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- Abstract：To further verify the role of SLC38A11 in melanin deposition in black bone chickens， this study genotyped the SNPs loci of the SLC38A11 gene based on time-of-flight mass spectrometry analysis technology. Hapoview 4.1 was used to analyze the linkage disequilibrium of all SNP sites， and detected whether the SNP sites were in an H-W equilibrium state， and analyzed the correlation between genotype and skin brightness L* value， and screened SNP markers that were significantly correlated with skin blackness. The results were as follows：1）The mass spectrometry detection rate of four polymorphic loci in the SLC38A11 gene was 100%， and each locus had three genotypes. The SNP1 of SLC38A11 gene was a missense mutation， the SNP2， SNP3 and SNP4 were all synonymous mutations. 2）Chi-squared test showed that SNP1 deviated from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium balance（P<0.05） and the other three SNPs were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium balance（P>0.05）. The genetic diversity of SNP1 locus was lower， and the other three SNPs loci were moderately polymorphic. 3）Single marker association analysis showed that the breast skin brightness L* value of the TC genotype at the SNP1 locus was significantly lower than that of the CC and TT genotypes（P<0.05）. The breast skin brightness L* value of the AA genotype at the SNP2 locus was significantly lower than that of the GG and GA genotypes （P<0.05）. The breast skin brightness L* value of the TT genotype at the SNP3 locus was significantly lower than that of the CC and CT genotypes（P<0.05）. 4）The Linkage disequilibrium analysis of four SNPs showed that the strong linkage among SNP2， SNP3 and SNP4 produced three Haplotypes. Association analysis found that the breast skin color brightness L* value of H3H3 Haplotype （AATTAA genotype） was significantly lower than that of Haplotype H2H3（GACTAG）and H2H1 （GGCCAA）. After the combination of SNP1-SNP4 genotypes， the breast skin color brightness L* value of TCAATTAA was significantly lower than that of CCGGCCAA， TTGACTAG and CCGACTAG. the TCAATTAA genotype had a lower L* value for breast skin brightness and a higher blackness. In summary， the SLC38A11 gene is closely related to the breast skin blackness， and the TCAATTAA genotype can be used as a candidate molecular marker for studying the breast skin blackness in Silky fowls. It will provide a theoretical reference for using molecular marker assisted breeding to accelerate the cultivation of new Silky fowls with higher blackness.Keywords：black-bone chickens;SLC38A11;blackness;SNP sites;linkage disequilibrium63|24|1<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-08
MiR-142-3p analysis of Qingyuan partridge chickens and screening of key target genes AI Introduction
Abstract：The aim of the study is to analyze the expression of miR-142-3p in different tissues of Qingyuan partridge chickens and screen for its key target genes in spleen. In this study， the online database was used to predict the target genes of chicken miR-142-3p， and the GO， KEGG and protein-protein interaction network analysis of the target genes were performed. The online public database was used to analyze the expression of miR-142-3p in spleen compared with other tissues. Based on the mechanism of negative correlation between miRNA expression and target gene expression， the intersection of miR-142-3p target genes and significantly down-regulated genes in spleen compared to other tissues was taken to screen potential target genes. The results showed that： 1） A total of 85 target genes were obtained， and GO enrichment analysis showed that the target genes were involved in the synthesis and transport of a variety of polymers. 2） KEGG results showed that MAPK， Notch， Wnt and other signaling pathways related to anti-tumor immunity were enriched. 3） A total of 4 Hub genes were screened by PPI network. 4） miR-142-3p expression was significantly higher in spleen than that in liver， lung， pectoral muscle， heart and kidney. 5） Five target genes were screened including TWF1、MYH10、NFIB、FNBP1L and FERMT2. In summary， chicken miR-142-3p is likely to exert biological functions in the spleen through TWF1、MYH10、NFIB、FNBP1L and FERMT2. This study provides a reference and basis for analyzing the function and molecular mechanism of chicken miR-142-3p.Keywords：Qingyuan partridge chickens;miR-142-3p;bioinformatics;spleen59|16|1<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-08Differential expression of gga- miR-17-5p in chicken adipose and skeletal muscle tissues and cells and screening of its key target genes AI Introduction
Abstract：To investigate the role of gga-miR-17-5p in chicken fat deposition and muscle development， the study used dwarf strain S3 （DW） and recessive white feathered chickens （RR） as test materials to analyze the expression differences of gga-miR-17-5p in bone and adipose tissues and cells at different periods of time ， and to screen the key target genes by KEGG and protein interactions analysis. The results showed that： 1） gga-miR-17-5p was expressed in abdominal fat， liver and leg muscle tissues. In abdominal fat， there was a variety difference in the expression of gga-miR-17-5p at 0 week （P<0.05）， and the two varieties were significantly higher in two breeds at week 0 than other weekly ages （P<0.05）. In liver， gga-miR-17-5p was expressed with breed differences at week 16 （P<0.05）， and was significantly higher in S3 line at week 16 than other weekly ages （P<0.05）， and was significantly higher in cryptic white-feathered broilers at 16 weeks was significantly higher than at 0 and 8 weeks （P<0.05）. In the leg muscle， there was a breed difference in gga-miR-17-5p at 0 weeks （P<0.05）， and the S3 line was significantly higher than other weeks at 0 and 2 weeks （P<0.05）， The recessive white feathered chickens were significantly higher than other weeks of age at 0 weeks （P<0.05）. 2） In adipocytes， the expression of gga-miR-17-5p in intramuscular adipocytes after 6 days of induction of differentiation was significantly higher than that in the proliferation phase and 1 day of differentiation. （P<0.05） The lowest expression was found in abdominal adipocytes at 1 d of differentiation， which was significantly lower than that in the proliferative stage， at 4 d of differentiation， and at 6 d of differentiation（P<0.05）.3） In myoblasts， the expression of gga-miR-17-5p was elevated with the prolongation of the time of differentiation， and it was significantly higher in 6 d of differentiation than that in the proliferative stage （P<0.05）. 4） KEGG and protein interactions analysis showed that PTEN， MAPK3， PIK3R1， BECN1 and PLCB4 were important target genes of gga-miR-17-5p. The RT-qPCR results showed that the expression of PTEN and PIK3R1 was significantly higher in the proliferative stage of myoblasts than that in the differentiation stage （P<0.05）. Taken together， the expression of gga-miR-17-5p exhibits significant species and tissue variability and miR-17-5p is likely to affect muscle development and fat deposition through PTEN， MAPK3， PIK3R1， BECN1 and PLCB4， of which PTEN and PIK3R1 are particularly critical. This study provides a solid theoretical foundation for the in-depth study of gga-miR-17-5p function and mechanism.Keywords：chicken;gga-miR-17-5p;fat deposition;muscle development43|16|2<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-08Effects of gga-miR-130b-3p on the expression of tumour-related genes in chicken MDCC-MSB1 cells AI Introduction
Abstract：To identify tumour-associated genes regulated by gga-miR-130b-3p in MD lymphoma-transformed cells， in the study， the miRNA mimics was overexpressed in MDV-transformed chicken lymphoblastoid cell line MDCC-MSB1， and cells were collected and RNA extracted 48 h after transfection. The transcriptome data were obtained for the overexpression of gga-miR-130b-3p group and the negative control （NC） group using high-throughput sequencing. Screening these data for differentially expressed genes （DEGs）， functional enrichment analysis of DEGs for Gene ontology （GO）， signaling pathway analysis and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis （GSEA） were performed to screen the signaling pathways that may be involved in the changes in gene expression before and after overexpression of gga-miR-130b-3p and to analyze the differentially alternative splicing in the two groups. The results showed that： 1） Compared to the NC group， a total of 117 DEGs were identified in the overexpression gga-miR-130b-3p group， of which 83 DEGs were significantly up-regulated and 34 DEGs were significantly down-regulated. Among them， MCM10， KCNA3， PTK2， FGL2， GPAM， BMP4， LOXL3， DDO and KRAS may affect MD tumor transformation. 2） DEGs were annotated into 46 GO entries， of which 22 entries including immune system processes for biological processes， 10 entries for molecular functions， and 14 entries for cellular components. 3） DEGs in the mimics NC and mimics transfected groups as well as genes of small effect were enriched to seven pathways associated with tumourigenesis， which mainly exerted oncogenic effects through the thyroid hormone signaling pathway， choline metabolism and other pathways. 4） The most differentially alternative splicing type after overexpression of gga-miR-130b-3p was exon skipped （ES）， followed by intron retained （IR）， and the least was mutually exclusive exon （MXE）. Taken together， high expression of gga-miR-130b-3p can cause differential expression of some genes in MSB1 cells， and these DEGs inhibit tumour progression in MD through oncogenic signaling pathways. This study may provide a theoretical basis for analyzing the mechanism of gga-miR-130b-3p in MD tumour transformation process.Keywords：gga-miR-130b-3p;Marek's disease;transcriptome sequencing;biosignaling pathway38|19|0<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-08Transcriptome sequencing screens key genes for muscle and growth performance enhancement in Sahu crossbred sheep AI Introduction
Abstract：To analyze the key genes and regulatory pathways involved in the muscle and growth performance enhancement of Sahu crossbred sheep compared to Hu sheep， in the study， the growth data of body weight， body height， body length， chest circumference and cannon circumference of F1 generation of Suffolk and Hu sheep hybrids （SH） and Hu sheep （H） at 2 days and 8 months of age were compared and analyzed. Three sheep of 2-day-old and 8-month-old were randomly selected from each group （12 sheep in total）. RNA-seq was used to sequence the transcriptome of longissimus dorsi muscle， and bioinformatics analysis was performed on the sequencing data. Ten differentially expressed genes were randomly selected and their expression levels were verified by qRT-PCR. The results showed that：1） The body weight， chest circumference and cannon circumference of Sahu hybrid sheep at 2 days and 8 months were significantly higher than those of Hu sheep （P<0.001）. 2） A total of 684 and 248 genes with significant differential expression were screened in 2-day-old and 8-month-old SH and H， respectively， including CDH1， GSTA1-1， GPX2， CDH17， MX2 and other genes related to skeletal muscle growth and development. 3） GO and KEGG analysis showed that the differentially expressed genes were mainly enriched in the categories of cell differentiation， nucleosome organization and actin filament regulation controlling muscle growth and development in 2-day-old SH and H， while the differentially expressed genes were mainly enriched in the categories of cell-cell adhesion， glutathione metabolism and PPAR signaling pathway in 8-month-old SH and H. 4） The results of qRT-PCR were consistent with the transcriptome sequencing. In summary， the growth performance of Sahu hybrid sheep is better than that of Hu sheep. CDH1， GSTA1-1 and GPX2 genes play important roles in muscle development of Sahu crossbred sheep through G protein-coupled receptors， cell-cell adhesion， and glutathione metabolic pathways. The study provides a reference for exploring the key genes and functional pathways that regulate the growth performance of hybrid sheep.Keywords：Sa-Hu hybrid F1;Hu sheep;transcriptome;growth performance;key genes;metabolic pathways44|13|1<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-08Preliminary study on abundance-deficiency index of soil nitrogen and appropriate N application rates for grapes in China AI Introduction
Abstract：To lay a theoretical basis for grapes soil testing and fertilizer recommendation in China， this study retrieved literature on grapes N fertilization in China， extracted the data of soil organic matter（SOM）， total nitrogen， alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen（SAHN）， as well as the yield for N deficiency and N application treatments. A new study method for recommended fertilization system of crop based on soil nutrient abundance and deficiency index （ADI） were employed to investigate the ADI of soil nitrogen and the appropriate N application rates （ANAR） for grapes in China. The results showed that： The ADI of SOM for the 1st to 8th level were ≥75， 36-75， 17-36， 8-17， 4-8， 2-4， 1-2 and <1 g/kg， respectively； The ADI of SAHN for grapes in China for the 1st to 8th level were ≥288， 158-288， 87-158， 48-87， 26-48， 15-26， 8-15 and <8 mg/kg， respectively； When the N fertilizer utilization efficiency was 30%-50%， and the yield target of grapes was 15.0-60.0 t/hm2， the ANAR for the soil N abundance and deficiency levels of from 1st to 8th were 0， 14-90， 27-180， 41-270， 54-360， 68-450， 81-540 and 95-630 kg/hm2， respectively. This study established the system of recommended N application rates for grapes in China based on ADI of soil nitrogen and provided scientific basis for soil testing and N fertilizer recommendation of grapes in China.Keywords：China;grapes;soil testing and fertilizer recommendation;alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen;total nitrogen;organic matter;abundance-deficiency index;fertilizer application rate35|17|1<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-08- Abstract：To explore the effects of new winter thermal insulation coverage on the physiology and metabolism of overwintering grapevines， ‘Chardonnay’and‘Midknight Beauty’varieties from the Qingtongxia region in the eastern foothills of the Helan Mountain was taken as the research objects. Vines that were buried under the soil during the winter were used as the control. The soil temperature， plant survival rate， water content， cold resistance indicators， content of endogenous hormones and the sucrose metabolism of the branches were measured. The results of this study showed as follows： The thermal insulation covering had a significant effect on maintaining the soil temperature， which ranged from -0.8 ℃ to 2.9 ℃ under the thermal insulation covering treatment. The survival rate of the grapevines， their contents of free proline， starch， and sucrose， the enzyme activities of superoxide dismutase， sucrose phosphoribosyl synthase， and sucrose converting enzyme of the vines covered with thermal insulation were lower than those buried. The contents of water， malondialdehyde， gibberellin and indole propionic acid in the branches were all higher than those buried in the soil. On the whole， the use of insulating blankets to cover the grapes safely protected them over the winter. Compared with the traditional method of buried soil to overwinter the vines， the wintering method created in this study also saved time， labor and money. Therefore， the wintering method of thermal insulation and covering grape plants has certain promotional and usage value in the eastern foothills of Helan Mountain.Keywords：thermal insulation cover;grapevines;endogenous hormone;sucrose metabolism44|25|1<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-08
Effects of methyl jasmonate on the aroma of ‘Muscat Blanc’ and ‘Muscat Hamburg’ wines AI Introduction
Abstract：In order to increase the content of terpene compounds in Muscat wine and to improve the aroma quality of wine， ‘Muscat Blanc’ and ‘Muscat Hamburg’ grapevine varieties were taken as materials in this study， and 10 mmol/L of methyl jasmonate （MeJA） was sprayed on the surfaces of grape berries during the veraison. When the grapes were mature， they were harvested and processed to produce wine. The physical and chemical indexes of these two wines were determined， and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to analyze the effects of MeJA on aroma compounds in wines. The results showed that： After MeJA treatment， the total acid content， alcohol content and total phenol content in both ‘Muscat Blanc’ and ‘Muscat Hamburg’ wines were increased significantly. A total of 39 aroma compounds were detected in wines of treatment and control groups， and the contents of alcohols， esters and terpenes as well as the total amount of aroma substances in the wines of treatment group increased significantly. The shared aroma compounds with the OAV value greater than 1 in wine samples included ethyl butyrate， isoamyl acetate， ethyl octanoate and linalool， which were the main characteristic aroma compounds of Mucat wines. The Odor activity value （OAV） of ethyl octanoate was the highest， and it contributed the most to the wine aroma. According to the principal component analysis， OAV and sensory analysis， it was found that the flower aroma of ‘Muscat Blanc’ wine was significantly enhanced after MeJA treatment， and the main contributors were ethyl butyrate， n-butyl caproate， ethyl hexanoate， linalool， trans-β-rolerene and geraniol；The fruit aroma of ‘Muscat Hamburg’ wine was enhanced after treatment， and the main contributors were ethyl decanoate， isoamyl acetate， β-laurene， D-limonene and citronellol. To sum up， MeJA treatment increased the content of aroma components in Muscat wine， and made the aroma of both flower and fruit more obvious. This study provided a theoretical basis for improving the quality of Muscat wine.Keywords：muscat;terpenes;methyl jasmonate;ethyl octanoate40|21|1<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-08Effects of different potassium fertilizer levels on the quality, nutrient accumulation and yield of protected peach AI Introduction
Abstract：In order to explore the comprehensive regulation effect of potassium on the quality， nutrient accumulation and yield of protected peach， the protected peach superior line C26-7-17 was used as the test material. On the basis of a nitrogen-phosphorus fertilizer ratio of 1∶0.5， five levels of potassium sulfate were set according to the mass ratio of 0， 0.5， 1， 1.5 and 2. After the fruit matured， the fruit quality， yield， and mineral element content in the fruits， branches and leaves were determined. Correlation analysis was carried out between the yield and the content of mineral elements in different parts. The comprehensive evaluation of fruit quality was conducted using principal component analysis to determine the optimal amount of potassium fertilizer. The results showed that：Under the condition of mixed application of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers， the application of additional potassium fertilizer significantly increased the fruit weight， soluble solids， sucrose， fructose， and glucose content， improved fruit coloration， decreased the titratable acid， malic acid， tartaric acid and citric acid content， and significantly increased the yield of protected peach. The application of potassium fertilizer increased the K element content in the fruits， branches， leaves and most of the mineral element content in the branches. Except for K element， the content of most mineral elements in the fruit decreased； The yield was significantly positively correlated with the P and K elements in the leaves and the Mg and P elements in the branches， and significantly negatively correlated with the N and Mn elements in the leaves； The content of various elements in the fruit was significantly positively correlated. The comprehensive evaluation of quality and yield indicators showed that the NPK4 treatment （nitrogen fertilizer 152 g/plant， phosphate fertilizer 292 g/plant， potassium fertilizer 269 g/plant） was the optimal amount of potassium fertilizer under the conditions of this experiment.Keywords：peach;facility cultivation;potassium fertilizer;quality;yield;nutrient accumulation37|32|2<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-08Inhibitory effect of Cinnamon essential oil on Valsa mali and Botrytis cinerea and the preliminary study of its mechanism AI Introduction
Abstract：In order to investigate the inhibitory effect of Cinnamon essential oil （CEO） on Valsa mali and Botrytis cinerea and investigate its inhibitory mechanism， the mycelial growth rate and fumigation methods were adopted to observe the colony diameters of Valsa mali and Botrytis cinerea in different mass concentrations of CEO and the inhibitory effects of CEO on Valsa mali and Botrytis cinerea in vivo were determined. The effects of CEO on the morphology， cell membrane permeability， superoxide dismutase （SOD） enzyme activity， malondialdehyde （MDA） content， soluble protein content and reducing sugar content of the mycelium of Valsa mali and Botrytis cinerea were investigated. The results showed that： 1） When the mass concentration of CEO was 250 mg/L， the inhibition rates of Valsa mali and Botrytis cinerea measured by mycelial growth rate method reached 98.31% and 99.06%， respectively； When the mass concentration of CEO was 8 000 mg/L， the inhibition rates of Valsa mali and Botrytis cinerea measured by fumigation method were 50.57% and 58.79%， respectively. 2） When the mass concentration of CEO was 5 000 mg/L， the in vivo inhibitory effects on Valsa mali and Botrytis cinerea was 54.30% and 64.10%， respectively. 3） The mycelia of Valsa mali and Botrytis cinerea treated with CEO were dried out， collapsed with bifurcation on the surface， and the bacterial liquid conductivity increased， the bacterial SOD enzyme activity decreased， MDA content increased， soluble proteins and content of reducing sugar decreased. Ultimately disturbed the physiological and biochemical reactions of the bacterium and achieved the effect of bacterial inhibition. This study provided a scientific basis for the development of plant-derived pesticides for the control of Valsa mali and Botrytis cinerea.Keywords：Cinnamon essential oil;Valsa mali;Botrytis cinerea;bacteriostatic effect;enzyme activity;membrane permeability36|17|2<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-08Current status of citrus pesticide registration and its applicability analysis in green food production in China AI Introduction
Abstract：In order to scientifically control diseases， pests and weeds and ensure good quality and high yields of citrus， this study analyzed the current status of pesticide registration in relation to citrus diseases， pests and weeds in China by searching the pesticide registration database of the China Pesticide Information Network. The results showed that： Until August 24th， 2023， there were 3 243 registered pesticide products active for citrus production in China. According to the NY/T 393—2020 Green food-guideline for application of pesticide， 268 out of 3 243 products containing 29 types of active ingredients were applicable in AA-grade green food production， and another set of 929 products with 45 active ingredients were applied to A-grade green food production. Notably， the Maximum Residue Limits （MRLs） of 24 ingredients are higher than those in Codex Alimentarius Commission （CAC） or EU standards. Therefore， tremendous efforts should be made to develop pesticides， especially biopesticides and environment-friendly formulas， encourage more pesticide registrations and upgrade MRL standards as well as strict regulations. This study provided references for the green prevention and control of citrus diseases， pests and weeds and the promotion of the green and sustainable development industry.Keywords：citrus;pesticide registration;diseases， pests， and weeds;green food;maximum residue limit32|19|3<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-08Evaluation of the comprehensive seed vigor of maize parental inbred lines in Northwest China AI Introduction
Abstract：In order to explore the seed vigor and adaptability range of maize parents in Northwest China， 41 maize hybrid parental materials were treated with accelerated aging， cold soaking， drought and salt stress. The 7 d germination rate and seedling biomass were measured， and the standard germination test without any treatment was taken as control. The correlation analysis of 29 parameters including seedling emergence rate， above activity and the biomass index of the 41 parent materials in 4 climate regions， which were Beijing， Shihezi and Urumqi of Xinjiang， and Jiuquan of Gansu， was carried out. The results showed that： It was feasible to evaluate the vigor of parent seeds by selecting those lines with 80% seeds germinated normally under simulated drought （20% PEG 6000） and salt stress （200 mmol/L NaCl） treatments， respectively. The standard germination rate （bud rate） of 30 of the materials reached 85% of the national standard， and 11 of the materials were >92% of the germination standard. After cold soaking treatment， the germination rate of 35 parents （about 85%） was not significantly affected compared with the that of the control group， and the germination rate of 4 parents after cold soaking was 1% to 18% higher than that of untreated parents. The aging resistance of 41 parent seeds was generally poor， and the highest germination rate was only 44% after accelerated aging. Under 200 mmol/L NaCl stress， the germination rate of 10 parents was significantly inhibited， and under 20% PEG 6000 drought condition， the germination rate of 8 parents was significantly inhibited. The germination rate of the other 10 parents was significantly increased under the simulated drought and salt stress （P≤0.05）. The comparative analysis of seedling biomass under the above criteria of germination， cold soaking， aging， drought and salt stress did not find any specific trend or law， and the trend of seedling length and seedling weight was the same. The drought stress induced root development in 18 parents， and the root weight increased significantly in 12 parents. The seedling emergence rate of different parental materials showed great variation in the four climate zones， and the correlation between the seedling emergence rate and cold immersion germination rate in each climate zone reached a very significant level.Keywords：northwest region;maize parental lines;comprehensive seed vigor;stress treatment;correlation analysis29|16|0<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-08Effects of staggered planting on carbon and nitrogen allocation of summer maize with close planting AI Introduction
Abstract：In order to explore the effects of planting density and staggered planting on carbon and nitrogen allocation in summer maize， ‘Zhengdan 958’ was taken as the material. Three planting densities （D1 as 6.75×104 plants/hm2， D2 as 8.25×104 plants/hm2 and D3 as 9.00×104 plants/hm2） and two panting patterns （CK as the parallel planting pattern and S as the staggered planting pattern） were set. The nitrogen and non-structural carbohydrate （NSC） accumulation in plant organs at both silking stage and maturity stage， translocation amount of pre-silking， translocation rate of pre-silking， contribution rate of translocation amount of pre-silking， and accumulation of post-silking for nitrogen and NSC were determined. The results showed that： 1） Increasing planting density significantly increased the accumulation， pre-silking translocation and post-silking accumulation of nitrogen and NSC （P<0.05）. Nevertheless， it significantly reduced nitrogen and NSC translocation efficiency and their contribution to grains （P<0.05）. The high planting density of D3 was disadvantage to the accumulation and transport of carbon and nitrogen in grains （P<0.05）. 2） The S planting pattern significantly increased the nitrogen and NSC accumulation of plants， promoted the nitrogen and NSC pre-silking translocation and post-silking accumulation， improved NSC translocation efficiency （P<0.05）. 3） Among all combination treatments， the nitrogen and NSC accumulation， nitrogen and NSC pre-silking translocation and post-silking accumulation in combination D2S were all higher than those in other combinations， and there was no significant decline in translocation rate of pre-silking and contribution rate of pre-silking translocation amount compared with D1CK， which meant D2S was the optimal planting pattern in this study （P<0.05）. Therefore， under the planting level of 8.25×104 plants/hm2 for summer maize planting in Huang-huai-hai area， adoption of staggered planting method can significantly increase the carbon and nitrogen accumulation， promote their transportation to grains， and obtain higher nitrogen harvest index， NSC harvest index and yield.Keywords：summer maize;staggered planting;close planting;nitrogen;non-structural carbohydrate28|19|2<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-08- Abstract：In order to clarify the genetic distance and relatedness of soybean varieties/lines in Jilin Province from 2003 to 2022， 299 soybean varieties/lines from 2003 to 2022 were selected as test materials and analyzed for genetic diversity and population structure using SNP markers covering the soybean genome. The results showed that： 1） A total of 3 240 SNP markers detected a total of 16 genotypes including A/A， A/G and A/T in the participating materials. The molecular marker polymorphic information content （PIC） was ranged from 0.009 9 to 0.556 1 with an average value of 0.318 4. The results obtained by using software of Powermarker vision 3.25 showed that the allele frequency of the sample population was 0.688 3 and the average PIC value was 0.3185. 2） The genetic similarity coefficient among the participating materials was ranged from 44.86% to 95.46% with an average value of 63.40%； Among them， the materials with genetic similarity coefficients ranging from 60% to 70% contained the most materials. The number of samples was 170， which accounted for 56.86% of the participating materials. 3） According to the genetic distances， the tested materials were classified into 4 populations， population Ⅰ， Ⅱ， Ⅲ and Ⅳ contained 8， 3， 115， 173 varieties/lines， respectively. The varieties/lines originating from the same breeding unit were generally classified into 1 population. 4） The genetic structure prediction was further carried out by using STRUCTURE， and the results was K=4， which indicated that the 299 varieties/lines of the participating materials could be classified into 4 groups of independent genetic population. The 1st， 2nd， 3rd， and 4th genetic population contained 24， 18， 105， 152 varieties/lines， respectively. The 1st genetic population contains the most ancestral genetic material， while the 2nd， 3rd and 4th genetic population gradually increased the proportion of the introduced genetic material and the 4th genetic population introduced genetic material accounted for 46.8%. In conclusion， the total genetic background of the tested soybean variety populations was relatively narrow. However， the genetic diversity of the 4th genetic population （152 copies/lines） was significantly higher than the overall level due to the use of introduced genetic material.Keywords：soybean;variety;SNP molecular markers;genetic diversity;cluster analysis37|19|1<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-08
- Abstract：The skeleton curve form of solar greenhouse directly affects the front roof lighting and mechanical bearing performance. In order to study and design a reasonable skeleton curve form of solar greenhouse， based on the design characteristics and application situation of the existing skeleton， the numerical construction and expression methods of the reasonable curve of the solar greenhouse skeleton were studied. When the position of the ridge point， the lowest working height， the slope at the front roof ridge， and the slope at the foot are determined， this method can directly provide a numerical expression for the skeleton curve， and qualified skeleton curve forms can be screened out through regulatory requirements. A double parabolic skeleton curve was proposed in this study， and three cities， Beijing， Shenyang and Yinchuan， were selected to simulate the lighting performance of solar greenhouses with five skeleton curve forms， which were parabolic， elliptical， double parabolic， power function and double circle. The results showed that： 1） The maximum difference between the cumulative solar radiation on the winter solstice day under five different skeleton curve forms was 6.31%， and the double parabola as the skeleton curve form was reliable in terms of lighting performance； 2） When the current horizontal projection of the roof is 6 to 14 m and the minimum working height is 1 to 1.8 m， a double parabolic curve that meets both the regulatory requirements and the actual engineering situation can be constructed.Keywords：solar greenhouse;skeleton curve;numerical expression;design method20|15|1<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-08
Building parameter optimization of solar greenhouse with assembled heterogeneous composite wall based on TRNSYS AI Introduction
Abstract：In order to optimize the construction parameters of the solar greenhouse with assembled heterogeneous composite wall， a greenhouse model was established using TRNSYS （Transient system simulation program）， and the measured data of consecutive cloudy and consecutive sunny days were used to validate the model. The model was utilized to analyze the effects of changes in the greenhouse ridge height， height of the north wall and horizontal projection width of the rear roof on the indoor temperature， north wall temperature， north wall temperature and construction cost. The results showed that： The indoor temperature， north wall temperature and total construction cost increased with increasing ridge height. When the ridge height was >5.3 m， the increase in mean indoor temperature and mean north wall temperature decreased significantly， while the construction cost still increased； The indoor temperature， north wall temperature and total construction cost increased with increasing height of the north wall， and the better results for indoor temperature and north wall temperature were achieved at the height of the north wall of 3.7 m. Continuing to increase the height of the north wall did not have a significant effect on the temperature enhancement； When the horizontal projection width of the rear roof was 1.8 m， the elevation angle of the rear roof of the greenhouse was 46°， and the angle of the light roof is 27°， which met the lighting requirements in the greenhouse. In summary， the best balance between the indoor thermal performance and construction cost can be achieved when the ridge height of the greenhouse is 5.3 m， the height of the north wall is 3.7 m， and the horizontal projection width of the rear roof is 1.8 m. At this point， the total construction cost of the greenhouse is 221.5 thousand， and the construction cost of each square meter is about 230 yuan.Keywords：solar greenhouse;TRNSYS;temperature;construction cost24|16|0<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-08Different water saving grain-forage rotations and comprehensive benefit assessment in the low plains of Hebei Province AI Introduction
Abstract：In order to promote the process of "grain to feed" and develop water-saving agriculture， a water-appropriate planting system should be constructed. This study focused on forage crops and food crops in Cangzhou， Hebei Province， where water is scarce. This study employed the SIMETAW model to quantify the water requirements （ETc） and irrigation demands （ETaw） of main forage crops （forage oats， silage maize， millet and summer sorghum） and staple grain crops （winter wheat and summer maize） from 1961 to 2020， analyzed the interannual variation trend of ETc of different tested crops and revealed the effect of meteorological factors on crop ETc during the past 60 years. The ROTAT model was further used to design five newly diversified forage-based crop rotations and assessed the comprehensive benefit index （CBI） based on Entropy-TOPSIS when considering equivalent yield， biomass， economic benefit， protein yield， water requirements and precipitation coupling degree of different crop rotations. The results showed that： 1） The annual average ETc of six crops sorted from high to low is winter wheat （463.5 mm）>summer maize （366.2 mm）>summer sorghum （354.6 mm）>forage oats （351.7 mm）>silage maize （341.8 mm）>millet （322.4 mm）. 2） Winter wheat had the highest annual average ETaw， followed by forage oats， millet， summer maize， summer sorghum while silage maize had the lowest ETaw. 3） The annual ETc of six crops showed the decline trend from 1960 to 2020. The correlation analysis showed that solar radiation， sunshine and weed speed had the significant positive effect on ETc. 4） Compared to the conventional wheat-maize rotation， the forage oats-based rotations decreased ETc during the growth season by 14.9% to18.8% and lowered the ETaw by 15.1% to19.2%. 5） The CBI of forage oats-based rotations （0.54 to 0.73） were obviously higher than winter wheat-based rotations （0.32 to 0.37） based on Entropy-TOPSIS. Therefore， it is important to develop the forage crop-based rotations while considering food production for the sustainable water resources management and capacity in Cangzhou area.Keywords：forage crop;water requirement;irrigation demand;forage-based rotations;water-saving planting structure22|16|2<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-08- Abstract：In the context of high-quality development， in-depth exploration of the multifunctional characteristics of characteristic agriculture and its collaboration/trade-off relationship is the key to promoting the rural vitalization of rural areas in plateau and mountainous areas and achieving common prosperity. The study takes 129 counties （cities） and districts in Yunnan Province as research objects， establishes an evaluation index system for plateau characteristic agriculture functions from four functional dimensions： agricultural product production， ecological regulation， economic revitalization， and social security. The Spearman method， bivariate local spatial autocorrelation， and other methods are used to measure the multi-functional level， trade-off， and collaborative relationship of Yunnan plateau characteristic agriculture from 2010 to 2020. The K-means clustering method is used to divide the multifunctional zones of plateau characteristic agriculture. Corresponding optimized development paths are proposed. The main results are as follows： 1） The multifunctional agriculture with plateau characteristics is a specific reflection of the practical situation of multifunctional agriculture at the global national level in small-scale regions. There are differences in the spatial and temporal patterns of various functions， with production function initially increasing and then tending to remain unchanged， ecological and economic functions steadily increasing， and social function fluctuating slightly. The level of production and social function decreases outward from the economic core area； The polarization of ecological function is obvious， with “low in the northeast and high in the southwest”； The economic function has significantly improved， with an overall spatial pattern of “high in the center， low in the surrounding areas， and scattered distribution of high-value areas”. 2） From 2010 to 2020， the number of trade-off zones between various functions， and each functional zone gradually formed a cluster distribution from scattered distribution. Production and ecological functions are gradually shifting towards coordinated development； Collaboration and trade-off relationship between production and economic functions is stable； The balance between economy and ecological and social functions is mainly based on mutual constraints， with each other growing and decreasing； The collaboration and trade-off relationship between social functions， production， and ecological functions have gradually formed two functional area clusters： the low level L-L collaborative area in the east and the H-H collaborative area in the west； 3） Taking counties （cities） and districts as units， Yunnan Province is divided into four characteristic agricultural multifunctional zones： agricultural production concentration zone， ecological optimization and regulation zone， economic revitalization pilot zone， and urban-rural optimization and development zone， and corresponding optimization and development paths are proposed. This study provides reference for the development of characteristic agriculture in Yunnan Province and the economic and social development of agriculture in other regions.Keywords：plateau characteristic agriculture;high-quality development of agriculture;agricultural multifunction;collaboration and trade-off;partition optimization30|58|6<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-08
Simulation and modeling of changes in residential base in Jian’ou City under the background of rural reconstruction AI Introduction
Abstract：The aim of the study is to systematically analyze the mechanism and developing trend of the effect of the change of the residence in traditional agricultural areas under the background of rural reconstruction. The residence of Jian’ou City， Fujian Province residence is taken as the research object， and a system dynamics method is used to study the process of the change of homesteads in the area， and to predict the status of the utilization of homesteads in Jian’ou City in 2035， where the coefficient of the potential for the exit of homesteads indirectly characterizes the efficiency of homesteads utilization. The results show that： 1） Under the current pattern of socio-economic development， the area of homesteads， the coefficient of homestead exit potential and the proportion of homesteads in the area of construction land （referred to as the proportion of homesteads） are generally on an upward trend in Jian'ou City； 2） Different factors display different degrees of effect on the area of homestead， the potential coefficient of homestead exit and the proportion of homesteads. In conclusion， this study proposed it is necessary to activate and reuse idle homesteads by tapping the potential of the stock， promote the homestead exit mode with the synergy of multiple main bodies and build up the safety and security bottom line of the reform of the homestead system.Keywords：land management;homestead change;system dynamics;rural reconfiguration26|55|1<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-08Evaluation and restriction factors of agricultural green development in Beijing ecological conservation area at the township scale AI Introduction
Abstract：Aiming at the problem of agricultural green development in the ecological conservation areas， based on 110 townships as evaluation units，this study takes Beijing ecological conservation area as the research object. An evaluation index system of agricultural green development at the township scale is built， and the agricultural green development in Beijing ecological conservation areas is evaluated. The spatial distribution characteristics and restrictive factors of agricultural green development are then analyzed by using spatial autocorrelation and restrictive factor analysis methods. The results show that： 1） The overall level of agricultural green development in Beijing’s ecological conservation areas is relatively high， and the towns in the northern and western regions are higher than those in space； 2） The green development of agriculture in the ecological conservation area of Beijing displays the characteristics of agglomeration and mutual influence in space， and the green development of agriculture needs the coordinated development and common promotion of towns and villages； 3） The restrictive factors of green development of agriculture in villages and towns are different. Measures and policies to improve the level of green development of agriculture in villages and towns can be formulated according to the level and restrictive factors. This study can enrich the theoretical system and technical means of evaluation of agricultural green development in ecological conservation areas of Beijing， which is of great significance to guide the agricultural green development under ecological protection in ecological conservation areas of Beijing.Keywords：agricultural green development;ecological conservation area;spatial analysis;restrictive factors;township33|56|2<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-08Can green food certification improve green total factor productivity of family farms? AI Introduction
Abstract：In order to clarify the impact mechanism of green food certification on the green total factor productivity of agriculture， this study uses the super SBM model and propensity score matching to estimate the impact of green food certification （GFC） on the green total factor productivity （GTFP） of family farms and decompose the internal mechanism of GTFP improvement. The results show that： 1） Cooperatives， formalized transactions and registered trademarks have positive effect on obtaining green food certification， while land size has negative effect； 2） GFC has significant effect on improving GTFP， with an increase of 0.158. 3） GFC affects GTFP through economic incentives， environmental constraints and business connections. The contribution rates of each driving factor are 49.07%， 35.32% and 15.61%， respectively. In conclusion， relevant policies should strengthen the construction of the agricultural product certification system， safeguard the interests of agricultural producers， promote business connections among agricultural production organizations and enhance the green total factor productivity of agriculture.Keywords：green food certification;family farms;green total factor productivity;propensity score matching33|51|0<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-08- Abstract：In order to explore the impact of rice and crayfish co-culture techniques on food security， based on the micro-survey data of farmers in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River in 2023， the relationship between rice crayfish co-culture techniques and national food security was empirically tested by using the treatment effect model. The results show that： 1） Farmers’ adoption of rice crayfish co-culture techniques will lead to a decrease of 43.975% in total rice yield， and rice and crayfish co-culture techniques will bring the problem of food security. 2） The threat effect of rice and crayfish co-culture techniques on food security is not sustainable. With the continuation， normalization and standardization of rice and crayfish co-culture techniques adopted by farmers， the threat effect of rice and crayfish co-culture techniques on food security may gradually fade. 3） The threat effect of rice and crayfish co-culture techniques on food security is heterogeneous in endowment conditions. The option of rice and crayfish co-culture techniques by small-scale farmers is limited effect on food security， while the adoption of rice and crayfish co-culture techniques by large-scale farmers has significant threat effect on food security. Compared with the farmers with non-farm employment and low household income， the farmers without non-farm employment and high household income adopted rice crayfish co-culture techniques， the techniques display a greater threat effect on food security. 4） The age， education level， physical condition， land endowment and factor input of farmers are the important factors affecting the adoption behavior of rice and crayfish co-culture techniques and the total rice yield. Therefore， it is necessary to popularize standardized production， strengthen the supervision of rice and crayfish co-culture techniques and promote rice and crayfish co-culture techniques in a targeted way.Keywords：rice crayfish co-culture techniques;adoption behavior;food security;threat effects33|44|3<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-08
Research on the impact of central and local industrial policy synergy on agricultural enterprise specific investment AI Introduction
Abstract：To explore the impact of macroeconomic policy environment fluctuations on microenterprise behavior， the relationship between the central and local industrial policy synergy and the specific investment in agricultural enterprises are discussed. The agricultural industry enterprises listed on the A-share markets in China from 2008 to 2022 are taken as samples in this study. The industrial policy texts at the central and local provincial levels are quantified. The entropy method and coupling coordination model are used to measure the level of central and local industrial policy synergy. Combined with the data from agricultural listed enterprises， the ordinary least squares method is adopted to conduct empirical testing. The research findings indicate that： 1）The central and local industrial policy synergy promoted specific investment in agricultural enterprises. 2）The central and local industrial policy synergy promoted specific investment in agricultural enterprises by enhancing the risk-taking capacity of enterprises， reducing cash holdings， and alleviating financing constraints. 3）Compared to the central and local selective industrial policy synergy， the central and local functional industrial policy synergy had a stronger promoting effect on specific investment in agricultural enterprises. Compared to state-owned enterprises and enterprises located in low marketization areas， the private enterprises and enterprises located in high marketization areas are more susceptible to the incentive effect of the central and local industrial policy synergy on specific investment. Therefore， the formulation and implementation of industrial policies should focus on policy synergy. Local governments should maintain consistency with central policies， alleviate conflicts and inconsistencies between central and local policies， reduce uncertainty expectations of enterprises， and promote enterprise investment.Keywords：central and local industrial policy synergy;specific investment;entropy method;coupling coordination model;agricultural listed enterprise26|44|0<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-08- Abstract：To explore the protective effect of agricultural insurance on farmers' grain income， an empirical analysis was conducted based on 1 546 household survey data from Shandong Province and Liaoning Province， and propensity score matching， instrumental variable method， and IV-Tobit methods were used. The results show that the agricultural insurance has a significant positive impact on farmers' grain income， but the impact of compensation amount on grain income is not significant， which may be caused by the non-standard settlement of claims in actual compensation. The results of further mechanism analysis show that the agricultural insurance can guarantee farmers’ grain income mainly by expanding planting scale， improving credit availability and reducing production risks. Compared with low part-time farmers， the agricultural insurance has a more significant effect on ensuring the income from grain cultivation for high part-time farmers. Compared with un-affected farmers， the agricultural insurance has a more significant impact on ensuring the benefits of grain cultivation for affected farmers.Keywords：agricultural insurance;grain income;security mechanism;guarantee depth;compensation26|46|2<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-08
- Abstract：To further investigate the willingness of farmers to be compensated for the resource utilization of manure， the level of compensation and its influencing factors， this study uses the research data from 694 pig farmers in 7 cities of Hebei Province based on the perspective of carbon trading. Systematic analyses are performed by using the conditional value assessment method， binary logit model and Tobit regression model. The results showed that： 1） About 88.76% of pig farmers were willing to accept compensation， and their compensation level ranged from 25.03 to 31.50 Yuan/t； 2） Factors such as pig farmers' age， farming site area and ecological benefits of manure resource utilization significantly affected pig farmers' willingness to receive compensation. Risk appetite， site area， farming scale， access to farming information and economic benefits of manure resource utilization affected the level of compensation. 3） Under the perspective of scale heterogeneity， the ecological benefits of manure resource utilization significantly and positively affect the willingness of pig farmers of different scales to be reimbursed. However， there are significant differences in the direction of their influences. In order to enable farmers to better participate in resource utilization， publicity on the positive effects of resource utilization of livestock and poultry manure should be strengthened， and the establishment of a carbon trading reimbursement mechanism should be promoted in an orderly manner by combining macro policy norms with local practice and local adaptation.Keywords：carbon trading;farmers;resource utilization of livestock manure;willingness to be reimbursed;influencing factors33|45|0<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-08
Coupling coordination and influencing factors of digital inclusive finance and resilience of agricultural industry chain AI Introduction
Abstract：In order to explore the coupling coordination and influencing factors of digital inclusive finance and resilience of agricultural industry chain， based on the panel data from 31 provinces in China from 2012 to 2021（The data do not include those of Hong Kong， Macao and Taiwan regions. The same below.）this study uses methods such as coupling coordination， kernel density estimation， and spatial econometrics to explore the coupling coordination and influencing factors. The results show that： 1） In terms of time dimension， the coupling and coordination relationship between digital inclusive finance and the resilience of the agricultural industry chain tends to strengthen， and the overall trend is slowly increasing. Among them， the improvement of the resilience of the agricultural industry chain is slowing down， and the rapid development of digital inclusive finance has become an important factor in promoting the coupling and coordinated development. 2） In terms of spatial dimension， the coupling and coordination between digital inclusive finance and the resilience of the agricultural industry chain exhibit a spatial evolution feature of ‘point dispersion block agglomeration’， with extreme imbalance and low coordination areas gradually disappearing， gradually forming a spatial pattern of ‘sinking’ in the northwest and southwest directions. 3） The levels of economic development， fiscal support for agriculture， and urbanization have positive promoting effect on the coupled and coordinated development， while the urban-rural income gap has a negative inhibitory effect. To sum up， it is necessary to strengthen the concept of regional collaborative development， fully tap into the potential of collaborative development， and achieve high-quality coordinated development between the two based on local conditions.Keywords：digital inclusive finance;resilience of agricultural industry chain;coupling coordination;spatial econometric32|40|8<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-08Influence mechanism and effect of agricultural digitization on food production security AI Introduction
Abstract：In order to clarify the effect of agricultural digitization on food production security， based on a provincial panel data of 13 provinces （2011-2021） in major grain-producing areas， an evaluation index system of agricultural digitalization and food production security was constructed using entropy weight method. The baseline regression model and threshold effect model of panel data were established to empirically analyze the impact of agricultural digitalization on food production security. The empirical results show that： 1） The development of agricultural digitalization has a significant positive effect on ensuring food production security， but its effect can only be fully manifested when the level of agricultural digitalization is developed to a certain extent. 2） When agricultural digitization is at a low level， it has a certain negative effect on food production. When the level of agricultural digitization is elevated to a higher level， the impact on food production security will turn into a positive promotion. 3） Further research shows that the impact of agricultural digitalization on food production security is different in different regions. Agricultural digitalization has a significant positive effect on food production security in the North China Plain and the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River Plain， but has no significant impact on the Northeast Plain. Therefore， this study put forward three proposals as follows： Grasping the opportunity of agricultural digital development， promote the construction of agricultural digital infrastructure， and provide a strong guarantee for food production security in China； Adopting different agricultural digital promotion strategies according to local conditions to effectively ensure regional food production security； Establishing regional cooperation mechanisms to share experience in agricultural digital development.Keywords：agriculture;digitization;food security;food production;threshold effect35|42|7<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-08
