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- Abstract：In this study,fifty F1 crosses originated from two inducers and 25 materials with various haploid induction rate (HIR) have been made by the NCII experimental design.All these crosses had been evaluated for the HIR and agronomic performance.The results showed that heterosis for haploid induction trait was not significant.The HIRs for F1 crosses were the same as that of middle parent value or below,but the agronomic performance were significantly improved,especially the plant height and tassel length showed strong heterosis.In this study,we developed two inducer hybrids,with the HIR of approximately 8.5% and a better agronomic performance,which could be used in future haploid induction work.Keywords：maize;haploid;hybrid;heterosis0|7|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Selecting more compact plants for higher density planting is an important way to increase yield per unit area of maize (Zea mays L.),and leaf angle and leaf orientation are very important traits affecting maize plant type.In this study,a four-way cross population was constructed with four inbred lines (Zheng58,PH6WC,Yu87-1,Zi330) which were significantly different in leaf angle and leaf orientation.A genetic linkage map containing 225 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers was constructed based on a mapping population consisting of the 228 F1 individuals from the four-way cross,and spanned a total of 1 387.2 cM with an average interval of 6.19 cM.Quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for leaf angle and leaf orientation were identified in whole genome with interval mapping in four environments.13 QTLs of 28 total QTLs were identified for leaf angle on chromosomes 1,2,3,4,5,7 and 10,and the phenotypic variance explained by each QTL ranged from 5.1% to 20.0%.The other 15 QTLs were identified association with leaf orientation on chromosomes 1,2,4,5,7,8 and 9 accounting for 5.4% to 20.1% of the phenotypic variance.qLA-E2-2 and qLA-E4-2 were found in the same marker interval umc1692-umc2297 (bin 5.03),and phenotypic variations explained were 16.6% and 13.2%,respectively.qLO-E1-1,qLO-E3-2 and qLA-E4-1 were found in the same marker interval umc1568-bnlg1953 (bin 1.02),and phenotypic variation explained were 10.1%,19.9% and 12.3%,respectively;qLO-E2-1 and qLO-E3-1 were found in the same marker interval phi056-phi427913 (bin 1.01),and phenotypic variation explained were 13.8% and 10.0%,respectively.These QTLs detected under multiple environments provide useful information for marker-assisted selection of leaf angle and leaf orientation in maize compact breeding,and thus have the potential to accelerate the breeding of compact variety in maize.Keywords：maize;leaf angle;leaf orientation;four-way cross population;QTL2|7|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：The full length of a gene for protein disulphide isomerase (PDIL) in cotton was cloned through e-clone.Sequence analysis showed that introns were absent in the gene.It contained a 1 293 bp open reading frame,and encoded a deduced protein of 430 amino acid residues,and showed 97% homology to HcPDIL5-2a which regulated fertility in kenaf.This gene was tentatively designated as GhPDIL5-2a,and had the same expression pattern in DONG A sterility line and fertile line,and also no differences in other varieties.1|7|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：To investigate the expression pattern of Transposable elements (Transposable elements,TES) in oat,fourteen Ty1-copia-type retrotransposon sequences and three Ty3-gypsy-type retrotransposon sequences were selected as seeded sequence to mine and analyse Ty1-copia-type and Ty3-gypsy-type retrotransposons in the Avena EST dababase of GenBank.The result showed the frequency of retrotransposons in root tissues was significantly higher (P<0.05) than in leaves.The frequency of retrotransposons in oat under high rainfall stress conditions (0.24% at E-10) was about to 2 folds higher than that of under ambient rainfall conditions (0.12% at E-10).The significant difference was estimated between Ty1-copia-type and Ty3-gypsy-type retrotransposons in root (P<0.01),but lack of significant differences in leaf.The result above suggested tissue-specific,developmental regulation and responses to the environment were existed in Ty1-copia-type and Ty3-gypsy-type retrotransposons of oat,which provided an indirect estimation of the patterns of transcriptional activity of these repetitive elements.The retrotransposons mined in Avena EST dababase are helpful to annotation of genomic sequences also.Keywords：Avena;retrotransposons;EST database;transposon specific expression0|8|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Cangzhou is the typical area of Heilonggang low plain region in climate type and production conditions,and winter wheat is one of the main crops.DSSAT V4.5 model was applied to simulate the changing dynamics of light and temperature potential productivity,climatic potential productivity and the attainable yield in Cangzhou.And the climatic change characteristics during recent 50 years and its impacts on potential yields of winter wheat were assessed.The results indicated that:1) the average annual temperature within the wheat growth period increased significantly,the average sunshine duration and solar radiation showed a significant declining trend,while the average rainfall declined non-significantly with a seasonal transferred distribution in recent 50 years.2) The light and temperature potential productivity of winter wheat in recent 50 years showed a declining trend at the annual average rate of 17.94 kg/hm2;both climatic productivity and attainable yield showed a rising tendency,at the annual average rate of 31.02 and 3.62 kg/hm2 respectively;while the actual production showed a significant rising trend at the annual average rate of 100.85 kg/hm2.3) The yield gap between the light and temperature potential productivity and climate potential productivity decreased non-significantly;the yield gap between the climatic potential productivity and the attainable yield increased non-significantly;and the yield gap between the attainable yield and the actual yield decreased highly significantly.(4) In general,changes in climate factors showed obvious impact on winter wheat growth and productivity,the effects of increasing temperature were negative and the impacts of temperature change differed between different stages;the declining average sunshine duration and solar radiation was the main reason of reduced potential yield of winter wheat;while the changed average rainfall was favorable to the wheat growth.The combination effects of climate change shortened growth period and advanced flowering stage and maturity stage of winter wheat.Therefore,the impact of climate change on winter wheat production and potential yield in Cangzhou region was complex,and optimizing water and fertilizer management measures could offset the negative effect of climate change to a certain extent.Keywords：winter wheat;climate change;CERES-wheat model;effects2|7|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Rhizosphere soils and plant tissues (roots,stems and leaves) from hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) plants were collected under pot experimental condition to study their allelopathic effect on stimulating seeds germination for both melon broomrape (Phelipanche aegytiaca Pers.) and sunflower broomrape (Orobanche cumana Wallr.) at different growth stages.The results showed that rhizosphere soil extract displayed a higher germination rate for melon broomrape than that of sunflower broomrape.The seeds germination rates,induced by methanol extracts of roots were higher than that of stems and leaves.Induction of broomrape seeds germination by methanol extracts were stronger than that of aqueous extracts.There was a significant positive correlation between the germination rates of melon broomrape,which were induced by root methanol extracts and the stem extracts (R2=0.833 6,P<0.05).There was also a significant positive correlation between the germination rates of sunflower broomrape,which were induced by hemp root methanol extracts and the stem methanol extracts (R2=0.544 4,P< 0.05).Methanol extract of the roots at seedling stage indicated the highest germination rate for sunflower broomrape seeds germination (45.2%),while melon broomrape seeds germination were appeared at fast-growing stage (41.5%).Aqueous extracts of hemp roots induced the highest germination rates on both melon and sunflower broomrape seeds at the seedling stage,with germination rates of 53.6% and 23.7%,respectively.It is indicated that hemp has potential to be used as a "catch crop" for broomrape.These results can provide a basis for the bio-control of the parasitic weeds.Keywords：Cannabis sativa;Orobanche;seed;germination;catch crop9|10|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：To study the effect of buckwheat continuous cropping and rotation on soil environment,a series of experiments about the changes of soil microorganism,soil enzyme activities and soil fertility,were conducted on the basis of 4 years location test,with spread-plate method and colorimetric method.The results show that the total number of soil microorganisms increases with the advance of buckwheat's growing period.Taking the bacteria of the continuous cropping for example,the number increases significantly from blooming stage to milking stage,reaching 4.3 times of the rotation bacteria in milking stage.The soil enzyme activities of continuous cropping stay higher than other two cropping patterns,especially for the urease and alkaline phosphatase(ALP) with a significant level of 1%.The phosphatase and sucrase of continuous cropping have a significant positive correlation with bacteria.However,there is no significant correlation between urease,catalase and soil microorganism.Thus,the B/F of buckwheat has a larger ratio under short-term continuous cropping,the soil enzyme activities of urease and alkaline phosphatase are stronger,show that short-term continuous cropping is beneficial to the soil physical and chemical properties of buckwheat.Keywords：buckwheat;continuous cropping;soil enzyme;soil biological character0|7|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：The active substances with fungicidal activity were extracted from Equisetum arvense with three different solvents,petrolium ether,chloroform and ethanol.Crude extract was separated and purified by column chromatography.The active fractions were tracked by fungicidal activity against Botrytis cinerea Pers.The results indicated that the strongest inhibition on the spore germination (SG) and mycelial growth (MG) of Botrytis cinerea were observed in chloroform extract,and the EC50 of SG and MG were 0.52 and 0.21 mg/mL,respectively.Subsequent purification with different polarity solvents produced four fractions by solid-liquid extraction.Amongst those fractions,the one extracted with ethyl acetate showed the highest SG and MG inhibition activity,and the EC50 were 0.37 and 0.28 mg/mL,respectively.Silca gel column was used to further separate the ethyl acetate fraction and total of 12 sub-fractions were collected.Sub-fraction L9 could effectively inhibit MG,and the EC50 was 0.22 mg/mL.When treated with L9,fewer amounts of mycelia were produced and the permeability of the cell membrane of mycelia was increased.The mycelia transformation and tumors on the hyphae were determined with electron microscope image.The present research results indicate that Equisetum arvense possess high fungicidal activity and can be development as a natural pesticide.6|8|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：The Shandong (SD) and Liaodong (LD) Peninsulas are connected to the Asian mainland and the Korean Peninsula,respectively.Biodiversity of earthworm was systematically investigated in different habitats by digging in SD and LD in 2009.Earthworms were killed in 70% ethanol and then preserved in 95% ethanol for further research.A portion of the worms was transferred to 10% formalin for preservation as voucher specimens.An up-to-date inventory of the earthworms in SD and LD were presented based on this study.In total,13 species were collected in SD,mostly of the Megascolecidae (39% of total) and Lumbricidae (39% of total) families,while 16 species were sampled in LD,most of which belonged to the Lumbricidae (44% of total) and Megascolecidae (31% of total) families.Eisenia fetida (Savigny,1826),which was harvested intensely for the vermiculture industry,was also collected in free-living habitats.Keywords：earthworm;biodiversity;Liaodong Peninsula;Shandong Peninsula0|7|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Regulation of leaf stomatal movement and water potential is one of the most important mechanisms for plant's resistance to drought stress.Using grapevine as research material,this study aims to understand the correlation between leaf conductance and leaf water potential among different node positions during the process of water stress.The results showed that,under the well watered condition,there was no difference in leaf water potential among different leaf node positions,but the leaf conductance increased along with the increase in the node height position.In the early stage under the partial root drying condition (PRD),leaf conductance declined significantly when no changes occurred in the leaf water potential,indicating that the changes of leaf conductance were a result of systemic chemical signaling;in the middle stage of PRD,leaf conductance showed a negative correlation with the leaf water potential among different node positions.Under the drought stress condition of whole roots,both leaf conductance and leaf water potential declined dramatically,and these two parameters showed a tight exponential correlation.Taken together,these results demonstrate that stomatal sensitivity to drought stress changes among the leaves located at different node positions,and under different stages and conditions,leaf conductance may be differently regulated by a synergistic function of hydraulic and chemically signaling.These observations are valuable for a deep understanding of the mechanisms behind drought resistance in grapevine.Keywords：grapevine;stomatal conductance;leaf water potential;leaf node position;drought1|8|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Hardwood cutting is one of the most important materials in vegetative propagation of fruit and forest trees.Electric hotbed treatment is a widely used method in prompting adventitious root formation of the hardwood cuttings.However,the mechanism of this process is not yet well elucidated physiologically and molecular biologically.In the present study,we recruited hotbed and IBA treatment conditions which could lead to the similar rooting results of one year old fig (Ficus carica L.) hardwood cuttings and compared the hormone levels during the rooting process.The results demonstrated:eminent and comparable rooting results were gained from treating the cuttings 12 days on hotbed and soaking the lower end of the cuttings in 500 mg/L IBA for 2 hours.Plant hormone assay showed that IAA and zeatin level in the lower end tissue of the cuttings were significantly up-regulated in hotbed and IBA treatments;samples of hotbed treated cuttings were of remarkable higher abscisic acid content than that of IBA treatment in the early stage of the rooting process;there was no significant difference on gibberellin level between the two treatments during 0-10 DAT,while in the late stage of the process samples from IBA treatment has the highest gibberellin level.Our study revealed that hotbed and IBA treatment caused many in common in the plant hormone response model in cuttings,at the same time hotbed treatment has its uniqueness.The results lay grounds for further mechanism study on hotbed treatment led rooting response of fig cuttings.0|8|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：The responding differences of water metabolism and photosynthesis to CA and sub-low temperature were studied in cucumber and figleaf gourd seedlings.CA and sub-low temperature individually decreased total water content in leaf,free water content in leaf,bound water content in leaf,free water content/bound water content,net photosynthetic rate (PN),transpiration rate (Tr) and stomatal conductance (gs),however increased osmotic potential in leaf in both species.CA or sub-low temperature deduced dry matter content in root and leaf area(LA),but increased in shoot,instantaneous water use efficiency (WuE) and potential water use efficiency (WuEi) in leaf of cucumber and figleaf gourd.Effects of CA and sub-low temperature stress on two species were consistent with that of CA or sub-low temperature.However,effects of CA and sub-low temperature cross stress on physiological mechanism were most obvious in both cucumber and figeaf gourd,followed by sub-low temperature,and finally CA,in addition,CA and sub-low temperature was much more harmful in cucumber than figleaf gourd.Keywords：cucumber;figleaf gourd;cinnamic acid;sub-low temperature;water metabolism;photosynthesis2|7|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：To evaluate the cold tolerance of savoy(Brassica campestris L.ssp.chinensis var.rosularis Tsen),physiological and morphological characteristics in savoy were studied under low temperature;the relationship between different indexes of cold tolerance were revealed,which would provide a theoretical basis for discovery and promotion of cold tolerant germplasm,evaluation on cold tolerance of a large number of savoy varieties and breeding of new cold-tolerant varieties.The cold resistance of 6 savoy varieties were test materials,the cold comprehensive evaluation of chilling tolerant coefficient (CTC) about relative electric conductivity,chlorophyll content,relative MDA content and relative soluble sugar content in leaves of savoy seedlings under low temperature stress (0℃,5 d)and the rest of the seedlings grown in field,waiting for mature determines their 12 morphological characteristics,were evaluated by principal components analysis and subordinate function analysis.During low temperature treatment,no significant correlation was found between pigments content with chilling tolerance of savoy various cultivars and soluble sugar content of each type were increased;the 19 single indexes could be classified into 4 independent comprehensive components.Leaf color,Leaf color,leaf area,plant type,degree of compaction were reflecting the main morphological characters of savoy;relative electric conductivity and relative MOD content reflected savoy cold tolerance identification of the main indicators.The subordinate function analysis was used to divide 6 savoy cultivars into three chilling-tolerance types.Leaf color depth,small size,small plant type,tight varieties of cold resistance was strong.Leaf color,leaf area,plant type,the variety of loose cold resistance was weak.Keywords：savoy;cold resistance;physiological property;morphological characteristics0|7|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：In order to study the effects of different K levels on the growth of Cymbidium hybridum,red flower species of Cymbidium ‘R-01’seedlings (tissue culture seedlings that were outside the bottle for 3 months) cultivated in red pine bark were chosen as material treated with different concentrations of K nutrient solution.The results indicated that K gradient of 100 mg/L contributed to the length of leaf;and with the increasing of the K application,the root developed significantly while the growth of the shoots decreased.Besides,the chlorophyll decreased when K concentration was over 100 mg/L.However,the increasing of K concentration didn't have a dramatic effect on the K absorption amount.In addition,when the K gradient was above 100 mg/L,both the N absorption and the Ca absorption in the roots were significantly increased.Moreover,when the K gradient was 50 mg/L,the N absorption in the leaf reached the maximum.In this experiment,the concentration of K had no significant effect on the absorption of Mg.Keywords：Cymbidium;potassium levels;growth;nutrient absorption0|8|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：In order to obtain more cichoric acid in the medicinal plant material of dry root chicory,three kinds of blanching processing methods including water bath,steam and microwave were used to treat the fresh chicory root to explore the application of several inactivating methods for polyphenol oxidase (PPO).For each method,PPO activity was determined immediately to evaluate the inactivated impact on PPO activity,the cichoric acid content of dry chicory root was studied,and the relationship of the two indexes was analyzed.The changes of PPO activity and the cichoric acid content in chicory root without blanching during air drying were also monitored.The results showed that:1)The relative activity of PPO retention was morn than 9.41% during the air drying processing.2)Water bath blanching,steam blanching and microwave blanching processing could inhibit the PPO activity effectively,and the cichoric acid content had a negative correlation with PPO activity in those three processing methods (P<0.05).3)The PPO activity should be inactivated quickly during processing to avoid cichoric acid oxidation.4)Cichoric acid in chicory root retention among the four methods ranked as follows:air drying directly < drying after water bath blanching < drying after steam blanching < drying after microwave blanching.In this experiment,microwave blanching processing was considered as the best method for inactivating processing for PPO in chicory root before air drying.The dry root had the highest content (1 095.08 μg/g) of cichoric acid when treated with microwave (600 W) blanching with 4.49 min,and the decreasing rate of cichoric acid was only 14.32% compared to the fresh root,and with a rate of 77.67% improved compared to the content in the root of air drying directly.1|8|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：In order to study the effect of estrogens on the expression of neurokinin B in rat hypothalamus,the immunohistochemical PV-9003 2-step method and DAB staining technology were used to investigate the expression of NKB in the hypothalamus of rats in different groups,that is,the rats were treated by exogenous estradiol (Group E2),peanut oil (Group C),estradiol after ovariectomy (Group OVX+E2) and ovariectomy (Group OVX) respectively.The results showed that the day of vaginal opening in the rats of group E2 (29.00±0.707) and group OVX+ E2 (30.20±0.084) was more significantly earlier than that of the control group (43.60±2.074) (P<0.01).NKB were mainly distributed in the arcuate nucleus,ventromedial nucleus and paraventricular nucleus and a little ones in the periventricularis nucleus in the rats of the group OVX and group C (P<0.05).However,the mean optical density value of NKB in the different groups was different,and the data in the arcuate nucleus (0.33±0.49),ventromedial nucleus (0.31±0.54) and paraventricular nucleus (0.30±0.55) of OVX rats were significantly higher than that in the group OVX+E2, group C and group E2.It showed that the estrogen inhibited the expression of NKB in hypothalamus of rats,and NKB may play a role in the regulation of reproductive function by estrogen.Keywords：rat;NKB;estrogen;hypothalamus;ovariectomy0|8|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：The study was conducted to make a comparison of growth performance,carcass characteristics and meat quality traits between Bamei Sheep and Small-tail Han Sheep under the intensive feeding pattern.Ten male Bamei lambs and ten male Small-tail Han lambs with similar ages and body weights were selected to be the experimental animals for a 120-day feeding experiment with the Total Mixed Ration (TMR,forage:concentrate=50:50 (DM basis)) as the main feeding method.Within the 120-day period of feeding experiment,the growth performance of all experimental animals was evaluated.After that,the lambs were slaughtered and their carcass characteristics and meat quality traits were measured immediately.The results showed:1) for growth performance,Bamei lambs had a significantly higher dry matter intake (DMI),final body weight (Final BW),total weight gain and average daily weight gain (ADG) than those of Small-tail Han lambs (P<0.01);2) for dressing performance,it was observed that the values of fasting live weight,hot carcass weight and rib-eye area of longissimus dorsi muscle in Bamei lambs were dramatically higher than that of Small-tail Han lambs (P<0.05),whereas it was reverse for the dressing percentage (P<0.01);3) for meat quality traits,It was found that the longissimus dorsi muscle of Bamei lambs had considerably higher values of postmortem pH45 min (P<0.05),meat colour in a* and b* estimates after 1 h of exposition to the air (P<0.01) as well as meat colour in a* estimates after 24 h of exposition to the air (P<0.05) than that of Small-tail Han lambs;in addition,compared with Small-tail Han lambs,Bamei lambs showed lower values of shear force,drip loss and cooking loss of longissimus dorsi muscle (P<0.05).In conclusion,Bamei lambs tend to play a better performance on the growth rate,carcass characteristics and meat quality traits compared with that of Small-tail Han lambs under the intensive feeding system with TMR as the main feeding method.Keywords：sheep;intensive feeding pattern;TMR;growth performance;carcass characteristics;meat quality0|9|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Taurine has many biological roles for animals.The experiment was conducted to determine the effect of dietary taurine on the intestinal development of mice.A single factor design was adopted,and a total of 48 KM mice were randomly allocated into 6 groups with 4 males and 4 females in each group.The tap water was supplemented with 2.5,5.0,10.0,20.0 and 40.0 g/L taurine,respectively.The commercial diets were fed ad libitum.The mice were raised for 31 days to observe the effect of taurine on the gross growth of small intestine and liver,morphology,cell apoptosis and antioxidant capacity.The results showed as follows:1)The weight and the relative weight of small intestine were significantly increased (P<0.05).Besides,the length of small intestine and the weight of liver increased linearly (PL<0.05).2)Taurine supplemented with 2.5,5.0 and 10.0 g/L also decreased the crypt depth in the jejunum (P<0.05).In addition,Prot/DNA in ileum also increased linearly (PL<0.05).3)Compared with the control group,taurine supplemented with 5.0 g/L could decrease the apoptosis index,while higher levels (40.0 g/L) increased it.4) MDA contents in ileum decreased (P=0.07) and GSH-Px in the jejunum was related with the dietary taurine supplement level quadraticly,taurine had no influence on serum IGF-I levels.It can be concluded that taurine in small dosage exerts beneficial effects for development of the small intestine of mice,decreasing the crypt depth and mucosal apoptosis.Keywords：mice;taurine;small intestine;villus;apoptosis0|9|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：The strain F518,identified as Rhizopus microsporus,was newly isolated from fermented bean curd for its high level of milk clotting enzyme production.The single-factor tests were employed to evaluate the optimal fermentation conditions for milk clotting enzyme production of Rhizopus microsporus F518 by liquid fermentation.The results showed that the optimal conditions for milk clotting enzyme production were as follows:vinasse as carbon source,yeast extract as nitrogen source,the initial pH was 5.0 and incubation temperature was 30℃.Under optimized conditions,the highest enzyme activity of 1 001 SU/mL was obtained after 72 h of incubation.Rhizopus microsporus F518 possesses a potential application from the industrial point of view for the milk clotting enzyme production.Keywords：Rhizopus microsporus;milk clotting enzyme;liquid fermentation;optimization0|8|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：For expanding the application of rice bran in food industry,acetic anhydride was applied to improve the functional properties of rice bran protein by acetylated modification.The optimum reaction conditions,the concentration of rice bran protein of 60 mg/mL,the reaction temperature of 30℃ and acetic anhydride addition level of 20% was determined through single factor reaction.Two acetylated rice bran protein products with the degree of acylation of 52.9% and 78.3% were prepared with reaction time of 30 min and 60 min.Some functional properties of two acetylated rice bran protein products,such as solubility,emulsification and foaming ability were analyzed.The results indicated that solubility,emulsion stability and foaming ability of two acetylated rice bran protein products were higher than untreated products and emulsifying activity and foam stability of two acetylated rice bran protein products were lower than untreated products as degree of acylation increased.Keywords：rice bran protein;acetic anhydride;acetylation;functional properties0|10|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：With the aim to test the effect of deep side fertilizing with multifunctional rice transplanter in rice-rape rotation areas in Southern China,taking traditional planting method as the control group,4 treatments of reducing fertilizer application were designed in the field trials.The critical data of rice growing and yield were collected,and economic analysis was conducted as well.The results showed that the method of transplanting with deep side fertilizing could increase panicles,grains per panicle and 1 000-grain weight.The general yield increased about 6%.Reasonable reduction rate of fertilizer applied was 30% with an average increased profit of 1 654.95 yuan per hm2.The test shows the remarkable effect of deep side fertilizing on increasing the yield and income,which can be promoted in cooperatives and leading growers at the beginning.Keywords：rice;deep side fertilizing;transplanter;fertilizer reduction rate;yield-increasing effect4|8|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：The object of this research is to calculate the unloading area and evaluate the trapped-oil pressure of gear pump with arc unloading groove.With the expansion process of trapped-oil as an example,the accurate calculation method of unloading area was derived from the computation of gearing point of driving space curve and driven tooth curve,the calculation results were verified by the virtual measurement.The trapped-oil pressures of arc and rectangle unloading groove were simulated by the model derived from the definition of fluid bulk modulus.The simulation results were verified by the experimental data provided by literature cited.Results showed that the calculation result of unloading area greatly corresponded with virtual measurement data,and the simulation result of trapped-oil pressure peak also accorded with experimental data.Basing on the study,the important conclusions are drawn that rectangular unloading groove is preferred to provide larger unloading area when the pump with small backlash gap and large unloading groove space.On the contrast,the arc unloading groove is preferred to reduce processing cost and maintenance cost in the case that pump is with large backlash gap and small unloading groove space.Keywords：gear pump;arc unloading groove;unloading area;trapped-oil pressure;trapped-oil model2|8|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：In order to improve production and enhance profits,a double roofing,steel frame,sinking,great-span greenhouse without back wall was designed and built.Comparing to common greenhouse by considering temperature,relative humidity,construction costs and profits,the air temperature and ground temperature,whenever sunny day or not,were much higher of the new designed greenhouse than the ordinary control greenhouse.The lowest air temperature of new greenhouse was 4.1℃ higher and the highest higher air temperature was 2.8℃ higher than the latter on 7 consecutive days.The lowest ground temperature in the new greenhouse was 0.6℃ higher than the highest ground temperature in the control greenhouse on 7 consecutive days.Relative humidity of the two greenhouses had little difference.The construction costs and profits of this new greenhouse were 220.4 and 72.2 yuan/m2.The construction costs was 65.1 yuan/m2 less than the common greenhouse and the profits was 11.1 yuan/m2 more than the latter.So sinking,great-span greenhouse without back wall is a kind of lower cost and better heat preservation greenhouse type,which has good application prospect.Keywords：greenhouse;sinking;temperature;relative humidity;construction costs0|7|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Increasing CO2 fertilizer rationally for plants can improve the net photosynthetic rate,thereby improve the crop yield and quality.In order to achieve precision management of CO2 fertilizer in solar greenhouse,a CO2 concentration monitoring and controlling system was developed based on wireless sensor network.The system included several monitoring and controlling nodes,a gateway node and a remote management software.The monitoring and controlling nodes could sense CO2 concentration in the root and canopy of plants respectively,and control the switch of CO2 supply device.The gateway node,as a bridge from ZigBee to GPRS,could process and transmit the data or commands between sensor nodes and remote management software.The remote management software could provide a friendly interface between user and machine.Users could inquire the real-time data,and set the CO2 concentration control rules and parameters of wireless sensor network.Based on the developed system,the distribution of CO2 concentration in the root and canopy of tomato was monitored and controlled.The experimental results showed that the designed system could transfer data stably,the average value of packet loss rate was 0.13%,and the average overshoot of CO2 control was 64 μmol/mol.The designed system could work stably and reliably,and it could be used to monitor and control the CO2 concentration in solar greenhouse.Keywords：solar greenhouse;ZigBee;GPRS;WSN;CO;2;concentration monitoring and controlling0|8|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Green roof has the effects of reducing building energy consumption and improving the ecological environment.This article used EnergyPlus to simulate the annual energy consumption of the selected cities' office building with different of green roof parameters.These cities were selected from different climatic zones.The purpose of this article is to study energy saving rate of plant roof and to analyze the way that key parameters impact on energy consumption.Compare the energy consumption of green roof with that of the ordinary roof,it shows that the largest annual energy-saving rate of green roofs in Beijing,Chongqing and Guangzhou is 8.66%,14.05% and 10.48%.Analysis the effects of soil thickness,plant height,LAI on the energy consumption of green roof,we find that that low soil thickness and high plant height is helpful to reduce cooling energy consumption,high soil thickness and low plant height help reduce heating energy consumption.Keywords：green roof;energy consumption simulation;energy saving;EnergyPlus0|9|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：It is quite difficult to distinguish the appropriate rose by its color or shape.In order to solve this problem,this paper is aimed to explore an image segmentation and recognition algorithm of edible rose.The roses just before picking period were taken as the recognition object.Firstly,shifted this image to HIS color space;extracted S weight and segmented the image by using Otsu method.Then extracted the textural features of high distinction degree and recognized the picking rose by integrating BP neural network.The result indicated that the correct recognition rate of this method was higher than 85% and the recognition rate was mainly affected by the samples' openness instead of their sensitive to the illumination.Keywords：edible rose;image segmentation;textural features;neural network3|8|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：The triangular mesh method has been one of the common ways to accurately describe plant organ geometry.By using 3D laser scanning technology,3D data of plant organs (e.g.leaves) can be acquired with high precision.In the procedures of rendering a 3D scene or simulation of spatial light distribution in a canopy,however,tremendous computer disk space and a huge amount of calculation time could be cost if we directly use the original mesh data collected by using 3D laser scanning.This study aims to find a solution which can be used to properly simplify the original data of triangular mesh so as to minimize the time consumption of computer calculation,and preserve the principle characteristics of canopy architecture.By improving the mesh simplification algorithm proposed by Isler and others which is based on triangle collapse,it proposed an algorithm to solve mesh cross-over problem that often occurs in the process of mesh simplification,and reduce the probability of long-narrow triangles,concave polygons and other irregular triangles in the triangular mesh,so as to enhance the solid rendering effects.For evaluation of the proposed method,it was used to simplify triangular mesh of tobacco leaf blades attained by 3D laser scanning.It showed that when the canopy was simplified by 90.3%,rendering efficiency increased by 86.1%,and the simplified leaf geometry is still close to the original.It indicates that the mesh number of leaf blades can be reduced significantly while their geometry still closes to the originals.This algorithm can be applied to different kinds of complex geometrical shapes,e.g.large and undulated leaves.The study provides a reliable solution for the requirement of simplifying complex geometrical shapes in computer landscape visualization,simulation of spatial light distribution of crop and forest canopies,and other applications.Keywords：blade surface;mesh simplification;triangle collapse;three-dimensional model;visualization;virtual plant2|9|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：The public services for infectious diseases prevention and control are important not only to the benefit of pig breeding farmers,but also to the sustainable development of animal husbandry.In this paper,the study was based on the survey data of the scale pig breeding farmers in Anhui Province.The data were analyzed with the analysis method of Probit model to find out the satisfaction degree of pig breeding farmers to the public services of disease prevention and control and its influence factors.It was indicated that,the timely sterilizing of the animal husbandry and veterinary department and effects of compulsory immunity were the most significant influence factors,the marginal effects of them were 0.239 and 0.176 respectively,and the technical training was also important.Finally,some advices on policy were put forward based on the data.Keywords：pig;scale breeding farmers;animal infectious diseases prevention and control;public services;Probit model0|7|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：The price fluctuation of beef in China with a two-regime threshold autoregressive model was analyzed in this paper.The monthly data was from 1995 to 2012.The result showed that the price index of beef was a stationary time series,and presented the significant nonlinear characteristics.The threshold value was 4.698,and the corresponding price index was 109.73%.Through constructing the 13 lags TAR model,it showed when the beef price index was more than the threshold value,the impact was large and lasting.The impact came mainly from itself when the index was less than the threshold,and it had a greater impact on the later period.When formulating the beef price policies,attention should be paid to the threshold value,and the market's self-regulation ability should be emphasized.Keywords：beef;price index;nonlinearity;threshold autoregressive model1|7|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Based on the perspective of production efficiency,the implementation effects of rapeseed subsidies policy on 1 486 farmers in 13 provinces were analyzed in this paper,which focused on four aspects including increasing agricultural production,farmers' income,economic benefits and promoting technology extension by using the analytical tools of Quantile Regression and Stochastic Frontier Production Function.The empirical results showed that seed subsidies policy had caused effects on the lowquantile (0.25) farmers in land productivity at the level of 5%,but had not caused significant effects on the high quantile (0.75 and 0.90) farmers;and the policy had also caused significant effects on both labor productivity and cost-benefit ratio in each quantile (0.10,0.25,0.50,0.75 and 0.90) at the level of 1%;however,the technical efficiency of rapeseed production was not so good (77.40%),and there was still a sizable space for improvement,the heterogeneity of famers should be paid more focuses than before to improve the subsidies' effects.Keywords：rape;seed subsidy;production efficiency;quantile regression;stochastic frontier analysis0|8|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：This paper used public goods supply survey data of Sichuan province in 2012 to analyze farmers' satisfaction on irrigation facilities supply and its influencing factors.The descriptive statistics and the Ordinal Logistic Regression results showed that 1)Irrigation facilities supply was different in different villages in the aspect of quantity and quality of supply.2)The proportion of that satisfied with the irrigation facilities was lower than the proportion that unsatisfied.3)Compared with year 2008,the supply of irrigation facilities was improved but still existence of complains.4)The factors,such as farmers' gender,the party member or common farmer,whether benefit from the irrigation facilities,non-farm work proportion,the valid rate of irrigation,the irrigation system quality compared with year 2008 and compared with nearby villages,etc.had significant influence on farmers satisfaction.The factors,such as village cadre or common farmer,whether invested in the system etc.had less influence on the satisfaction,but they still should be fully considered in the decision-making process.Keywords：irrigation facilities;rural public goods;satisfaction degree;ordinal logistic regression0|7|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：The aging of agricultural labor force is getting severe in China,which has negative effects on agricultural labor supply.The aging effect of labor force for agricultural production efficiency was analyzed in this paper basing on 2009 rural fixed observation points data in 9 provinces of China.The results showed that aging problem was very serious in China and 18.42 percent of the agricultural labor force were over 60 years old.Old people have lower agricultural production efficiency than young people,so the aging of agricultural labor force would be one of the major constraints to enhance agricultural production efficiency.Keywords：agriculture production;agricultural labor force;aging problem;marginal value;production efficiency1|7|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Based on first-hand household survey data,Binary Logistic model was applied into the analysis of the impact of cost on agricultural waste recycling behavior in rural areas in information cost,learning cost,production cost and risk cost.The results were as follows.1) Fertilization (23.17%) was still the main recycling method in rural areas,and new recycling methods such as using as energy (20.10%),matrix (15.50%) were getting increasingly attention,whereas a high percentage of agricultural waste was discarded (26.75%).2) Information costs,learning costs and production costs were all important factors affecting farmers' agricultural waste recycling behavior.Specifically,information cost characterized by availability of information resource,learning costs characterized by assistance of agricultural technology instructor and role of technical training in learning,and production cost characterized by labor force and economic conditions had significant positive impacts on farmers' recycling behavior.3) To strengthen informatization construction and emphasize agricultural extension services and technical training were helpful to reduce the cost of agricultural waste recycling and increase its probability of adoption.Keywords：farmer;agricultural waste;recycling;cost analysis0|8|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：A market survey was carried out on October,2012 with the aim to learn about the present situation and trend of dried Chinese noodles market in Beijing.In order to investigate brands,varieties,packaging and price of dried Chinese noodles sold in Beijing supermarkets,108 medium or large-scale supermarkets in the urban district and suburban county of Beijing were selected based on quota sampling and simple random sampling methods.The results showed that the number of dried Chinese noodles brands increased to 94 comparing to the data of 2010,and national brands accounted for a relatively large market share.The average price of dried noodles was ￥5.79/500 g,and 52.03% of dried noodles price was in the range of ￥4-6/500 g.Compared to 2010,the noodles price significantly grew up and the proportion of high-end noodle products considerably increased.Ordinary noodles was still the most popular dried Chinese noodles,followed by egg noodles,mixed grains or vegetables noodles."Cylindrical paper package" was the main packaging type of the dried noodles products;the proportion of boxed noodles increased significantly from 2010 to 2012.Those targeted at children showed significantly higher price than other noodles,as well as the noodles with the better package.The brand had slight effect on noodles price.However,some famous brands developed series products,and the price showed wide variation.The number of dried Chinese noodles brands increased rapidly.Brand competition was getting tougher at medium or high end markets.The variety and packaging had significant effects on noodles price.Keywords：dried Chinese noodles;brand;variety;price;packaging;market survey;Beijing0|8|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：In order to identify the source reliability and lower the risks of China's importing rapeseed and rapeseed oil,the relationship between China and the source countries of China's rapeseed and rapeseed oil import market was studied.Based on analysis of China's rapeseed and rapeseed oil import market structure,the study focused on the following aspects :identifying the proportion of the value share of China's rapeseed and rapeseed oil imported from each source country to the total import value from all the world(I1),the proportion of the value share of rapeseed and rapeseed oil exported from each source country to China to the total export value to the world(I2),and the total trade balance (Index B) between China and each country was also taken into account.The dependency coefficients(I3、I5)of China's import and import safety were estimated in this paper.Research results indicated that China's import of rapeseed and rapeseed oil mainly depended on Canada,but the dependency coefficient went down gradually by showing that the rapeseed indexes I3 and I5 dropped from 12.781 8 and 4.322 4 in 2005 to 2.662 5 and 1.032 7 in 2012 respectively,and the rapeseed oil indexes I3 and I5 dropped from 5.079 8 and 0.906 2 to 2.232 7 and 0.856 1 respectively.Research results indicated that Canada is the safe source of China's rapeseed and rapeseed oil import and it is economic rationality to import more rapeseed rather than rapeseed oil.Some countermeasures and advice have been given by the authors in the end.Keywords：rapeseed;rapeseed oil;import security;import market concentration;import market dependence2|8|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：In order to profile research status of soil science and gasp development direction of the subject,based on the articles of three soil science journals published in 2003—2012 and catalogued by SCIE and assisted with CAB Thesaurus,the subject co-occurrences of high-frequency were counted in this paper and divided into 15 research fields.The characteristics of the 15 research fields were analyzed.Then the subject concentrations in TPO10 countries and TOP10 research institutes were compared and Chinese soil science research status was specially profiled.Finally,some suggestions for Chinese soil science research were put forward.Keywords：soil science;research profiling;subject co-occurrence0|7|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
