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- Abstract：In this study,we measrued the germination characteristics,anzyme activities and related physiological characteristics of pennisetum treated with exogenous melatonin under NaCl stress.Melatonin treatment improved the germination rate at 48 h and the final germination rate.The M300 and M500 treatments had high effect.Melatonin enhanced the root system of pennisetum by increasing the radical diameter.The melatonin treated group had larger dry weight than that of control group,indicating that melatonin facilitated the dry matter accumulation.In addition,both free proline accumulation and soluble protein content were also increased by exogenous melatonin.Both proline and soluble protein are assumed to resist the permeability damage caused by salt stress.Exogenous melatonin may keep the pennisetum from oxidative damage caused by reactive oxygen species,as improving the activities of antioxidate system enzymes (SOD,POD and CAT) and maitaining the MDA content at a low level.In summary,melatonin may be the reason for the pennisetum to resist NaCl stress.Keywords：Pennisetum alopecuroides;melatonin;NaCl stress;germination;antioxidation2|8|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：In recent years agricultural trade issues caused by asynchronized approval of GM crops became increasingly prominent between Europe and the United States.A large amounts of facts showed that the strict GM crops approval system in EU established in the 1990s has produced a greater negative impact on its economy.Because China's agriculture had similar characteristics with EU, in order to draw inspiration and proposals for reforming GM crops approval system in China, an analysis of EU GM crops approval system by literature research method was conducted, including the contents, characteristics, problems and the economic impact.Furthermore, the approval regimes of GM crops between EU and China were compared and analyzed.The results showed that: 1)Long time were needed for safety assessment a as the approval procedures were more complex and there were some special requirements for approval;and the final approval result was uncertain since it was affected by social economic factors;2)Farmers was suffered a potential economic losses, and the enthusiasm of GM crops R&D enterprise was restrained and appeared brain drain;3)The import quantity of feed such as corn, soybean declined dramatically, downstream livestock industries were severely blown, and the social total welfare was lost in 9.6 billion euros every year;4)It was estimated in the future more and more GM Crops will be stranded in the approval system, trade friction will be increasing resulted from LLP of GM ingredients, and more and more farmers and enterprises will be affected;5)To promote the overall social welfare, EU should improve the fairness and efficiency of the approval system by speeding up the safety evaluation, setting up a voting mechanism, strengthening risk communication based on the impact assessment.Lastly, the revelation for China was that we should pay more attention to the assessment and management of economy and society risk in the approval stage, implement risk communication with the public in a widely range, and approve the appropriate GM crops varieties for importing and commercial cultivation at the right time.Keywords：Genetically Modified crops;European Union;approval;security management2|8|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Transgenic biotechnology is one of the frontiers for resolving numerous agricultural and environmental dilemmas happened in a new century, but it invokes several biosafety problems cared and worried by the public.Smart cognition and communication with the public take an important role in facilitating development of transgenic biotechnology so as to allow the public to know the reasons and principle of transgenic biotechnology, and more, to make great contribution to social and economic development in China.This paper cited and commented the transgenic biotechnology biosafety cognition of the American public and compared the cognition and its impacting factors to transgenic products between developed countries, such as the US, UK, Japan and developing countries including Columbia and China.We also analyzed the different impact factors of the public cognition to transgenic products and the varied elements in defining benefit and risk of transgenic products among the developed and developing countries.Eventually, we collected those possible candidate factors leading to the above mentioned phenomena and summarized the interaction between the public cognition to transgenic products and tagging in transgenic product among the developed and developing countries.Keywords：transgenic organism;cognition;developed country;developing country6|9|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Searching behavior of the consumers on external information about Genetically Modified Food (GMF) can effectively reduce the information asymmetry of the GMF market, protect the consumer's informed consent and choice.Through the investigation of the searching behavior of consumers on GMF information in Wuhan City, SPSS17.0 was used to empirically analyze the survey data, and factors that influence GMF external information search behavior of consumers were explored.It was concluded: the intention for consumers in Wuhan City to look for external information on GMF was low when they purchasing GMF, and the most important information were the store credit.Furthermore, the primary source obtaining GMF relevant information was the media.The amount of GMF product knowledge, the height of security risk perception degree and involvement degree on GMF positively influenced the external information search behavior of them, and all the effects were positive.Keywords：Genetically Modified Food (GMF);food safety;external information search behavior6|8|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Consumers'perception and purchase intention towards genetically modified foods(GMF) is not only an important consideration for government and business to make decisions, but also affect the sustainable development of GMF.This paper makes an empirical analysis on consumers'perceived risks of GMF and its effect on consumers'purchase intention by using the data collected from a survey conducted in Wuhan.The results showed consumers'perception on potential risks of GMF were mainly physical risks, socio-economic risks, eco-environmental risks, and functional risks, among which the first three perceived risks significantly affected consumers'purchase intention, whereas the effect of functional risk is not distinct.Keywords：Genetically Modified Foods (GMF);consumers;perceived risks;purchase intention5|9|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Based on a survey data collected from 547 farmers in Hubei province, this paper explored the relationship of farmers'endowment characteristic, perception and planting willingness of Genetically Modified (GM) crops, and the role of farmers'risk preference in this process.By using hierarchical regression analysis model and SPSS 17.0 software, we made three conclusions.First, farmers'gender, educational level, household income and concurrent business status had significant effects on their perception on GM crops;second, farmers'perception of GM crops had a significant positive impact on farmers'willingness to grow them;third, farmers'personal risk attitude played a significant role in adjusting their planting willingness.Based on these conclusions, we believed that more extensive broadcasting ways, farmers'better understanding of transgenic crops and their greater anti-risk capability were all contributing to the promotion of GM crops.Keywords：farmer;GM crops;perception;planting willingness;risk preference7|9|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：To investigate the imported and exported Genetically Modified agricultural products and to analysis the detection situation of Genetically Modified agricultural products, and to discuss the relationship between the detection situation of Genetically Modified agricultural products and Genetically Modified ingredients, fluorescent PCR were used to detect Genetically Modified ingredients from 425 agricultural samples.Results showed that Genetically Modified ingredients were detected in 36 agricultural samples, with a positive rate of 8%.The genetically modified ingredients detected were mainly from soybean, rice, corn and canola samples.The research concluded that Genetically Modified ingredients were identified in in both imported and exported agricultural products in China.In those imported agricultural products, soybeans, corn and its products were among high-risk products containing Genetically Modified ingredients.In the exported agricultural products, rice and its byproducts were high-risk products containing Genetically Modified ingredients.Keywords：import and export;agricultural products;Genetically Modified;detection8|10|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：To find a solution to the lack of calibrator during GMO detection, four Genetically Modified soybean events GTS-40-3-2, MON89788, A2704-12 and A5547-127 were used to construct a calibration plasmid which was developed by combining endogenous reference gene and herbicide resistance specific DNA sequence to the clone vector pMD18-T.The results showed LOD (a limit of detection) value of calibrator plasmid DNA was 20 copies/μL by qualitative PCR detection.The max Bias value≤9.89%, max CV value≤5.96%, max SD value≤0.06 in the performance of this real-time Q-PCR system.The deviations were reasonable, thus the calibrator plasmid was suitable for the specific detection of the four Genetically Modified soybean events.Keywords：soybean;Genetically Modified soybean;calibrator plasmid DNA;quantitative PCR (Q-PCR)4|9|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：In order to clarify the influence of exogenous Bt gene on edipemics of maize disease, transgenic Bt maize and its'receptor Zheng 58 were used for comparing the occurrence of corn disease at different development stages under field condition and under a condition which infected by head smut fungus.Influence of the disease on defense enzymes system, hormone level and secondary metabolites were studied.Results showed that incidence of disease reached 24% at silk stage of transgenic Bt maize infected by head smut fungus, total grain weight of single spike decreased 18% to control and hundred-grain weight of the seed decreased 12%, whereas incidence of disease was 15% and no significant difference of production with related control.Detection of physiological and biochemical index showed that defense enzymes of Bt maize, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT), enhanced slower than those of Zheng 58 and the activities were weaker than Zheng 58.The malondialdehyde (MDA) content of Bt maize enhanced significantly indicated that membrane lipid peroxidation was more severely. Lower protective enzyme activities and more severe membrane lipid peroxidation might inhibit the growth of Bt corn, which might be one of the causes for yield reduction.Remarkable decrease of concentration of auxin (IAA), gibberellin (GA), zeatin riboside (ZR) and increase of abscisic acid (ABA) under fungus treatment inhibited the growth of Bt maize.Moreover, the fact that sharp decline of condensed tannins and total phenolics concentration in Bt maize (significantly higher than its receptor Zheng 58) in every growth stages suggested that inhibited biochemical defense mechanism influenced the incidence of disease and final maize production.Keywords：maize;transgenic;Bt;gene;head smut fungus;protective enzymes9|10|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：In order to explore the difference of phosphorus(P)use efficiency between Bt corn and Non-Bt corn, we take Bt 38 (Bt maize) and the background maize ZD 958 (NON-Bt maize) as experimental materials, using hydroponics at two P concentration levels (1 mmol/L, 1 μmol/L) to test the effect.The result showed that some biological traits and physical signs presented significant difference even under the same P concentrations between Bt 38 and ZD 958.Among the biological traits, root length, full-developed leave area from Bt corn decreased markedly under normal P concentration compared with ZD 958.Furthermore, plant height, root length, Stem diameter, leaf length, leaf width, shoot fresh weight, root fresh weight all increased dramatically, while root/shoot ratio decreased significantly.Additionally, among physical signs, compared with Bt 38 vs ZD 958, Chlorophyll content and Chla/Chlb of unfully-developed and fully-developed leaves, solvable sugars and starch content as well as plant hormone content among different part of maize changed markedly.Moreover, solvable proteins content, activities of anti-oxidant enzymes changed significantly under different P concentration treatments.In a word, expression of Cry1Ac affected both biological and physical traits in Bt corn, which lead to diverse viabilities under the same P concentrations.Keywords：maize;Bt 38;ZD 958;insect-resistant;low phosphorus stress;Cry1Ac10|9|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：This study aims to understand the roles of DREBs in fruit development and ripening.With‘Micro-Tom’as research materials, a member of DREBs, SlDREB1B, was cloned.It was found that SlDREB1B could be induced by dehydration and cold stress in‘Micro-Tom’fruit.SlDREB1B was constructed into e-GFP-containing vector and transformed into‘Micro-Tom’.SlDREB1B transgenic plants were successfully obtained by e-GFP screening and SlDREB1B expressional analysis.Compared with control plants carrying empty vector, over-expression of SlDREB1B significantly promoted fruit ripening.Further analysis showed that over-expression of SlDREB1B resulted in a significant increase in many ripening related genes, especially for pigment metabolic genes and fruit softening related genes.6|11|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：This paper was concerned on exploring the signal pathway mediated by exogenous gibberellins (GA3) in berry enlargement of seedless grape, and verifying the main regulatory elements.Centennial Seedless (Vitis vinifera L.) was used to detect the expression character of GRAS family gene SCARECROW Like 14-Like (VvSCL14-Like) in different tissues, organs and berry developmental stages by semi-quantitative RT-PCR and grape berry transcriptomic data analysis.The expression pattern of VvSCL14-Like was further studied by promoter cloning, bioinformatic analysis, promoter∷GUS fusion gene and GUS staining.The semi-quantitative RT-PCR detected VvSCL14-Like expression in dormant buds.No expression in berries was found in three main developmental stages.Berry transcriptomic data revealed that exogenous GA3 application did not lead to significant difference expression on 1, 3 and 7 day after treatment.Bioinformatics analysis showed that VvSCL14-Like promoter has multi-acting elements involving in responses to exogenous hormones and stress resistance.The GUS staining displayed GUS expressions in hypocotyls at the early stage of Arabidopsis seedling development.The GUS expression was found in petioles and leaf veins of transformed young Arabidopsis after 48 h GA3 or NaCl treatments.The GUS expression was found in the root of transformed Arabidopsis after 15 days stop irrigation.These results indicate that VvSCL14-Like gene is of tissue-specific expression pattern.It might be involved in response to exogenous gibberellins (GA3) and abiotic stress, but not act as a main regulatory element in berry enlargement process of seedless grape mediated by exogenous gibberellins (GA3).Keywords：grape;VvSCL;14-;Like;gene;GA;3;treatment;salt stress;drought stress4|12|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：This paper focused on the impact of PP333 on the expression of FT gene and floral bud formation.The solution of 2 mg/gL PP333 was sprayed on two-year-old peach trees of Prunus persica cvs 01-04-190, 03-15-065 and 03-30-035.The measured parameters included the number and ratio of floral buds and the dynamic changes of the FT gene expression in the leaves.Under natural condition, FT gene was actively expressed from May 5 to May 26, but almost ceased after June 23.After foliar sprays of PP333 on April 28 and May 12, neither 01-04-190 or 03-15-065 had increases in the amount and the ratio of floral buds.The FT gene expression was significantly decreased by PP333.Foliar spray of PP333 during May 25 and July 7 induced in significant up-regulation of FT gene expression and significant increase in both amount and ratio of floral bud.Foliar spray of PP333 later than July 21 inhibited FT gene expression but significantly enhanced the amount and ratio of floral buds.Keywords：peach;PP333;FT;gene;floral buds4|11|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：By altering two donor vectors of multi-gene assembly vector system based on Cre/LoxP recombination, the donor vectors compatible Gateway system were generated including pYLd1GW/pYLd2GW, pYLd1GW35s/pYLd2GW35s, pYLd1GWMPK/pYLd2GWMPK.Two donor vectors pYLd1GWMdSPDS1 and pYLd2GWCBF1 were obtained from the modified Gateway compatible vectors.The two genes were cloned in the acceptor vector pYL1305 named pYL1305MC.The double-gene vector was transformed into tobacco through agrobacterium-mediated leaf disc transformation.The analysis of transgenic tobacco with PCR and GUS staining were shown that the double-gene was integrated into tobacco genome.The results of real-time PCR were indicated that the expression level of two transgenes in six transgenic tobacco plants was varied significantly, however, the varying trend of the two genes in expression level was not much different.Keywords：tobacco;vector;multi-gene;Gateway;assembly3|9|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：The atmospheric CO2 concentration has increased to 400 μmol/mol from preindustrial 280 μmol/mol, and it will be increasing.As one of the main substrates of photosynthesis, elevated atmospheric CO2 affected crops photosynthetic physiology and yield formation.Taking two rice varieties in North China, Songjing 9 and Daohuaxiang 2, as materials, field experiment was conducted by using Free-Air CO2 Enrichment (FACE) system in Changping Agricultural Experiment Station.The experiment was designed two CO2 treatments of 600 μmol/mol and 400 μmol/mol, and two film treatments of with covering film and without covering film.The results showed that elevated CO2 concentration increased the rice leaf net photosynthetic rate, water use efficiency, biomass above ground and yield, the covering film strengthened the effect.However, the transpiration rate and stomatal conductance decreased with high concentration CO2 treatment, covering film also alleviated the effect.The results indicated that under the covering film treatment of temperature rising, elevated CO2 concentration fasten the photosynthetic capacity of rice growth and yield, and improved the adaptive capacity of rice under the environment of elevated CO2 concentration.Keywords：rice;yield;free-air carbon dioxide enrichment (FACE);net photosynthetic rate;film-covering treatment7|10|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Based on the climate data of annual average temperature and precipitation during 1961 to 2011 in the middle arid region of Ningxia such as Yanchi, Tongxin and Haiyuan county, characteristics and rules of climate changes were analysed in the research area.And the spring maize's potential productivity and its changes were calculated with Miami and Thornthwaite Memorial Model.The influence of climate change on climate potential productivity was evaluated in this paper.The results indicated that research area was of warm-dry weather, and with increase in average temperature, but low fluctuation in precipitation decreased.The temperature potential productivity of spring maize annually increased while precipitation and climate potential productivity decreased with fluctuation.The average climate potential productivity value was 5 037 kg/(hm2·a) in the research area, and significantly and linearly related to annual average precipitation, but not to annual average temperature.The precipitation might be therefore the key factor which restrict the spring maize's climate potential productivity in this region.Our results may imply that climatic change would play a remarkable role in spring maize climatic potential productivity.The precipitation change may have stronger impact on spring maize climate potential productivity than temperature.Precipitation and its change will become more and more influence in spring maize's climate potential productivity.Therefore, it is essential to develop new agricultural technology and suitable arrangement of crops for adapting climate change, so as to guarantee yield and quality of spring maize.Keywords：spring maize;climate change;crop potential productivity;middle arid region of ningxia5|12|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：In order to research the resistance and the germplasm resource value of wild Prunus ferganensis to acidity, alkalinity and salinity, the experiment used 360 seedlings, which were treated with pH 3.5 H3PO4 solution and pH 9.5 KOH solution for 16 days, and with 0.4% NaCl solution for 30 days.The results showed from the three following aspects.1) Wild P.ferganensis seedlings had extremely high resistance to acidity and there were significant differences among them.The corresponding percentages of extremely high resistance, high resistance and medium resistance were 86%, 9% and 5% respectively.2) Wild P.ferganensis seedlings had extremely high resistance to alkalinity and the differences were significant.The seedlings could only be separated into two types, including extremely high resistance and high resistance.The percentage of extremely high resistant plants was up to 98%.3) Wild P.ferganensis seedlings had weak resistance to salinity.The seedlings were widely segregated.The corresponding percentages of extremely high resistance, high resistance, medium resistance, weak resistance and extremely weak resistance were 8%, 9%, 19%, 61% and 3% respectively.The results indicate that wild P.ferganensis is a good rootstock species and a germplasm resource with excellent resistance to acidity, alkalinity and salinity.Keywords：Prunus ferganensis;resistance to acidity;resistance to alkalinity;resistance to salinity;resistance evaluation3|6|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：In order to study the death of the part branches or the whole plant in Pear production, the physiological indexes for cold resistance were measured and explored during cold stress.Pyrus betulaefolia Bge, Pyrus calleryana D.Dcne., Pyrus sinkiangensis Yu.Shanshan zhenmu Jujuli, Pyrus communis L. Qiligen amute, Pyrus communis L.Akesu zhenmu Amute, Pyrus armeniacaefolia Yu.Tacheng yesheng Xingyeli, Pyrus sinkiangensis Yu.Kuerle Huangsuanli were taken as the experimental materials, electrolyte-(REC), malondialdehyde (MDA)-, soluble protein-, soluble sugar- and free proline (Pro)- contents as well as other physiological indexes under the low temperature stress(-18, -21, -24, -27 and -30 ℃)were measured.A Logistic equation was adopted to determine the pear rootstock species semi-lethal temperature (LT50) and degree of fit in order to assess cold-resistance of 7 kinds of pear rootstock by the comprehensive evaluation and subordinate function values.Results showed that REC increased by low temperature stress following an S-curve and the LT50 was between -26.8 and -52.8 ℃, the MDA and soluble sugar levels showed that increased at the beginning and then decreased, the soluble protein content decreased, free proline content showed alternating between decrease and increase.According to the method of subordinate function, and the subordinate function values, 7 kinds of pear rootstock cold hardiness strength is determined as follows:Pyrus betulaefolia Bge. > Pyrus communis L.Akesu zhenmu Amute > Pyrus armeniacaefolia Yu.Tacheng yesheng Xingyeli > Pyrus sinkiangensis Yu.Kuerle Huangsuanli > Pyrus communis L.Qiligen Amute.> Pyrus sinkiangensis Yu.Shanshan zhenmu Jujuli > Pyrus calleryana D.Dcne.Keywords：pear;rootstocks;low temperature stress;semi-lethal temperature (LT;50;);evaluation of cold hardiness2|7|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Four commercial fertilizers of Zhongyuan, Saizhong 28, Zhonghe and BGA were applied in‘Housui Pear’.The measured parameters were growth index, development of trees, fruit nutritional quality, soil physical and chemical properties.The results showed that the plant used ‘Zhongyuan’ organic fertilizer had higher values of shoot length, pigment content in leaves, single fruit weight, fruit firmness, TSS, SOD activity, fruit flavonoid and soil total N, available K, organic matter and microorganism, but low TA in fruits, compared to other commercial organic fertilizers and homemade compost.The plant added with organic fertilizer‘Saizhong 28’and‘Zhonghe’were higher in the index of specific leaf weight, fruit SOD activity and soil microorganism than CK.The‘BGA’organic fertilizer significantly increased the concentrations of Chl.a and Chlb in leaves and fruit flavonoid.The effects of four commercial organic fertilizers on plant are in the order of ‘Zhongyuan’organic fertilizer > ‘Saizhong 28’, ‘Zhonghe’ =‘BGA’Commercial organic fertilizers>homemade compost.Keywords：pear;commercial organic fertilizer;growth and development;fruit nutritional quality2|9|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：This study was concerned on the response of different-root-grafting (G1) to moderate deficient irrigation (12 m3/667 m2, W1).The cucumber "Zhongnong No.26" (Cucumis sativas L.) was used as the test material, and self-root grafted cucumber (G0) under appropriate irrigation (20 m3/667 m2, W2) as control.The results showed that, compared to self-root grafted cucumber the different-root-grafting under moderate deficient irrigation condition had stronger growth and higher N, P and K contents, 49.6%-53.3%, 16.7%-29.0% and 32.2%-40.5% respectively, .The total plant biomass and fruit yield were significantly higher under different-root-grafting than that under self-root-grafting.The different-root-grafting could thus improve cucumber growth and enhance nutrient absorption and dry matter accumulation under moderate deficient irrigation condition.In addition, different-root-grafting can enhance water-saving quantity by decreasing irrigation quantity and may be used as one of the effective water saving techniques.Keywords：cucumber;water deficient;different-root grafting;vegetative growth;nutrient absorption0|7|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Accurate simulation of plant development is an important component in crop simulation models since many biochemical actions change with plant development stage.Thus, it is important to find the advantages and disadvantages of each model when applied at different conditions.This study was therefore conducted to evaluate three approaches of thermal time, physiological development time and exponential sine equation for predicting crop development stages.Four greenhouse cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) experiments were carried out in different cropping seasons.The root mean square errors (RMSE) of greenhouse cucumber in initial flowering stage, fruiting stage and mature stage for each approach were 0.8-2.4 days for exponential sine equation (Malo's equation), (Td) 0.8-6.1 and 0.8-7.0 days (Th) for physiological development time and 1.3-6.2 days for thermal time (GDD).These results suggest that Malo's equation might be suitable to predict greenhouse cucumber development stages under the environment with a wide range of photoperiods and temperatures.Keywords：cucumber;development stage;thermal time;exponential sine equation6|7|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：In order to systematically understand the research situation of yak mitochondrial genome (mtDNA), explore the limitations of previous studies and to provide perspectives for the future development of yak genome research, the author summarised the yak mtDNA research progress during the last 20 years.Since the late 1980 s, mtDNA, as a powerful molecular marker, has been used to explore the origin and domestication, genetic diversity, migration, demographic history, taxonomic status, adaptation mechanisms and phylogeny of the yak.While some important progress has been made, population genomics using whole mtDNA sequences, mitochondrial transcriptomics and proteomics, understanding the interaction and regulation between the nuclear and mitochondrial genomes, and the relationship between mitochondrial genome sequences and quantitative traits, are areas that need more focus in this regionally important domestic species.Keywords：Yak;mitochondrial genome;genetic diversity;origin;phylogeny1|7|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：This experiment was conducted to study the effect of rumen-protected choline (RPC) and propyleneglycol (PG) on milk yield and health status for high productive dairy cows in periparturient.Forty-four healthy Holstein cows with similar parity, expected calving date and milk yield were blocked into 22 pairs and then randomly allocated to either one of 2 treatments.Both groups received the same basal diet.All cows were daily drenched with 500 mL of PG from 7 days before the expected calving date till 7 days after calving.Meanwhile, the treatment group were also drenched with 20 g/head of RPC from 14 days before the expected calving date till 28 days after calving.The results showed that supplementing high productive dairy cows in periparturient with RPC and PG had no significant effect on DHI corrected milk yield (P>0.05), while there was some active effect on the somatic cell counts (SCC) by 17.98% decrease without a significant difference (P>0.05), furthermore, there was no effect on disease status with no difference on the incidence of ketosis, mastitis, abomasum displacement and enteritis, etc.(P>0.05) and there was no significant difference (P>0.05) on the content of both plasma triglyceride (TG) and β-hydroxybutyric acid (BHBA) between treatments on the time-point of calving, day 7 postcalving and day 14 postcalving.These results indicate that under the condition of this experiment, compared to supplementing PG alone, RPC and PG supplementation for high productive dairy cows in periparturient has little obviously improving effect on milk yield and health status, thus, considering the economic benefit, it doesn't suggest to have RPC and PG supplementation simultaneously.Keywords：cows;rumen-protected choline;propyleneglycol;periparturient;milk performance;health status0|9|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Brucellosis is a zoonotic disease that endanger the health of human and animal.The infected animals and contaminated livestock products are the source of human brucellosis.At the present stage, vaccination is the main measure for animal brucellosis prevention and control.The available international reference vaccines are Brucella abortus strain S19 and Brucella melitensis strain Rev.1.Although both vaccines are proven to be an effective vaccine against animal brucellosis, they also have some technological bottlenecks which may cause abortion in pregnant animals and interfere with the diagnosis by standard serodiagnostic methods.Along with the completion of the genome sequencing of Brucella and the development of DNA recombination technology, the development of novel brucellosis vaccines becomes a hot spot in research.Due to their enhanced safety and efficacy in animal models, subunit vaccines for brucellosis show a great promise for their application in livestock.This review summarizes the history of brucellosis vaccine development and the research progress of brucellosis subunit vaccines.Keywords：brucellosis;vaccine;subunit vaccine;research progress0|9|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Bioinformatics softwares were used to predict and analyse the biological properties of plnBCD encoded proteins in Lactobacillus paraplantarum L-XM1, the functions of PlnBCD were also predicted.The physical and chemical properties, hydrohobicity, phospholyration sites, conserved domain, secondary structure information of the plnBCD encoded proteins were predicted using RPS-Blast, InterProscan, TMHMM Server, etc..Three-dimensional structure models were constructed using Swiss-Model homology modeling.The results showed that plnB encoded protein was a hydrophobic protein, and located in the plasma membrane, with six transmembrane regions and 21 phosphorylation sites, one HATPase_c domain, which was consistent with the basic nature of most histidine protein kinase.α-helix and extended chains were the main secondary structure elements of plnB encoded protein.The spatial model of this protein was consistent with the histidine protein kinase.Both plnC and plnD encoded proteins were hydrophilic proteins, without transmembrane regions, located in the cytoplasm, and both were found with a REC domain and a LytTR domain.Both spatial models of plnC and plnD encoded proteins were similar to the response regulatory protein. Therefore, we predict that proteins encoded by plnBCD of strain L-XM1 are components of quorum sensing system.The bioinformatics analysis of plnBCD provide a reference for finding a new quorum sensing system and a deep understanding of the functions of quorum-sensing components.Keywords：Lactobacillus paraplantarum;bioinformatics analysis;homology modeling;quorum-sensing system0|8|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：To increase the viable bacteria count of freeze-dried powder of staphylococcus, and to further prepare high quality meat starter powder of staphylococcus. Staphylococcus sciuri SL4 obtained in previous study was taken as object due to its excellent fermentation capacity to optimize its cell collection conditions, cryoprotectant formula and initial cell concentration.The results showed that the optimal centrifuge speed and time were 6 000 r/min and 10 min, the cryoprotectant formulation consisted of 100 g/L nonfat milk powder, 23.56 g/L glycerin, 50 g/L mannitol and 51.68 g/L trehalose, the initial cell concentration was 109 CFU/mL.The survival rate of Staphylococcus sciuri SL4 after vacuum freeze-drying could reach 95% under the optimized conditions.Keywords：Staphylococcus sciuri;starter cultures;vacuum freeze-drying;cryoprotective0|7|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Irrigation water efficiency assessment index reflects the irrigation project status, the irrigation water management level and irrigation technique level.However, there is no universal assessment index system for all types of irrigation areas.In this paper, on the basis of the abundant practical investigation, combining the actual situation of irrigation area, the irrigation water efficiency assessment index was put forward and corresponding calculation formula was defined.Referring to the advanced irrigation water use efficiency both domestic and abroad, water use efficiency classification was determined, and gradation standards for large-sized, medium-sized and small-sized irrigation area were proposed.Based on fuzzy theory, a model for irrigation water use efficiency evaluation was established, and it was applied to typical irrigation area as a case study.The result shows that irrigation water efficiency of Ganqiaowan irrigation area is close to high level, meanwhile Shuangshuxiqu irrigation area and Tangjiaoqu irrigation area are a little bit higher level, and the others are medium level or less than medium level.That the result is consistent with the actual situation verifies the rationality and practicality of the above assessment index, standards and model.Keywords：irrigation water;efficiency;evaluation index;evaluation model;gradation standards0|7|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Aiming at exploring the 3D modeling method of maize based on terrestrial LiDAR, 3D Alpha-Shape algorithm and marching cubes algorithm were used.The Delaunay was built based on discrete terrestrial LiDAR data in 3D Alpha-Shape algorithm.And the Alpha value was used to judg if the Simplex was deleted.In marching cubes algorithm, the intersected patches resulting from individual cube and equivalent surface were found.When the Alpha value was set as 0.006 290, 0.012 638, 0.018 635, the detail structure of maize was presented fine using large Alpha value but it was incomplete using small Alpha value.The 3D modeling of maize plant was smooth with few holes using marching cubes method, however the structure of which was incomplete.Keywords：maize;terrestrial LiDAR;3D modeling;3D Alpha-Shape;marching cubes0|8|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：In order to develop a new generation of final residual current protective device which has been widely used in low-voltage rural power grid, and aiming at complexity and uncertainty of constitution for total leakage current spectrum in transient process of biological electric fault, the higher order statistics was used to analysis the digital characteristic of detection signals.The method to describe indicators was proposed for current changing process of total leakage current.The simulation results showed that the total leakage current signal appeared positive deviation was 52.4% through numerical calculation, and the negative deviation was 47.6%.There was 53.2% current signals that changed the positive and negative direction before electric shock.While the electric shock occurred, the variation rate of kurtosis numerical for three accounting cycle were 91.7%、7.4% and 96.3% respectively.Calculating information entropy was between 2.25 and 3.26.The entropy was increased 55% at the beginning of the faults of electric shock, and 73.4% during stationary phase after electric shock.Due to the high significance of the digital characteristics of higher order statistics, it could be used to describe the trends and laws of the total leakage current characteristics in biological shock failure process.Keywords：low-voltage rural power grid;residual current protection;shock current;high order statistics0|7|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Urban-industrial land is an important carrier of economic development.In order to reveal the relationship between the land and economy, the econometric analysis method was used to check and analyse the relationship from 2001 to 2011 in Gansu Province.The results showed that there was not any long-run equilibrium relationship between the two objects.But it was undeniable that they had a strong correlation from 2001 to 2011. The change of urban-industrial land was the Granger causality of economic growth at the first delaying period.There was a two-way causality the change of urban-industrial land and the economic growth at the second delaying period.The secondary and tertiary industry development was not the Granger causality of the urban-industrial land change.The urban-industrial land change was the Granger causality of the secondary and tertiary industry development.But urbanization and urban-industrial land change was not a significant Granger causality. Urban-industrial land contributed little, less than 1%, to the economic growth.In contrast, the economic growth greatly influenced the change of urban industrial land scale.accounting for more than 90%, which overall showing gradual decrease trend.The development of secondary and tertiary industries increasingly and strongly influenced urban-industrial land.Vice versa, urban-industrial land stimulated secondary and tertiary industries.Urbanization's contribution had obvious influence in the use change of urban-industrial land.The use change of urban- industrial land largely and increasingly influenced urbanization.Keywords：urban industrial land;economic development;dynamic effects;Gansu Province1|7|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Some regions have implemented the policy of the economic compensation on cultivated land protection, such as Guangdong province, Sichuan province.To get the farmers'response to the economic compensation policy, the logistic regressive model was set up to analyze the factors affecting the farmers'satisfaction to the fund of cultivated land protection in this paper.The affecting factors were divided into 4 groups:personal characteristic factors, family characteristic factors, understanding of the policy and effects of the policy.The results showed that:1) 49.76 percent of the farmers were satisfied with the implementation of cultivated land protection fund;2) The perception of farmers on the effects of the capital investment on cultivated land and the rural elder security played the most important role in the satisfaction to the fund of cultivated land protection.When other variables were constant, every one unit increased in the effect on rural elder security, the possibility of "dissatisfied", " general", "satisfied", "very satisfied" would increase by 69.1% with respect to "very dissatisfied".The higher fragmentation degree of crop land was, the worse the evaluation would be.The index of livelihood diversity was another important factor affecting the evaluation towards the fund of cultivated land protection.The stronger ability to resist risks, the higher evaluation towards the fund of cultivated land protection was.Keywords：cultivated land;fund of protection;satisfaction;the logistic regressive model0|9|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：The members of fruit and vegetable supply chain usually have little willingness to transfer real information about quality, freshness and other related information of their products.This will lead to information asymmetry.Then the members of downstream supply chain have to bear most of the risk.In view of the above unreasonable fact, this paper chose farming-supermarket docking supply chain as research subject and established the risk-sharing model of fruit and vegetable supply chain based on the principal-agent theory.This model contained variable r which meant the degree of risk-sharing effort.Based on this model, the farmer and the supermarket would form a principal-agent contract which took the factor of the farmer's risk-sharing effort into consideration.Comparing this contract with the original contract, this paper drew the conclusion that the new contract would increase the farmer's income and reduce the farmer's risk.The new contract was more reasonable.So the farmer is suggested to transfer more information to the supermarket and share the risk for maximizing the benefit of the supply chain.Keywords：fruit and vegetable supply chain;principal-agent;information asymmetry;risk sharing1|8|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：To master the pig farms (households) and the influencing factors of vertical coordination level, based on the survey data of 217 pig farms (households) from six districts in Beijing, a logistic binary discrete model was used in this study to analyse the main factors which influence the selection of vertical coordination modes for pig farms (households).The results showed that the vertical coordination between pig farms (households) and pig traders was relatively loose, and there were several factors influencing this selection significantly, which included the breeding scale, the identity and risk preference of householders, the difficulty level for controlling disease, whether maintaining steady customer relationship, market price fluctuations and the grasp degree for market information.To improve the quality and safety of pork, it is suggested that the government strengthen policy measures to improve the level of pig industry chain vertical cooperation within the main bodies.Keywords：pig;farms (households);vertical coordination;influencing factors;Logistic model0|7|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：The purpose of the study is to understand and master the influential factors of pig farmers'establishing an eco-industrial chain so as to promote the development of circular economy in the pig industry.Based on the survey data collected from Hubei, Tianjin, Jiangxi, Guangxi, Henan and Guangdong, this study was conducted and an binary logistic regression analysis on the influential factors of pig farmers'establishing the eco-industrial chain was carried out using the SPSS 17.0.The results showed that many factors affected the pig farmers to establish the eco-industrial chain.These factors mainly included farmers'operating years, operating income, farming scale, level of education, their cognition of environmental pollution and the government subsidy policy, etc..Keywords：pig Industry;eco-industrial chain;influential factors6|7|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Based on the survey data of farmers in Inner Mongolia, Liaoning and Shanxi, the technical efficiency of farmers'cashmere production by using the stochastic frontier production function model was estimated in the paper, and the effect of characteristics of farmer and its family members, farmer's feeding characteristics, social-economic conditions and regional differences on the technical efficiency was further analyzed.The research results indicated that the average technical efficiency of farmers'cashmere production equaled to 0.770, which meant there exited a significant technical inefficiency.The age of household head, feeding years, feeding scale, whether accepting technical training, and whether getting government support had a significant positive effect on the technical efficiency.The technical efficiency of farmers using the semi-stabling feeding mode was significantly higher than that of farmers using the stocking feeding mode.There didn't exit a significant difference of farmers'technical efficiency in Inner Mongolia and Liaoning, and the technical efficiency of farmers in Shanxi was significantly lower than that of farmers in Liaoning.Based on the study, corresponding policy recommendations are put forward in the paper, such as technical training, government supporting and credit supporting.Keywords：cashmere;farmer;technical efficiency;influencing factors0|8|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：On the basis of the retrospect of the calculation of premium rate of agricultural insurance, using the actuarial mode and APH, the regional broiler insurance rate was estimated according to the data of Beipiao city, Liaoning province during 2008-2011.The main conclusions were as follows:in the security level of 90%, the pure rate of broiler insurance against all risks was 1.99%;after adjustment, the pure rate of broiler insurance was 1.94%;considering the insurance company management costs and reasonable profits, the cross premium rate was 2.70%.The rate of premium was a little lower than actual rate of premium in Jiangsu province (3%) and Henan province (3.75), while higher than the actual rate of premium in Beijing (1%).The results can be a reference for the decision of regional broiler insurance rate.Keywords：broiler;insurance;the calculation of premium rate;APH;actuarial mode0|7|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：The binary logistic regression model was used in this paper to make an empirical analysis on influencing factors of the first repayment source according to the data of farmers in Qishan, Shan'xi province.The influencing factors in credit rating of farmers'loans were analyzed based on regression results.The results indicated that gender of farmers, household income, whether loans satisfy their needs, loan purpose, whether having government discount, ages of farmers, family size, loan period and whether there were natural disasters, had obvious influences on the first repayment source.The application of influencing factors of the first repayment source in credit rating of farmers'loans was feasible and effective.The research conclusion suggests that rural financial institutions should provide different financial products and services based on the obvious influencing factors mentioned above, release corresponding plans to promote the proportion of the first repayment source on the basis of considering individual characteristics of local farmers.Keywords：household;loan;first resource of repayment;influencing factors;credit rating1|8|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：The study focused on the assessment of ex-post trade effect of FTA, and tried to build a complete analytical framework to measure and decompose the trade effect.Based on the basic gravity model, from the perspective of variables introduced, trade effect decomposition and model application, it discussed the existed problems and solutions of the gravity model when used to FTA trade effect measurement.The research results showed that:the three-way fixed effect model which contained country pair, importer-year and exporter-year could control the endogenesis of FTA efficiently;the extension of FTA dummy variable in time dimension could dynamically reflects the FTA yearly trade effects;based on the simplified assumptions, the model could be used for the analysis of trade effects under different situations by compressing dimensions, and the feasibility had been verified.Keywords：free trade agreement;trade creation;trade diversion;measures0|7|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Based on the systematic analysis of the data from the agricultural cooperatives in North America, the developing trends of the New Generation Cooperatives and Limited Cooperative Association were studied.The results showed that through a series of organization system innovation, agricultural cooperatives in North America extended the industrial chain and enhanced their market competitiveness.They adjusted the basic regulations and accepted the investment outside the system, and protected the interests of patrons by improving related mechanism.These successful experiences would be good for Chinese farmers to do some similar reforms to their cooperatives, such as absorbing external investment and extending downstream of industry chain for enhancing their competitiveness in the market.Chinese farmer cooperatives should also perfect the governance structure, earnings distribution system and coordinate the relationship between patron members and investment members.Keywords：cooperative;North America;limited cooperative association;trend0|7|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
