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- Abstract：To scientifically predict the impacts of RCEP（Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership） implementation on China’s agricultural product imports and food security， and better utilize foreign agricultural product markets to achieve higher level of food security， this study uses the GTAP model for prior analysis. The results show that： The implementation of RCEP will enhance the availability of important agricultural products in China and effectively guarantee food security； The supply of some domestic agricultural products will be affected by RCEP partner countries； Some agricultural products exported to China by non-RCEP member countries will also be affected， but the overall negative impact is not significant. To conclude， some policy enlightenment are put forward in this study as follows： Seize the important opportunity of RCEP implementation and make full use of agricultural resources in partner countries； Strengthen the support of domestic agricultural industry development， and strive to reduce the negative impact of agricultural products from RCEP partner countries； Continue to promote the diversified import strategy of agricultural products and stabilize the economic and trade relations of non-RCEP member countries.Keywords：RCEP;import of agricultural products;food security;GTAP513|87|2<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-08
Motivation of the growth of China’s agricultural exports to other RCEP member countries：Based on the perspective of ternary margins AI Introduction
Abstract：To explore the factors driving the growth of Chinese agricultural exports to other RCEP member countries and their impact pathways， this study utilizes HS-6 level agricultural trade data from the UN Comtrade database spanning from 2001 to 2021. By employing the H-K decomposition method， the study first conducts a ternary marginal analysis of China’s agricultural export growth to RCEP member countries. The driving factors behind the growth of different types of agricultural products in China’s exports is then investigated. Finally， the study analyzes the factors influencing the ternary marginal of overall agricultural export trade. The results indicate that： In terms of the decomposition of export growth drivers， overall， the intensive margin expansion driven by price is the primary pathway for the growth of China’s agricultural exports to RCEP countries. At the product level， the growth of horticultural crops and aquatic products is primarily attributed to the dual effect of “price and quantity increase，” while the growth of agricultural by-products， cereals and oilseeds， and livestock products mainly relies on price-driven margins. Concerning the impact factors on the total agricultural export value and ternary marginal， factors such as the economic scale of RCEP member countries， geographical distance， trade facilitation levels， and population size significantly influence both the total value and ternary marginal growth of Chinese agricultural exports.Keywords：RCEP countries;agricultural exports;ternary margins;growth drivers143|56|0<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-08Has the Belt and Road Initiative promoted China’s agricultural foreign investment along the routes? AI Introduction
Abstract：In order to explore the impact of the Belt and Road Initiative on China's agricultural foreign investment and its internal logic， this study empirically examines the investment promotion effect of the Belt and Road Initiative by using the DID method on the data of China’s agricultural foreign investment projects in the Public List of Foreign Investment Enterprises （Institutions） Recorded Results from 2006 to 2018. The results show that：1） The implementation of the Belt and Road Initiative has significantly boosted the growth of China’s agricultural foreign investment， and the number of agricultural investment projects in countries along the Belt and Road is 2.385 units higher than in countries not along the Belt and Road.2） The Belt and Road Initiative has different promotion effects on agricultural foreign investment in countries with different conditions. The investment promotion effect is more significant for countries with lower levels of economic development or agricultural development. Compared with countries that have not signed the Belt and Road cooperation document with China， countries along the Belt and Road that have signed the Belt and Road cooperation documents with China have a more significant investment promotion effect. 3） The Belt and Road Initiative has indirectly promoted the growth of China’s agricultural foreign investment through policy communication， financial integration， unimpeded trade and people-to-people bonds. Therefore， China government should continue to promote policy communication with countries along the Belt and Road， promote phased cooperation in a targeted manner based on the development conditions of different economies， and strengthen international currency swap cooperation and cultural exchanges and mutual trust at the same time.Keywords：the Belt and Road Initiative;agricultural outbound investment;five links;promotion mechanism135|62|0<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-08- Abstract：To explore the driving factors for the effective diffusion of the government-promoted technology under the background of food security， taking the ratoon rice that the government attaches great importance to in recent years as an example， this study applies a multivariate endogenous switching regression model that can correct for self-selection bias for testing. The results showed that： Firstly， the administrative guidance played a significant role in the effective diffusion of ratoon rice planting technology. The probability of farmers adopting the technology for planting ratoon rice is significantly increased when the household heads are village cadres and the villages where farmers reside have demonstration bases for ratoon rice planting. Secondly， the economic benefit is an important influence factor driving farmers to adopt ratoon rice planting technology. The sales price expectation has a significant positive effect on farmers’ adoption of ratoon rice planting technology， and the economic effect analysis verifies that farmers’ net income per mu will be increased by 25.81% when planting ratoon rice than planting single-season rice， and it will not affect farmers’ non-farm production activities. Finally， based on the findings of the study， the following countermeasures are proposed to promote the diffusion of government-promoted technologies to achieve stable development： 1） Building an effective administrative guidance mechanism to mobilize the enthusiasm of agricultural extension agencies， and reasonably planning and paying attention to the construction of demonstration bases for government-promoted technologies； 2） When making decisions on technology diffusion， the economic benefits brought by the technology promotion to the farmers should be taken into consideration， and should not affect the non-agricultural income of the farmers.Keywords：food security;ratoon rice;technology diffusion;administrative guidance;economy-driven73|72|2<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-08
- Abstract：In order to clarify the regional differences of rice production in recent years in China and grasp the regional rice yield increase capacity， using national county-level sample rice production data（Data do not include those of Hong Kong， Macao and Taiwan regions. The same below）， this study analyzed the regional differences in rice production capacity， and adopted the Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index to investigate the contribution of driving factors for rice yield increase in counties from both temporal and spatial dimensions. The results showed that： From 2016 to 2019， the rice production pattern in China showed an increasing trend in the north and decreasing trend in the south， with a significant increase in yield in the Sanjiang Plain in the northeast of Heilongjiang Province. The spatial distribution pattern of rice planting area and total yield in the county was relatively close. At the national level， the planting area and yield jointly promoted the growth of rice yield， but the cumulative effect of yield per unit area contributed more than 93%， and the contribution of planting area was relatively small； The driving force of increasing yield per unit area on rice production in the time dimension was gradually increasing， while the effect of planting area was gradually weakening and transforming into a yield reduction effect. Regionally， the overall rice yield in the Northeast Plain region displayed an increasing trend， with the main driving factor was the planting area； The decrease in rice yield in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and the coastal areas of South China was mainly dominated by the sowing area； The rice yield in the Huanghuaihai region was increased， which was driven by the combined effects of planting area and yield per unit area； The rice yield in the southwest region showed a downward trend， and both the planting area and yield had a negative inhibitory effect. Therefore， on the basis of stabilizing the rice planting area， the Northeast Plain region should deeply explore the potential for yield improvement； The middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and the coastal areas of southern China will continue to strengthen yield improvement， accelerate the construction of high standard farmland， build suitable combinations of early and late rice varieties， and strengthen the protection of high-quality rice fields around the city； and the construction of reservoirs in the southwest region should be strengthened to solve the problem of seasonal water shortage.Keywords：county level;rice production;regional disparities;yield-increasing effects87|61|2<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-08
- Abstract：The concept of Diversified Food Supply System （DFSS） is complex and has not yet reached consensus， which can easily lead to the diverging food policy practices in China. With the aim of enhancing the level of food security governance under an all-encompassing approach to food， based on summarizing the policy origins of DFSS， the policy priorities of different food types and the four-pronged connotation of ‘diversification’， this study defines DFSS as a complex system that expands food sources through the orderly utilization of arable land resources， the development and utilization of various types of land resources， the promotion of the common progress of various types of food production technology， and the expansion of food import sources， in order to meet the increasingly diversified demand for food consumption under a governance system that ensures the priority of food supply security. By analyzing the challenges of the constructing a diversified food supply system， specific construction countermeasures including synchronously improving the comprehensive food production capacity and clarity of arable land governance， reducing the marginal cost of forestry， animal husbandry and fishery production in non-cropland areas， exploring differentiated agricultural industry development modes， and adjusting the pattern of the international supply chain of soybeans and corn are proposed in this study.Keywords：diversified food supply system;all-encompassing approach to food;food security governance;food system69|46|2<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-08
Spatial-temporal evolution of cultivated land use transition and its impact on grain production in the Yellow River Basin AI Introduction
Abstract：In order to explore the trend of cultivated land use transition and its impact on grain production， based on 115 prefecture-level cities in 9 provinces and autonomous regions of the Yellow River Basin， the entropy weight method， global spatial autocorrelation and spatial lag model were used to construct an index system of cultivated land use transition. The spatiotemporal pattern evolution of cultivated land use transition from 2000 to 2018 was analyzed by calculating the cultivated land use transition index， and the impact of cultivated land use transition on grain production was measured. The results showed that： 1） The spatial distribution of the explicit transition index of cultivated land use in the Yellow River Basin displyed low in plain areas and high in mountainous areas patten. The spatial distribution of the implicit transition index is more related to local economic conditions. The explicit transition index， the implicit transition index and the integrated transition index all show a trend of first increasing and then decreasing. 2） From 2000 to 2018， three types of transformation indices in the Yellow River Basin showed obvious spatial agglomeration， and the spatial agglomeration was gradually weakened. 3） The explicit transition of cultivated land use inhibited grain production to a certain extent， and the implicit transition and comprehensive transition significantly promoted the increase of grain yield. The construction and improvement of infrastructure and mechanization level were the main reasons. In conclusion， this study can provide theoretical support and decision-making reference for the study of regional cultivated land use transition and ensuring grain production in the nine provinces and regions of the Yellow River Basin from the municipal scale.Keywords：Yellow River Basin;cultivated land use transition;grain production;impact analysis;spatial lag model79|53|10<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-08The study of the role of 5-Aminolevulinic acid in plant growth and response to abiotic stress AI Introduction
Abstract：To develop more effective strategies for enhancing abiotic stress resistance in horticultural plants， this study reviews the biosynthesis pathways of 5-aminolevulinic acid （ALA） and its mechanisms in improving plant tolerance to abiotic stress and regulating plant growth. The results indicated that： 1） The biosynthesis of ALA mainly occurs through the C5 pathway and the Shemin pathway， which are emphasized in different organisms to adapt to their unique physiological and ecological needs.2） As a precursor of porphyrin compounds， ALA plays a crucial role in plant photosynthesis and metabolic processes .3） ALA enhances plant stress tolerance by influencing gene expression， metabolic regulation， and signal transduction. 4） Further research will focus on exploring the specific molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways of ALA， as well as developing new approaches to utilize ALA for improving crop quality and increasing agricultural productivity. Overall， ALA demonstrates significant research potential and practical applications in agricultural production and scientific research. However， to fully harness its potential and effectiveness， in-depth studies on its specific molecular mechanisms are required， as well as further identification of ALA's role as a plant signaling molecule and the existence of its specific receptors. The study not only provides more effective strategies for improving abiotic stress resistance in horticultural plants but also offer a theoretical basis for ensuring stable and sustainable crop production under the increasing challenges of global climate change and environmental stress.Keywords：5-aminolevulinic acid;abiotic stress;growth and development;regulatory mechanism69|29|2<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-08Effect of bagging on fruit quality and aroma components of peach fruit in solar greenhouse AI Introduction
Abstract：In order to investigate the effects of bagging on fruit quality and aroma components of peach in solar greenhouse， two peach varieties ， ‘Chunxue’ and ‘Zhongtaohongyu’， were selected for inner black and outer yellowish double-layer bag covering treatment and fruit without bagging treatment were used as control. The traditional methods and HS-SPME-GC-MS were used to determine the fruit weight， skin color， soluble sugar， total sugar， organic acid， total acid content and volatile aroma components of ‘Chunxue’ peach and ‘Zhongtaohongyu’ peach. The results showed that： Compared with control， the bagging treatment improved the fruit weight and total volatile aroma components significantly， but decreased the contents of glucose， sucrose and malate， while the contents of fructose， sorbitol， tartaric acid and citric acid had no significant change. A total of 44 main volatile aroma components belonging to seven classes （aldehydes， esters， alcohols， lactones， terpenes， hydrocarbons，ketones） were detected in all samples. Among these compounds， aldehydes were the most abundant， followed by esters， alcohols and lactones， and terpenoids， hydrocarbons and ketones were the lowest. The contents of aldehydes， ketones and aroma increased significantly after bagging. Hexal， Z-3-hexenal， E-2-hexenal， hexyl acetate and β-ionone were identified as key aroma-active compounds of ‘Chunxue’ peach and ‘Zhongtaohongyu’ peach. In conclusion， the bagging treatment can increase fruit size， improve the color of fruit surface， change the content of sugar and acid components， increase the volatile aroma content of fruit， and significantly improve the appearance quality as well as strong aroma.Keywords：peach;bagging;aroma volatile components;gas chromatography-mass spectrometry;quality61|39|3<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-08Effects of side lighting with far-red and green light on the growth quality of hydroponic tomato seedling AI Introduction
Abstract：The aim of this study was improving the seedling index and physiological indicaters of tomato in plant factory. To explore the effects of side supplementary lighting with far-red and green light on the growth quality of hydroponic dwarf red tomato seedlings， Jingyan tomato was used as the research object. The ratio of red and blue light of the LED light lamps from the top lighting was set as 3 to 1. The red light wavelength was （660±10） nm， the blue light wavelength was （450±10） nm， and the light intensity （PPFD） was 250 μmol/（m2·s）， with the photoperiod of 14 h/10 h. Seven treatments were set up， which were no lateral lighting supplement （CK）， green light unilateral lighting supplement （Gu）， far red light unilateral lighting supplement （Fu）， green light＋far red light unilateral lighting supplement （GFu）， green light bilateral lighting supplement （Gb）， far red light bilateral lighting supplement （Fb）， and green light＋far red light bilateral lighting supplement （GFb）. Tomato seedlings were harvested after 47 days， and the growth index and physiological index parameters of tomato seedlings under each treatment were determined. The results showed that： compared with CK group， the stem diameter， aboveground dry weight， underground dry weight and strong seedling index of dwarf red tomato treated with Fb increased， and the strong seedling index 2 increased by 33.6%； The growth indexes of tomato under Gu and Gb treatments decreased significantly， and the strong seedling index 1 of GB treatment decreased by 53.1%； The Gu and Gb treatments with green light supplementation increased the chlorophyll content of dwarf red tomatoes， while the far red light supplementation treatment of Fu and Fb significantly reduced the chlorophyll content of dwarf red tomatoes； Green light supplementation with Gu and Gb significantly reduced the nitrate nitrogen content in dwarf red tomatoes， while green or far red light supplementation significantly increased the soluble protein content in the leaves of dwarf red tomato. In summary， the green light supplementation inhibits the growth of dwarf red tomato seedlings， while far red light promotes the growth. The bilateral supplementation has stronger effect than unilateral supplementation， and far red light with bilateral supplementation has the best promoting effect.Keywords：plant factories;dwarf red tomato;far red light;green light;unilateral and bilateral fill light;growth quality57|29|1<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-08Physiological mechanisms of light quality alternation in alleviating the injury on lettuce caused by continuous red and blue light illumination AI Introduction
Abstract：In environmentally controlled plant factory， the effects of conventional light （NL， 400 μmol/（m2·s）， 18 h/6 h photoperiod， R/B=4∶1） ， continuous light （CL， 300 μmol/（m2·s）， 24 h/0 h photoperiod， R/B=4∶1） and spectral alternation continuous light （CL-A， red light with 320 μmol/（m2·s） and 18 h light period， blue light 240 μmol/（m2·s） with 6 h light period， respectively） on the growth， yield， DPPH radical scavenging rate， and contents of carbohydrate， reactive oxygen species and MDA of lettuce were investigated via hydroponic culture and diurnal six sampling method （3 times at 6 h interval in the light period and 3 times at 2 h interval in the dark period） . The results showed that：The lettuce leaves were damaged and the plant morphology was changed after 12 days treatment. The shoot fresh weight and leaf area of lettuce were the highest and the injury grade was the lowest under CL-A treatment. In NL， CL and CL-A order， the contents of starch and sucrose， the DPPH free radical scavenging rate increased gradually significantly， while the contents of hydrogen peroxide and MDA increased first and then decreased， but the superoxide anions content increased first and then decreased or always increased. In conclusion， light quality alternation alleviates the injury on lettuce caused by continuous red and blue light illumination. This study provides scientific support for the application of alternating light quality and continuous lighting in artificial light plant factories.Keywords：lettuce;continuous light;spectral alternation;carbohydrate;reactive oxygen species37|34|0<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-08Effects of light quality on the growth and main functional component of Pseudostellaria heterophylla AI Introduction
Abstract：In order to study the effects of different light quality on the growth， content and yield of main functional component of Pseudostellaria heterophylla seedlings， LEDs were precisely modulated to B（blue light）， differentred-blue light combinations （R∶B=2∶1， R∶B=4∶1， R∶B=6∶1， R∶B=8∶1， R∶B=10∶1）， and R（red light）. The growth， content and yield of the main functional components of seedlings of the tested plants were determined at 30 and 120 days under the different treatments. The results showed that：Light qualities displayed significant effects on the growth of seedlings， and the response of plants at different growth stages was different. The red light and red-blue combined light significantly increased the growth indices except root number of 30 d-seedlings， whereas， the growth of 120 d-plants showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing with the increase of red light ratio. The total chlorophyll content of P.heterophylla leaves at 30 d under red light was significantly lower than that under red and blue combined light， while it was not significantly different among most treatments at 120 d. Light quality exerted significant effects on the content and yield of functional components in P. heterophylla. Red light significantly increased the content of total saponins and heterophyllin B， and blue light significantly decreased the content of polysaccharides. The content of amino acids under all the treatments was lower than that of the standard substance of medicinal materials. In summary， the biomass and functional components of P. heterophylla were higher under red and blue combined light treatments， but the optimal combination ratio was different indifferent stages. The comprehensive evaluationin this study demonstrated that R∶B=10∶1 promoted the growth of seedlings at early growth stage， and R∶B = 8∶1 was beneficial to the root growth and functional component accumulation of plants in the middle and late stages.Keywords：Pseudostellaria heterophylla;red and blue light;growth indexes;functional component content33|23|3<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-08- Abstract：To study the effects of different light qualities on the growth， development， cellular structure， and accumulation of active components in Corydalis saxicola Bunting in a plant factory， the C.saxicola seedlings were used as the experimental material and 8 treatment were designed using white， red （R）， and blue （B） LED light sources. White light （control）， Blue light （E1）， R∶B ratio of 2∶1 （E2）， R∶B ratio of 4∶1 （E3）， R∶B ratio of 6∶1 （E4）， R∶B ratio of 8∶1 （E5）， R∶B ratio of 10∶1 （E6）， Red light （E7）. The growth indicators of plants and the content of dehydrocavidine under different treatments were measured and the anatomical structure of the leaves were observed. The results showed that： The increase in red light ratio had a significant impact on plant growth and component content. While E3 treatment significant increased the number of petioles， the diameter of the main root， and the aboveground dry weight； group E4 can optimize the root-to-shoot ratio； while pure red light promoted the growth of plant height and main root length. The content of chlorophyll a was higher in E5 treatment with high proportion of blue light and red light； group E2 had an advantage in the content of chlorophyll b， total chlorophyll， and carotenoids. At group E4， the content of Corydalis alkaloids in the root exceeded that in the aboveground part； the total alkaloid content in groups E3， E5， and E7 increased. Observations of tissue structure showed that an increase in the proportion of red light led to differences in plant tissue structure： group E2 had a significant palisade tissue； groups E3 and E7 had orderly differentiated palisade cells； groups E4 and E5 had disordered cell arrangement and loose mesophyll； group E6 had shrunken epidermal cells， loose and thickened spongy tissue， and unclear palisade tissue differentiation. In summary， light quality regulation has a significant regulation on the growth and development and secondary metabolites accumulation of C.saxicola.Keywords：Corydalis saxicola Bunting;LED light quality;growth indicators;dehydrocavidine;paraffin sections42|26|4<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-08
Comparison and implication of crop germplasm resource management in China and the United States based on multi-source data AI Introduction
Abstract：To analyze the problems existing in the management of crop germplasm resources in China and propose feasible paths to improve their utilization rate， this study queries and analyzes the relevant papers in the Web of Science database during 2014 and 2023， as well as the institutional policies， planning schemes， etc. on the websites of the governments and competent departments of China and the United States. The results indicate that： 1） China （Data of Taiwan Province is excluded） adopts vertical management approaches for crop germplasm resource， while the United States adopts flat management， but each has its own advantages and disadvantages； 2） China's crop germplasm resource conservation quantity is close to that of the United States， but there is a significant gap in phenotypic identification， genotypic identification and utilization efficiency； 3） China’s planning for crop germplasm resources lags behind the international situation and technological trends and has not been updated in a timely manner； 4） the informatization level of China's crop germplasm resource management is lower than that of the United States， which is not conducive to material retrieval and distribution； 5） the response of research on crop germplasm resources in China to emerging technologies is not as proactive as that in the United States； 6） the breadth of international cooperation on China’s crop germplasm resources is lower than that of the United States. Therefore， the management of China’s crop germplasm resources needs to make the following changes： 1） Actively respond to challenges and adjust planning goals in a timely manner； 2） improve the level of informatization in management to facilitate resource retrieval and utilization； 3） enhance awareness of intellectual property protection to prevent the overseas loss of germplasm resources； 4） expand international cooperation channels and enhance cooperative influence and leadership.Keywords：crop germplasm resource;China;the United States;multi-source;bibliometric32|26|1<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-08Effects of the soil conditions of natural volcanic slate lava platform on rice grain quality AI Introduction
Abstract：In order to reveal the mechanism of the volcanic lava slate soil environment on improving rice quality in cold region， soil samples were collected from the natural volcanic lava paddy field （T1） and ordinary rice field （T2） adjacent to the Xiangshui’s volcanic lava paddy field （5.2 km） in Mudanjiang City， Heilongjiang Province to determine their physical and chemical properties and soil element content. The photosynthetic parameters of leaves， N， P and K uptake， key enzyme activities of C and N metabolism at grain filling stage and rice quality indexes， and the correlation between various quality indicators and traits were investigated. The results showed that： The contents of organic matter， available silicon， magnesium， iron， zinc and selenium in T1 soil were significantly higher than those in T2 soil （P＜0.05）. At various growth stages of rice， the SPAD of leaves in T1 were significantly higher than those in T2 （P＜0.05）， and the absorption and accumulation of N， P， K in sheath， stem and panicle were also significantly higher （P＜0.05）. From the jointing to maturity of rice， the dry matter weight per hole in T1 was significantly lower than that in T2 （P＜0.05）， while the dry matter weight per stem was significantly higher （P＜0.05）. The activities of ADPG phosphorylase and soluble starch synthase of T1 grains were still higher in the late grain filling stage， and the activity of glutamine synthetase was significantly higher than that of T2 during the whole grain filling period （P＜0.05）. The contents of 17 amino acids， Mg， Fe， Zn and Se of rice under T1 were significantly higher than those of T2 （P＜0.05）. The chalkiness rate， chalky degree and crude protein content of rice in T1 were significantly lower than those of T2 （P＜0.05）， while head rice rate and taste score were significantly higher （P＜0.05）. The peak viscosity of rice grain starch in T1 was increased， while the minimum viscosity， attenuation and retrogradation value were decreased. To sum up， the soil environment of volcanic lava slate could increase the photosynthetic capacity of rice plant and dry matter accumulation per stem， promote the absorption and accumulation of N， P， K and nutrient elements in natural humus soil， and increase the metabolic activity of key enzymes for starch formation during the whole grain filling stage or late grain filling stage， and then improve the quality of rice.Keywords：natural volcanic lava paddy field;photosynthetic matter production;key enzyms of carbon and nitrogen metabolism;rice quality41|25|0<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-08Effects of sowing date on the stem and leaf growth and yield of soybean strip intercropping at different altitude areas AI Introduction
Abstract：In order to determine the appropriate soybean varieties and sowing dates at different altitudes in Liangshan Prefecture， Sichuan Province， a split-area experimental design was implemented. The experimental materials used were soybean varieties ‘Qihuang 34’ （‘QH 34’） and ‘Chengdou 18’ （‘CD 18’） sown at low altitude （1 600 m， LA）， middle altitude （2 000 m， MA） and high altitude （2 400 m， HA）. Soybean experimental varieties were planted on April 21th （early sowing， S1） and May 21th （late sowing， S2） at each altitude， respectively. The growth period of soybean was recorded， and the light transmittance， stem， leaf and dry matter distribution ratio and yield of soybean at three altitudes were measured and analyzed. The results showed that：The sowing dates and varieties had significant effects （P<0.05） on the growth and development， light environment， dry matter allocation， and yield of soybean in strip intercropping. Compared with S2， the growth period of ‘QH 34’ and ‘CD 18’ at three different altitudes of S1 was extended by 15， 19， 5 d， and 15， 15， 7 d， respectively （P<0.05）. The canopy transmittance and lodging rate were significantly reduced （P<0.05）， while the number of branches and leaf area index increased significantly （P<0.05）. Among them， the number of branches increased by 34.21% and 17.39%， the dry matter distribution ratio of ‘CD 18’ at maturity pods was elevated by 9.24% （P<0.05） in LA. The yield of ‘QH 34’ at each altitude in the S1 sowing date increased by 10.01% （LA）， 25.37% （MA）， and 43.56% （HA） （P<0.05） compared with the S2 sowing date. Similarly， the yield of ‘CD 18’ increased by 23.23% （LA）， 18.73% （MA）， and 62.27% （HA） （P<0.05） compared to S2 sowing date. The yields of ‘QH 34’ and ‘CD 18’ in the three altitude areas under the S1 sowing date were 2 611.26 and 2 740.18 （LA）， 2 627.87 and 2 947.02 （MA）， 1 115.22 and 1 405.96 kg/hm2 （HA）； Among them， ‘CD 18’ had the highest yield in MA under S1 sowing date. In conclusion， in the area with an altitude of 1 600 - 2 400 m in Liangshan Prefecture of Sichuan Province， the selection of ‘CD 18’ for timely early sowing （April 21th， S1） is beneficial to increasing soybean yield under the soybean-maize strip intercropping system.Keywords：soybean-maize strip intercropping;altitude;sowing date;stem and leaf characteristics;yield56|21|5<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-08Analysis of sequence characteristics and expression properties of blister-5 in Haemonchus contortus AI Introduction
Abstract：The study was to identify the expression properties of the Kunitz-type protein BLI-5 in Haemonchus contortus. Firstly， analysis of its gene structure， conserved domain， evolutionary relationships and protein three-dimensional structure using bioinformatics software were conducted； Secondly， the relative transcript abundance of Hc-bli-5 and Hc-bli-4 was analyzed based on WormBase database at each developmental stage of H. contortus； Subsequently， a prokaryotic expression vector to obtain recombinant protein and prepared polyclonal antibodies were constructed， while tissue distribution of the protein candidates in the worm was analyzed by the immunolocalization assay. The results revealed that： 1）The Hc-bli-5 gene has a total of 2 088 bp， and consisted of 4 exons and 3 introns.Hc-BLI-5 has a total of 195 amino acids， with 132-192 aa forming a Kunitz-type super family domain， which is a serine proteinase inhibitor. 2） Phylogenetic tree showed that BLI-5 has a close evolutionary relationship in both parasitic and free-living nematodes， and the evolutionary relationship between H. contortus and Haemonchus placei is most closely aligned， clustering together on the same minor branch of the phylogenetic tree； 3） Comparative analysis of protein structures indicated that Hc-BLI-5 and Ce-BLI-5 shared certain similarities， especially in the Kunitz domain.4） Transcript abundance analysis at each developmental stage showed that the expression trend of Hc-bli-5 and Hc-bli-4 overlapped， suggesting that they may interact with each other and participate in common biological process. 5） Immunolocalization showed that BLI-5 was distinctly expressed at the cuticle and muscle tissue of worm. In summary， Hc-bli-5 may interact with Hc-bli-4 and participate in the molting process of H. contortus. This study clarified the sequence characteristics and expression properties of Hc-bli-5， providing a theoretical basis for exploring its involvement in the molting process and mechanism in H. contortus.Keywords：Haemonchus contortus;molting;Hc-bli-5;sequence characteristics;expression property28|22|0<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-08Effect of combined supplementation with sodium humate and acidifier on blood indicators of yellow-feathered broilers AI Introduction
Abstract：In order to investigate the effects of dietary combined supplementation with sodium humate and acidifier on plasma biochemical indexes， antioxidant capacity， immune function and free amino acids of yellow-feathered broilers. In this study， a total of 540 yellow-feathered broilers aged 42 days were selected and randomly divided into three groups according to body weight with six replicates and 30 replicates each. The control group was fed the basal diet without antibiotics， and the test group was fed the test diets supplemented with 0.5% and 1% compound acidulants， respectively. The test was 21 d， and at the end of the test， two chickens per replicate were selected for blood collection and blood biochemical indices， antioxidant capacity， immune function and free amino acid content were determined. The results showed that： 1） Compared with the control group， the plasma levels of total protein （TP） and glucose （GLU） in yellow-feathered broilers in the 0.5% group were highly significantly increased （P＜0.01）， while the levels of alanine aminotransferase （ALT） activity and urea （UREA） were significantly decreased （P＜0.05）； in the 1% group the plasma levels of total protein （TP） and glucose （GLU） in yellow-feathered broilers were highly significantly increased （P＜0.01）. Compared with the control and 1% groups， the plasma content of high-density lipoprotein （HDL） in broilers in the 0.5% group was highly significantly decreased （P＜0.01）. 2） Compared with the control group， the total antioxidant capacity （T-AOC） of broiler plasma in the 0.5% group was significantly increased （P＜0.05）. Compared with the control and 1% groups， malondialdehyde （MDA） content of broiler plasma was highly significantly reduced in the 0.5% group （P＜0.01）. 3） Compared with the control group， the content of interleukin-22 （IL-22） and immunoglobulin A （IgA） in the plasma of broilers in the 0.5% group was significantly increased （P＜0.05）； the content of broiler plasma and immunoglobulin M （IgM） in the 0.5% and 1% groups were highly significantly increased （P＜0.01）. 4） Compared with the control group， the content of lysine （Lys）， valine （Val）， aspartic acid （Asp）， serine （Ser） and essential amino acids （EAA） in the plasma of broilers in the 0.5% and 1% groups was highly significantly increased （P＜0.01）. Compared with the 1% group， the content of histidine （His） in the plasma of broilers in the control and 0.5% groups was significantly increased （P＜0.05）； moreover， the concentrations of Lys， Asp， Ser and EAA in the plasma of broilers in the 0.5% group were highly significant （P＜0.01）. Compared with the control and 1% groups， the content of leucine （Leu）， methionine （Met）， alanine （Ala） and proline （Pro） in the plasma of broilers in the 0.5% group was significantly increased （P＜0.05）， and the content of isoleucine （Ile）， threonine （Thr）， non-essential amino acids （NEAA）， and total amino acids （TAA） were highly significantly increased （P＜0.01）. In summary， dietary supplementation with certain percentage of sodium humate and acidifier can effectively improve the yellow-feathered broiler's metabolic level in the organism， improve plasma free amino acid level， and enhance the organism's antioxidant ability and immune function， and the effect of adding 0.5% is better than 1%.Keywords：broiler;sodium humate;acidifiers;antioxidant;immunity;amino acid42|32|0<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-08- Abstract：In order to further improve the growth performance and breeding efficiency of Tianmu multiparous sheep， 18 534 pre-weaning weight data of Tianmu multiparous sheep from 2013 to 2022 were collected. The non-genetic factors affecting the lamb body weight traits of Tianmu multiparous sheep was analyzed. The genetic parameters and breeding values were estimated and their genetic trends and phenotypic trends was analyzed. The results showed that： 1） Sex， birth year and birth season had extremely significant effect on the lamb body weight traits of Tianmu multiparous sheep （P<0.01）. Brith type had significant effects on the pre-weaning Kleber ratio， and had extremely significant effects on other traits. 2） Birth weight was a trait with medium heritability， with a direct heritability of 0.18±0.03， and a materal heritability of 0.13±0.02. Weaning weight （WWT）， average daily gain before weaning （ADG）and pre-weaning Kleber ratio （KR） were low heritability traits， which the direct heritabilities were 0.06±0.02， 0.06±0.02 and 0.02±0.01， the maternal heritabilities were 0.07±0.01， 0.07±0.01and 0.09±0.01， respectively. 3） Except for the negative genetic correlation and phenotypic correlation between BWT and KR， the other traits were positive genetic correlation and phenotypic correlation. 4） The average breeding value of BWT showed a downward trend as a whole， and the average phenotypic value showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing. The average breeding value and average phenotypic value of WWT decreased first and then increased. The average breeding value of ADG and the KR decreased first， then increased， then decreased and finally increased， and the average phenotypic value decreased first and then increased. 5） The genetic gains of BWT， WWT， ADG and KR were -0.013 kg/a， -0.005 kg/a， -0.001 g/day/a and 0.005， respectively. The phenotypic gains were 0.066 kg/a， 0.218 kg/a， 3.388 g/（d·a） and 0.092， respectively. In summary， this study can optimize and adjust the current breeding program of Tianmu multiparous sheep， further stabilize its excellent genetic performance， improve breeding efficiency， save feeding costs， and provide a theoretical basis for the scientific early breeding， improvement of growth performance and population genetic stability of Tianmu multiparous sheep.Keywords：Tianmu multiparous sheep;lamb body weight traits;genetic parameters;breeding value;genetic trends23|18|2<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-08
The role of MLKL in mediating skin wound healing in Mice AI Introduction
Abstract：To explore the regulatory effect of MLKL on the interaction between myofibroblasts and macrophages and its effect on skin wound healing in mice， this study constructed back trauma models of wild-type C57BL/6J mice and MLKL knockout （MLKL-/-） mice to analyze skin wound healing. Myofibroblasts and bone marrow-derived macrophages of Wild-type C57BL/6J mice and MLKL-/-mice were cultured in vitro. M1 and M2 macrophages of wild-type C57BL/6J mice were treated with mouse ear skin myofibroblast conditioned medium （MFbCM）， and the secretion of IL-6 ，TNF-α and NO in M1 macrophages were detected. The expression of Arginase and chitinase 3-like molecule （Ym1） in M2 macrophages was detected. The results showed that： 1） Compared with wild-type C57BL/6J mice， MLKL-/-mice had slower wound contraction. On the 5th，7th and 10th day after injury， the wound contraction rate of wild-type C57BL/ 6J mice was significantly higher than that of MLKL-/-mice（P<0.001）. 2） MLKL deficiency significantly reduced the expression of Ym1 and Arginase on the wound surface， which were more significant on the 5th， 7th and 10th day after injury（P<0.001）. In addition， the deletion of MLKL affected the ability of MFbCM to up-regulate the expression of Ym1 and Arginase in M2 macrophages，suggesting that MLKL may be involved in the regulation of MFbCM-induced M2 macrophage secretion. 3） MFbCM can promote the expression of IL-6， TNF-α and NO in M1 macrophages， which was dependent on the presence of MLKL. It was suggested that MLKL may be involved in the regulation of MFbCM-induced M1 macrophage secretion.In summary， this study identified that MLKL is involved in the interaction between macrophages and myofibroblasts， which is essential at every stage of wound healing. Therefore， this study will help to better understand the role of MLKL in wound healing and provide new therapeutic strategies for wound healing.Keywords：MLKL;wound repair;macrophage;myofibroblast23|16|0<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-08Theoretical analysis, empirical measurement and realization path of orderly reduction of veterinary antibiotics AI Introduction
Abstract：In order to further clarify the reduction path of veterinary antimicrobials and promote the green and low-carbon transformation and high-quality development of animal husbandry， based on the survey data of 702 pig breeding enterprises in Shandong Province， a damage control model was constructed to measure the optimal usage of veterinary antibiotics. Futhermore， the types and structure of veterinary antibiotics used in the current pig breeding process were analyzed， and an orderly reduction path of veterinary antimicrobials was proposed. The results showed that： 1） The reduction of antimicrobial drugs for veterinary use is in line with the fundamental demand of maximizing the profit of pig breeding subjects， which is an important connotation of the high-quality development of pig industry and an important embodiment of national ecological civilization construction. Due to the varying degrees of harm caused by pig diseases， the fuctional differences of veternatives for veterinary antibiotics， it is necessary to carry out orderly reduction of veterinary antibiotics. 2） At present， the marginal productivity of the input of veterinary antimicrobials in the surveyed enterprises is close to 0， with an optimal usage rate of 9.53 yuan/head and the excessive usage rate of 7.21 yuan/head. The use of tetracycline， β-lactam， aminoglycoside and sulfonamides for veterinary antimicrobials is relatively high， and the use of growth-promoting veterinary antimicrobials and broad-spectrum antimicrobials is more common. 3） Orderly reduction of veterinary antimicrobials should prioritiza the reduction of overuse of health care drugs with poor efficacy and mild diseases. Priority should be given to reducing the use of growth promoting veterinary antibiotics， and the use of veterinary antibiotics that can be replaced by traditional Chinese medicine should be prioritized. Therefore， efforts should be made to improve the ability of stakeholders to reduce veterinary drugs， accelerate the transformation and upgrading of the industrial chain， and increase the supervision and monitoring of the risk points of veterinary drug use. The paper aims to provide theoretical reference and policy reference for promoting the reduction of veterinary antimicrobials.Keywords：pig breeding;veterinary antimicrobial drugs;damage control model;orderly reduction25|17|0<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-08Bibliometric analysis of research progress on saline alkali land based on CNKI and WOS databases AI Introduction
Abstract：In order to comprehensively understant the current research progress in the field of saline alkali land at home and abroad， the literature related to saline alkali land published from 2012 to 2021 was searched based on the CNKI database and the Web of Science （WOS） full-text database in this study. The literature obtained are analyzed from six aspects such as country， annual number of publications， publishing journals， highly cited papers， funding sources， and research institutions. The results show that： The number of documents related to saline-alkali land research at home and abroad showed an increasing trend， and the number of articles in Chinese was higher than that in English. There were overlapping in research directions and disciplines at home and abroad， but there were also some differences. The research papers were published in Chinese journals such as Journal of Agricultural Engineering and Agricultural Research in Arid Regions， and in English journals such as Science of The Total Environment and Environmental Earth Sciences. China was far ahead of other countries in terms of the number of articles published， the number of institutions that publish articles， and the number of projects funded by foundations. However， China lagged slightly behind other countries in terms of the number of citations and the international influence of articles. Domestic research hotspots focused on the improvement of saline soils and the development of environmental materials， while more international attention was paid to saline land management， plant growth effects， species diversity and secondary salinization. Therefore， the development of adaptable saline soil improvement technologies （research and development of environmentally friendly saline materials） and the exploration of strategies for the sustainable development of saline-alkaline agriculture should be pursued in order to address the challenges of saline-alkaline land management.Keywords：soil improvement;saline alkali land;secondary salinization;salinity;bibliometric analysis36|18|0<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-08- Abstract：In order to understand the current research status， hotspots and future development trend of earthworms at home and abroad， this study retrieved and summarized the related literature published from 2012 to 2022 by using ‘earthworms’ as keyword based on Web of Science and CNKI databases. CiteSpace software was used to mine and organize the information of the obtained literature to explore the evolution of the number of literature， the distribution of core research authors and research institutions. The frequency and centrality of important keywords are analyzed. On the basis of keyword clustering， the keyword emergence analysis was further performed， and the evolution and development characteristics of the field of research in the dimension of time was analyzed. The results show that： 1） From the general trend of earthworm research， the English literature in the research field contributes more. Internationally， the earthworm research has shown a rapid development trend， and the heat of research is increasing. The domestic research is relatively stable， from the perspective of cooperating institutions， the Chinese Academy of Sciences undertakes a large amount of research work， and the research results have a greater impact in the world. 2） The content of the existing earthworm research is more comprehensive， and the research framework and system are also gradually perfected. Chinese literature and English literature research direction and hotspot presents a different course， but are very focused on vermicomposting and ecotoxicology research. 3） The earthworm research hotspot continues to evolve， innovation and its hotspots in the early stage mainly centered on basic research on the effects of growth and quality on plants and animals， vermicomposting， and ecotoxicology. The future research hotspots in this field will shift to deeper community structure， gut microorganisms and other aspects of microscopic research.Keywords：earthworm;vermicomposting;bibliometrics;CiteSpace;frontier dynamics;research hotspot60|22|2<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-08
Impact of spatial-temporal changes in the cropland system on carbon budget of terrestrial ecosystems in China AI Introduction
Abstract：This study aims to reveal the impact of the spatial-temporal changes in the cropland system on the carbon budget of terrestrial ecosystems. The resources and utilization of cropland were integrated into the cropland system. InVEST model and greenhouse gas emission factor method are adopted to assess the impact of spatial-temporal changes of the cropland system on carbon storage and carbon emissions in China （The data do not include those of Hong Kong， Macao， and Taiwan regions. The same below） between 1980 and 2018 at the municipal scale. The results show that： 1） The spatiotemporal changes in the cropland system led to a decrease of 3×108 t in carbon storage and an increase in carbon emissions of 1×108 t， resulting in a total loss of 4×108 t in the carbon budget. 2） The reclamation of forest and wetlands for cropland was the main reason for the reduction of carbon storage， and the increase in the input of agricultural materials such as fertilizers and machinery was the main reason for the increase in carbon emissions. 3） The spatial-temporal changes in the cropland system in the impact of the carbon budget showed a significant difference. The carbon budget of cities in the southeast coast and northwest China increased， but the loss of the carbon budget in Northeast China was massive. Therefore， more attention should be paid to the carbon effect of changes in cropland systems from the perspective of a “human-nature” coupling system. In the future， it is not only necessary to carry out scientific and reasonable control of cropland encroachment on natural lands such as forests and wetlands to reduce the loss of carbon storage but also necessary to improve the utilization efficiency of agricultural materials such as fertilizers and pesticides in order to promote the transform of cropland utilization mode from traditional intensive utilization mode into sustainable intensive utilization mode.Keywords：cropland system;carbon budget;spatial-temporal changes;impact assessment29|23|5<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-08Spatio-temporal characteristics of heat island effect during new urbanization in mountainous areas AI Introduction
Abstract：In order to investigate the spatial and temporal evolution of heat island effect and thermal landscape index in the urbanization process of new development zones in mountainous areas， the land surface temperature of Yuelai New City in Chongqing from 2013 to 2020 was inverted by using Landsat satellite remote sensing images. The local and surrounding heat island effect was analyzed by landscape ecology method， and the relationship between heat island effect and evapotranspiration was discussed. The results showed that： 1） The spatial pattern of thermal environment in Yuelai New City changed significantly from 2013 to 2023， and the high temperature area was concentrated in the central Exhibition City， and the temperature difference between regions showed a decreasing trend. 2） In 2013， Yuelai New City and its surrounding areas had weak heat island effect， no obvious heat island effect and no extremely strong grade area. From 2013 to 2020， about 18.45% of the areas without heat island effect level turned into heat island level areas， the areas of extremely strong and extremely strong heat island effect increased by 7.67%. Its distribution showed a trend of developing from the middle to the south and north， among which the expansion area of Convention and Exhibition City was the largest. The center of gravity of heat island was very close to the center of gravity of urban construction land. Compared with the period 2013-2017， the stable area of heat island effect the period 2013-2020 decreased by 18.76%， and the slightly enhanced area increased by 13.63%. 3） The grade of Yuelai urban heat island effect was mainly 4， and the number of heat island effect patches in grade 4 was the largest， the patches were relatively dispersed， the shapes were more diverse and complex， and the mixed distribution index was the largest. The number of heat island effect plaques in grade 5 and 6 was relatively small and concentrated. 4） The evapotranspiration decreased， mainly significantly decreased； The difference of evapotranspiration between regions with no urban heat island effect and strong heat island effect was obvious. When evapotranspiration decreased significantly， the urban heat island effect increased slightly. 5） Among several important internal and external factors affecting the heat island effect， the correlation level from high to low was as follows： residential building area＞population density＞building height＞atmosphere. In conclusion， the application of landscape ecology method to analyze urban thermal environment and its relationship with evapotranspiration could provide the basis for effectively alleviating urban heat island effect.Keywords：heat island effect;temperature inversion;spatial-temporal evolution;landscape index;Yuelai New City24|22|2<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-08Development of replaceable phase change heat storage and release system and its influence on the thermal environment of solar greenhouse AI Introduction
Abstract：In view of the indoor low temperature of solar greenhouse at night in winter in northern China， and the problem that it is difficult to replace the phase change materials in the phase change system if the material phase change temperature does not match the actual production needs of the greenhouse in most phase change systems， an alternative phase change heat storage system is developed， and two types of phase change materials suitable for the night heating of solar greenhouse in winter in northern China are identified. The physical properties of phase change materials are measured by differential scanning calorimetry （DSC）. A controlled experiment was conducted to study the effect of an alternative phase change heat storage system on the night heating of a solar greenhouse in Beijing in winter and on the growth of tomato. The results showed as follows： 1） The melting point and freezing point of butyl stearate were 15.77 and 18.38 ℃， and the melting point and freezing point of pentadecane were 8.47 and 8.72 ℃， respectively. The latent heat temperatures of transformation during melting and solidification of butyl stearate were 111.6 and 111.5 J/g， respectively， and temperatures during melting and solidification of pentadecane are 135.8 and 138.7 J/g， respectively. 2） Compared with the control greenhouse， the minimum night temperature and maximum night average temperature of the test greenhouse are increased by 1.7 and 1.9 ℃， respectively； 3） The minimum soil temperatures at 10 and 15 cm below the surface of the test greenhouse at night was 0.8 and 0.3 °C higher than that of the control greenhouse on average； The average soil temperatures was 0.7 and 0.3 ℃ higher， respectively. 4） On the cloudy and snowy days， when the solar radiation could not be received and the indoor temperature was at the lowest， the temperature of the test greenhouse was the maximum 0.8 ℃ higher than that of the control greenhouse， and the average 0.5 ℃ higher； 5） In addition， compared with those in the control greenhouse the plant height， stem diameter and leaf area of tomatoes in the test greenhouse were increased by 1.9%， 1.5% and 3.9%， respectively. The phase change system can effectively increase the night temperature of the test greenhouse in winter， and the thermal environment of the test greenhouse is more conducive to the growth of tomato plants.Keywords：solar greenhouse;phase change materials;temperature;tomato21|20|0<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-08Research progress of the spatial heterogeneity and temporal stability of throughfall based on bibliometric analysis AI Introduction
Abstract：The spatial variability and temporal stability of throughfall are essential ecohydrological phenomena shaping water and nutrient dynamics in vegetation ecosystems. Due to the lack of systematic summary of research progress in this field， a total of 517 papers published from 2000 to 2022 in the Web of Science database were obtained by taking ‘throughfall’， ‘spatial heterogeneity’， ‘temporal stability’，etc. as keywords. This study conducted the bibliometric analysis using CiteSpace and R software Bibliometrix package from the perspectives of literature amount，research hotspot and progress，and key countries，institutes，researchers and their collaborations on this field. The results indicate that： 1） The global average annual growth rate of academic papers was 5.0%. Mainly concentrated in the United States，China and Germany， which occupied 51.3% of the total. The key contributors were the Chinese Academy of Sciences （6.8%） and researcher Levia DF （3.7%），and the main journal published was Journal of Hydrology （12.8% of total papers）. Most studies were conducted in humid （66.7%） and warm temperate （49.7%） zones. 2） From 2000 to 2009，the research focused on the plot scale，which emphasized the impact of throughfall on soil water and nutrient replenishment. From 2010 to 2013，attention shifted to surface hydrology and the intricate processes involved in transporting canopy sediment. From 2014 to 2022，studies addressed the holistic hydrological pathway connecting the canopy，surface and soil by incorporating observations of canopy interception，soil evaporation，and soil moisture dynamics and with explicit emphasis on the precise characterization of temporal stability. 3） China ranked the second globally in terms of the number of papers published （83，16.1% of the total） with a notable annual growth rate of 49.7% since 2011. Despite high publication volume，the average citations per paper remained modest at 16.9 from 2000 to 2022. In terms of citation impact， China hold the 16th position globally. In summary，significant progress has been made in throughfall dynamics research since 2000，particularly in China. However， its research influence urgently needs to be improved. Future investigations should explore the pivotal role of throughfall in water， nutrient and pollutant transport within the intricate ‘atmosphere-vegetation-soil continuum’ of terrestrial hydrological processes. International collaboration is imperative for a profound understanding the intricate processes， patterns and influencing mechanisms of forest ecohydrology.Keywords：throughfall;spatiotemporal pattern;CiteSpace;Bibliometrix;visual analysis80|24|1<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-08
