:Multiple correlation coefficients of yield formation model ranged from 0.92－0.97.Through the optimal population design the optimal yield target of 9 165.00 kg/hm2 and relevant dynamic population indicators were obtained.The results showed that the method of population design proposed could meet the needs of production decision.So the methods of experimental design were efficient.Keywords：winter wheat;dry matter;grain yield Model;optimal population design9|7|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：A LeNCED1 homologous gene fragment named LeNCED2 was cloned from fruits of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum cv.Jiabao) by RT-PCR and RACE technology.The gene including 3' end is 1 635 bp,and it is 72.7% identity with LeNCED1 (Z97215) and 95% with potato StNCED2 gene (AY662343).The deduced amino acid sequence is over 80% identity with LeNCED1.RT-PCR analysis showed that the LeNCED2 expressed in roots,stems,leaves,and fuirts.Real-time RT-PCR analysis showed that the expression level of LeNCED2 was high in young fruits but decreased with fruit ripening progress.The expression pattern of LeNCED2,which was not in step with the ABA level,was not the same as the expression pattern of LeNCED1 which had highest level in turning stage of tomato fruits.Keywords：tomato;LeNCED2;gene;abscisic acid;Real-time RT-PCR12|7|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Using the long-style tomato line T431 as the experimental material,we constructed a forward subtracted library by suppressive subtractive hybridization (SSH) method.The cDNA library contained 398 positive clones,which were identified through PCR and Reverse Northern Blot.By comparing with sequences in the database of GenBank with BLASTn and BLASTx algorithm,we obtained a total of 173 functional ESTs.Functional classification of these ESTs indicates that many of them are involved in primary metabolism,energy metabolism,disease resistance/defense or signal transduction.In addition,some genes are implicated in biological processes such as protein synthesis and processing,transportation regulation,and reproductive development,etc.Keywords：tomato;long-style line;forward subtractive library;low temperature stress;ESTs3|9|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：63 201 ESTs of cabbage (Brassica oleracea var.capitata) in the database of NCBI were downloaded and analysed,resulting in 23 306 non-redundant ESTs with total length about 14 828.60 kb.Totally 3 085 SSRs distributed in 2 616 ESTs were detected,which accounting for 13.24% of the non-redundant ESTs.The average length and distribution distance of the EST-SSRs were about 23.11 bp and 4.81 kb respectively.Dinucleotide and trinucleotide repeats with similar frequency are the main types,accounting for 79.09% of all the SSRs.AG/CT and AAG/CTT are the most frequent motifs,accounting for 79% and 34% in dinucleotide and trinucletide repeats,respectively.In the 2 616 EST-SSRs,1 981 EST-SSRs can be found in the database through BLASTx homology analysis,accounting for 75.73%.Most of the homologous with known functions were from Arabidopsis thaliana,and accounts for 66.02%.Functional classification by GOA,1 981 ESTs can be divided into three major functional categories,biological processes,molecular functions and cellular components.It was found that 263 EST-SSRs were relevant to biological metabolism,and 994 of EST-SSRs were not functional annotationed.4|7|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：In order to solve the problem of cabbage early-bolting under low temperature,the relations between changes of protease in cabbage with the devernalization was investigated.Temperature at 37 ℃ was used for devernalization as a treatment,whereas low temperature vernalization of plants as a control.The content of soluble protein and the activity of NR,POD,CAT reduced by 13.1 and 6.6 mg/g,26.5 and 45.9 μg/(g·h),19.8 and 17.1 μg/(g·min),11.6 and 9.6 U/(g·min) for the early maturing variety of cabbage '8398’,and for the mid-variety of Cabbage 'Jingfeng’.The study found that the decline of the content of soluble protein,and the activity of POD,CAT in '8398’ was higher than that in 'Jingfeng’;but the activity of NR in 'Jing feng’ was higher than that in'8398’,the results showed that soluble protein contents,POD,CAT and NR activity at lower levels was benefit to devernalization.Keywords：cabbage;devernalization;soluble protein;nitrate reductase;peroxidase;catalase6|9|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：For better use of the field species in Limonium Mill. and sustainable acquisition of new interspecific hybrids for further screening and new germ plasm,the crossing experiment between Limonium bicolor and Limonium aureum were carried out and the offsprings were identified and analysed by morphological features and SRAP molecular markers.In total,11 interspecific hybrids were eventually obtained.The following morphology observation showed that the growth habit of the bybrids was similar to Limonium bicolor,and the calyx color of the hybrids was similar to Limonium aureum.The growth characters of hybrids such as leaf diameter,leaf number,degree of lignification of the stem,state of the branch,flowering time and flowering frequency displayed a number of features intermediate between both parents.In the SRAP experiment,91 DNA bands were obtained,in which 11 bands were presented in both parents and hybrids and 80 polymorphic with a proportion of 88%.All the hybrids displayed the typical bands of parents and their intergenetic status was then implied.The character of F1-6,7 and 11 were excellent.They can propagate by tissue culture and popularize as a new omamental.7|7|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：To quantify the relationships between physical characteristics and chemical composition of flue-cured tobacco,we used correlation and stepwise regression to analyze the relationships among the physical parameters such as leaf thickness,single leafweight,stem content in lamina,filling power,tensile strength and chemical concentration of nicotine,chlorine content,total sugar,potassium.The results showed that the variation of physical parameters was in the order of leaf thickness>single leafweight>tensile strength>stem content>filling power,but chemical composition parameters Cl>K>nicotine>total sugar.Either leaf thickness,leaf weight or tensile strength increased with the height of stalk position.In contrar,stem content and filling power decreased.The multiple regression equation and regression coefficients were all highly significant.Leaf thickness and stem content were closely related with the nicotine content.Either leaf thickness or stem content was highly correlated with nicotine and chlorine contents,the standard regression coefficients being 0.511 and －0.268,and 0.608 and 0.262 respectively.Total sugar content was closely linked with leaf thickness(－0.577) and filling power (－0.210).Single leaf weight was significantly negatively correlated with potassium content (－0.577).Keywords：flue-cured tobacco;physical characteristics;chemical composition;regression analysis5|8|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：A systematic experiment was conducted on the farm of Henan Agricultural University,Zhengzhou,China.Using Yunyan 85 planted in 400 mm×340 mm plastic pots,treatments were layed out with 5 levels of 0(CK),200,400,600 and 800 mg/kg (added as fulvic acid)in soil with 50 mg/kg sodium arsenate (Na3AsO4·12H2O),respectively,to determine the effect on nitrogen metabolism of flue-cured tobacco in fulvic acid applied to arsenic-contaminated soil.The results showed that different contents of fulvic acid had different effects on nitrogen metabolism of flue-cured tobacco.Although activity of glutamate-pyruvate transaminase (GPT) was increased in fulvic acid applied to arsenic-contaminated soil in the rosette stage,but finally improved NO-3-N assimilation and inhibited NH+4-N assimilation.Reasonable content of fulvic acid decreased in free amino acids content,and in activity of glutamate-pyruvate transaminase (GPT) and asparaginase (ASG),which finally improved transformation of nitrogen of flue-cured tobacco.Fulvic acid increased protein content after budding stage and nicotine content during the whole growing period,but decreased protein content at rosette stage.The best treatment in this experiment was that applied 600 mg/kg of fulvic acid to arsenic-contaminated soil.Keywords：flue-cured tobacco;fulvic acid;arsenic;metabolism8|6|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：The experiment was conducted to study the effects of chronic cold stress on immune of Simmental crossbred calves (4－6 months group and 8－10 months group).Blood was collected at average temperature of 9.6,3.5,1.5,－1.1 and －2.4 ℃ indoor.Physiological and biochemical characteristics,hormone related to immune and antioxidative ability of serum were determined.The results showed that the level of BG in experimental group increased around 18.8% to 103.3% with the temperature decreasing (P<0.05),and the level of BG significantly enhanced under chronic cold stress as the tolerant of cold became longer (P<0.05).No differences observed in BUN and CORT (P>0.05).The level of T-AOC and MDA in serum significantly enhanced whereas SOD and GSH decreased (P<0.05) under chronic cold stress.At －2.4 ℃,the level of SOD in 8－10 months group increased by 82.6% compare with that of 4－6 months group,and level of GH in 8－10 months group reduced by 26.0% compare with that of 4－6 months group (P<0.05).The conclusion is that the levels of the physiological and biochemical characteristics,hormone related to immune and antioxidative ability of serum can be changed under chronic cold stress;and therefore affected the immunity ability of calves.It also showed that the lower temperature and the younger calves,the more remarkable they effects.Keywords：calves;cold stress;serum;immunity;antioxidant4|6|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：The effects of different dietary copper (Cu) sources and levels on carcass characteristics,meat quality and fatty acid composition of sheep were studied to determine the optimum copper source and level in diet in order to improve the meat quality of sheep.Fifty Dorper x Mongolia wether lambs (approximately 3 months of age;average BW=(23.8±1.6)kg) were randomly assigned to one of five treatments. Treatments consisted of 1) control (no supplemental Cu), 2) 10 mg/kg (DM) from Cu-lysine, 3) 20 mg/kg (DM) from Cu-lysine, 4) 10 mg/kg (DM) from tribasic copper chloride (TBCC), 5) 20 mg/kg (DM) from TBCC.Cu supplementation,regardless of sources and levels,significantly reduced (P<0.01) backfat and kidney fat in lambs,however there is no difference observed in hot carcass weight,dressing percentage,longissimus muscle area,meat quality,fatty acid composition of plasma,longissimus muscle and backfat (P>0.05).The TBCC copper supplement at 16.74 mg/kg (DM) was recommended in sheep diet,because there is no difference observed between supplemental Cu-lysine and TBCC at level of 10 and 20 mg/kg(DM) in carcass characteristics,meat quality and fatty acid composition.Keywords：sheep;copper;carcass characteristics;meat quality;fatty acid composition3|6|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：To study the SNPs of the OB gene and its association with litter size in Wei pig,the polymorphisms of OB gene in Wei pig was analyzed by PCR-SSCP.The results showed that,1) there was no mutation in the second exon and three SNPs existed in the third exon (C3619G,G3620C,G3714T).2)There are three genotypes (AA,AB and BB) in populations with allele frequencies of 0.700 0,0.228 6 and 0.071 4,respectively,where the frequency of the allele A is 0.814 3,and that of the allele B is 0.185 7.3)The test of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium showed that genotypic frequencies of the third exon of OB gene were in equilibrium.4)The results of Least-square analysis in G3714T loci showed that,there were no significant (P>0.05) difference among the three genotypes in total number born (TNB) of the first parity,number born alive (NBA) of the first parity,TNB of the latter parities and the NBA of the latter parities in Wei pigs,though the trend was BB>AB>AA.Keywords：pig;OB;gene;PCR-SSCP;litter size4|8|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：To investigate the expression of pituitary FSHβ mRNA at different stages during reproduction cycle in Wanxi white goose,the pituitary FSHβ mRNA level was tested by FQRT-PCR method in six female geese at stages of pre-laying,laying,onset of incubation,middle or later period of incubation,and laying cessation after incubation,respectively.Results showed that,the level of pituitary FSHβ mRNA (1 862.9±350.5) in laying stage was higher (P<0.01) than which at any of other stages.The average levels of pituitary FSHβ mRNA were 95.5±33.8,248.2±40.0,122.3±41.3,and 211.6±56.8 at pre-laying,onset of incubation,middle or later period of incubation,and laying cessation after incubation,respectively,but there is no significantly differ among them (P>0.05).Therefore,the level of pituitary FSHβ mRNA is highly associated with the reproduction cycle in Wanxi white goose,and a sharp decrease of pituitary FSHβ mRNA level in laying period associated with the onset and maintenance of incubation.Keywords：white goose;reproduction cycle;incubation;FSH;β mRNA5|8|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：In order to reveal the effects of soil bulk density on the infiltration volume of deep pit irrigation,the indoor simulation experiment of heterogeneity soil was done,and then the experimental data was analyzed by the non-linear regression method.Kostiakov and Philip advanced infiltration model with parameter of bulk density were established and proved.The main findings indicate that:the infiltration volume increases with the decrease of soil bulk density at the same time;Kostiakov and Philip infiltration models are applicable to infiltration of deep pit irrigation and their correlation coefficients are both above 0.99.Both models showed very high accuracy and the efficiencies of the model coefficients were 99.7% and 99.9% respectively .Compared to Kostiakov model,Philip model with theoretical basis,high accuracy and better simulation results was considered as an effective model for calculating the volume infiltration of deep pit irrigation.Keywords：bulk density;volume infiltration;infiltration model;efficiency of the model coefficients4|9|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：In order to study the effect of soil and water conservation management on water erosion and runoff process at small watershed,the Qiaozi-East watershed with management and Qiaozi-West watershed without management at third sub-region of Loess Plateau were selected as studying area.Rainfall and runoff data were collected and the annual change of soil erosion and runoff processes were analyzed at different stages of management.Times of runoff at Qiaozi-East watershed were reduced by 42.86% as compared with that at Qiaozi-West watershed.Annual runoff modulus at Qiaozi-East watershed accounted for 5%－63% of that at Qiaozi-West watershed.Annual mean runoff coefficients of Qiaozi-East and Qiaozi-West watershed were 1.80% and 4.03% respectively.The ratios of annual runoff depths at Qiaozi-East watershed to that at Qiaozi-West watershed decreased slightly and decreased slightly to less than 0.6 finally.Runoff initiated and peak flow occurred at Qiaozi-East watershed all later than at Qiaozi-West watershed with years of management.The ratios of peak flow and runoff duration at Qiaozi-East watershed to that at Qiaozi-West watershed were decreased to 0.41 and 0.61 respectively finally.Keywords：parallel small watershed;soil and water conservation management;event based rainfall;runoff process0|8|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Based on the database of America soil water physical characteristics (UNSODA 2.0),the PTFs models for both classified and unclassified soil textures were constructed by using Support Vector Regression (SVR) approach,and the predictive results of soil texture under both classified and unclassified situations for soil hydraulic parameters (V-G model parameter and soil saturated hydraulic conductivity),as well as the results from the Rosetta model based on neural network and constructed by the same database,were compared.The results indicated that the more the number of parameters input,the better the results obtained by using SVR model in the situation of soil texture unclassified;however,in the situation of the classified,the results obtained from separately constructed SVM model are generally better than that of the unclassified.No matter whether the soil texture classified or not,on the occasion of the same sample and parameters input,the results obtained from the model based on SVR have an advantage over Rosetta model.Keywords：soil texture classification;pedotransfer functions;support vector regression;neural network1|8|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：The orchard pesticide application technology in china still remains problematic with its high cost,low efficiency as well as high pesticide loss,which results in serious environmental pollution.The design and implement of a self-adaptive control system for highly-effective application of trellised crops provide a solution to the above problems.The system consists of a visual DM642 processor,an ARM controller and a F2806 signal controller and adopted the image-processing and multi-sensor merging technologies based on the embedded system.The distance of the pesticide application and the spraying pressure will be detected through ultrasonic sensor and visual sensor,based on which the system manipulates the control motor automatically to adjust the spray nozzles to the optimal spraying distance and choose s the best spraying pressure.To ensure the stability and the reliability of the system,we designed stable hardware components and software structure and worked out detailed communication protocols.Experiments showed that the system is characterized by excellent real-time,effective control,low consumption of power as well as low cost.It proved that the system could fulfill the monitoring and controlling tasks stably and reliably during the spraying.Keywords：trellised crops;spraying;image-processing;a self-adaptive control system;embedment1|6|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Based on the fact that the coexistence of overcapacity and production concentration,this paper analyzed the concentration ratios of Tractor Manufacturing Industry (TMI) and its branches in China by the data of sales and yields in 2004,2005 and 2006 (from Jan.to Sep.).By means of evaluating the concentration ratio,Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHI),Entropy Index (E.I),Lorentz Curve and Gini Coefficient (G.I),the whole market structure of TMI and its branches in China were estimated.The results showed that the concentration ratios of the top 4 of TMI increased from 43.82 to 66.09;the HHI increased from 0.177 3 to 0.190 7;the E.I reduced year after year;the deviation degree of the Lorentz curve with absolutely and mean line was clear;and G.I kept to 0.7.These indicated that the market structure of TMI was monopolistic and the gap among enterprise scale had become wider.The market structure of medium and large TMI was monopolistic,the degree of monopoly was stronger and the gap among enterprise scale changed from relatively average to wider.The market structure of small TMI was competitive and to be the tendency of monopoly,the degree of monopoly was stronger and the gap among enterprise scale changed from average to wider.The market structure of TMI was in the period of transformation from low monopolization to high monopolization,and there was coexistence of oligopoly and excessive competition in the market of branch industry,and a great gap among the market powers.Keywords：tractor manufacturing industry;market structure;concentration ratio;monopolization;competition0|6|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：The modern suburban agricultural areas in China are characterized as the complicated functions of ecology,economy and society together,which are significantly different with the characteristics of development model in US,Europe,Japan,South Korea and other countries,thus it is necessary to clarify the coupling relationship among the multiple functions,and to determine the planning methods in future.In this study,we determined the analysis methods of the function orientation guidance and development models for modern suburban agricultural areas in China by utilizing the theories and technologies of ecological construction and urban-rural areas integration,according to the basic theories and evolution of the modern suburban agricultural areas on previous studies.Moreover,to construct the Chinese modern suburban agricultural areas development system with the characteristics of reasonable constructions,complete functions,multi-centers and multi-levels based on the point view of multi-dimensions’ of coupling mechanism.In addition,taking Beijing as an example,we analyzed the key points and difficulties on the process of studying the modern suburban agricultural areas and found out the main contents and methods of suburban program on environmental construction,and we believed the system science guided multidisciplinary synchronous research is the effective pathway to transform the traditional planning model into the dynamic and flexible planning model.Keywords：modern suburban agricultural regions;model;planning1|6|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
