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- Abstract：In recent years， organic agriculture has flourished with the increasing attention to environmental protection， ecological balance， human health and food safety. The area of global organic farmland， amount and consumption of organic production have continued to grow. In the meantime， China’s organic agriculture industry has shown a good development trend， with an increasing number and area of organic food certifications in the past decade. In this study， we summarize the yield performance， ecological benefits， development potential， and technological research status of organic agriculture at home and abroad. Six overall understandings of the development of organic agriculture are proposed. Finally， several countermeasures and suggestions are proposed， including strengthen the construction of policy system， technological innovation system， market system， propagation and promotion system， and business forms innovation for organic agriculture development to provide reference for the high-quality development of organic agriculture in China.Keywords：organic agriculture;development trend;research progress;countermeasures and suggestions87|61|3<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-08
Discussion on the boundary of eco-agriculture and its scientific technology principles AI Introduction
Abstract：Due to the unclear concept of eco-agriculture and the vague boundary， the scientific principles and technologies of eco-agriculture have not been well summarized， resulting in a serious misunderstanding of eco-agriculture in the society， which hindered the development of eco-agriculture industry. On the basis of summarizing the relevant literatures published from 1982 to 2022， this study briefly reviewed the background and significance of eco-agriculture concept at home and abroad， and analyzed the 9 main forms and characteristics of modern agriculture， the concept and the boundaries of eco-agriculture have been refined and clarified. Then we have proposed a theoretical system of science and technology to guide the health development of eco-agriculture. Finally， taking the 18 years practice of Hongyi Ecological Farm in Pingyi County，Shandong Province as an example， this study proves that the concept， theory， and technology system of eco-agriculture proposed here have important application and promotion values.Keywords：modern eco-agriculture;scientific principles;category;application technology;food security42|60|0<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-08Inspiration of the development of international organic agriculture movements for organic industry in China AI Introduction
Abstract：This study uses comparative research and experience summary methods to review and compare the international organic agriculture movements and China's organic industry， so to deepen the understanding of their whole development processes. The results show that： 1） At the beginning of the 20th century， the development of science and technology promoted the emergence of modern agriculture. Under the two different views of holism and reductionism， modern agriculture differentiates into Organic Agriculture system and conventional agriculture system， which are contradictory but unified. 2） International Organic Agriculture has diverse concepts and has experienced three development stages： origin， development and mainstreaming， which are called Organic Agriculture 1.0， 2.0 and 3.0， respectively. 3） In the 1990s， Organic Agriculture was introduced into China mainly in the form as an agricultural product certification system， but its concepts， policies， talents and technologies have not been systematically developed yet. Therefore， China's organic industry is facing a situation where the market is developing rapidly， but the production needs higher quality development； 4） Conventional agriculture is a manifestation of mechanical materialism in agriculture， which eventually cannot adapt to socialist modernization of agriculture and rural areas conducted by dialectical materialism and historical materialism. Therefore， the modernization of China's agriculture should not only focus on conventional agriculture， but must also develop Organic Agriculture conducted by holism. To sum up， China's organic industry has achieved great success but is also facing great challenges. Under the new normal， China Organic should strive to establish a comprehensive scientific philosophy， science and technology， and industrial practice system to meet the market's multi-dimensional demand from organic concepts to organic products and services.Keywords：organic agriculture;holism;reductionism;socialist modernization of agriculture and rural areas38|45|1<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-08- Abstract：How will rural China and the world develop in the 21st century？ In this study， based on the practical achievements of holistic organic agriculture in Lingqiu County， Datong City， Shanxi Province ， and in the sense of geographical science and system science， the main problems faced by Chinese and foreign rural areas and proposes countermeasures are analyzed. Based on the comprehensive deployment of national rural revitalization strategy goals and tasks， the development of rural areas in China and the world is predicted. The results are as follows： The five related issues obtained are food safety， food security， rural social security， ecological and environmental security， and international agricultural security faced in rural both in China and the world. Then the systematic countermeasure plan is to build a holistic organic agriculture system in the world for that. It is predicted that China will need to complete food safety tasks by 2030， food security tasks by 2035， rural social security tasks by 2040， ecological environment security tasks by 2045， and international agricultural security tasks by 2050. This study further predicts the stage construction goals for global rural security to be achieved before 2100.Keywords：Lingqiu County;holistic organic agriculture;rural development in China;global rural development58|55|1<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-08
- Abstract：The implementation of the rural revitalization strategy is a profound response in the main contradictions of China’s economy， society， and ecology. This study focuses on the issue of how the upgrading of organic agriculture industrialization can leverage the construction goals of local government rural revitalization strategies. Through the combination of theoretical value analysis and comprehensive organic agriculture practice cases， the following results are obtained： 1） There is a unified goal between the rural revitalization strategies and the ecological civilization era construction， and the construction purpose is to build a diversified value system in rural areas in the era of ecological civilization. 2） Organic agriculture is an important carrier for achieving the modernization of rural social development and village governance capabilities， and for practicing ecological civilization construction in grassroots rural areas. 3） Compared to the single value demands of the agricultural industry in the past， holistic organic agriculture has the coupling ability of multiple values， and has good responsiveness and replicability to the rural revitalization strategy at the local practice level. Therefore， as the country comprehensively promotes the national rural revitalization strategy and ecological civilization construction， holistic organic agriculture can serve as a reliable method and basic path to achieve rural revitalization， and is expected to achieve the ecological civilization construction from “one industry”， “one region” to “whole picture”.Keywords：rural vitalization;holistic organic agriculture;agriculture upgrading;high-quality development48|42|1<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-08
Discussion on the 131 model of low cost and high quality organic agriculture technology promotion in the county area AI Introduction
Abstract：Industrial civilization has gone through 400 years of development， and under the dominant model of industrialization and urbanization， the world is gradually moving towards the crisis of unsustainable development while accumulating a large amount of material wealth. Under the background of general secretary Xi Jinping’s ‘two mountains theory’ and the national rural revitalization strategy， organic ecological development has become the general direction of China’s agriculture and rural construction. In face of the difficulties existed in the current development of organic agriculture and technology promotion， from the perspectives of technical system， promotion mode， etc. the 131 model of low cost and high quality organic agriculture technology promotion in the county area is discussed by taking organic agriculture promotion in Lingqiu County， Shanxi Province. Through the 131 model， the organic agriculture technology with agricultural Jiaosu， Jiaosu composting， and full cycle of water and fertilizer as the technical system are put in the rural front line aiming to reduce costs and increase efficiency， build a healthy planting and raising cycle ecological chain based on soil-microorganisms-plants and human beings， and form an organic agriculture with highly efficient circulation of material and energy. This study will provide an important development direction for the promotion of agricultural science and technology in the future.Keywords：organic agriculture;county;low cost-high quality;promotion model;microbial factory74|58|2<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-08- Abstract：In recent years， the beneficial exploration and construction of whole-area organic agriculture have become an organic food bridge connecting urban and rural areas. The effective cooperation between organic production and green consumption has established a new cooperative relationship between producers and consumers， and between rural and urban areas. Under the basic national conditions of ‘the great power and small peasants’， in order to better promote the development of whole-area organic agriculture， a case study was conducted on an ecological farm in the mountainous area of Chongqing. Interviews， field visits and activity participation were combined to clarify the key to the successful operation of the ecological farm， and explore the feasibility of ‘small-scale farmers’ starting ecological agriculture in the new era of ecological civilization. The results showed that the key to the successful operation of ecological farm as follows： 1） Ecological agricultural products have excellent price， stable yield and multi-function embodiment， and operators can accurately accumulate members through ‘one-to-one’ intimate service and return visit with consumers， which maximizes the multi-functionality of ecological agriculture by organizing producers to enrich agricultural products and develop various experiential activities. 2） The low-cost construction of the new production and consumption cooperation model. Operators dig deeply into the member resources to achieve the low-cost construction of the operation team， and introduce consumers and give them diversified identities through the project system， realize the co-creation and sharing of ‘one and multiple’. 3） The relationship between producers and consumers transcends the traditional buying and selling relationship， and builds an ‘acquaintance’ community through branding， strengthening the stickiness of members. In conclusion， the successful operation of ecological farm lies in the product services， cooperation models and community relations， and the operator plays an important role in the construction of the ‘dual organization’ between producers and consumers. This study can provide a reference for ‘small-scale farmers’ to start the road of ecological agriculture at a low cost.Keywords：organization of production and consumption;bi-directional enabling;membership system;project system;ecological agriculture54|53|2<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-08
- Abstract：To investigate the effect of foliar spraying of a new humic acid on yield and quality of millet. Experiments were conducted by taking pure water as the control （NC）， and three gradients of low concentration （0.75 L/hm2， 600 × liquid， LC）， medium concentration （3.75 L/hm2， 120 × liquid， MC）， and high concentration （7.50 L/hm2， 60 × liquid， HC） were set up. They were sprayed on the foliar surface of the grain during the filling period. The effects of spraying new humic acid on millet yield and grain quality during the filling period were analyzed by measuring yield， spike traits， and several indexes such as protein， amino acids， fat， carbohydrates， straight-chain starch， yellow pigment， total flavonoids， polyphenols. Changes in the yield and nutritional quality were determined. The results showed that： 1） The foliar spraying of new humic acid during the irrigation period increased the yield through increasing the weight of thousand grain weight， and the effect of yield increase was HC>MC>LC>NC. Compared with spraying with water， the middle and high concentration treatments were able to increase the yield by 18.5% and 19.4%， respectively， and the optimal concentration of the yield increase ranged from 60 to 120 times. 2） Spraying new humic acid during the irrigation period improved the quality of millet， and it increased the contents of protein， amino acid， yellow pigment and polyphenol. 3） The quality indexes of grains under different treatments were comprehensively analyzed by principal component analysis. The ranking of total score in descending order was MC>LC>HC>NC， and the medium concentration （3.75 L/hm2， 120 × liquid， MC） treatment had the best effect on quality improvement. In conclusion， the foliar spraying of novel humic acids could enhance the yield and improve the quality of millet， and the medium concentration treatment is optimal.Keywords：biological humic;millet;quality;yield62|46|2<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-08
Identification of organic tea based on stable isotope characteristics and soil properties AI Introduction
Abstract：In order to explore the identity identification characteristics of organic tea in Pu'er area of Yunnan Province and improve the identity identification technology of organic tea on the plateau， 5 representative organic planting certified tea gardens （ZX、LS、CYT、YS、HL） and adjacent conventional tea gardens （C-1、C-2、C-3、C-4、C-5） in Pu'er City of Yunnan Province were selected， and more than 300 tea and soil samples were collected. δ15N abundance， δ13C abundance， total nitrogen， total carbon， organic carbon， alkali hydrolyzable nitrogen and other indexes of tea and soil were determined by stable isotope mass spectrometer and element analyzer. The isotope-soil property discrimination model of organic tea was constructed by factor analysis and discriminant analysis， and verified by Holdout method. The results show that there is no consistent difference in δ15N and δ13C values between organic tea and adjacent conventional tea in different tea gardens， so it is difficult to identify organic tea by using a single stable isotope factor. Through further factor analysis of tea and soil properties， six feature vectors suitable for discrimination were selected， and a multivariate organic discrimination model based on isotope characteristics and soil properties was constructed， and the function is as follows： y=-0.081 tea δ15N+0.819 tea δ13C+0.093 soil total nitrogen +2.117 soil total carbon -0.155 soil organic carbon +2.870 soil pH+4.232， y＜0.5 is convention tea.The model achieves an impressive accuracy rate of 92.3%. In summary， the multivariate organic discrimination model constructed based on isotopic characteristic values and soil property parameter indicators can accurately discriminate the identity of organic tea from the Pu'er plateau in Yunnan.Keywords：organic tea;δ15N;δ13C;soil properties;discriminant model41|25|2<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-08Effects of fertilizer types and their different application methods on the organic production of Astragalus membranaceus AI Introduction
Abstract：In order to explore the optimal fertilization technology for the organic production of Chinese medicinal materials， Astragalus membranaceus， a native medicinal material in Shanxi Province， was studied in Lingqiu County， Shanxi Province. Six different treatments including fertilizer （C）， organic fertilizer （O）， organic fertilizer+mineral fertilizer （OM）， organic fertilizer+mineral fertilizer+microbial fertilizer （dip roots during transplanting period） （OMD）， organic fertilizer+mineral fertilizer+microbial fertilizer （full bloom period） （OMI） and organic fertilizer+mineral fertilizer+microbial fertilizer （spraying during the flowering stage） （OMS） were designed. The effects of the 6 treatments on the effects of growth and development， yield， quality， and soil microorganisms of biennial A. membranaceus were studied. The results showed that： The yield of OMD underground was the highest， which was 13.25% higher than that of C treatment and 35.75% higher than that of O treatment. Compared with CK treatment， OMD treatment significantly increased the content of Astragalus polysaccharide and total flavone by 20.88% and 98.50%， respectively. The effects of OMD and OMI treatment on root volume， root length and root dry matter accumulation were significantly higher than those of C treatment. The results of high-throughput sequencing showed that OMD treatment increased the abundance of Actinobacteria and Chloroflexi in soil. After comprehensive consideration， it is concluded that organic fertilizer+mineral fertilizer+microbial fertilizer （dipping root during transplanting） is the most optimal treatment method.Keywords：organic production;Astragalus membranaceus;organic fertilizer;mineral fertilizer;microbial fertilizer36|41|2<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-08- Abstract：In order to further promote the new concept of green pest control and solve the pest problems in organic agriculture， publications on the current situation of pests in organic agriculture at home and abroad in recent years as well as the green and effective pest management strategies and methods were collected and organized based on the Web of Science Core Collection Database （SCI Expanded Database） and the China Science Citation Database. The results showed that： Organic agriculture was showing a sustained growth trend， but the types and quantities of pests in the agricultural system were constantly increasing， and the degree of damage was increasing year by year， bringing serious economic losses. More and more scientific researchers participated in organic agriculture pest control and obtained a number of new technologies in organic agriculture pest control and achieved some new results. This study provides an overview of the current situation of major pests in organic agriculture in China， and proposes management strategies and green control technologies for organic agriculture pests.Keywords：organic agriculture;pest occurrence;pest control;green prevention and control36|33|2<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-08
- Abstract：To gain a deeper understanding of biological pest control in organic agricultural production， in this study， based on the combination with recent research and field practice， the basic characteristics， associated ecological principles and common types of indigenous natural enemies in organic farmland were briefly summarized. The habitat mechanism of indigenous natural enemies in farmland was analyzed and a series of conservation methods commonly used in current organic production were summarized. The analysis revealed that the population density of indigenous natural enemies was often affected by agricultural cultivation， pesticides and abnormal climate.To fully tap into their potential for pest control， active and moderate habitat management of natural enemies was necessary. A good habitat can ensure sufficient food， necessary humidity and suitable shelter for the survival of indigenous natural enemies. In terms of implementation，by properly applying organic matter and managing farmland vegetation， the soil environment can be gradually improved， and a stable， rich， and sustainable farmland ecosystem with biodiversity can be established， thereby providing possibilities for the habitat conservation of indigenous natural enemies. Finally， relevant suggestions were put forward for the implementation strategies of habitat conservation of indigenous natural enemies in organic farmland， in order to provide reference for practitioners in organic agriculture.Keywords：organic agriculture;pest control;indigenous natural enemies;farmland biodiversity;habitat management;conservation biological control28|25|1<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-08
- Abstract：To develop low cost and high efficiency agricultural Jiaosu inoculants and investigate their effects， the restricted continuous subculture method was adopted to culture Jiaosu microorganisms by using the improved MRS （M） and brown sugar （H） medium， respectively. Two groups of lactic acid bacteria composite strains named MLA 1 and HLA 1 were obtained. The two groups strains were inoculated into agricultural Jiaosu fermentation system. After the restricted continuous subculturing， the volatile fatty acid concentration， pH and the microbial structure of the strains were measured. The copies of 16s rRNA gene bacteria and lactic acid bacteria， pH， volatile fatty acid concentration and the inhibition effect on Fusarium oxysporum of inoculated Jiaosu were determined. The results showed that： Both MLA 1 and HLA 1 were mainly composed of Lactobacillus and Acetobacter. In the MLA 1 culture， the acid production increased by 40% and lactobacillus abundance by 5% compared with those of HLA 1. The Chao， Faith， and Shannon indices of HLA 1 were all higher， indicating higher microbial diversity. After inoculation with MLA 1 and HLA 1， the lactic acid yield of Jiaosu increased by 251% and 295%， respectively， the proportion of lactic acid bacteria in the bacteria increased by 12% and 16%， respectively， and the inhibitory rate against F. oxysporum increased by more than 15%. In conclusion， the inoculation effects of HLA 1 and MLA 1 are similar. Considering the cost， the brown sugar medium is more suitable for screening inoculants and conducive to achieve the low cost and high quality during the large-scale production of agricultural Jiaosu.Keywords：agricultural Jiaosu;brown sugar medium;lactic acid bacterias;ecological additive35|26|0<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-08
Effects of agricultural Jiaosu on human excrement transformation and microbial community response mechanism AI Introduction
Abstract：To investigate the effects of agricultural Jiaosu on microbial community and fertilizer value of effluent of septic tank， a rural household three-chamber septic tank was utilized as a reactor. Two treatments were established： One with the addition of 0.2% agricultural Jiaosu （AJ） and another without agricultural Jiaosu （CK）. Various parameters including pH， ammonium nitrogen， free ammonia， nitrate nitrogen， sCOD， and microbial diversity of the effluent from the three chambers of the septic tank were measured. Additionally， the effects of different treatments on root length， plant height， leaf area， dry weight， and fresh weight of pakchoi were determined. Co-occurrence networks and Linear Discriminant Effect Size analysis （LEfSe） were employed to annotate microbial information and infer central taxa. The results indicate that the addition of agricultural Jiaosu altered the dominant taxa except Fastidiosipila and all central taxa among the bacteria in the septic tank effluent. Compared to CK， the abundance of Proteiniphilum and Desulfomicrobium in AJ increased by 7.04% and 10.14%， respectively （P＜0.05）. Tissierella was both a dominant taxon and a central taxon in CK， but its abundance decreased by 5.62% in AJ （P＜0.05）. In terms of chemical properties， the addition of agricultural Jiaosu helped reduce the content of harmful components for plant growth during the fermentation of human excrement. Compared with CK， the free ammonia and sCOD in AJ effluent decreased by 24.5% and 27.5%， respectively （P＜0.05）. Application of AJ effluent increased the survival rate and yield of pakchoi by an average of 17% and 34% compared to CK. In conclusion， the addition of agricultural Jiaosu during the fermentation of human excrement the abundance of bacteria beneficial to soil or plants， improves the rate of organic matter metabolism， and enhances effluent application effectiveness by reducing the content of harmful components for crop growth.Keywords：agricultural Jiaosu;microbial diversity;keystone taxa;human excrement fertilization35|21|0<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-08- Abstract：In order to explore the role of agricultural Jiaosu （AJ） in improving the quality of organic tomato during germination and planting， germination and cultivation experiments were carried out by taking tomato variety 'Pingguoqing' as experimental material. In the germination experiment， the commercial seedling （S） and farm-made （Z） substrates were used， and each substrate was treated with AJ （JS） and water （CK）， respectively. The germination energy and germination rate of tomato seeds were determined； In the cultivation experiment， a split zone design was adopted. In the main zone， the amount of AJ root irrigation 250 mL + aboveground spraying 20 mL （J1） were applied， meanwhile the control is to replace AJ with an equal amount of water （J0）. In secondary zone， the amount of 15 （Y1）， 45 （Y2） and 75 （Y3） t/hm2 organic fertilizer were designated. There were 6 treatments in total. The plant height， stem diameter， internode length， leaf SPAD， yield， quality and soil nutrients of tomato were measured， and the changes of soil microbial community structure under the treatment with the highest comprehensive evaluation value （D） of quality were measured. The results showed that： 1） AJ improved the germination energy and germination rate of tomato seeds. The germination energy and germination rate of ZJS were 26.7% and 4.3% higher than those of ZCK， and the germination energy and germination rate of SJS were 2.3% and 2.0% higher than those of SCK， respectively. 2） In the cultivation experiment， AJ promoted the healthy growth of plants and improved the yield and quality of tomato. Compared with J0， the stem diameter of tomato treated with J1 increased by 6.4%-7.1%， the SPAD increased by 6.3%-7.1%. The plant internode shortened by 11.9%-21.2%， and the yield increased by 9.7%-16.9%. Under the amount of Y1 and Y2 organic fertilizer， the lycopene content， vitamin C content and sugar-acid ratio of J1 fruit increased by 55.7%-70.7%， 7.2%-17.0% and 24.2%-33.4%， respectively. Compared with J0， and the comprehensive evaluation value of fruit quality of J1 was higher than that of J0. 3） AJ improved soil nutrient status and microbial community structure. Compared with J0， the content of soil organic matter of J1 increased by 24.2%-43.6%， the content of nitrate nitrogen increased by 17.3%-28.0%， and the richness of soil bacterial and fungal communities respectively decreased by 12.2% and 22.8% compared with J0. However， the fungal abundance of the phylum Ascomycota in the soil increased by 6.24%， and that of Firmicutes and Acidobacteria increased by 6.31% and 11.33%， respectively. In summary， AJ effectively enhanced the germination of tomato seeds in different substrates， improved the plant type and leaf photosynthetic capacity of tomato， and increased the contents of soil organic matter and nitrate nitrogen. At the same time， it also increased the abundance of microorganisms such as Ascomycetes and Bacillus， promoted the growth and development of plants， which makes it can be used for high-quality and high-yield cultivation of organic tomato.Keywords：tomato;agricultural Jiaosu;germination;planting techniques;soil microorganisms45|45|2<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-08
- Abstract：In order to explore the effect of agricultural Jiaosu on rapid acid production and fermentation of kitchen waste， five treatments were set up by respectively adding 0（JT0）， 1（JT1）， 3（JT3）， 7（JT7） and 10 g/L（JT10） to kitchen waste for fermentation. The dynamic change of pH， organic acid， dry matter， crude protein and crude fat ash in the fermentation process were determined. The results showed that： 1） The pH of the five treatments decreased significantly on the first day of fermentation and was basically stable after the 7th day. Lactic acid， acetic acid and propionic acid were produced 3 d before fermentation acidification， and the content of lactic acid was significantly higher than that of acetic acid and propionic acid. Among them， the final lactic acid content of 50.65 mg/L under JT3 treatment was the highest. The production of lactic acid caused the rapid decline of pH. A large amount of lactic acid was produced in each treatment after 3 d of fermentation， and the acid production basically ended after 7 d， and pH also tended to be stable. The main acid production period of kitchen waste was in the first 3 d and tended to level off on the 7th day. 2） On the 7th day of fermentation， the dry matter content of JT3 treatment was 21.77 g/100 g， which was 11.13% lower than that of before fermentation， and the highest decrease compared with other treatments in the same period. Overall， the crude protein content of each treatment reached the maximum on the 7th day of fermentation. On the 7th day of fermentation， the crude protein content of 19.90 g/100 g under JT3 treatment was the highest. After fermentation， the crude fat content of all treatments decreased significantly （P < 0.05）， and there was no significant difference between the crude fat content of JT10 and raw materials， among them， the highest crude fat content of JT3 was 17.54 g/100 g. Combined with pH， organic acids and various metabolites， the fermentation effect of JT3 treatment was relatively good. In summary， when the addition amount of agricultural Jiaosu is 3 g/L and the fermentation time is 4-7 d， the acidizing effect of kitchen waste fermentation is the best， which can be used as an effective way for low-cost and rapid treatment of kitchen waste.Keywords：kitchen waste;agricultural Jiaosu;acidification of kitchen waste31|21|2<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-08
Research status and hot spot analysis of agricultural Jiaosu treatment of sewage based on bibliometrics AI Introduction
Abstract：In order to explore the application methods and practical effects of agricultural Jiaosu in sewage treatment， and to explore the feasibility of using effluent for farmland irrigation， this study used the visualization software VOSviewer to comprehensively analyze 1 952 relevant literatures on agricultural Jiaosu in CNKI and Web of Science databases. The results showed that： 1） The research directions of sewage treatment with agricultural Jiaosu at home and abroad mainly focus on the fermentation process of agricultural Jiaosu， effective components of agricultural Jiaosu， pollutant removal effect， Jiaosu addition and treatment conditions， environmental impact and application examples. 2） Agricultural Jiaosu is a complex and stable ecosystem formed by anaerobic fermentation of microorganisms， which integrates beneficial microorganisms， organic acids， a variety of hydrolases and other active metabolic components. It can improve the degradation efficiency of pollutants in sewage. The treated sewage meets the standard of farmland irrigation water quality. 3） As a low-cost and green preparation， agricultural Jiaosu has been gradually used in sewage treatment in recent years. Because domestic sewage contains mineral elements such as nitrogen， phosphorus and potassium， it has rich nutrients and irrigation water potential. The use of rural domestic sewage after Jiaosu treatment for farmland irrigation can effectively solve the problems of agricultural water shortage and rural domestic sewage pollution. To sum up， under the situation of global water shortage， as a new high-efficiency and low-cost way of sewage treatment and recycling， agricultural Jiaosu treatment of sewage is to build a model of returning domestic sewage and other resources to the farmland from the demand of agricultural sustainable development， which provides a new idea for the healthy development of farmland ecosystem.Keywords：agricultural Jiaosu;sewage treatment;waste utilization;irrigation of farmland32|27|0<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-08Effects of agricultural Jiaosu on the improvement of sandy soil, acidic soil and saline-alkali soil AI Introduction
Abstract：To explore the effect of agricultural Jiaosu on soil improvement，this study investigated the short-term improvement of sandy soil， acidic soil， and saline-alkali soil using agricultural Jiaosu （AJ） through laboratory potted cultivation for a period of 30 days. The feasibility of AJ as soil amendments was evaluated by measuring the physicochemical properties and microbial composition of soil samples. The results showed that： AJ can reduce the pH of sandy soil from 9.63 to 6.42， increase the content of organic matter by 8 times， and increase the content of soil nutrient （nitrogen， phosphorus， and potassium）. The beneficial microorganisms in AJ，Lactobacillus and Acetobacter， become the dominant bacterial community， while the fungal diversity is significantly reduced； For acidic soil， AJ has little effect on its pH， but its soil organic matter and nitrogen， phosphorus， and potassium content are increased. Similarly， the beneficial microorganisms in AJ can effectively colonize in acidic soil； For saline alkali soil， AJ can effectively reduce its pH （from 10.37 to 7.77） and increase soil nutrient content. The relative abundance of Acetobacter， Kocuria， Planococcus， and Alkaliberium in the soil is higher after the application of AJ， which inhibits the growth of soil pathogenic fungi. In the future， the agricultural Jiaosu can be used to improve soil quality by targeting prominent issues in different soils.Keywords：agricultural Jiaosu;soil improvement;sandy soil;sour soil;saline alkali soil30|24|1<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-08Improvement effects of liquid agricultural Jiaosu and its different components on native and arable soils AI Introduction
Abstract：In order to explore the improvement effects of liquid agricultural Jiaosu and its different components on native soil and arable soil， liquid agricultural Jiaosu were separated by centrifugation and the supernatant and enzyme bacterial solution were obtained. Using soil indoor cultivation method， sterile water （CK） as the control， native soil and arable soi were treated with the supernatant of Jiaosu （T1）， microorganism solution of Jiaosu （T2） and liquid agricultural Jiaosu （T3）， respectively. The improvement effects of the different treatments on the two soils were evaluated in terms of soil aggregates， enzyme activities， physical and chemical properties and microorganisms. The results showed that： 1） Compared with CK， sucrase activity of negative soil was significantly increased by 501.67% and 2 173.5% （P＜0.05） on day 14 under T1 and T3 treatments， and the sucrase activity of arable soil was significantly increased by 896.5% and 1 484.49% on day 21， respectively（P＜0.05）. 2） The pH of native soil under T1 treatment and arable soil under T3 treatment increased from 6.75 and 6.8 （day 0） to 7.49 and 6.94 （day 28）， respectively. Compared with CK， the conductivity of arable soil under T3 treatments was significantly increased by 10.13% （P＜0.05） on day 21， and the conductivity of negative soil under T3 treatment was significantly increased by 29.68% （P＜0.05） on day 28. 3） Compared to CK， the actinomycetes of negative soil and bacteria of arable soil under T2 treatment significantly increased by 415.71% and 1 137.84%， respectively （P＜0.05）. The actinomycetes of arable soil under T1 treatment significantly increased by 81.69% （P＜0.05）， and the number of fungi in the native soil under T3 treatment significantly increased by 44.44% （P＜0.05）. 4） Compared with CK， the number of aggregates more than 2 mm grain size in the native soil significantly increased by 35.25%， 39.80% and 35.77% under T1， T2， and T3 treatment， respectively （P＜0.05）. The number of fungi in the arable soil under T1 treatment ranged 0.3 to 1 mm particle-size aggregates increased significantly by 77.65% （P＜0.05）. The average mass diameter of soil aggregates MWD and geometric mean diameter of soil GMD of native soil under T2 treatment increased significantly by 17.38% and 22.55%， respectively （P＜0.05）. 5） The supernatant of liquid agricultural Jiaosu played an important role in the native soil and arable soil. 6） The conductivity was significantly and positively correlated with soil urease （P＜0.05） and soil sucrase activity （P＜0.001）， and pH was significantly and positively correlated with MWD and GMD （P＜0.001）. In conclusion， liquid agricultural enzymes can rapidly activate native and arable soils and improve soil enzyme activity and agglomerate stability， and its supernatant plays a major role.Keywords：agricultural Jiaosu;soil enzyme activity;soil aggregates;soil improvement38|35|1<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-08Effects of different fertilizer inputs on the soil quality in organic vegetable fields AI Introduction
Abstract：To investigate the changes of soil quality under different fertilizer input scenarios， four treatments with the commercial organic fertilizer （OF）， kitchen organic fertilizer （KOF）， green manure （G） and planting green manure with microbial agent （MG） were set up and compared to the control without fertilizer application （CK） in the organic vegetable fields. The physical and chemical indicators such as the pH， organic matter content， and cation exchange capacity etc. of organic vegetable field soil were determined after different fertilizer inputs. Correlation analysis， cluster analysis and the principal component analysis were adopted to establish a minimum dataset to evaluate the soil quality in organic vegetable fields. The comprehensive impact index of the different fertilizer inputs on soil quality was calculated based on nonlinear parameter equations and weights. The results showed that： Compared with CK， the application of OF and KOF significantly increased soil pH， available phosphorus content， electrical conductivity， and sodium ion content （P<0.05）. The application of KOF also significantly increased soil organic matter by 18.52%（P<0.05）. Compared to CK， the application of organic fertilizer and planting green manure improved soil quality. The application of KOF displayed the most significant effect on improving soil quality， and its comprehensive soil quality evaluation index increased by 30.23% compared to that of CK. Among the eight indicators of the minimum dataset for soil quality evaluation， soil organic matter had the greatest influence on soil quality. In summary， kitchen organic fertilizer input is more beneficial in improving soil quality than the commercial organic fertilizer and green manure inputs.Keywords：organic fertilizer;green manure;soil properties;minimum dataset;soil quality evaluation34|29|7<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-08- Abstract：With the aim of alleviating the drawbacks of clear-cutting and solving the problem of recycling grape winter pruning waste， this study reviewed the effects of covering crops and branch mulching on soil physicochemical and microbiological changes in vineyards in recent years. The results showed that： 1） Grass and branch coverage can reduce soil bulk density， increased porosity， increased water content， improved soil aggregate stability and promoted the formation of soil structure； 2） Soil enzyme activities increased under mulching measures； 3） Grass and branch coverage resulted in an increase in soil microbial populations and an improvement in microbial structure； 4） The increase in nutrients would drive changes in microbial abundance and community structure； 5） Covering crops and branch mulching stimulated the formation and transformation of aggregates with different grain sizes. In conclusion， organic mulching measures， such as covering crops and branching， are of great significance for the soil health of vineyards and are an important measures to promote the grape industry.Keywords：vineyard;covering crops;branch mulching;soil microbiology44|26|6<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-08
Effects of biochar-based organic fertilizer on Cu speciation and microbial community in soils AI Introduction
Abstract：To clarify the mitigation effect of biochar-based organic fertilizer on soil heavy metal pollution and its improvement effect on soil microecology， a field plot experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of three biochar-based organic fertilizers （T1， T2 and T3） on the soil nutrition， Cu speciation and microbial community after 5-year continuous application. T1， T2 and T3 were mixtures of organic manure and biochar， and the weight percentage of biochar were 3%， 6% and 9%， respectively. The control group was organic manure （CK1）. All treatments had equal nitrogen input. Compared with CK1， T1， T2 and T3 treatments significantly increased soil pH by 0.65， 0.86 and 0.90 units， respectively； T2 and T3 significantly increased soil ammonium nitrogen by 1.94 times and 1.66 times， and T3 significantly increased soil organic carbon by 22.7%； Only T3 treatment had a significant effect on the distribution rate of exchangeable and reducible Cu， which were decreased by 21.9% and 45.1%， respectively； T2 and T3 treatments significantly increased soil basal respiration rate （51.5% and 37.6%， respectively）， and T3 treatment significantly increased soil bacterial content， gram-negative bacteria and total PLFAs （15.5%， 16.8% and 17.2%， respectively）. Redundancy analysis indicated that soil pH and total Cu were the main environmental factors affected the variation in soil microbial community composition. In summary， T3 treatment had the best effects on improving soil chemical properties， reducing the availability of heavy metal Cu， and increasing the activity and quantity of soil microorganisms.Keywords：biochar-based organic fertilizer;heavy metal pollution;phospholipid fatty acids;soil respiration43|23|4<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-08Effect of oxygen partial pressure on odor emission from biomass waste composting under controlled condition AI Introduction
Abstract：Aerobic composting technology is the fundamental technology to realize safe treatment and resource utilization of organic solid waste in controlled ecological life support system （CELSS）. However， the direct application of compost in CELSS is limited by excessive oxygen supply and energy consumption due to the differences between ground condition and space. Among which， the oxygen supply is an important factor that comprehensively affects the composting process， energy consumption and odor emission. In order to obtain suitable oxygen supply parameters in composting with low energy consumption and low emissions for controlled ecological life support system， a mixture of oxygen and nitrogen was used to simulate gas supply under controlled condition， meanwhile， kitchen waste and garden waste were used as composting materials. The effects of oxygen partial pressure on the physicochemical properties and the emissions of NH3 and H2S during the process were investigated by setting three treatments of 5% （T1）， 15% （T2） and 30% （T3） oxygen partial pressure. The results showed that： T2 treatment stimulated the materials’ biodegradation and temperature rise of the reactor. Its maximum temperature （65.95 ℃） and the high-temperature duration （14 days） were higher than those in the other two treatments. Compared with T1 and T3 treatments， the accumulative emission of NH3 in T2 treatment was reduced by 65.35% and 24.01%， respectively. Combining the physical and chemical indexes of the products and the emission of odor gases， it was concluded that the oxygen partial pressure of 15% was suitable for composting. This study provided a scientific reference for the construction of organic cycle system in controlled ecological life support system.Keywords：composting;oxygen;oxygen partial pressure;kitchen waste;odor gas26|20|0<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-08Estimation on farmland bearing capacity of animal manure based on soil organic carbon density change rate AI Introduction
Abstract：To develop the estimation method of the bearing capacity of animal manure based on soil carbon sequestration， The agriculture and animal husbandry production system in Beidahuang Group （BG） and Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps （XPCC） were selected as the research objects. According to the current situation of the agriculture and animal husbandry industry and farmland soil carbon sequestration mechanism， the farmland bearing capacity model of animal manure based on soil organic carbon density change rate was constructed. This model was based on the steady-state method from IPCC technical guidelines. The target value of soil organic carbon density change rate was set， and manure application amount and carrying capacity could be calculated through this model. The results showed that： 1） When the farmland soil organic carbon density remained at the current level， the bearing capacity of animal manure for BG and XPCC ranged from 180.5 to 832.1 and 14.7 to 327.6 pig equivalent per hectare， respectively. 2） Considering the demand for soil carbon sequestration， the amount of animal breeding would be increased in the future. This study provided reference materials for coupling crop and livestock production， green and low-carbon development.Keywords：bearing capacity of animal manure;steady-state method;soil organic carbon density change rate;soil carbon sequestration24|19|1<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-08- Abstract：In order to finding the causes for the gap in the application of organic fertilizer substitution technology between cash crops and grain crops， this study constructed a logical framework of "type of crop-market environment perception-organic fertilizer application behavior". The Probit and Tobit models were adopted to analyze the effects of farmers' main type of crop on organic fertilizer application behavior， based on micro-survey data of 987 farmers in Henan and Hubei provinces. The mechanism was verified using cascade regression method. It was found that： Firstly， the adoption rate and substitution ratio of organic fertilizer substitution technology among cash crop farmers are higher than those of grain crop farmers. Secondly， the type of crop influences farmers' organic fertilizer application behavior through their perception of the price， and the influence persists after the differences in crop characteristics are controlled. But the mechanism of volume perception is not significant. Lastly， the mechanism of type of crop through the perception of price to influence farmers' organic fertilizer application behavior exists only among farmers who prefer market returns， and the effect is not significant on subsistence farmers. Therefore， the market of grain products should be further regulated， and the certification system of high-quality agricultural products should be improved. To guarantee the effective operation of the high quality and price mechanism， more targeted technology promotion initiatives should be taken to promote organic fertilizer substitution technology to households and contribute to the green development of agriculture.Keywords：organic fertilizer;cash crops;grain crops;market environment perception34|64|3<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-08
Economic benefits, policy incentives, and ecological awareness: An analysis of the drivers of farmers’ participation in organic agriculture AI Introduction
Abstract：The aims of this study were to fully understand the motivations and willingness of farmers to participate in organic agriculture， and explore the driving factors that effectively encourage farmers to transition to organic farming. Based on the micro-survey data of 816 farmers， a double-hurdle model from the Yangxian Crested Ibis habitat， which is typical for both ecological protection and ecological development， was taken as study object. The core driving forces of farmers’ participation in organic agriculture were investigated from three perspectives： Economic benefits， policy incentives， and ecological awareness. The results show that： 1） The economic returns have a significant positive effect on farmers’ participation in organic agriculture， while operating costs and income fluctuations have a non-significant effect on both the behavior and the degree of farmers’ participation in organic； 2） The subsidy policies have a significant positive effect on both the behavior and the degree of farmers’ participation in organic agriculture， and the guiding policies have a significant positive effect only on the participation behavior of farmers but have a non-significant effect on the degree of farmers’ participation， whereas constraint policy has a significant negative effect on both the behavior and degree of farmers’ participation in organic agriculture； 3） Farmers’ ecological awareness has a significant positive effect on both the behavior and degree of farmers’ participation in organic agriculture； 4） In terms of the interaction effect， policy incentives can enhance the pull of economic returns on farmers’ participation in the forms of subsidies， guidance， constraints etc.， which can effectively alleviate the farmers’ fear and risk concerns.Keywords：organic agriculture;driving force;economic benefits;policy incentives;ecological awareness;Double-Hurdle model34|45|7<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-08
