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- Abstract：Experimental study was conducted to determine the restraint of three filtration mediums, such as zeolite, quartz and active carbon, on Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.cucumerinum in slow filter. The results had shown that the three filtration mediums had certain restraint effect on the pathogen, the number of adsorption rose reached the maximum at the beginning time, while the population of adsorption gradually to decrease because of desorption after balancing. The 0.8-1.6 mm grain of three filtration mediums had presented the best adsorption and could reach to maximum in contrast with the other small grains, and the restraint rate was 80.3% (zeolite), 87.9% (quartz) and 93.6% (active carbon), respectively. It was demonstrated that the adsorbing effects of active carbon was the best and reached to 90% in contrast with other two filtration mediums. By the determination of adsorbing time, the adsorbing effects of active carbon have presented the best and the time was 12 h, the second was zeolite and time was 18 h, and the last was quartz which time was 30 h. The results indicated that active carbon was the best filtration medium which adsorption was the maximum and the time was the less.2|1|0<HTML><DownloadPDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2023-12-22
- Abstract：The karyotypes of brussels sprouts and collard were studied by using traditional squash method. The results showed that the karyotype of Brussels sprouts is 2n=2x=18=8m+10sm (2SAT), with 5 pairs (No. 3,4,5,6,8) metacentricand, 4 pairs (No. 1,2,7,9) acrocentric chromosomes. Satellites were found at the seventh pair of the chromosomes. Constitution of relation length was 2n＝2L+6M2+10M1. Characterized as 2A karyotype, Brussels sprouts presented an ultimately symmetry karyotype. Similarly, the karyotype of Collard is 2n＝2x=18=10m+8sm, with 4 pairs metacentric (No. 3,4,6,7,8) and 5 pairs acrocentric (No. 1,2,5,9) chromosomes, but no satellite was observed. Constitution of relation length was 2n=8M2+10M1. As a 2A karyotype, collard presented an ultimately symmetry karyotype.Keywords：brussels sprouts;collard;chromosome;karyotype analysis0|1|0<HTML><DownloadPDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2023-12-22
- Abstract：Rice is a staple cereal crop in Shiyan, an area surrounded by the Qinba Mount, Hubei Province. In this region, seasonal water scarcity and low temperature during early growing period of rice are two major limiting factors for rice production. To circumvent these problems, the so-called Ground Cover Rice Production System (GCRPS) was developed. A three-year (from 2004 to 2006) field experiment was performed in Huangtu village, Shiyan, Hubei province. This experiment was designed to study rice grain yield formation and nitrogen uptake under GCRPS in which plastic film was used for optimizing nitrogen management of this production system. Four treatments were carried out:1) traditional paddy rice without fertilizer N; 2) GCRPS without fertilizer N; 3) traditional paddy rice with 150 kg/hm2 fertilizer N as basal application; 4) GCRPS with 150 kg/hm2 fertilizer N as basal application. Above ground biomass, dynamics of tiller number, leaf area index, grain yield and its relevant parameters, crop growth rate and N uptake rate were measured. The total above ground biomass, productive tiller number, filled grain number, percentage of filled grain number, and grain yield with GCRPS treatment increased significantly compared with the traditional paddy treatment without nitrogen application, whereas the harvest index had no significant difference between the two systems. Since the later fertilization was difficult for GCRPS, 150 kg/hm2 was applied as basal fertilizer in GCRPS, and both the rice growth rate and N uptake rate of GCRPS were significantly higher than that of traditional paddy rice with N application at the early vegetation stage, whereas lower at the later stage. The grain yield did not significantly increase as expected due to the low value of filled grain number and harvest index. It can be concluded that the rapid growth of rice at the early vegetation stage after the film covering might lead to N deficiency at the productive stage.Keywords：rice;Ground Cover Rice Production System (GCRPS);water saving techniques;crop growth rate;N uptake rate2|1|0<HTML><DownloadPDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2023-12-22
- Abstract：The objective of the paper is to test the performance of self-developed time domain transmission (TDT) measuring soil water content. A laboratory experiment was conducted in sand soil, sandy loam soil, loamy clay soil and coastal saline soil. Results showed that there was a linear relationship between soil volumetric water content and TDT voltage output for non-saline agricultural soils and coastal saline soils. For sand and sandy loam soils, a universal relationship could be established to estimate soil water content when ignoring the effect of soil texture and bulk density, and the standard error of the estimate was 0.017 cm3/cm3. However, the influence of bulk density on calibration relationship was significant for loamy clay soil, the individual calibration was required and the standard error of the estimate was less than 0.016 cm3/cm3. In salt solution, there was a linear relationship between the TDT output voltage and the depth of immersed in salt solution, and the effect of electrical conductivity of solution was not significant. For coastal saline soils, the linear relationships between soil volumetric water content and TDT voltage output were established with different bulk densities, but the effect of bulk density was not obvious. Thus, a universal relationship could be established to estimate saline soil water content and the standard error of the estimate was 0.019 cm3/cm3. It was indicated that TDT instrument could measure soil water content accurately for agricultural soils. It has good characteristic of high-salt tolerance in salt solution and can be used to measure saline soil water content.Keywords：soil water content;time domain transmission;salt solution;saline soil1|1|0<HTML><DownloadPDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2023-12-22
- Abstract：To explore the action nature of grass-shrub vegetation and to increase the benefits of ecological protection of grass-shrub vegetation on subgrade slope, different soil types and vegetation types on subgrade slope were selected and three year experiment was performed from 2005 to 2008. The action nature was studied based on the field runoff-plots and data analysis. The results are as follows:1) The standard of erosive rainfall was determined in the project area;2) A quantitative method for rainfall erosion force which was decreased by grass-shrub vegetation on subgrade slope was determined and the decisive action the grass-shrub vegetation played was explored; 3) The effects of decreased rainfall erosion force due to grass -shrub vegetation on subgrade slope were as follows: under condition of Black soil with lime concretions, Medicago sativa was 95.8%, Festuca arundinacea was 95.4%, Amorpha fruticosa was 93.2%, Cynodon dactylon was 89.6%, Euonymus fortuneivar was 82.3%; while under Yellow clay condition, Amorpha fruticosa was 93.9%, Medicago sativa was 91.4%, Festuca arundinacea was 90.7%, Euonymus fortuneivar was 85.8%, Cynodon dactylon was 83.1%; Lastly, under Powder sandy soil condition, Festuca arundinacea was 96.1%, Medicago sativa was 94.7%, Cynodon dactylon was 94.6%, Amorpha fruticosa was 93.8%, Euonymus fortuneivar was 83.2%.The study has an application potential and theoretical value for ecological protection on subgrade slope.Keywords：rainfall erosion force;grass-shrub vegetation;action effect;subgrade slope0|1|0<HTML><DownloadPDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2023-12-22
- Abstract：To seek the optimal ratio of wheat straw and sheep manure during maturity process under high temperature condition, and to provide a scientific basis for sheep manure rapid resource utilization, the effect of wheat straw on sheep manure compost maturity under high temperature condition was studied. Results showed that during the sheep manure composting, addition of wheat straw can shorten the time of reaching high temperature fermentation, thus decreased nitrogen loss, accelerated the decline rate of C/N, and minimize harmful by-products. At the end of 9∶2 mixture of sheep manure and wheat straw composting, the decrease extent of organic matter and available nitrogen were moderate compared with that of the initial stage. The decrease extent of organic matter was 33.67% and 14.10%, respectively. On the other hand, its increase extent of total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium, available phosphorus and available potassium content were significant compared with that of the initial stage. They were 13.84%, 8.40%, 24.82%, 31.34% and 5.47%, respectively. Germination index at 80% was used as the index of compost maturity. The maturity rate of at 9∶2 mixture of sheep manure and wheat straw doubled than that of pure sheep manure, it was reached maturity after 28 days of composting. Comprehensive analysis showed that at 9∶2 mixture of sheep manure and wheat straw was more suitable for composting in practical applications.Keywords：sheep manure;wheat straw;composting0|1|0<HTML><DownloadPDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2023-12-22
- Abstract：The research advances in physicochemical property of the clenbuterol (CL), its retention characteristics in different body tissues of cattle and preservation conditions of samples for the CL residue analyses were thoroughly reviewed and discussed. It was documented that most of the CL was eliminated via the urine,whereas the others remain in organs,hair and eyes. Metabolism for CL spends longer time in different body tissues of cattle,especially for hair and eyes related pigmentation processes. Further more, the retention period of CL in body tissues is associated with the storage time and temperature conditions of the sample. It was also recognized that the sampling and detection methods for the production processes have not yet been standardized although the CL has been banned as feed additives in China since 1997. The illegal use of CL has still been a threat to people’s daily life.Keywords：cattle;clenbuterol (CL);metabolism;retention analysis0|1|0<HTML><DownloadPDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2023-12-22
- Abstract：The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of duodenal infusion of a high content of C18∶3 free fatty acid mixture on nutrient digestion, milk production, and milk composition in dairy cows. Four multiparous Chinese Holstein cows fitted with duodenal cannulas were administered with aqueous mixtures of α-linolenic acid (LNA; 82.4% cis-9, cis-12, cis-15 18∶3; 14.7% cis-9, cis-12 18∶2; 2.8% cis-9 18∶1) or only the emulsifying ingredients in a crossover design, each period lasted 5 wk. Two of these cows received continuous increased LNA (0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 g/d) for 1 wk for each amount, and the other 2 cows received only the carrier infusate. Measurements were made during the last 3 d of each infusion amount. The results showed that the dry matter intake and total tract apparent digestibilities of DM, OM, CP and ADF were not affected by LNA infusions. Milk production tended to decrease (18.54,17.17,16.94,15.9 and 16.28 kg/d for 0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 g/d infusion amount, respectively; P=0.08) as LNA infusion increased but production of 4% FCM was not changed. Milk fat content tended to increase linearly with LNA infusion (4.01,4.12,3.96,4.32 and 4.41 g/100g; P=0.09), however, milk fat yield was not changed. Milk protein content was not changed by LNA infusion, whereas milk lactose content (4.56,4.60,4.68,4.59 and 4.57 g/100 g)and milk lactose yield (0.85,0.79,0.79,0.73 and 0.74 kg/d)were quadratically affected with the increase of LNA infusion (P<0.05). The results indicated that increasing the amount of LNA supplied to the small intestine (＜120 g/d) of dairy cows had no effect on DMI and nutrient digestibility. Infusion of LNA did not affect milk protein or fat yield, but decreased milk lactose content and yield.Keywords：dairy cow;fat supplement;α-linolenic acid;production performance;milk composition;digestibility0|1|0<HTML><DownloadPDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2023-12-22
- Abstract：The purpose of this study was to analyze the changes of milk protein from colostrum to milk, and further insight into the mechanisms of milk protein secretion and defense of the mammary gland. Milk proteins from the dairy cows at 1, 7 and 21 days after calving were separated and identified by two-dimensional electrophoresis in combination with HPLC tandem ion trap spectrometry. The results showed that five proteins in the first day were up-regulated compared with the 7 and 21 d after calving, but there was no different between 7 and 21 d. In addition, highest proteins expression in colostrum, including the immune function proteins IgM, IgG, transport proteins transferrin and albumin, were identified. These results indicated decreased proteins expression in colostrum might be related to mastitis in the periparturient dairy cattle.Keywords：dairy cow;two-dimensional electrophoresis;milk protein;spectrometry;differential expression2|2|0<HTML><DownloadPDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2023-12-22
- Abstract：Ten native populations of white clover(Trifolium repens L.), Luding, Wuchang, Linjiang,Baihe, Guizhou, Zhenxiong, Emu NO.1, Xiaodiwo, Qinlong and Nanshan, were evaluated in this experiment for their chemical composition by in vitro digestibility and in vitro gas production. The results showed that the content of crude protein were significantly different between varieties. The protein content (17.96%) of Linjiang was 18.59% higher than that of Luding (9.66%). The NDF ranged from 40.59% to 31.39%, and ADF 19.75% to 14.31%. With experimental steers, the in vitro digestibilities of dry matter were no significant difference among all varieties(P>0.05).The highest of in vitro digestibility of NDF was found in Nanshan (63.75%), and lowest in Linjiang (57.74%). The in vitro digestibility of ADF was from 17.45% to 12.13% among varieties. The differences of in vitro gas production of Guizhou and Xiaodiwo were largest significantly comparing with other varieties. The changing trend of gas production was in line with that of in vitro digestibilities of dry matter among the varieties. Gas production between 24 h accounted for 90% of total gas production, showing that degradation rate of white clover was so fast in rumen, directly contributes to the intake and digestibility improvement.2|1|0<HTML><DownloadPDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2023-12-22
- Abstract：In order to analyze the gene diversity, nucleotide sequencing of Eperythrozoon suis 16S rRNA gene was identified from three provinces of Northeast in China. Conservative gene products were selected and amplificated, then cloned into pMD-18T vector and transformed into BL-21 for sequencing. The results showed that homology among Heilongjiang, Liaoning and Guangdong strains was up to 100%, Jilin and American strains was up to 97%. Genetic relationship between Heilongjiang and Liaoning strains was closer, but farther with Jilin strain.These results indicated that Eperythrozoon suis 16S rRNA gene sequence was different between three provinces of northeast in China.Keywords：swine;Eperythrozoon suis;16S rRNA;nucleotide sequence;sequencing;three provinces in northeast0|1|0<HTML><DownloadPDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2023-12-22
- Abstract：Selection of sexual maturity is important in the breeding of quality chickens. In the present study, the DRD1 and DRD2 gene were selected as candidates to analyze their genetic effects on chicken comb height and body weight by markers-trait association analysis in 586 Ningdu Sanhuang chickens under cage condition. The results showed that A-6543G in the 5' regulatory region of the DRD2 gene was significantly associated with body weight at 91 d of age (P<0.05), and C-6539T in the 5' regulatory region was significantly associated with comb height at 91 d of age (P<0.05). No significant association was found between polymorphisms in the coding region of the DRD1 gene and comb height or body weight (P>0.05), but the haplotype block composed of C+765T, C+1011T and G+1065A was significantly associated with comb height at 77 d of age (P<0.05). Based on these results, the haplotype block in the DRD1 gene may be regarded as an effective molecular marker on the MAS (Marker Assisted Selection) program for comb height at 77 d of age; whereas A-6543G of the DRD2 gene may be regarded as an effective molecular marker for body weight at 91 d of age.0|6|0<HTML><DownloadPDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2023-12-22
- Abstract：The effect of stress mimicked by corticosterone administration on carcass quality and meat quality of broiler chickens was investigated in this study. One hundred and eight 7-d broiler chickens were equally divided into control group (CTRL) and experimental group (CORT), and were fed basal diet or basal diet plus of CORT 30 mg /kg diet, respectively. At 21 days of age, sera corticosterone level of broiler chickens was determined. At 42 days of age, carcass quality and meat quality were assayed. The results showed that serum corticosterone level of broiler chicken in CORT were higher than those in CTRL. Percentage of pectoralis and thigh muscle, myofiber area, drip loss and fat content of pectoralis of broiler chickens in CORT were about 25.74%, 10.47%, 14.75%, 24.08% and 42.86% lower than those in CTRL, respectively(P<0.05). Percentage of abdominal fat, pH of thigh muscle and ratio of protein/fat of pectoralis were about 34.75% , 6.65% and 58.57% higher than those in CTRL, respectively (P<0.05). There were no significant differences of pH, shear force and protein content of pectoralis, drip loss and shear force of thigh muscle between the two groups (P>0.05). In conclusion, stress induced by CORT administration declined percentage of pectoralis and thigh muscle, drip loss and fat content of pectoralis, and increased the percentage of abdominal fat, pH of thigh muscle and ratio of protein/fat of broiler chickens.Keywords：broiler chicken;corticoterone;stess;carcass quality;meat quality0|1|0<HTML><DownloadPDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2023-12-22
- Abstract：In order to study the feasibility of using rainwater to irrigate the corn silage in the pasturing area of north China, runoff ground was disposed in different slopes, where rainwater superposes to increase the rain water use efficiency. The study indicated that the superposing efficiencies were 82.5% and 87.3%, respectively, for the slopes of 5° and 12°. The growth vigour, yield and rainwater utilization efficiencies of corn silage on 12° were higher than those on 5°; the average heights were 71.8 and 34.1 cm, the average yields 18.6 and 6.3 t/hm2, the rainwater utilization efficiencies were 126.41 and 44.23 kg/(hm2·mm), respectively, on 12° and 5° slopes.Keywords：corn silage;arid grassland;rainwater superpose;water utilization efficiency1|1|0<HTML><DownloadPDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2023-12-22
- Abstract：In this paper, the digital image color characteristics of winter wheat for different nitrogen fertilization treatments under field conditions was investigated. The Hue values (H) in different growth-stages of winter wheat were calculated using the HSI model. The relationship between H values and its chlorophyll content (SPAD) and that between the yield of winter wheat and nitrogen absorption were analyzed. The results show that H values and the chlorophyll content of winter wheat in leaves (SPAD) unfold the significant correlativity during the booting to grain-filling stage; according to the population dynamics of the H value for winter wheat, the decline of the green peak H value indicate the beginning of the booting stage and the other rapidly decline of the H value in the latter growth of winter wheat show the beginning of the filling-maturity stage; and the H value measured in booting and flowering stage can reflect the yield of winter wheat and the regression equations between H value and total above-biomass yield and grain yield are established respectively.Keywords：winter wheat;image processing;HSI model;nitrogen0|1|0<HTML><DownloadPDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2023-12-22
- Abstract：To solve the problem of mechanization of coarse cereals crops seeding, a general scheme of 2BX-6 seeder for the 8.8-14.7 kW wheel type tractors was made and the parameter design of metering device and opener was completed. The results of experiment and application indicate that the coefficients of depth variation for seeding and fertilizing are 3.9% and 5.8%, respectively.The coefficients of stability variation for total displacements of seed and fertilizer are 2.2% and 2.1%, respectively.The coefficients of consistency variation for displacements of seed and fertilizer in each row are 4.1% and 1.4%, respectively and the seed breakage rate is 0.5%. The seeder can carry out the functions of cutting residues, digging ditch, fertilizing on side depth, seeding, covering soil and pressing at once, and it adapts to seeding work of coarse cereals with small particles.Keywords：seeder;coarse cereals;ditch digging;fertilizing;seeding2|1|0<HTML><DownloadPDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2023-12-22
- Abstract：Ten pairs of primers were designed for alien foreign genes, Cry1A(B) gene, BAR gene, PAT gene and common reference RBCL gene inserted in commercialized transgenic soybean, maize and rice to detect eleven highly processed products samples from supermarket by the multiplex nested PCR. The first common multiple PCR could not detect the insert signals in eleven processed products, and the sensitivity is 0.5％. However the amplification by the second multiplex nested PCR using the result of common multiple PCR for templates, which could simultaneously detect RBCL and CP4-EPSPS genes in soya lecithin, soya protein powder, chocolate beverage and infant rice cereal; RBCL ,Cry1A(B) and PAT genes in maize starch and maize jam; RBCL ,Cry1A(B) and BAR genes in maize protein powder; RBCL and Cry1A(B) genes in oatmeal, and not detect the said two genes and the three foreign CP4-EPSPS, BAR, PAT genes in soybean refine oil, soybean salad oil and maize oil. The sensitivity of the multiplex nested PCR is 0.005％. The results indicate that multiplex nested PCR is suited to qualitative detection for transgenic soybean, maize and rice in highly processed products.Keywords：transgenic;soybean;maize;rice;highly processed products;multiple nested PCR4|2|0<HTML><DownloadPDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2023-12-22
- Abstract：In order to improve the accuracy of sensory evaluation, the methods for compulsory definition and indirect texture characteristics were adopted to establish a set of sensory evaluation methods suited for minced meat products. Through a great deal of experiments, the reference products those represent different hardness, fracturability and adhesiveness properties were found, the folding degree that intuitionisticly reflected springiness, the chewing frequency that indicated chewiness were established, and the description method that signified cohesiveness were established. Ham sausages were selected as materials, the accuracy of sensory evaluation criteria formulated in this article were tested by correlation analysis and discriminant analysis, the texture characteristics correlation coefficient of hardness, fracturability, adhesiveness, springiness, cohesiveness and chewiness between the sensory evaluation and objective measurements were 0.981,0.990,0.938,0.855,0.835 and 0.534 (P＜0.01), respectively, and the discriminant accuracy of the established discriminant functions based on the sensory values of texture characteristics was 100.0%. In conclusion, the criteria for sensory analysis formulated in this article could distinguish the texture characteristics of minced meat products accurately.Keywords：minced meat products;texture characteristics;sensory evaluation;criterion for sensory analysis1|2|0<HTML><DownloadPDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2023-12-22
- Abstract：The water environment is facing an increasing threat recently and the oxygen supply in traditional constructed wetlands is much more less than oxygen consumption by pollutants degradation, which affects the system performance and causes more clogging happened. The tidal flow constructed wetland has a good performance with its novel operation design. This study is based on the lab-scale tidal flow constructed wetland to discuss the performance under five operation conditions. The results showed that the TSS removal efficiency was not affected under five operation conditions significantly but TP and NH3-N showed good performance under 3 h saturated time operating condition. After calculation by first-order kinetics, the highest KBOD value under this operation also indicated its strong organic matter degradation ability. With the hypothesis of no oxygen released from plant root and no exchanged from air to water, the oxygen drew into the bed during 3 h drain period was enough for pollutants removal. The matrix porosity did not have regular change with different operations, but the organic matter loading rates make a main contribution for the porosity change and a suitable bed rest could improve the water conductivity and relieved the clogging happen.Keywords：wastewater treatment;tidal flow constructed wetland;oxygen supply;pollutant removal1|1|0<HTML><DownloadPDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2023-12-22
- Abstract：This paper derives the mathematical relationship between crop yield distribution and the premium of crop yield insurance based on intuitionisticly the Expected Utility theory and the actuary principle, which reveals the contributions of modeling the crop yield risk appropriately by comparing the pure premiums under four candidate parametric distributions with its accurate premium for the cotton yield insurance in three counties of Xinjiang Province. Empirical results show that the Logistic distribution is the best one to fit the cotton yield risk in the three counties; the accurate pure premium ratios of the cotton yield insurance were 7.62%, 6.32% and 4.96%, respectively; and the bias range will be from -0.2% to 8% if the selection of crop yield distributions was unreasonable. It is concluded that the accuracy of premium rate setting depends on the reasonable and appropriate choice of crop yield distributions.Keywords：yield risk distribution;premium rate setting;modeling selecton;Xinjiang4|1|0<HTML><DownloadPDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2023-12-22
