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- Abstract：In a world seeking solutions to its energy,environmental,and food challenges,we cannot afford to miss out on the global greenhouse-gas emission reductions and the local environmental and societal benefits when biofuel are appropriately manipulated.On the other hand,undesirable impacts due to abuse of biofuel on food security,environment,and society were also unacceptable.Based on ensuring food security and protecting environment principles,the paper firstly clarified the relationship between land use and food security in China,indicating a great quantity of abandoned agricultural land and polluted land that is not suitable for food production,but potentially suitable for energy plant production.Secondly,the study suggested a win-win path to optimize and intensify land use for food and energy production,in order to improve food security,developing biomass energy,and protecting environment synchronously in the country.Thirdly,the non-food land suitable for energy plant production (LSEP) was defined properly after a discussion on the characteristics of polluted land,abandoned agricultural land,unused land,and etc.according to the national situation.The NLSEP was classified into non-grain cultivated land for energy plant production (NC-LSEP),orchard land suitable for energy plant production (O-LSEP),forest land suitable for energy plant production (F-LSEP),waste grass land suitable for energy plant production (WG-LSEP),transportation and virescence land suitable for energy plant production (TV-LSEP),water area and facility land suitable for energy plant production (WAF-LSEP),and the other unused land suitable for energy plant production (OU-LSEP).Finally,the authors suggested further studies on the criteria of non-food and suitability for energy plant production in order to identify NLSEP area and distribution.Keywords：energy plant;agricultural land;marginal land;environment0|7|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：In order to reduce the dependency on imported petroleum oil and cope with the issues arose by combustion of fossil energy resource,such as air pollution and emission of greenhouse gas,bio-energy industry is developed throughout the world.Taking into account the fact that energy crop cultivation may result in higher food price and arising food security issue,in China,with combination of scarcity of arable lands and a great population,the principle of bio-energy development is defined as "non competing food with people,and no competing lands with food crops".Many authors suggested to grow energy plants on marginal lands.As most marginal lands are too much fragmented to suit large-scale growth,harvest and transportation of energy crops,potential lands for energy crops were focused on grassland and barren lands.The natural precipitation in the arid and semi-arid regions is not sufficient for vigorous plant growth,and intensive large-scale culture of annual energy crops relies mainly on irrigation with consumption of large quantity of water resource,which amounts to the competition of food with people and lands with food crops.In addition,it may cause issues as reduction of biodiversity and lead to destruction of vegetation,desertification and induce secondary soil salinization.All this will impact the animal husbandry and the people living on the grassland,not only it is contradiction with current laws and regulation such as "Act of grassland of the Republic of China",also it displaces rather than resolves the problems.In the present paper,impact of large-scale intensive culture of energy plants especially in the (semi)-arid regions on resource,ecological environments was analysed.According to the current related laws and regulations,approval policy of large scale culture of energy plants on marginal lands in arid and semi-arid regions is proposed in order to provide guidance for health and sustainable bio-energy development.Keywords：energy crop;semi-arid and arid region;grassland;marginal lands;water resource0|8|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Lignocellulosic herbaceous plant has the potential to be cultivated on marginal land in large scale for a long run,for the sustainable production and supply of biomass feedstock in China in the future.Potential problems,due to the intensive production of biomass feedstock and the habitats of marginal land,would exert negative influences on its sustainable production.Based on the large-scale cultivation of lignocellulosic herbaceous plant on marginal land in Beijing suburb,the sustainable production techniques were proposed,namely,species screening,conservation tillage,mixed cultivation,water and fertilizer management,non-weeding,biomass harvest,etc.The sustainable production model of lignocellulosic herbaceous plant was constructed and the main research work on sustainable production technique was proposed,which would provide theoretical basis and technical support for the sustainable production and supply of non-food biomass feedstock on marginal land in China.Keywords：lignocellulosic;non-food biomass;marginal land;production model1|9|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：The genetic differences among 22 germplasm resource were analyzed useing fluorescent polymorphic simple sequence repeats(SSRs)and inter-simple sequence repeats(ISSRs)to identify their genetic diversity.Polymorphic ISSR and SSR primers were screened,each with 12 pairs.The results showed that 12 ISSR primer pairs produced 216 polymorphic bands(96.86%),Nei's gene heterozygosity was 0.301 8,Shannon index was 0.462 8;12 SSR primer pairs produced 111 polymorphic loci(67.68%),Nei's gene heterozygosity was 0.111 5,Shannon index was 0.193 3.UPGMA cluster analysis indicated that 22 germplasm resource,in addition to Miscanthus floridulus,the Miscanthus sinensis,Triarrherca sacchariflora and Triarrhena lutarioriparia in the same geographic area can not be effectively identified in genetics;there were some correlations between Miscanthus & Triarrhena and geographic distribution.Mantel test revealed that the correlation of genetic similarity matrix between ISSRs and SSRs was not significant(r=0.374,P > 0.05)for 22 species.Keywords：Miscanthus;Triarrhena;ISSR markers;SSR markers;genetic diversity1|7|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Crop residue will bring a remarkable economical,environmental and social benefits when they are utilized industrially as an important non-food biomass feedstock in large-scale.However,prior to industrial utilization,it is necessary to analyze the cost of production in order to ensure the economic viability.This present study discussed the economics of the wheat residue logistic system including collection,storage,transportation based on the field practices of Henan Tianguan enterprise group.In order to provide scientific guide to reduce the production cost,the factors which influence total cost of wheat residue logistic chain was analyzed using Monte Carlo method.The results showed that,in descending order,the highest total cost of the four investigated wheat residue supply patterns is from manual scattered mode,manual baled mode,mechanical scattered mode,mechanical baled mode,with the cost of 298,265,252,222 CNY/t,respectively.Monte Carlo simulation results showed that the influence of farmer labor price and manual collection rate on the total cost have reached significant level;whereas the effect of harvest rate and sustainable removable yield on the total cost did not show significant difference.Keywords：biomass;logistic cost;wheat straw;Monte Carlo simulation;Powersim1|8|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：The world is looking forward to the convertion of lignocellulose into bioethanol efficiently.This study applied a new approach to utilize composite microbial system for saccharification directly.The experiment expanded in the pilot scale of 3 m3.Experiment results showed that the highest enzyme activities were obtained when stirring rate was 0 rpm,and substrate loading rate was 3%.The highest cellulase and hemicellulase were obtained af day 6 after cultivation.The key enzyme activities in the fermentation broth were detected,CMCase was 3.43 IU/ml and Xylanase was 15.18 IU/ml.The weight loss of cellulose,hemicellulose and lignin were 71.3%,90.6% and 51.7%,respectively.After 6 days of fermentation,the crude enzyme were obtained and used for saccharification directly.The results showed that the concentration of reducing sugar significantly increased to 125 mg/g,which was more than 15 times than that in the fermentation broth.It peaked to 150.73 mg/g when the substrate loading rate was 6%.A small amount of organic acid was produced during saccharification,which were also the soluble small molecule compounds which would be used for biogas.This study provided a new idea and method of a low cost saccharification.Keywords：lignocellulose;composite microbial system;cellulolytic enzyme system;saccharification1|8|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：With ethanol as reaction medium,concentrated sulfuric acid as catalyst,raw material-mao bamboo powder was liquefied into bio-oil in a high-pressure reaction kettle.Analysis was conducted to throw light on the effects of reaction temperature,reaction time,catalyst dosage,ratio of liquid to solid on bamboo powder liquefaction yield;FT-IR was applied to examine raw material,residue and surface functional groups of this bio-oil,whose chemical composition was further analyzed through the use of GC-MS.The results of single factor experiments indicated that the above-mentioned four types of impacts on the bamboo powder liquefaction yield have their own preferred values,respectively,reaction temperature 160 ℃,reaction time 40 min,catalyst mass fraction 2%,the ratio of liquid to solid 12:1 g/g.The orthogonal experiment showed that the significance of the effects of four factors on liquefaction yield can be expressed like this:reaction temperature>reaction time>ratio of liquid to solid>catalyst dosage.The inspection experiment performed under optimal conditions demonstrated that liquefaction yield can reach 86.44% on average.The FT-IR analysis of bio-oil from bamboo powder and solid residue revealed that compared with lignin,much more holocelluloses were liquefied from bamboo powder,while GC-MS analysis showed that the oil produced this way is complex in composition,with some major compounds such as alcohols,phenols,alkanes,ketones,acids,esters.Keywords：bamboo;ethanol;liquefaction;biomass;characteristics of products0|7|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Standards for non-food forest biomass material play an important role in the construction of biomass energy industry.However,until now China has not yet established its non-food biomass material standards system and there is little research in this aspect.By analyzing the situation of present standardization and the characteristics of material itself,the paper proposes principles and methods for China's non-food biomass material standards system and constructs a standard system in the following five areas: basic support,raw material products,raw material cultivation,harvest storage and transportation and the environmental protection.Finally,it puts forward some ideas and suggestions for China's forest biomass material standardization in future.Keywords：forestry;biomass;energy industry;standards system1|8|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：With the intensification of the fossil energy crisis and the environmental pollution,the exploitation and utilization of energy plant has become into the trend.To ascertain the species and distribution of the energy plant,non-food biodiesel plants (NFBP) in Daxinganling region were investigated based on the field research and related literature analysis.There were 132 species of NFBP belonging to 37 families 92 genera in this region,of which 2 families 4 genera 8 species were gymnosperm,and 34 families 87 genera 114 species were dicotyledon,and one family 1genera 1species were monocotyledon.There were 49 species of woody types in which 22 species were arbor,and the others shrub; there were 74 herbal species.Non-food biodiesel plant were abundant and diversified in Daxinganling region,it has an attractive potential for developing energy plants in this region.Finally,the characteristics of NFBP resources in Daxinganling region were analyzed.According to these findings,some suggestions were put forward in the protection and utilization of NFBP.Keywords：biomass;biodiesel;resources;exploitation and utilization;Daxinganling region1|7|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：This paper is concerned on the effect of temperature and light on strawberry in a three-dimensional culture system.Strawberry (Fragaria×ananassa,‘Akihime’) were planted in ordinary hanging culture shelf,double H hanging culture shelf and A word hanging culture shelf respectively in a greenhouse.The photosynthetic active radiation and temperature at different shelves and different layers in one shelf were evaluated.The yield and fruit quality of strawberry were also determined.The results showed that different hanging culture shelves had quite different light and temperature conditions.The ordinary hanging culture shelf,the upper layer of double H hanging culture shelf and the upper layer of A word hanging culture shelf had better photosynthetic active radiation and temperature condition.The yield was therefore high.The correlation coefficient between photosynthetic active radiation and yield was 0.70.The strawberry fruit from the different shelves had similar soluble solid content,the hardness and average weight per fruit.2|13|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Grapevines are usually propagated by cuttings.The existence of pathogenic fungi Botryosphaeria in the cuttings is one of the main grapevine truck diseases in recent years.In this study,cuttings of two grape varieties collected from Beijing were used as materials in order to identify fungi in grape propagation materials.Temperature and time duration combinations were tested for their potential pathogenic fungi eradication effect in cuttings.The germination and rooting rate of cuttings after the treatments were recorded.Our results demonstrated that both Botryosphaeria and Alternariaare were isolated from four batches of cuttings,in which two were at physiological dormancy and two at environmental dormancy.Other pathogenic fungi such as Fusarium and colletotrichum were identified from one or more batches of cuttings.Hot water treatment for 0.5-5.0 hours at 40 ℃ could not eradication fungi in the cuttings.However,hot water treatment for 0.5 hour at 60 ℃ killed all the buds.When the cuttings were treated for 0.5-5.0 hours at 50 ℃,the fungi in the cuttings were totally eradicated.These treatments improved the germination and rooting rate of the cuttings at physiological dormancy,which was beneficial in winter and early spring grapevine propagation.Our research provided with an effective method for potential pathogenic fungi eradication and nurseries for producing healthy starting material in vineyards.2|9|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：In order to find out an excellent root-stock of sweet cherry resisting to major root-knot nematodes,‘Dayecaoying’ pot-grown seedlings were inoculated with four major root-knot nematodes including Meloidogyne hapla,M.arenaria,M.incognita and M.javanica.The result showed that in 35 days after inoculation,the number of ‘Dayecaoying’ seedlings without root-knots which were inoculated with M.hapla (60),M.arenaria (59),M.incognita (58)and M.javanica(60)were 1,7,2 and 8 on level 0 and 59,52,59 and 52 on level 1.Their disease indexes were 19.7,17.6,19.3 and 17.3 respectively.‘Dayecaoying’ was highly resistant to four kinds of root-knot nematodes according to the standard of resistance evaluation.Immune and highly resistant types were found in the seedling colony of ‘Dayecaoying’.The separated ratios of the seedlings immune to M.hapla,M.arenaria,M.incognita and M.javanica were 1.7%,11.9%,3.4% and 13.3% respectively.Therefore,‘Dayecaoying’ was regarded as an excellent root-stock of sweet cherry and a germplasm resource to root-knot nematodes.Keywords：sweet cherry;root-stock;M.hapla;M.arenaria;M.incognita;M.javanica;resistant evaluation2|7|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：This experiment was aimed at testing accumulations of anthocyanin in the cabbage seedlings and expression of the anthocyanin biosynthetic and regulatory genes under the environmental stimulus of UV-A and UV-B with "Zao Hong" (red cabbage) and "Zhong Gan 11" (green cabbage).The results showed that anthocyanin contents increased up to a peak after 6hs following UV-A and UV-B irradiation treatment in red and green cabbages.Compared to the UV-A treatment,the UV-B treatments was more effective in increasing anthocyanin accumulation.The analysis of the expressions of anthocyanin biosynthetic and regulatory genes showed that the regulatory mechanisms of UV-A and UV-B were different while concerning anthocyanin production and the accumulation mechanisms of red and green cabbages.Moreover,the downstream structure genes of DFR and LDOX were all up-regulated in the treatments.It was evident that the up-regulated expression of the downstream structure genes was closely related to the increase of anthocyanin content during UV-A and UV-B treatments.Keywords：cabbage;anthocyanin;UV-A;UV-B;structural gene;transcription factor5|9|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Nitrogen transformations in soil,closely related to cascades of ecological environment issues,have been regarded as the key compartment in nitrogen biogeochemical cycle.Most current researches have addressed the significance of microbial processes,while increasing evidences have shown that chemical processes also play important roles in soil nitrogen transformations.Chemical nitrogen transformations are widely presumed to be coupled with the redox of iron (Fe),and classified as chemical denitrification,chemical nitrification and chemical immobilization according to the electron transportation and nitrogen fates.In this paper,a review of recent literatures on chemical nitrogen transformations is carried out,based on the redox coupling between the iron and nitrogen cycles.Major influencing factors,such as soil pH,soil interface,organic matter and nitrogen level,are discussed in details.Some prospects are also proposed and highlighted for the related studies in the future.Keywords：soil;nitrogen;nitrification;chemical immobilization;Iron-nitrogen coupling1|7|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：High-temperature aerobic composting was conducted with chicken manure and sawdust as materials.The aim was to study the effect of different initial moistures and composting on ammonium nitrogen and nitrifying bacteria dynamic changes.The results showed that nitrifying bacteria existed among the entire composting process.The community structure of nitrifying bacteria greatly changed at the compost maturity stage.The concentration of ammonium nitrogen was related to nitrifying bacteria species richness and their stability.Ammonium nitrogen might induce in the growth of nitrifying bacteria.The moisture content of the compost was the key factor leading the change of nitrifying bacteria community structure. The data of T-RF150,169 and 343 bp showed the strong adaptability,in which most belonged to the genus and unculturable bacteria.The T3 treatment was benefit to the growth and stability of nitrifying bacteria community.2|11|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：In order to establish a more reasonable fertilization system,improve soil biological fertility and maintain soil sustainable utilization,an experiment was conducted.Corns were planted in conventional no mulch fields and plastic mulch ones,respectively.Different fertilizers were all applied in two modes.Soil microbes,fertility and physo-chemical properties from each soil samples were analyzed.The result showed that: 1)In different periods,soil temperature and moisture showed inconsistent significant differences under both plastic mulch mode and no mulch one.2)The absolute values of effective coefficient from soil microbial index were ranked as follows: bacteria > azotobacterium > actinomycete > fungi,and those from soil physico-chemical characteristics were done: soil organic matter > pH value > hydrolysable nitrogen (N) > total N > total phosphorus (P) > available potassium (K) > available P > soil moisture > soil temperature.A significant negative correlation (r=-0.932 1) was detected between the microbial populations and soil physico-chemical properties under different cultivation mode.3)Different cultivation modes had little impact on the importance of different fertilization treatments.While the N fertilizer was added,the P and K fertilizers had little effect on soil microbes.Compound fertilizer had important impact on soil physico-chemical properties and nutrients.In conlcusion,our results indicated that different cultivation modes influenced soil temperature and moisture only in the early seedling stage and the later mature stage.There were also no significant effects between different cultivation modes and the different fertilization treatments.Complex relationship existed among various microbes,soil physico-chemical properties and nutrient levels.Keywords：corn;cultivation mode;fertilization;soil microbe;soil fertility;correlation1|8|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：In this paper,the effect of different land use patterns on the soil microstructures was studied.Nikon polari-microscope was used to observe the soil regolithes.Observation and quantitative analysis of soil voids were carried out by using the MATLAB and ENVI image processing system.There are 3 results in this study.1)Soil microstructure of profile WL1 which is forest land is spongy,but profile WL1 and WL2 which are garden and vegetable fields are always blocks.2)The mineral composition of the profiles is similar,but the shapes of the soil particles are different.3)Porosity of profile WL1 is higher than that of WL2 and WL3.The former has many area holes,while WL2 and WL3 have many small and medium holes.It is concluded that the soil microstructures of forest are better than that of garden and vegetable fields.The soil microstructures become worse due to unreasonable use and poor management.Parent materials of all the profiles are resemble.The different shapes of soil particles result from the degrees of human interference.Keywords：soil;micromorphological features;land use pattern;Xiaoxishan Mountain of Beijing;proluvial fans0|9|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：In order to guide the microbial land reclamation in coal mining,it is necessary to look for a quick and non-destructive way and thus obtain growth information of plants inoculated with mycorrhiza.The measured parameters included hyperspetral spectra,inocurated rate(IR),hyphal density and chlorophyll content (SPAD values) of soybeans with or without inoculation of arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi (AMF).The results showed that the chlorophyll content of soybean leaf inoculated with AMF was higher than that of the control in each period.The leaf spectra reflectance of the inoculation was apparently lower than that of the control in 550 nm.There was a positive correlation between IR and the chlorophyll content.Smoothing the leaf spectra,the ratio indices were selected by using the sensitive bands for chlorophyll in VIS.The linear models for estimating chlorophyll content were built by using ratio indices as variables.The analysis results indicated that the inversion precision and the stability of chlorophyll content calculated from ratio index MCARI were better than those from other index.The absolute error was 2.504,the relative error 6.57%.The results could not only provide with a simple,quick and non-destructive way for estimating the leaf chlorophyll content of soybean,but also supply with theories and methods for assessing the enhancement of plant growth resulted from AMF by using hyperspectral data.Keywords：soybean;mycorrhizal effect;hyperspectral reflectance;spectral differentiation;vegetation indices0|8|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：The penetration of the haustorium and seedlings differentiation of Cistanche tubulosa were studied using light and transmission electron microscopy.It was shown that:(1)The invading cells formed after the haustorium connected with epidermis of host root.Then,the wedge-shaped haustorium penetrated the host cortex,column and xylem.During penetration of the host cortex,the cell walls of the haustorium at the host-parasite interface were thicker than those of the host cells and other haustorium cells.The structure of the host cortical cells were mechanically crushed and deformed or even destroyed.(2) After the haustorium connected to the host vascular system,the germ tube cells which connected with the host epidermis were self-differentiated into meristem,then the meristem developed into growth point of Cistanche tubulosa bud.Then scale leaf primordial developed.The results showed that the invasion of C.tubulosa haustorium was an active process and the mechanical force was involved.Haustorium invade host roots and its growing of shoots are showing unipolar growth mode.Keywords：parasitic plant;Cistanche tubulosa;seedling;haustorium2|11|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：The structural characters of nutritive organs in Dracaena cochinchinenis from Jingxi,Guangxi were studied by light microscope and scanning electronic microscope(SEM).The results showed that the leaves were isobilateral,in which the stomata with reniform guard cells were distributed in both sides of epidermis and covered with cuticular membrane.The underneath epidermis had a lot of stoma and the air chambers with developed cuticular membrane and papilliform projections.The mechanical tissue bundles were equably distributed up and low epidermis.The relationship between xylem and phloem in lateral vein was horizontal to the epidermis.The structure of older roots consisted of suberizative layer,cortex and central cylinder and lots of the secondary amphivasal bundle scattered inside the parenchyma tissue layer of cortex.The structure of old stem was of suberizative layer,cortex and the vascular bundle scattered inside the parenchyma tissue layer from the outside to the central.Primary vascular bundles were scattered in the parenchyma tissue layer near the central.The secondary amphivasal closed bundles were scattered between cambium and primary vascular bundle.The vascular bundle was not found in cortex.The structural characters of nutritive organs of D.cochinchinens suggested that the plant might adapt to the drought,high temperature and infertile karst area,meaning the structure and function were identical.Keywords：Dracaena cochinchinensis;nutritive organ;anatomical structure0|8|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：This study was to evaluate the effects of plant ecdysterone (PE),garlic extract (GE),atractylis extract (AE),mulberry leaf extract (ME),burdock extract (BE)on the rumen fermentation in vitro by using gas production technique.The plant extracts were added at the level of 1.5 % (DM)and the DM digestibility of fermentation at 24 h and 48 h and fermentation parameters of 96 h fermentation were measured.The results showed that the plant extracts had a tendency to increase the 24 h DM digestibility (P=0.43).The PE and GE could significantly increased the digestibility (P<0.05); there was on difference in gas production for all the groups; all plant extracts did not change the pH of rumen fluid; the PE,ME and AE significantly reduced NH3-N concentration (P<0.05); the PE,GE and ME significantly reduced the total volatile fatty acid (TVFA)concentration,while BE significantly increased TVFA concentration (P<0.05); all plant extracts were reduced the proportion of acetic acid and the ratio of acetic and propionic acid,whereas the proportion of propionic acid was increased,but the difference was not significant (P >0.05).It is concluded that the plant extracts could increase 48 h DM digestibility and decrease NH3-N concentration.Keywords：plant extracts;gas production;rumen digestibility;rumen fermentation3|8|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Flavourzyme,Alcalase 2.4 L,Alcalase 2.4 L+flavourzyme and flavourzyme+Alcalase 2.4 L were used to study the influence of hydrolysis time,enzyme species,adding order of enzyme on the antioxidant activity of protein hydrolysates and the functional properties from porcine plasma protein (PPP).With hydrolysis time prolonging,the antioxidant activity of hydrolysates was increased from 0 to 120 min.As the same hydrolysis time from 60-180 min,HAF and HFA possessed better DPPH radical scavenging activity and Fe2+-chelating activity and reducing power than those of HA and HF (P < 0.05).With the same hydrolysis time from 90-150 min,HAF possessed a higher DH and better DPPH radical scavenging activity and reducing power than those of HFA (P < 0.05).Hydrolysates with high antioxidant activity also had a good solubility and heat stability at acidic (4.0),neutral (7.0)and alkalic (8.0)pH and the solubility of those was higher than 90%.Keywords：porcine plasma protein powder;hydrolysis;antioxidant activity;solubility;heat stability0|8|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：To understand the bacterial resistance to antibiotics and its transmission between animals,or between animals and people,150 strains of Escherichia coli were isolated and identified from the swine production chain,including breeding,butchering and selling in Shandong Province.The antimicrobial susceptibility of these isolates was tested by using a broth dilution method to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration of commonly used drugs.The pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE)types were applied to identify the homogeneity DNA types of all strains.The results showed that the bacterial resistance increased in the breeding links including that of isolates from corresponding animal keepers,while decreased in the links of butchering and selling.With PFGE analysis,highly homogeneous isolates were detected among piglets,lactating sows,pregnant sows and keepers,while their resistant profiles were different to a certain extent.Good manufacturing practice of slaughterhouse could keep meat away from resistant intestinal flora to a certain degree.The resistance of E.coli could transmit between swines and growers closely touched.The results would contribute to evaluating potential risk factors of the animal pathogens transmission and drug resistance in the food chain and public health.Keywords：swine;swine production chain;Escherichia coli;bacterial resistance;PFGE0|8|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：The experiment was conducted to study the effects of dietary polysaccharides from the fermentation extract of Hericium caput-medusae (HFP) on the serum lipid indexes,abdominal fat,short chain fatty acid in caecum,and the lipid content in liver,muscles and excreta of broilers.A total of 240 one-day-old AA broilers were divided randomly into 4 groups with 3 replicates of 20 broilers each,and fed diets containing four concentrations of HFP (0,0.1%,0.3%,and 0.5%)during the 42 days study.The results showed that:1)Dietary supplementation with HFP significantly decreased (P<0.05) the serum triglyceride (TG) content,the levels of 0.3% and 0.5% significantly decreased (P<0.05) the liver TG content of broilers on day 14,28,and 42.2)The abdominal fat percent was significantly reduced (P<0.05) in the broilers fed with 0.3% and 0.5% of HFP than that of the control group.3)Dietary supplementation of HFP had no significant (P >0.05)effect on the body weight,lipid content in thigh muscle,breast muscle and excreta of broilers.4)Dietary supplementation with HFP significantly increased (P<0.05) the propionic acid content,and decreased (P<0.05) the rate of acetic acid and propionic acid in the caecum of broilers.5)On day 14,the propionic acid content in caecum was in a significantly negative correlation with the abdominal fat percent (r=-0.992),the rate of acetic acid and propionic acid was in a significantly positive correlation with the abdominal fat percent (r=0.989).On day 28,the propionic acid content was in a significantly negative correlation with the serum TG (r=-0.985),the rate of acetic acid and propionic acid was in a significantly positive correlation with the serum TG (r=0.996).On day 42,the rate of acetic acid and propionic acid was in a significantly positive correlation with the serum TG and the abdominal fat percent (r=0.951 and 0.979)respectively.It could be concluded that dietary supplementation with HFP could significantly reduce the TG content in serum,decrease the abdominal fat deposition,and improve the lipid metabolism of broilers,which might be achieved through regulating the short chain fatty acid content and the rate in the caecum of broilers.Keywords：broilers;Hericium caput-medusae;polysaccharides from the fermentation extract;fat deposition;short chain fatty acids1|10|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：For the tradition super-speed transplanting mechanism was usually made up of multigroup non-circular gears,which would increased the difficulty of installation and manufacture,a forward double controlled transplanting mechanism with differential planetary system was proposed.The analytical model of mechanism kinematics was built basing on its working principle in this research.The relationship between the parameters of the transplanting mechanism and the dynamic as well as static track of seedling needle were analyzed by RecurDyn and MATLAB.Parameters,such as centricity ratio of elliptical gear of 0.13,planting arm length of 135 mm,initial angle of planting arm box with axis y of 50,initial angle of planting arm with rotation box of 35 and turning radius of planting arm rotation box of 90mm were selected and analyzed.The result indicated that it would meat the requirement of the rice transplanting when the crop row spacing was between 180-220 mm.Keywords：high-speed transplanter;differential transplanting mechanism;elliptic gear;simulation2|7|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：4GS-1 500 sweet potato harvester is a typical chain-lever elevator sweet potato harvester.In order to improve the chain-lever elevator and mitigate the damages on sweet potato in the course of transport-separating and throwing sweet potato,the experiments on Shangshu No.19,Fushu No.24,Zhengshu No.20 were carried out with 4GS-1 500 sweet potato harvester.The damage occurrence and the injured ratio were studied by mechanics,kinematic principle and test analysis.The results showed that the main damage was galled spots,internal tissue extrusion and break.The damage was mainly caused by shear,impact and friction among clod,sweet potato and the chain-lever.The ratio of the injured sweet potato was reduced to 1.5% by optimizing the rod structure and operational parameter of the chain-lever.Keywords：sweet potato;chain-lever elevator;damage;potato-soil separation2|8|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：In order to optimize the performance of a small vibrating sieve potato digger,a simulation with Ls-Dyna and Adams for the soil cutting process of the vibration digging shovel was conduced.Basing on Box-Behnken response surface analysis principle,a 4 factors and 3 levels test was designed for the variance analysis.The results showed that factors affecting traction resistance in descending order were vibration frequency,forward speed,cutting angle and amplitude of the digger.According to the optimized regression model,the traction resistance would be 1449.59 N when the traction rate was 0.67 m/s,the vibration frequency was 13.77 Hz,the vibration amplitude was 11.93 mm and cutting angle was 8.35°.Comparing the field test and simulation,the difference of them was less than 5%,which meant the model simulation could impersonate the real digger work in an acceptable level.Keywords：potato;digging shovel;drag reduction in vibration;numerical simulation;parameter optimization2|8|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：To reduce farming risks of Penaeus vanmamei and improve the performance of disease diagnosis,this research merged information,such as living environment quality acquired by sensors,image data captured by 3G phones,and diagnosis records,to establish a remote intelligent disease diagnosis system.Hybrid reasoning based on case and rule,multi-classification support vector machine (SVM)based on rough set,and image processing were integrated in the system building.The system was applied in Zhejiang and Guangdong province in China.The experimental results show that the system cannot only monitor the information such as the living condition and image,but also manage the diagnosis records and rules.In addition,the system can be as an efficient tool for disease diagnosis and prevention of Penaeus vanamei.Keywords：Internet of Things;penaeus vannamei;disease diagnosis;MVC architecture3|7|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：The distribution of the wrinkles of corn kernel embryo is closely related with the corn variety.It is very important to identify the embryo wrinkle automatically and accurately for promoting the automatic recognition corn varieties in accuracy.This paper presented a method to identify wrinkle distribution.This method was using Density-based K-means clustering algorithm based on the gradients of corn kernel embryo area.First of all,the region of the embryo was identified according to the threshold value,and then the gradient of the major axis direction of embryo region was calculated.Using sobel operator and dilation operator,the edge noises of the gradient image and the isolated point noises were removed by median filter.A feature vector space with R gradient,G gradient,B gradient of pixel as characteristics was formed.Optimization algorithm based on the density was used to optimize initial centers of K-means.The wrinkle regions,marked area and computed the number of wrinkles were found by K-means clustering analysis.300 corn kernels were selected for experiment and the results showed that this method was valid for the deep wrinkles and light wrinkles of the embryo.The average recognition rate was 82.7%.In a word,there were three innovations in this paper:Firstly,this paper presented the idea that it analyzed embryo winkle distribution by analyzing gradients of the maize kernels embryo R,G,B images.Secondly,it gave the basic definitions of the pixel density used in this study.Finally,this method of analysis of the embryo wrinkles not only was used to count the number of corn kernel embryo wrinkles and confirm general distribution location,but also could be used to analyze the depth of the wrinkles by the gradients of wrinkle if the research would need.Keywords：corn kernel;embryo wrinkle;gradient image;K;-means;automatic identification4|9|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：In the northern semi-arid regions,agricultural production has intensified the soil wind erosion,which has greatly affected the agricultural sustainable development.It is urgent to study the sand-against agricultural production technologies to prevent and reduce the field wind erosion.In this paper,the background and significance of developing the sand-against dry-land farming were discussed,the principle,the connotation and the approach to realize were analyzed,and the research progress in the sand-against dry-land farming technologies in the northern semi-arid regions in recent 20 years has been summarized.Meanwhile,the future of the sand-against dry-land farming development was put forward.The study result shows that the sand-against dry-land farming is very important and effective to achieve the ecological protection and production development simultaneously,and it is significant to promote the agricultural sustainable development.Keywords：sand-against farming;connotation;key technologies;future prospect2|14|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Climate change affected regional crop production.Jiangxi province was one of the most important rice-producing provinces in China.The rice production in Jiangxi played an important role in local and national food security.Using the data from 81 meteorological stations,double-harvest rice yield data of Jiangxi from 1961 to 2011,daily temperature and precipitation data from global climate model ECHAM5/MPI-OM,the link was investigated between the climate change and double-rice yield in Jiangxi.The results showed thatsunshine,temperature and precipitation basically met the requirement for rice growth.The accumulated temperature of ≥ 10 ℃ was mainly at positive anomaly since the 21th century.Sunshine hours at late period of rice growth tended to decrease since the 1990s.The occurrences of the forced ripeningby high temperature significantly increased,while the cold dew wind significantly decreased since the 21th century.The climate-yield model was established for predicting rice production from 2015 to 2100.It was found that the early rice meteorology yield was mainly positive value before 2060,but waving after that year.The change degree at late rice yield was smaller than that of the early rice.Keywords：double-harvest rice;climate change;Guangxi;model4|10|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Land use is closely related to carbon emissions.According to the measurement method of land use carbon emissions,the carbon emissions of the main land use types were calculated,including cultivated land,woodland,grassland and land for construction from 2000 to 2010 in Chizhou City,and the carbon source,carbon sequestrate and the net carbon emissions were also calculated.Then land use carbon emission evolution was analyzed and land use carbon emission intensity was measured.Finally,based on the STIRPAT model,the influential factors of land use carbon emissions were analyzed.The results are as the followings.First,the total carbon emissions increased gradually from 2000 to 2010 in Chizhou City,the total carbon emissions had risen from 35.835 4 kt in 2000 to 1 774.016 3 kt in 2010,especially the carbon emissions of construction land increased notably.The total carbon emissions and the carbon emissions of construction land showed the same increasing trend.Second,the carbon sequestration remained stable from 2000 to 2010,the proportion of carbon source and carbon sequestration appeared an increasing trend,which had risen from 1.135 5 in 2000 to 6.657 2 in 2010.Third,the changing process of land use carbon emissions was divided into three stages,including slow growth,rapid growth and stable growth stages.Forth,the land carbon emission intensity showed a trend of slow growth,and the construction land carbon emission intensity showed a fluctuant growth trend,and it was found that land use carbon emission intensity and industrial economic development level showed positively correlated relationship.Finally,the influential factors of land use carbon emissions were analyzed,it was found that linear correlation of carbon emissions versus population and GDP per capita was remarkably related,GDP per capita was the major cause of carbon emissions.It is also hoped to play a sample role in studying the driving factors of carbon emissions in other provincial administrative regions.Keywords：land use;carbon emissions;STIRPAT model;Chizhou City1|10|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：The article treated the new rural social indowment insurance (NRSEI)as an intertemporal good,and then analyzed the reason why peasants wouldn't like to participate in NRSEI.Based on empirical analysis,we found that the "per capita disposable income of household",other than the "per capita net income of household" was the economic base which determined peasants' participation decision.But comparing with the economic factors,the non-economic factors were more crucial to peasants' decision-making system.These non-economic factors could be further divided into 2 categories.One contains factors that had relationship with design of the NRSEI system,such as age,be tied up with their parents,and so on,and the other one contains factors that related to peasant's cognitive,such as their trust for leaders of the village,satisfaction of NRSEI and so on.After the empirical analysis,the article proposed several suggestions as follow:1)Improve the village-root organization for NRSEI;2)Built a regular adjustment mechanism of basic pension;3)Building up the mutually link between NRSEI and other social endowment insurance.Keywords：endowment insurance;peasant;decision-making mechanism;constraint factor1|9|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：In the process of food recall,big recall costs have adverse effects on the initiative of companies to recall.A food recall cost model was built in this paper for recall cost investigation.By measuring and comparing the amount and cost of food recall for both traceable and untraceable recall systems,the impact of the traceable system on food recall cost was analyzed and the main factors were explored.The result indicated that the recall cost of an untraceable system was (m-1) times (m for food shelf life)that of a traceable one,and the traceable system could significantly reduce the cost of recall.It also showed that the main factors that impacted the recall cost included food shelf life,daily output and sales price.Keywords：food safety;food recall;the traceability system;recall cost2|8|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Basing on sample survey data of 827 farmers who engaged in planting farming or livestock breeding in Shaanxi Province,China,the factors affecting farmers' willingness to participate in biological assets mortgage were analyzed with binary Logistic model and ISM model.The work showed that,farmers' age,family labor,loan experience,arable land,value of biological assets,collateral sale,policy cognitive,mortgage rates,the meaning of mortgage financing had effect on farmers' willingness and the nine factors were main factors and weighted hierarchically.Arable land was the root factor;farmers' age,family labor,value of biological assets were secondary factors;loan experience,collateral sale,mortgage rates were middle tier influencing factors;policy and mortgage property cognitive,were surface influence factors.Keywords：farmers;biological assets;financing willingness;affecting factors;hierarchy2|7|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
