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- Abstract：Plant actins play very important role in many living process,such as apical growth,cell division or differentiation,signal transduction.There are many actin isoforms in pea.In this paper,PEAc3 fused with His-tag and green fluorescence protein (GFP) was expressed in E.Coli,and the polymerization properties of the fusion protein were analyzed.The gene of PEAc3 was cloned by RT-PCR,and a prokaryotic expression vector of pET30a-His-PEAc3-GFP was constructed.The fusion protein has 674 amino acids,the molecular weight (MW) of fusion protein is 74.74 ku,and its isoelectric point is 5.81(predicted by DNAman).The plasmid of pET30a-His-PEAc3-GFP was transformed into E.coli strain of BL21,the induction expression conditions for the fusion protein is as following:the E.coli BL21 with plasmid was cultured at 25 ℃,followed by addition of IPTG(0.1 mmol/L) in the culture liquid when its OD600 was about 0.8.The induction was performed for four hours.The fusion protein of His-PEAc3-GFP was purified from inclusion body by Ni-resins chromatography after denaturation and renaturation in urea.The polymerization property analysis in vitro indicated that His-PEAc3-GFP could be polymerized.The critical concentration for polymerizing was 0.5 μmol/L.The His-PEAc3-GFP monomers could inhiit the activity of DNaseⅠ.The polymerized His-PEAc3-GFP had the ability of activating the Mg-ATPase of myosin.So,we could probably draw a conclusion that the His-PEAc3-GFP purified from E.coli. has the similar polymerization characteristics with that of normal actins.Keywords：pea;actin;isoform;induction expression;polymerization analysis3|1|0<HTML><DownloadPDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2023-12-22
- Abstract：The change of genes’ expression level during berry ripening is crucial for the final quality of grapes.Internal reference gene selection is a key factor influencing the result of gene expression quantification.In this paper,berries of wine grape Riesling (Vitis vinifera L.) were sampled at 50,75 and 95 day after flowering (DAF),with semi quantitative RT-PCR,the expression level of four commonly used housekeeping genes Actin,Tubulin,GAPDH and 18S rRNA were studied,and their feasibility as internal reference were evaluated.The results showed that 18S rRNA was with high and the most stable expression level,followed by Actin,whereas the expression level of Tubulin and GAPDH was relatively low.The expression level of three functional genes VvTLP,GHF17P and VvASR was investigated,among of them VvTLP and VvASR were with high expression level,and that of GHF17P was comparatively low.The quantification results with Actin and 18S rRNA as the internal control are similar,VvTLP,GHF17P and VvASR show up-regulated expression during ripening,18S rRNA and Tubulin are selected as internal references for gene expression level study of during grape berry development.Keywords：grape berry;late development stage;housekeeping gene;semi quantitative RT-PCR5|1|0<HTML><DownloadPDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2023-12-22
- Abstract：Grape sucrose transporter VvSUC27 was cloned from Vitis vinifera L.cv.Cabernet Sauvignon berry RNA.Fruit-specific promoter E8 was cloned from genomic DNA of Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.cv.Zhong Shu No.6.Starting with pCAMBIA 1301,two plasmids pCE8-SUC27vs and pCE8-SUC27 were constructed.In both of the constructs,VvSUC27 was under the control of E8 promoter.In pCE8-SUC27vs,SUC27 was ligated with the vacuolar signal peptide coding sequence of Arabidopsis thaliana glucose transporter AtVGT1,while in pCE8-SUC27,SUC27 was recombined with the grape plasma membrane anchor signal peptide sequence,the expression of VvSUC27 was both controlled by NOS terminator.Furthermore,based on pCE8-SUC27vs,pCE8-GUS,where GUS expression was under the control of E8 promoter,was constructed.Each plant expressing plasmid was successfully transformed into Agrobacterium tumefaciens EHA105 by freeze-thaw method and the transient expression of GUS under E8 promoter was validated by tomato fruit agro-injection,and positive GUS stain was achieved.The results lay a sound base for the following study on the effect of specific expression of VvSUC27 in fruits.Keywords：Vitis vinifera;L.;VvSUC27;E8 promoter;vector construction;GUS transient expression6|11|0<HTML><DownloadPDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2023-12-22
- Abstract：Based on results from 19-year long-term fertilization experiments in Beijing and Hunan,the effect of different fertilization applications on soil nutrients,wheat yield and yield components under different soil types was studied.The results showed that organic and inorganic fertilizer application significantly increased soil organic matter,total nitrogen,available nitrogen,total phosphorus,available phosphorus and available potassium.Meanwhile,disproportion in chemical fertilize application has led to lower soil nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium,which was relatively evident in red soil.Organic and inorganic fertilizer application can also increase wheat yield by 788.32% in the red soil and 828.05% in the Drab Fluvo-aquic soil and the fertilizer contribution was respectively 88.74% in the red soil and 89.22% in the Drab Fluvo-aquic soil.The NPK treatment led to significant wheat yield difference in two soil types,and the yield increasing potential in Drab Fluvo-aquic soil was higher than that in red soil.However,the NK treatment caused wheat yield loss,with a 15.86% reduction in the Drab Fluvo-aquic soil and no yields in the red soil.Based on the results,two ways were found to increase wheat yield under different soil types.The first way is that application of phosphorus fertilizer and increase the number of wheat spike of P fertilizer and increase the number of wheat spike will improve wheat yield in the Drab Fluvo-aquic soil;The other way is that application of organic fertilizer and increase the number of grains per spike of wheat will improve wheat yield in the red soil.Keywords：wheat;Drab Fluvo-aquic soil;red soil;long-term fertilizer;yield component8|1|0<HTML><DownloadPDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2023-12-22
- Abstract：To understand reasonable utilization of nitrogen of end-use-specific cultivars,effects of different forms of nitrogen on activity of GS and GOGAT in flag leaves and grain yield and protein in wheat were studied under pot experiments.The results showed that NH4＋-N increased activities of GS and GOGAT in flag leaves of strong-gluten cultivar,Yumai 34 and a medium-gluten cultivar,Yumai 49;while NO3－-N increased activities of GS and GOGAT in flag leaves of a weak-gluten cultivar,Yumai 50.NH4＋-N and NH2-N were beneficial but NO3－-N was unfavorable to enhancement of grain protein content in all the three gluten types of cultivars.A positive correlation was found between grain protein content and GS activity in flag leaves.NO3－-N increased grain yield of strong-gluten and weak-gluten cultivars while NH2-N increased grain yield of medium-gluten cultivars.Keywords：nitrogen forms;wheat for specialized end-uses;GS;GOGAT;protein content;yield9|1|0<HTML><DownloadPDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2023-12-22
- Abstract：The objective of this study was to investigate effects of different treatments of wheat straw such as grinding cover(GC),stubbing cover(SC) and direct cover(DC) on emergence rate,lodging-resistance and water use efficiency of summer maize sowed mechanically in Huaibei district.The results showed that GC-treated maize had the highest emergence number and rate,SC-treated one had the lowest total lodging percentage whereas the brace root number,total root number and root dry weight per plant were the highest.Among the three treatments,GC had the higher basal 3 to 7 internode diameter,the ratio of dry weight to length of internode,culm crashing strength and rind penetration strength,lodging-resistance index,soil water content,grain yield and water use efficiency.There is no significant difference of grain yield and economic benefit between GC and SC treatments,but all of them were higher than these of DC.Therefore,when taking both economic and long-term ecological benefits into consideration,treatment of mechanically-sowed summer maize with GC and SC will become a favorite practice for summer maize production in Huaibei district.Keywords：wheat straw;maize;emergence rate;lodging-resistance;water use efficiency9|1|0<HTML><DownloadPDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2023-12-22
- Abstract：To elucidate the relations between welsh onion (Allium fistulosum L.) germplasm resources and the correlations between quantity characters,clustering,correlation and principal component analyses were conducted with 116 A.fistulosum accessions in the fields.Information of the three principal components corresponded to the tree plot of clustering and correlation analyses based on 12 quantity characters.The result showed that coefficients of variation of the 12 quantity characters among 116 A.fistulosum accessions varied from 25.25%-146.38%.All accessions were clustered into five groups,and significant differences of morphological characters between five groups were identified.Psudostem weight,leaf length,plant height,distance of the adjacent leaves,leaf width and psudostem length were correlated to the yields of plants positively.Accumulative variance contribution rate of single plant weight,plant height and psudostem weight was 91.18%.11|2|0<HTML><DownloadPDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2023-12-22
- Abstract：The pathogenicity of Fusarium oxysporum isolated from the seed coat of watermelon seeds (cv.Jingxin No.1) was studied using radicle-dipping and root-dipping inoculation method.Morphological observation and molecular detection of isolates from diseased watermelon seedlings and the corresponding Fusarium used for inoculatation were carried out.The results showed that morphological characters including colony morphology and growth rate between the isolates and the corresponding Fusarium were approximately identical.Nucleotide sequences of PCR products of rDNA of the isolates and the corresponding Fusarium amplified by the same primers were exactly same.This showed that the isolates from diseased seedlings and the Fusarium used for inoculatation were the same.Thus,the Fusarium oxysporum isolated from the seed coat of watermelon seeds (cv.Jingxin No.1) is pathogenic.This is the first report that the seedborne Fusarium oxysporum can be pathogenic to watermelon.The effects of culture filtrate and crude toxin of this fungus on watermelon seed germination were also conducted.The germination energy,percentage germination and germination index of watermelon seeds decreased significantly after treatment with culture filtrate and crude toxin of the seedborne Fusarium oxysporum.The germination energy,percentage germination and germination index reduced by 16.7%－29.0%,14.4%－22.3%,19.1%－37.1%,respectively.The results indicated that culture filtrate and crude toxin of this fungus could affect the seed germination.Keywords：watermelon;seedborne;Fusarium oxysporum;pathogenicity;crude toxin6|1|0<HTML><DownloadPDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2023-12-22
- Abstract：Studies were conducted with watermelon scultivar (Jing Xin) in Liao Ning Province.The resistance induced by spraying boron against water fresh disease of watermelon caused by Cucumber Green Mottle Mosaic Virus (CGMMV) was studied.The results showed that the lowest disease index and content of virus were achieved at the treatment of 30 mg/L of boron,P<0.05.The activities of acid invertase (AI),neutral invertase (NI),sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS),sucrose synthase (SS) in watermelon changed,This indicated that the activities of enzymes were induced,In addition,the concentration of sucrose was Increased along with the treatment of 30 mg/L boron.Results from in field showed that:water fresh could be reduced by boron application,and the rate of water fresh decreased 42.9% when spray boron before infected by CGMMV.Viral content in seed embryonic and fruit flesh was higher than that of control.In conclusion,spraying of boron can adjust the activities of enzymes about sucrose metabolism,promote sucrose accumulation,induce watermelon resistance to CGMMV.Keywords：watermelon;boron;CGMMV;the rate of water fresh;induced resistance6|1|0<HTML><DownloadPDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2023-12-22
- Abstract：This paper is concerned on the effect of culture filtrate and crude toxin of cabbage seedborne Fusarium oxysporum (Fusarium-CG and Fusarium-HM) on the seed germination of cabbage.The used two cultivars were susceptible Beinongzaosheng and resistant Zhenqi.Fusaric acid in the crude toxin was extracted with ethyl acetate and diethyl ether,and was analyzed by HPLC.The toxic effect was tested through immerging the root of cabbage seedlings into the crude toxin.The results showed that either the culture filtrate or crude toxin of Fusarium-CG and Fusarium-HM significantly inhibited the seed germination of cabbage.The cabbage seedlings wilted after treated by the crude toxin,whose concentrations of fusaric acid for the two isolates were 552 and 105 μg/mL respectively.The toxic effect of the crude toxin on cabbage seedlings aggravated with increasing fusaric acid concentration and exposed duration.The disease index of cabbage seedlings was 2.6－15.9 when treated with crude toxin at a concentration of fusaric acid of 25 μg/mL for 24 h,but ranging from 78.0 to 97.8 when treated with a concentration of 100 μg/mL for 96 h.The wilting effect was more pronounced in the susceptible Beinongzaosheng than the resistant Zhenqi.The seedlings disease index were 2.6－4.2 and 15.2－15.9 for Zhenqi and Beinongzaosheng,respectively when treated with 25 μg/mL crude solution for 24 h.Keywords：cabbage;Fusarium oxysporum;crude toxin;fusaric acid;HPLC5|1|0<HTML><DownloadPDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2023-12-22
- Abstract：The purpose of this study was to obtain superior cellulolytic anaerobic rumen fungi.Chyme samples were collected from rumen of ten slaughtered Datong yak, which were fed hay only in Qinghai.29 anaerobic fungi strains were isolated by the method of Hungate rolling tube technique.Activities of acetyl esterase, ferulic acid esterase,xylanase,carboxymethyl cellulose and avicelase at the sixth day of 29 fungi cultures were measured with wheat straw as substrate.The activities of five enzymes of the 29 fungi were significantly different,where ferulic acid esterase had substantially higher activity,which was 7.9 times higher than the enzyme with lowest activity.Activities of the four enzymes,acetyl esterase,ferulic acid esterase,xylanase and carboxymethyl cellulose,are highly correlated with each other(r＞0.67,P＜0.0001),while there was no such correlations observed with avicelase (P＞0.05).A high activity anaerobic fungi,YAK11,was obtained, achieved the activities of 165,10,1138,83 and 16 mU for the five enzymes,respectively.The strain YAK11 was identified belonging to Neocallimastix frontalis by 18S rDNA sequence analyses.Keywords：Yak;cellulolytic;Hungate rolling tube technique;18S rDNA;rumen;anaerobic fungi5|1|0<HTML><DownloadPDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2023-12-22
- Abstract：To ascertain the relationship between plasma leptin,energy balance and reproductive function,sixty dairy cows were randomly divided into hypoglycemia group (L) and control group (CK) according to the levels of plasma glucose on postpartum 1,14,28,56 and 70 day,respectively.The production performances (BW,MY,and DMI),dairy breeding traits (first conception interval,conception rate in estrus,estrus rate,breeding index),blood biochemical parameters (Glu,BHBA,and NEFA) and endocrine parameters (Ins,Gn,Lp,E2 and P4) were investigated.The results indicated that there was different degree of negative energy balance(NEB) during early lactation of cows,and reached to the highest levels on postpartum 14 day,which is related to low energy diet and high milk yield (MY) and made postpartum cows have a low plasma concentrations of Ins,Gn,Lp,E2 and P4,a low body weight (BW),MY,dry matter intake (DMI),a biochemical character of hypoglycemia,high plasma NEFA and BHBA,and a low reproductive traits.As NEB,there was a significant positive correlation with plasma leptin and plasma Glu,E2 and P4;a notable negative correlation with plasma leptin and BW lose,NEFA during early lactation.As energy balance,a significant positive correlation between plasma leptin and plasma Glu,Ins,and DMI,a notable negative correlation between plasma leptin and BW lose during early lactation.These results suggested that cows’ NEB easily occurred during early lactation,which was not only related to a low energy diet,high milk yield,low DMI,and rapid BW lose,but also related to the no-fully coordinated endocrine function in energy metabolism regulation in the body.Furthermore NEB can cut down production performance and reproductive traits of dairy cows.Analysis between plasma leptin and the index related to the productive performance and blood plasma biochemical character suggested that Leptin plays a balanced role in the energy balance,productive performance and reproductive performance.Keywords：dairy cows;leptin;early lactation;energy balance;reproductive traits;productive performances5|1|0<HTML><DownloadPDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2023-12-22
- Abstract：To establish a sensitive and specific method for detecting Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae(Mhp) contamination in vaccine,a pair of outer primers was designed according to the 16S rRNA gene sequence of several swine mycoplasma;a pair of inner primers and a digoxin-labeled oligonucleotide probe were designed according to the 16S rRNA gene sequence of M.hyopneumoniae.PCR-dot blot and nested PCR technique were compared in detecting mycoplasma contamination in swine fever live vaccines.The results showed that the detection limit of PCR-dot blot was 23.4 pg and that of nested PCR was 62.5 pg ,indicating the former was more sensitive.MG DNA and E.coli DNA were not hybridized with the non-radioactive digoxin labeled probe.Results of the 90 batches swine fever live vaccines from 6 manufacturers detected by PCR- dot blot and nested PCR showed that the Mhp contamination rate of vaccines by PCR- dot blot was 10% higher than which by nested PCR,indicating PCR-based dot blot hybridization was more sensitive and specific.Thus,PCR-based dot blot hybridization assay appeared to be a useful test to detect M.hyopneumoniae contamination in live vaccines.Keywords：M.hyopneumoniae;PCR-dot blot hybridization;digoxin-labeled oligonucleotide probe;nested PCR2|1|0<HTML><DownloadPDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2023-12-22
- Abstract：Modern water-saving farming system is generally included constructing water-saving farming system on a regional scale,organically combining project,cultivation,biology and management measures together and then improving comprehensive water efficiency of agriculture.This paper discussed the definition,characteristics and research framework of water-saving farming system,and analyzed internationally advanced modes,techniques,policies and application effectiveness in the research and application of water-saving farming system.Based upon the development and problems of water-saving farming in China,we put forward the focal point and contents for the research of the water-saving farming system in China,1) To establish the water-saving and water-adapting agricultural production structure suitable to Chinese conditions.2) To study the key technologies including water-saving technology standardization,mode diversification and integrated technical systems for different regions in China.3) To strengthen the general theories of water-saving farming system including crop water consumption characteristic,optimal irrigation index and modes under the water shortage,and the evaluation and selection of optimal cropping patterns.4) To strengthen technology extension and guarantee mechanism of water-saving farming system including farmer participatory water-saving technology extension modes,the construction of management regulations and policy supporting measures,and the establishment of regional preparedness plans of water-saving farming system.Keywords：water-saving farming system;implication;agricultural production structure;technical systems;optimal cropping patterns0|1|0<HTML><DownloadPDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2023-12-22
- Abstract：In order to investigate the impact on the vegetation diversity under a water-saving project,the plant quadrat method was used to analyze the surrounding vegetation of the non-lining channel and the lining channel at Yangjia River of Hetao irrigation district as a typical water-saving zone.The results showed that:1) the vegetation diversity and evenness index of the non-lining channel are greater than that of the lining channel,the differences are 0.577 and 0.084,respectively; 2) the analytical results of relations in soil water-salt factors and vegetation diversity by grey incidence recognition are θ20~40 cm>θ40~60 cm>pH0~20 cm>pH40~60 cm>pH20~40 cm>EC0~20 cm>EC20~40 cm>θ0~20 cm>EC40~60 cm,which indicates that water content in soil play a major role for this sequence; 3) the growth status of the non-lining channel is better than the lining channel obviously.In conclusion,the effect of environmental changes may make some herbaceous plants degrade,but it is weak for arbors and shrubs.Keywords：Hetao irrigation district;water-saving project;index of vegetation diversity;grey incidence recognition0|1|0<HTML><DownloadPDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2023-12-22
- Abstract：The research on the arable land evaluation based on the household decision is very important,especially for the arable land quality improvement in China.We proposed that the household behavior and the land use intensification should be introduced into the research on the arable land evaluation.Law for arable land intensification change with different scale due to the different household land use objects,and the driving force of the change in land use is the key to the arable land evaluation,and the research should be improved.The arable land quality should not only lie in the natural factors,but also in the household land use type and the land use intensification.The arable land evaluation indicator base on the land use effects at the household scale should be established.As to the research method,the land resources science,3S technique and the development economics should be introduced together.Only provided that there is a distinguished the arable land quality,can we establish an applicable land use policy to improve the arable land quality.Keywords：household;decision behavior;arable land;evaluation0|1|0<HTML><DownloadPDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2023-12-22
- Abstract：Based on the data of typhoon,precipitation and typhoon-caused disaster records in Anhui Province during 1951—2008,the climatic characteristics of the typhoon and its influence on agriculture were analyzed by using the linear trend,the rate of climate trends and the T-test.The results show that the typhoon affecting Anhui are mostly from Fujian and Zhejiang;the major period of typhoon is from July to September;average number of typhoons is 1.7 per year and has a remarkable decreasing trend;lasting period of most typhoons is between two days and four days;the spatial distribution is obviously that the typhoon precipitation has been all increased mainly from north to south and the mountainous region has more than the plain in Anhui province;and the inter-annual variation of the number of rainstorm stations and processing precipitation of more than 100mm stations are not obvious.Typhoon basically has no effect on agriculture in the region of Huaibei,and its influence on agriculture is serious harm in the eastern region from Jianghuai to the Yangtze River and the northwestward of Jianghuai.The inter-annual variation of typhoons influence on agriculture is remarkable and the percentage of yearly crops affected area and loss of agricultural economy respectively is 3% and 6% caused by typhoon in the total agro-meteorological disasters and increasing trend is clearly harmful levels of typhoon influence on agriculture in recent years.On the other hand,typhoon-induced precipitation is also a resource and its abundant rainfall is favorable to alleviate drought and extreme heat.Keywords：typhoon;precipitation;climatic characteristics;influence on agriculture;Anhui Province8|3|0<HTML><DownloadPDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2023-12-22
- Abstract：The desertification was classified and evaluated based on the land use point of view and the evaluation index system based on land use was set up. TM image was decomposed by linear spectral mixture mode and the vegetation component of TM image was amended by the high-resolution satellite image. Then the model, which was fit for the extraction of the arid zones’ vegetation coverage, was set up to extract the information of vegetation. The occupation ratio of bare sandy land was obtained using linear mixed spectrum model. Soil moisture was retrieved by thermal inertia according to land use types. The substitute index of remote sensing was used to obtain the content of ferric oxide. And the code of soil texture was obtained by view interpretation. All the values of evaluative factors in every pixel could be acquired. Based on the current desertification assessment method, quantitative remote sensing information model on the basis of the pixel was developed. The results showed that the overall precision of this mold was 90.3%, and it was improved by 21.6% compared with the mold of Gao Shang-wu. The precision was improved by 35% on the evaluation of farmland. All of those showed that it was scientific to evaluate desertification from the land use point of view. By this token, it is feasible to evaluate desertification using quantitative remote sensing information model of this paper.Keywords：desertification evaluation;remote sensing information model;land use;quantitative retrieval0|1|0<HTML><DownloadPDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2023-12-22
- Abstract：For a support vector machine can not deal with samples of fuzzy information contained in the weather early warning of rice blast,the classification method for early warning is constructed to meet the features of the weather early warning of rice blast in this work.Based on the creditability measure of fuzzy event,fuzzy classification problems can be transferred into solving the fuzzy chance constrained programming problem.Fuzzy chance constrained programming is transferred into its equivalent quadratic programming and strong fuzzy support vector machine is developed,Application of strong fuzzy support machine in the weather early warning of rice blast is studied.According to the weather early warning experiment in rice-growing areas in Ningbo City,Zhejiang province,the numerical results are fit closely to the actual results.The support vector machine can deal with the classification problems well for samples of fuzzy information and the method of weather early warning of rice blast based on strong fuzzy support vector machine has greater superiority over weather early warning of rice blast.Keywords：rice blast;early warning;machine learning;strong fuzzy support vector classification;creditability measure2|1|0<HTML><DownloadPDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2023-12-22
