Issue Ebookcover storyIssue CoverIssue Contents
List of IssuesDocument Types
Research on the policy system of cultivated land protection under the background of rehabilitation system AI Introduction
Abstract：This study was aimed to realize the optimization of farmland protection policies under the background of rehabilitation system and improve the effectiveness and pertinence during policy design. Based on relevant statistical data and policy documents of the Chinese central government， the State Council， various ministries and commissions， and local governments， this study collected and summarized on cropland protection and rehabilitation systems. In addition， the strategic needs of cropland protection and rehabilitation were analyzed in future by comprehensively using the literature research method and induction method， and an overall framework of cropland protection policies from the perspectives of strategic background， objective principles， policy needs， path direction， and policy composition was generated. The following results were obtained： 1） The objectives of cropland protection policy are designed for reliable food security and sustainable resource development with the principles to consolidate the foundation of food security， support high-quality development， realize ecological environment protection， and promote regional coordinated development. 2） In view of the problems of ‘quantity， quality， ecology， and rights and interests’existed in cropland protection， a cropland protection policy system supporting resource security can be built through the cropland protection paths of ‘resilience-space use， quality improvement， risk control， and vertical and horizontal compensation’. 3） In the future， the rehabilitation and cropland protection systems will continue to be implemented in parallel. Under the background of rehabilitation systems， it is crucial to optimize and adjust the cropland quantity protection policies based on resilience-space use， coordinate cropland conservation and quality construction policies through quality improvement， construct cropland ecological risk management policies through risk management， formulate cropland protection compensation policies through vertical and horizontal integration， and improve supervision and assessment policies through the synergy of rehabilitation and cropland protection systems. The existing cropland protection policies should be further optimized， and the land management level of related departments should be further improved. Therefore， the construction of an overall framework of cropland protection transformation policies under the background of rehabilitation system and the systematic design of cropland protection policies in China can provide scientific basis and effective support for the adjustment and optimization of cropland protection policies.Keywords：land policy;cultivated land protection;rehabilitation;policy design;adjustment and optimization237|32|7<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-08Suitability evaluation of different silage maize varieties in saline-alkali land of the Yellow River Delta AI Introduction
Abstract：To select suitable silage maize varieties in the saline-alkali land of Yellow River Delta， the yield， agronomic traits and nutrition contents of 10 maize varieties for both grain and forage/special silage were analyzed， and a comprehensive evaluation was conducted by the principal component analysis. The results showed that： 1） There were no significant differences in fresh yield of the 10 maize varieties， but there were significant differences in dry yield （10.2-20.1 t/hm2） ， and ‘Laiyu 721’ was the highest， following with ‘Dajingjiu 4059’ ‘Denghai 605’ ‘Lilong 915’ ‘Denghai 652’ ‘Zhengdan 958’ ‘Ludan 211’ ‘Zhonghang 611’ ‘Yuqingzhu 23’ and ‘Ludan 256’； and ear yield （3.7-12.2 t/hm2）showed a similar parttern. 2） There were significant differences in agronomic traits among the varieties， and the plant height of ‘Dajingjiu 4059’ （246.4 cm） was highest， and that of ‘Denghai 605’ （185.6 cm） was the lowest. The leaf greenness of ‘Yuqingzhu 23’ （97.2%） was the highest， and that of ‘Zhonghang 611’ （87.1%） was the lowest. The leaf length and width of ‘Zhengdan 958’ （69.1 cm， 9 cm） were the highest， and those of ‘Ludan 211’ （49.8cm， 5.3 cm） were the lowest. 3） There were significant differences in nutrition contents among all varieties， and the starch content ranged from 25 to 36 g/100 g， the crude protein content ranged from of 7.01 to 8.95 g/100 g， the neutral detergent fiber （NDF） content ranged from 32 to 47 g/100 g， and the acid detergent fiber （ADF） content ranged from 16 to 23 g/100 g. Except ‘Yuqingzhu 23’， other maize varieties reached the first-grade standard of silage maize. 4） Four principal components were extracted by principal component analysis， the cumulative contribution rate was 88.99%， and the composite scores of 6 maize varieties such was positive， while the other 4 maize varieties were negative. In summary， ‘Lilong 915’ ‘Denghai 652’ ‘Yuqingzhu 23’ ‘Laiyu 721’ ‘Zhengdan 958’ and 'Dajingjiu 4059’ are suitable for planting in the saline-alkali land of the Yellow River Delta.Keywords：saline-alkali land;silage maize;yield;nutritional quality;starch;crude protein103|25|1<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-08Stability and adaptability assessment for the selection of elite maize cultivars based on AMMI model and GGE‑biplot AI Introduction
Abstract：In order to effectively identify and evaluate the high yield， stability and adaptability of maize hybrids growing in the Huanghuaihai Plain in China， and to select superior maize hybrids suitable for widespread cultivation in this region， the stability parameters of AMMI model and non-parametric methods were used to evaluate the yield stability of 15 evaluated cultivars in 12 locations across 6 provinces of a regional trial of summer maize in the Huanghuaihai Plain. Meanwhile， the adaptability of the evaluated hybrids was analyzed by using the GGE biplot. The results of combined analysis of variance （ANOVA） and additive main effect and multiplicative interaction （AMMI） analysis showed that environments （E）， genotypes （G）， GE interaction， accounted for 85.02%， 4.25% and 10.74% of the total variation， respectively. The GE interaction effect was divided into five interaction principal component axes （IPCAs）， among them the first five IPCAs were highly significant， and a total of 85.41% of the GE interaction effects were explained. Based on Spearman correlation analysis， there were significant interrelationships within each of the non-parametric and parametric statistical statistics. Significant negative correlations were discovered between the whole plant dry yield and the non-parametric statistical statistics S（6）， Z1， Z2， NP（2）， NP（3）， NP（4） and KR， while significant positive correlations were found with S（1） and S（2）. The results of AMMI biplot analysis showed that the whole plant dry weight of the evaluated hybrids ranged from 18 000 kg/hm2 to 22 000 kg/hm2. ‘Yudan 805’ ‘Zhengda 511’ ‘Qingxiu 001’ and ‘Wannongkeqingzhu 8’ were more productive and ‘Jincheng 6’ was the least productive. ‘Zhengda 511’ ‘Yayu 7758’ ‘KNX 22002’ and ‘Qingxiu 001’ showed more stability than the other hybrids. Dezhou of Shandong Province had better discriminating power than other sites， while sites such as Tai’an and Puyang had poor discriminating power. The GGE biplot analysis showed that ‘Zhengda 511’ was a good cultivar in terms of high-yielding and stability and the ideal hybrid for this study， followed by ‘Qingxiu 001’ and ‘Yudan 805’. ‘Ankeqing 2’ was the furthest from the center of the circle and the least desirable cultivar in this study. In conclusion， the use of the AMMI model stability analysis and GGE biplot can provide a basis for the demonstration and promotion of maize hybrids in Huanghuaihai Plain.Keywords：AMMI model;GGE biplot;stability statistics;genotype × environment interaction;adaptability55|24|6<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-08Allelopathic effects of foxtail millet straw extracts and field mulching on four kinds of weeds AI Introduction
Abstract：In order to explore the allelopathic effects of foxtail millet straw extracts and field mulching on Amaranthus retroflexus L.， Chenopodium album L.， Setaria viridis （L.） Beauv， and Echinochloa crus-galli （L.） Beauv in foxtail millet field， five treatments of foxtail millet straw extract （W0， undiluted，100 g/L； W1， 10 × dilution； W2， 50 × dilution； W3， 100 × dilution； CK1， distilled water control） were set up in the petri dish experiment. The effects on seed germination rate， root length， bud length， germination rate allelopathic index， root length allelopathic index， bud length allelopathic index and comprehensive allelopathic index of four weeds were determined. In the field experiment， the straw （F） and plastic film （PF） mulching treatments with the same shading amount were set up. The foxtail millet straw mulching amount were 2 000 （F1）， 4 000 （F2）， 8 000 kg/hm2 （F3）， and the shading amount were 50% （PF1）， 70% （PF2）， 100% （PF3）， with no straw mulching as the control （CK2） to determine the plant number， density， coverage and weed control effect of four kinds of weeds in the field. The results showed that： Compared with CK1， the water extract of foxtail millet straw had significant allelopathic effects on the germination rate， root length and bud length of four kinds of weed seeds， and there were significant differences among different concentrations of aqueous extract. The germination rate， root length and bud length of four weed seeds were all inhibited under W0 treatment. The inhibition effect on the germination of four kinds of weed seeds from strong to weak was as follows： C. album （-0.86）>S. viridis （-0.84）>E. crus-galli （-0.51）>A. retroflexus （-0.44）. The allelopathic inhibition effect on the root length of A. retroflexus （-1.00） and the bud length of E. crus-galli （-0.84） was stronger. W1 and W2 dilution treatments showed allelopathic promotion effects on the seed germination of four weeds， the allelopathic indexes from high to low was as follows： S. viridis （0.19）>A. retroflexus （0.16）>E. crus-galli （0.05）>C. album （0.02）. W3 treatment showed a weak allelopathic effect on the seed germination of S. viridis， E. crus-galli and A. retroflexus. In the field experiment， the density and total coverage of four weeds decreased gradually with the increase of straw mulching. F3 treatment still had significant allelopathic inhibition on the density of C. album， S. viridis and E. crus-galli after 5 d of the third moderate rain， and the density three weeds respectively decreased by 61.66%， 63.67% and 86.68% compared with CK2. The total coverage of weeds after 5 d of three moderate rains reached the lowest in F3 treatment， and the total coverage of weeds respectively decreased by 24.23%， 33.73% and 13.56% compared with CK2. After 5 d of the first moderate rain， the control effects of F1 and F2 treatments were higher than that of PF1 and PF2 treatments significantly. The concentration of soil allelochemicals increased after the straw was leached by rainwater， and the allelopathic inhibition effect was enhanced， which increased by 5.23% and 19.09%， respectively. The fresh weight control effect of F3 treatment reached the maximum value of 52.45% after 5 d of the first moderate rain， and the plant control effect reached the maximum value of 68.75% after 5 d of the second moderate rain. With the extension of straw mulching time and the increase of rainfall times， the allelopathic inhibition of straw on weed coverage and density gradually weakened. In summary， the inhibitory effect of foxtail millet straw extract （100 g/L） treatment on seed germination， root length and bud length of four weeds was the most significant， and the foxtail millet straw mulching amount of 8 000 kg / hm2 （F3） can replace plastic film mulching for weed control in millet field.Keywords：foxtail millet straw;straw mulching;water extract;weed control effect;allelopathy53|18|1<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-08Physiological and biochemical responses and transcriptome analysis of sweet potato under soft rot fungus stress AI Introduction
Abstract：In order to clarify the physiological mechanism of soft rot disease and improve the quality of sweet potato during storage， the physiological and biochemical responses and transcriptomics of “Xinxiang”， the major fresh eating variety of sweet potato in Zhejiang， were analyzed before and after disease infection. The results showed that： 1） After infection with soft rot disease， the activities of antioxidant enzymes and cell wall-degrading enzymes in sweet potato significantly increased， and the ultrastructure analysis showed severe damage to the cell structure. 2） During the process of sweet potato soft rot disease infection， 12 205 genes showed significant changes， among which， 7 505 displayed upregulated expression and 4 700 displayed downregulated expression； In the GO category， different expression genes were enriched in organelles， membranes and other cellular components， metabolic processes， biological activities， response to corresponding stimuli and catalytic activities in molecular functions. KEGG annotation analysis revealed that DEGs were significantly enriched in phenylpropane metabolism， carbon metabolism， starch and sucrose metabolism， amino acid biosynthesis， citric acid cycle， hormone signaling transduction and biosynthesis of secondary metabolites. This study provided a theoretical reference for further research on the gene function related to sweet potato disease resistance and the elucidation of disease resistance mechanisms.Keywords：sweet potato;soft rot;ultrastructure;transcriptome54|24|2<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-08Genetic variation analysis of hybrids F1 representative traits between Phalaenopsis Jiuhbao Red Rose and Renanthera imschootiana AI Introduction
Abstract：In order to explore the genetic variation of population phenotypic traits and the diversity of flower and color phenotypes， 117 individual plants of hybrid F1 between Phalaenopsis Jiuhbao Red Rose and Renanthera imschootiana Rolfe were used as experimental materials. Trait discrete character description， Pearson correlation analysis and class average cluster analysis were used. Thirty-five phenotypic traits and diversity of flower and color phenotypes were analyzed. The results showed that： 1） The variation of 35 phenotypic quantitative traits ranged from 7.6% to 239.1%， with a large degree of variation. The trait values were distributed between the traits of both parents with an obvious unimodal distribution， and the overall trend of continuous normal distribution was good. The ratio of mesophilic dominance ranged from -94.54% to 1 336.98%. Among them， 15 traits such as leaf length showed positive mesophilic dominance， while 20 traits of plant height showed negative parental dominance. 2） There were 281 pairs of highly significant correlations （P<0.01） and 74 pairs of significant correlations （P<0.05） among the 35 traits. By systematic clustering， the 117 individual plants were divided into three groups， e.g.Ⅰ， Ⅱ and Ⅲ， at the genetic distance of 16.10， and the clustering results reflected the character characteristics of each group. 3） Combining RHSCC and CIELab parameters， the colors of F1 generation were divided into six color groups， which were light purple， fuchsia， orange red， orange， orange yellow and yellow. The parameters of each color group had a good correspondence with the lightness （L*）， redness （a*） and yellow （b*） of the CIELab surface color space. In summary， this study laid the foundation for further research on quantitative trait loci mapping of important ornamental traits， and provided a reference for the selection of hybrid parents and the breeding of new varieties of Orchidaceae.Keywords：Phalaenopsis spp.;Renanthera;intergeneric hybridization;trait analysis29|17|0<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-08- Abstract：In order to obtain progeny with excellent traits for subsequent breeding of new varieties and selection of high-quality parents， using iPBS and morphological double marker identification to investigate the genetic identification of the hybrid combination of Dendrobium Fancy Pink Stripe （male parent） and Den. parishii ‘Damrong Star’ 3lip （female parent）. The combination was genetically identified. The results showed that： The 36 progeny were identified true hybrids with iPBS markers. At the genetic distance of 0.71， the parents and 36 progeny could be divided into three groups， and the progeny were clustered with the male parents first and then aggregated with the female parent and the coefficients of genetic similarity between the parents and the progeny were male parent （0.686 1） > female parent （0.510 5）. Morphological identification showed significant differences in various traits between the two parents. The mean values of pseudobulb height， pseudobulb diameter， leaf length and leaf width in the hybrids generation were 25.48 cm， 1.14 cm， 14.17 cm and 3.45 cm， respectively. The size of plant and leaf type of the hybrid was mainly between the two parents； The mean values of transverse diameter and longitudinal diameter of the flower were 4.96 cm， and 5.75 cm respectively. The proportions of the two superior to their parents were 16.67% and 2.78%， respectively. And the majority of the hybrid plants had a smaller flower type than that of their parents. Among the floral traits， four traits （upper calyx width， lateral calyx length and lateral petal length） showed some supra-parental dominance， and two traits， labellum length and pedicel number， showed strong meso-parental dominance， while the rest of the traits showed different degrees of decline； The hybrid was dominated by the white-purple line of the parents in terms of the genetic inheritance of the floral colours， and showed gradient variations in the floral colours on the basis of the chromatograms of the two parents. In summary， iPBS molecular markers can effectively improve the efficiency of identifying Den. hybrids， and the morphological markers assists to efficiently select the hybrid individuals with excellent traits， and it can effectively shorten the breeding process of Den. crossbreeding by using these two types of marker.Keywords：Dendrobium;hybrids identification;phenotypic trait;iPBS marker;genetic performance33|19|4<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-08
Biological characterization of Salmonella enterica phage vB_SalP_QS and treatment of Salmonella enteric infection in mice AI Introduction
Abstract：In order to study the phage therapy methods for drug-resistant Salmonella， a virulent bacteriophage was isolated from sewage with Salmonella SE-21 as the host bacterium and named vB_SalP_QS. On the baisis of identifying the biological characteristics of vB_SalP_QS， vB_SalP_QSand vB_SalP_SE29 hybrid phage for the treatment of enteritis in mice caused by SE-21 was evaluated. The results showed that： 1） The phage belonged to the order of caudoviruses （Caudovirales） by electron microscopy. The potency of the phage was 8×108 PFU/mL. 2） Biological characterization showed that the phage vB_SalP_QS had an optimal multiplicity of infection （MOI） of 0.01， with an incubation period of about 40 min， and a lysis period of about 50 min. It had good activity at temperatures ranging from 4 ℃ to 60 ℃， and it was very stable within the range of pH 4-pH 10. vB_SalP_QS could lyse 17 strains of Salmonella by The plate spot test. The cracking rate was 44.7%. 3） The phage vB_SalP_QS was 42 293 bp in total length， had a GC content of 49%， contained a total of 72 open reading frames （ORFs）， and had no lysogeny， virulence factors， and integrase genes.4） In vivo therapeutic tests in mice showed that the minimum lethal dose of the host bacterium SE-21 was 5 × 108 CFU/ mL， and the survival rate of infected mice treated with vB_SalP_QS （100 μL 1 × 107 PFU/mL） and vB_SalP_SE29 （100 μL 1 × 107 PFU/mL） was 100%. The survival rate of mice in the vB_SalP_QS treatment group （200 μL 1 × 107 PFU/mL） was 80%. The survival rate of mice in the vB_SalP_SE29 treatment group （200 μL 1 × 107 PFU/mL） was 70%. All control mice died. 5） Pathological observations showed that mixed phage could effectively kill Salmonella SE-21 and also better protect the intestinal villi of mice， which could significantly improve the survival rate of mice infected with SE-21. In conclusion， phage vB_SalP_QS has good acid-base， thermal stability as well as safety， and the therapeutic effect of mixed phage combination therapy is higher than that of phage monotherapy. This study provides an important experimental basis for the treatment of Salmonella infections with phage preparations and lays the foundation for the clinical application of mixed phage therapy.Keywords：Salmonella;mixed phage;whole-genome sequencing;biological properties;therapeutic effect42|16|0<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-08Isolation, identification and antibacterial effect study of Klebsiella pneumoniae phage AI Introduction
Abstract：The study was to explore the phage as a new type of biological antibacterial agent to control Klebsiella pneumoniae， which cause dairy cow mastitis and contaminate dairy products and their processing， and the ability of biofilm clearance.This study utilized ATCC 700603 as the host bacteria isolated a strain of Klebsiella pneumoniae phage vB_KpnM-YP11 from a water sample of a cattle farm and the morphological characteristics of the phage were observed by transmission electron. The host spectrum of phage was determined by double-layer plate method. The biological characteristics of phages were assessed through an optimal multiplicity of infection， one-step growth curve， as well as temperature and pH stability tests. The structual characteristics and evolutionary relutionary of the genome were analyzed by whole genome sequencing. The inhibitory and scavenging effects of phage on biofilms were determined using crystal violet staining and plate counting methods. The antibacterial effect of the phage on Klebsiella pneumoniae in milk was analyzed. The results showed that： 1） The Klebsiella pneumoniae phage vB_KpnM-YP11 isolated from the water samples of cattle farms could form clear and translucent plaques.The typical structure of tailed phage was observed by TEM. 2） Determination of host spectrum showed that vB_KpnM-YP11 could lyse 18/34 clinical isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae from cattle. 3） The optimal multiplicity of infection （MOI） of this phage was 0.1. The one-step growth curve showed that the latent period was 30 min， and the average lysis amount was 69 PFU/cell. The phage was stable at 4-60 ℃ or pH 3-11. 4） The full-length genome of vB_KpnM-YP11 was 166 607 bp， and the GC content was 39.52%. The annotation results revealed that the phage contained 276 ORF and 15 tRNA， while lacking drug resistance and virulence genes. 5） When the MOI of vB_KpnM-YP11 was 0.1， it had the ability to inhibit the biofilm formation of Klebsiella pneumoniae. The mature biofilm were cleared by 108 PFU/mL and 109 PFU/mL. At room temperature， the bacterial concentration in milk decreased by 98% within 12 h.In conclusion， Phage vB_KpnM-YP11 with short incubation period and high lysis efficiency not only has a good lytic effect on Klebsiella pneumoniae in milk， but also can effectively remove the biofilm formed by Klebsiella pneumoniae. It has the potential to be used as a biological antibacterial agent for Klebsiella pneumoniae.Keywords：Klebsiella pneumoniae;phage;biological characteristics;genomic analysis;biofilm32|22|3<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-08Activity analysis and preliminary application of Listeria monocytogenes phage endolysin Lys039 AI Introduction
Abstract：To investigate the properties of Listeria monocytogenes phage endolysin and initial application in food matrix， the gene sequence of Listeria bacteriophage endolysin Lys039 was obtained from NCBI and subjected to bioinformatics analysis. The gene was then expressed and purified in E. coli， and its lytic activity， influence on biofilm， and application in milk matrix were investigated. The results showed that： 1） Lys039 was composed of 341 amino acids， with a molecular weight of 36.4 ku and isoelectric point of 9.81. Its structure exhibited amidase activity and lyses the cell walls of 22 strains of Listeria monocytogenes， 2 strains of Listeria innocua， 1 strain of Listeria ivanovii， and 1 strain of Listeria welshimeri in our laboratory. However， it exhibit no lytic activity on Staphylococci spp， Bacillus subtilis， and Salmonella spp. 2） The lytic activity of Lys039 increased gradually with concentration enrichment， the optimum temperature was 30 ℃ and the optimal pH value was 6.0. 3） Lys039 can effectively clear the biofilm formed by Listeria monocytogenes and reduce the number of Listeria monocytogenes in milk. In conclution， Lys039 has a wide range of temperature tolerance， acid and alkali resistance and wide lytic spectrum， which can significantly reduce biofilm and has good preliminary application. This study provides a theoretical basis for further prevention and rapid detection of Listeria monocytogenes.Keywords：endolysin;phage;Listeria monocytogenes;Lys03925|18|0<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-08Transcriptome analysis of chicken thymocytes stimulated by nonreplicating Toxoplasma uracil auxotrophs AI Introduction
Abstract：In order to investigate the immunomodulatory effects of nonreplicating Toxoplasma uracil auxotrophs （NRTUAs） on the thymus of chickens at the transcriptional level， this study employed RNA-seq technology to conduct transcriptome sequencing on thymus of chickens inoculated with NRTUAs for 3 days， which aimed to identify differentially expressed genes （DEGs）. Then， the identified DEGs were conducted by GO analysis， enrichment analysis of KEGG signaling pathways， and protein-protein interaction network analysis. The results showed that：1） 964 DEGs were screened， of which 517 genes were upregulated and 447 genes were downregulated. 2） Through GO functional annotation， it was found that differentially expressed genes were significantly enriched in immune response， defense response， response to external stimulus， response to stimulus， extracellular region， cell surface， and other categories. 3） KEGG signaling pathway enrichment analysis revealed that DEGs were mainly involved in pathways such as cytokine-cytokine receptor interactions， intestinal immune network for IgA production， cell adhesion molecules， Toll-like receptor signaling pathway. 4）Through protein-protein interaction network analysis， nine important key molecules were analyzed ， among which IL-6 and IL-18 molecules had the function of regulating cell differentiation and promoting interferon production. IRF1 and IRF7 can regulate the activation of macrophages and other cells as well as antigen presentation ability. SOCS1 can prevent excessive inflammatory response caused by overactive STAT1 signaling pathway. CCL4， CCR5 and CCL20 as chemokines， can induce infiltration of various immune cells in inflammatory areas. CD40 can enhance antigen presentation and regulate the immune function of the body. In conclusion， stimulation of the chicken thymus with NRTUAs at the transcriptional level resulted in a reduction in thymocyte proliferation activity， enhanced activation of T cells， and increased secretion of cytokines. The molecules IL-6， IL-18， IRF1， IRF7， SOCS1， CCL4， CCR5， CCL20 and CD40 played crucial roles in the regulation of NRTUAs in the chicken thymocyte cells. This study provids a theoretical foundation for further exploring the molecular mechanisms of NRTUAs regulating the innate immune response in poultry thymus.Keywords：nonreplicating Toxoplasma uracil auxotrophs;transcriptomics;chickens;thymus30|16|0<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-08- Abstract：The objective of this study was to investigate the microbial community composition of vermicompost and its bacteriostatic function. Firstly， Eisenia foetida was employed to standardize the composting of vermicompost， and the organic matter， total nitrogen， total phosphorus， and heavy metals content in the vermicompost were identified after decomposition. Secondly， the high-throughput sequencing technology was employed to identify the species of fungi and bacteria present in the vermicompost and to analyze the structural characteristics of the community and predict its function. Finally， the inhibitory effect of the microorganisms in the extract from vermicompost on Fusarium solani， a fungus that is prone to cause plant rot， was verified by using a plate standoff method and the sterilized extracted vermicompost extract was taken as control. The results showed that： The organic matter content of the vermicompost was 24.4% and the contents of total nitrogen， phosphorus， and potassium contents were 16.2%， 13.2% and 19.4%， respectively. The contents of heavy metals such as total Pb， Cr and As did not exceed the standards for organic fertilizer； The dominant phyla of the vermicompost bacterial community were Proteobacteria， Actinobacteria and Bacteroidetes. Among the fungal community， the dominant phyla were Ascomycota and Mortierellomycota. The results of functional prediction indicated that bacteria had six metabolic pathways and 63 functional groups. The highest percentage of gene information related to chemoenergetic heterotrophy， aerobic heterotrophy and fermentation. The results of fungal function prediction displayed that the dominant types were saprotrophic and pathotrophic， and mainly was undefined saprotrophic bacteria. This study also demonstrated that vermicompost extract could effectively inhibit the growth of F. solani mycelium. However， the inhibitory effect was significantly weakened after extract sterilization. These findings would provide a basis for exploring the diversity of microbial communities in vermicompost， antagonizing pathogenic bacteria and biologically controlling soil-borne diseases.Keywords：vermicompost;microbial diversity;organic fertilizer;functional prediction;vermicompost extract90|19|1<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-08
- Abstract：This study was designed to comprehensively evaluate the effects of pyrolysis temperatures and feedstock types on the biochar quality from 17 feedstocks under 600 ℃， 800 ℃ and 1 000 ℃， respectively. Based on the application potential of biochar in the remediation of heavy metal pollution， the principal component analysis was used to analyze the impact of pyrolysis temperature and feedstock type on the physicochemical properties of biochar. The core indicators of biochar were selected through correlation analysis. Subsequently， the grey relational grade （RI） was utilized to comprehensively evaluate the potential of these 51 biochars in remediating heavy metal pollution. The results showed that the feedstock types were more important on the physicochemical properties of biochar than that of the pyrolysis temperatures. The core indicators comprehensively expressing the biochar quality include biochar yield， specific surface area， H and C molar ratio， acid functional group and ash content. The results of gray relational degree （RI） comprehensive evaluation showed that the heavy metal remediation potential of biochar increased with the increase of pyrolysis temperature. The biochars from tall grass biomass pyrolyzed at 1 000 ℃ generally showed a good quality as suggested by the high RI of Bambusoideae （RI=0.697）， Miscanthus lutarioriparius （RI=0.676） and Panicum virgatum （RI=0.671）， respectively.Keywords：biomass;agricultural wastes;tall grass biomass;gray relational analysis;heavy metal remediation29|21|5<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-08
Design and experiment of density monitoring system for round baler based on rolling pressure AI Introduction
Abstract：In response to the current problems of the low degree of informatization of domestic round baler and lack of effective monitoring means for bale density， a set of bale density monitoring system for round baler was designed in this study. The real-time monitoring of bale density is realized by measuring the roll pressure during the bale forming process and establishing a function model between roll pressure and bale density. The monitoring system is mainly composed of controller， signal acquisition module， communication module， display module and power supply module， etc. It realizes the monitoring of several operational parameters of the round baler through the roll pressure acquisition device and side tension acquisition device. In this study， a test bed is set up to carry out the bale performance test of the bale density monitoring system. Bundle density is monitored by using roll pressure and side tension as bale formation indexes to compare the differences respectively. This study conducted tests on the compression law of wheat straw， established a function model between roll pressure and density in the bale forming process， and verified the function model based on several bale tests. The results show that： 1） The bale density monitoring system of round baler based on roll pressure can realize the collection and monitoring of operational parameters during the bale forming process of round baler. 2） The maximum deviation of bale density is 4.38% and the coefficient of variation is 3.12% when using roll pressure as the index of bale formation. The density monitoring method based on roll pressure can more accurately reflect the size of bale density compared with the side pulling force. 3） The relationship between roll pressure and density of wheat straw with 15% moisture content in the baling process is in accordance with the quadratic function model， the correlation coefficient is 0.983， and the maximum deviation between the calculated value and the measured value is 5.06%， which makes the compression model able to accurately reflect the relationship between roll pressure and density. In conclusion， the monitoring system constructed in this study can realize the real-time monitoring of the bale density. This study provides a reference for the bale density control of round baler.Keywords：round baler;roll pressure;bale density;monitoring system29|16|3<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-08Design and experiment of seed picking device for seed potato automatic slicing machine with chain disc moving knife AI Introduction
Abstract：In order to further improve the working quality of the seed picking device of the sprocket moving knife type automatic potato slicing machine， the working process of the seed picking device of the slicing machine was simulated and analyzed based on the EDEM-RecurDyn coupling method， and a quadratic rotation orthogonal combination experiment was designed. Taking seed filling inclination angle， sprocket speed and species height as influencing factors， seed qualification index and seed loss index as response values， the influence law of each factor on response value was determined by pre-test and single-factor test. Based on the previous simulation test results， the optimal working parameter combination of the seed selection device was obtained， and the reliability of the optimal parameters was verified by bench test. The results showed that： when When the mass of seed potato was within140 to 210 g， the primary and secondary factors affecting the qualified index of seed selection were sprocket speed， species height and seed filling inclination angle， and the primary and secondary factors affecting seed loss index were species height， seed filling inclination angle and sprocket speed. Based on the regression model， the optimal working parameters of the seed collecting device were obtained as follows： Seed filling angle 29.59°， species height 352.77 mm， sprocket speed 44.25 r/min. The bench test with the optimal parameters showed that the qualified index of seed selection was 94.31%， and the loss index of seed selection was 4.85%， which is close to the prediction result of simulation test.Keywords：potato;seed picking device;DEM-MBD coupling;simulation optimization38|22|1<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-08- Abstract：The aims of this study were to grasp the real feelings and needs of C-end consumers of prepared dishes and explore the practical path for the effective docking of prepared dishes to the market. Based on 810 survey data， the characteristics of the purchasing behavior of C-end consumers of prepared dishes were systemically summarized， and a model of the influencing factors of the C-end consumers' willingness to purchase prepared dishes based on the theory of consumer value was constructed. The results show that： 1） The C-end market of prepared dishes has great potential for development， and the main consumers are women， working consumers， and mainly middle-aged and young people， highly educated people， and busy groups； 2） The C-end consumers' motivation for purchasing prepared dishes， category preference， purchasing channels， consumption scenarios， and product information preference show significant differences； 3） Perceived quality value， perceived emotional value， and perceived convenience value have a significant positive effect on the willingness to buy prepared dishes， while perceived social value has a significant positive effect. Among which， the perceived convenience value has a significant positive effect on the willingness to buy prepared dishes， the perceived social value has a significant positive effect. positively， and the perceived social value negatively affects the purchase intention of C-end consumers. Finally， this study puts forward marketing suggestions such as broadening product lines and implementing differentiated product promotion strategies for prepared dish enterprises.Keywords：prepared dish;C-end consumers;structural equation model;characteristics of prepared food purchasing behavior;consumer value theory;purchase intention of prepared dishes32|21|0<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-08
Research and suggestions on the laws and regulations of alien invasive species management in China AI Introduction
Abstract：In order to promote the improvement of China’s laws and regulations on the management of alien invasive species， and fundamentally safeguard China’s biosafety and ecological system from being damaged， this study systematically combs China’s laws（do not include Hong Kong， Macao， and Taiwan regions） and regulations on the management of alien invasive species from three levels as follows： laws， administrative regulations and departmental rules， local regulations and local working documents. This research analyzes and summarizes the existing problems and shortcomings of the current legal and regulatory system. The result show that the current legal and regulatory system related to the management of invasive species in China has been preliminarily established， but there are still three main problems： the legal rank of specialized law is not high， the legal responsibility mechanism is lacking， and the monitoring and law enforcement ability needs to be strengthened. In view of the above problems， combined with the actual situation of our society， suggestions for the improvement of China’s laws and regulations on the management of alien invasive species are put forward from three aspects， improving the system of laws and regulations from top to bottom， improving the legal responsibility mechanism and strengthening the monitoring and law enforcement capacity.Keywords：exoinvasive species;legal responsibility;monitoring;laws and regulations21|18|1<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-08Farmland transfer and farmers’ common prosperity: Theoretical mechanism and empirical evidence AI Introduction
Abstract：In order to explore the impact， heterogeneity and mechanism of land transfer on farmers’ common prosperity， the CFPS household survey data from 2016 to 2020 were used， and panel Logit， PSM， mediation effect and adjustment effect models were adopted in this study. The results proved that： Farmland transfer improved the common prosperity of farmers to a certain extent， and the marginal impact of land transfer was greater； Farmland transfer significantly promoted the common prosperity of all dimensions except health， and the farmland transfer better improved the common prosperity level of all dimensions of farmland rented out families； There were heterogeneity differences in initial farmland endowment， region and age in the promotion effect of farmland transfer on Farmers’ common prosperity； Farmland transfer improved the common prosperity level of farmers through large-scale operation， non-agricultural employment， family mobility， psychological expectation and urban living effect. This study proves that land transfer can effectively improve the wealth level of farmers in the level of economy and ability， and provides a certain reference for the solid promotion of farmers’ common prosperity and the formulation of relevant policies.Keywords：farmer;farmland transfer;common prosperity;relative poverty;mechanism31|17|2<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-08Heterogeneity of consumer preference for food certification labeling: Evidence based on choice experiment method AI Introduction
Abstract：To enrich the diversity of food certification labeling in the consumer market， optimize the decision-making of food enterprises on the use of food certification labeling and improve the construction of the government's system of food certification labeling， based on the choice experiment method， the consumer preference and willingness to pay for food certification labeling are measured with the multinomial logit and latent class logit models. A total of 1 311 consumer samples with pure milk are taken as study object. The results indicate that：1） Consumers’ preference and willingness to pay for food certification labeling in descending order is as follows： geographical indication， animal welfare labeling， carbon labeling， organic food labeling， and green food labeling. 2） Consumers with lower age and higher education have a higher preference for animal welfare labeling， and those with higher income have a higher preference for carbon labeling.3） Based on the heterogeneity of preference， consumers can be divided into ‘green and healthy food seekers’ who are mostly urban residents and ‘animal welfare seekers’ who are young and highly educated. In conclusion， the heterogeneity of consumers' food certification labeling preference provides a reference basis for food suppliers’ certification decisions and the government’s certification system arrangements.Keywords：food certification labeling;consumer preference;willingness to pay;choice experiment method;Logit model26|21|1<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-08Analysis of spatial characteristics and transmission mechanism of provincial chicken prices in China AI Introduction
Abstract：In order to balance the regional development in broiler industry， this study employs the exploratory spatial data analysis， generalized forecast error variance decomposition and spatial Durbin model to investigate the spatial characteristics and transmission mechanism of chicken prices using panel data from 2009 to 2021. The results show that： 1）Chicken prices in China exhibit significant positive spatial correlation， and most provinces showing either a “high-high” or “low-low” agglomeration pattern. 2）The inter-provincial linkage level of chicken prices is closely related to the regional distribution of chicken and pork production， and the main chicken and pork producing areas are generally located the central regions of chicken price fluctuations. 3）Significant spatial spillover effects exist among different regional chicken prices. The direct and indirect effects of chicken pork prices are significantly positive， while the direct and indirect effects of poultry meat production are significantky negative. The direct effect of broiler feed prices is significantly positive. Pork production only significantly affects the neighboring regions’ chicken prices but has no significant impact on chicken prices within the region. This study recommends the establishment of a unified national market for livestock and poultry products， the establishment of a coordinated mechanism for the linkage of chicken and pork prices， the implementation of differentiated control measures for different regions. optimization of the regional layout of the chicken industry to improve the development level of the chicken industry in underdeveloped areas in the central and western regions.Keywords：chicken price;spatial characteristics;price transmission;exploratory spatial data analysis;generalized forecast error variance decomposition;spatial Durbin model22|15|0<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-08Multi-subject cooperative strategy of high-quality commercialization of agricultural products based on the perspective of supply chain AI Introduction
Abstract：Aiming at the commercialization problems such as the mismatch between the supply quality of agricultural products and the high-quality consumption demand， the imbalance between supply structure and demand structure， the imbalance between supply quantity and demand quantity， and the instability of market price， this study adopts the research method combining evolutionary game and system dynamics to study the multi-agent behavior strategy of the high-quality commercialization of agricultural products from the perspective of the supply chain. The results show that： 1） When the difference between the benefits and costs of high-quality commercialization of agricultural products by manufacturers， logistics providers and retailers is greater than the benefits of non-high-quality commercialization of agricultural products， it will help each the agent in the supply chain to evolve towards the realization of high-quality commercialization of agricultural products. 2） The reasonable setting of the synergistic revenue-sharing coefficient has a positive effect on the game result. It is more conducive to the game system reaching a stable state. However， the cost of high-quality commercialization of agricultural products and ‘free rider’ revenue has a negative effect on the evolutionary game result. 3） Measures such as improving the revenue-sharing system of the main body， using digital technology to strengthen the information sharing of the whole chain of supply chain， improving agricultural support policies and strengthening the dynamic supervision of the government can effectively promote the cooperation of multi-agent in the commercialization of high-quality agricultural products， and achieve the multiple goals of improving the quality， added value， efficiency and brand of agricultural products. This will ultimately improve the quality and efficiency of agricultural industries and increase farmers' production and incomes.Keywords：agricultural product supply chain;high-quality commercialization of agricultural products;evolutionary game;system dynamics35|16|0<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-08- Abstract：To clarify the factors affecting the hedging performance in China agricultural futures market， this study uses a structural equation model to analyze the direct and indirect effects of factors on the hedging performance in agricultural futures market from seven aspects， e.g. basis risk， futures market liquidity， spot market structure， futures market system， whether there are corresponding foreign futures， whether there are corresponding on-market options and investor structure. Furthermore， this study discusses the action path， direction and degree of each factor. The results show that： 1） The basis risk and liquidity of agricultural futures market are the intermediary factors affecting the hedging performance. 2） The perfectly competitive market structure of agricultural products has an indirect negative impact on hedging performance by increasing the basis risk. 3） The irrational futures market system of agricultural products has a direct negative impact on hedging performance， and an indirect negative impact on the hedging performance by reducing the liquidity of the futures market. 4） The corresponding foreign futures market of agricultural products has a direct positive impact on hedging performance， and an indirect positive impact on hedging performance by improving the liquidity of futures market. 5） The corresponding option contract of agricultural products has an indirect positive impact on hedging performance by reducing basis risk and improving the liquidity of futures market. Based on the research conclusions， suggestions of monitoring the intermediary factors of the hedging performance in agricultural futures market， optimizing the system of agricultural futures market， and improving the risk management tools of agricultural products are put forward in this study.Keywords：agricultural product futures;hedging performance;influencing factor;structural equation model23|16|0<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-08
Influential factors of consumers purchasing live streaming agricultural products under the background of digital economy AI Introduction
Abstract：In order to enhance consumers’ purchasing intention， promote their purchasing behavior， and advance the development of live streaming assisted agriculture， based on the theory of expanded planned behavior， the survey data from 13 prefecture level cities in Jiangsu Province is used in this study. A structural equation model is adopted to study the impact mechanism of consumers purchasing live streaming agriculture products. The results indicate that： 1） Behavioral attitude， subjective norms， behavioral control， cognitive level and purchase intention all have significant positive impacts on consumers purchasing behavior， especially the behavioral control. 2） Cognitive level and purchase intention play a positive and significant mediating role in the impact of behavioral attitude and control on purchasing behavior. 3） The above impact paths are also heterogeneous due to the income differences of consumers. Based on this， to promote the healthy of live streaming agricultural assistance platform， it is suggested to improve the quality of the platform from the perspective of platform convenience and product diversity， enhance the cognitive level of consumers， and explore the promotion and publicity of live streaming agricultural assistance platforms in a differentiated manner.Keywords：digital economy;live streaming agriculture assistance platform;consumers;purchase behavior;theory of planned behavior36|17|0<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-08- Abstract：The purpose of this study is to explore the characteristics of the impact of digital financial inclusion on agricultural economic resilience. Based on the panel data of prefecture-level cities in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River from 2011 to 2022， the panel spatial model and panel threshold model are used to investigate the spatial spillover and threshold effects of digital financial inclusion on agricultural economic resilience. The results show that： There is a promotion effect of digital financial inclusion on the agricultural economic resilience； There is a positive spatial spillover effect of digital financial inclusion on the agricultural economic resilience， and the agricultural technological innovation is an important pathway of action in between； With the improvement of the level of the digital financial inclusion， its promotion effect on the agricultural economic resilience presents a double threshold feature； There is regional heterogeneity in the impact of digital financial inclusion on agricultural economic resilience， in which the promotion effect on high resilience level areas and the lower reaches of the Yangtze River is more significant.Keywords：digital financial inclusion;agricultural economic resilience;the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River;agricultural technology innovation27|20|4<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-08
Impact of agricultural insurance on farmers’ pesticide overuse AI Introduction
Abstract：To investigate the impact of agricultural insurance on the overuse of pesticides and the reasons behind it， based on the 2020 China land economic survey data， this study measured the marginal productivity of pesticide application by rice farmers using an improved damage control production function. Then， an instrumental variable model was used to analyze the impact of agricultural insurance on farmers’ pesticide overuse， and the deeper reasons behind the impact from the perspective of the pesticide risk characteristics and risk sources were revealed. The results showed that： Most of the farmers in the study area had excessive pesticide application behavior from an economic point of view. Participation in agricultural insurance did not reduce the use of pesticides but exacerbated pesticide overuse to a certain extent. This effect was related to the risk-increasing effect of pesticide application in the study area because the risk of pest infestation was exceeded by the meteorological hazards faced during the growing period of crops. This study suggested that the governments should connect the amount of agricultural insurance subsidy with the type of agricultural production technology chosen， and provide guidance to farmers to adopt pesticide-reducing production technologies.Keywords：agricultural insurance;marginal productivity;pesticide overuse;damage control production function37|15|5<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-08Impacts of agricultural eco-efficiency on urban-rural income gap in economically developed areas: A case study of Zhejiang Province AI Introduction
Abstract：In order to explore the impacts of agricultural green transformation on urban-rural income gap， based on the panel data of 11 prefecture-level cities in Zhejiang Province from 2007 to 2021， this study used the global reference super-efficiency SBM model， fixed effect model and mediating effect model to empirically analyze the impact of agricultural eco-efficiency on urban-rural income gap and its mechanism. The results showed that： 1） From 2007 to 2021， the agricultural eco-efficiency of Zhejiang Province and its districts and cities was on the rise. The difference of agricultural eco-efficiency among districts and cities was narrowing down and the number of medium-high efficiency areas was increasing. From 2007 to 2021， the income gap between urban and rural areas in Zhejiang Province showed a decreasing trend year by year. Among them， the income gap between urban and rural areas in Lishui City was the largest and Wenzhou City was the smallest. 2） The results of mechanism analysis showed that the improvement of agricultural eco-efficiency could narrow the urban-rural income gap by increasing the price of agricultural products and promoting the transfer of rural labor force. 3） The results of heterogeneity analysis showed that the effect of agricultural eco-efficiency on improving rural residents ‘income was better than that of urban residents’ income， which was beneficial to narrow the income gap between urban and rural areas. 4） The scale efficiency decomposed by agricultural eco-efficiency displayed a significant effect on narrowing the income gap between urban and rural areas， and the effect of pure technical efficiency was not significant. Therefore， it is necessary to increase financial support for agriculture， improve agricultural subsidy policies， reduce agricultural production costs， improve the income distribution system， increase the proportion of farmers in the economic distribution of green agricultural development results， and promote the formation of farmers ' absolute income level and promote the narrowing of urban-rural income gap.Keywords：economically-developed regions;agricultural ecological efficiency;urban-rural income gap;mesomeric effect25|17|1<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-08
