Issue Ebookcover storyIssue CoverIssue Contents
List of IssuesDocument Types
- Abstract：To identify tomato CBF gene family and the preliminary exploration of the biological function of the SlCBFs gene， therefore，in this research， six CBF genes in tomato （Solanum lycopersicum L.） were identified based on the CBF genes of Arabidopsis， rice， and potato. The physicochemical characteristics and tissue expression patterns were systematically compared and analyzed to clarify the function of the CBF gene family in tomato. The results are as follows： 1） The phylogenetic tree analysis indicated that all CBF genes were divided into four subgroups. The SlCBFs gene family members of tomato were distributed in two subgroups， Group Ⅰ and Group Ⅱ， which were significantly different from the CBF gene of rice （Group Ⅳ）. 2） The analysis of cis-acting elements revealed a total of 1 072 cis-acting elements could regulate the expression of the CBF gene， among which the growth and development elements were the most， accounting for 72%. 3） Tissue transcription analysis demonstrated that SlCBF1~SlCBF4 were expressed at relatively high levels during the color breaking stage， suggesting that the SlCBFs gene might play a significant role in plant growth and development. 4） The expression levels of SlCBF1~SlCBF5 were significantly up-regulated under low-temperature stress. To conclude， the biological function of the tomato CBF gene family and the mechanism of tomato cold tolerance can provide a theoretical basis for new tomato variety creation.Keywords：tomato;CBF gene family;bioinformatic;gene expression analysis;evolutionary relationship298|172|0<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2025-06-02
Effects of microbial fertilizer on the yield, quality and antioxidant activity of cabbage, and soil fertility AI Introduction
Abstract：This study aimed to explore the effects of increasing the application of microbial fertilizers （containing Bacillus amyloliquefaciens） on the yield， quality， antioxidant enzyme activity of cabbage， and soil fertility. Taking ‘CR Pioneer’ cabbage as the test material， a randomized block experiment design was used to set up three treatments of 750 kg/hm2 potassium sulfate compound fertilizer with additional 1 200 （T1）， 2 400 （T2） and 3 600 （T3） kg/hm2 of microbial fertilizer in 2022 and 2023. No fertilization treatment （CK1）， conventional fertilization （CK2） and formula fertilization （CK3） were set as the controls. The yield， quality， antioxidant enzyme activity and soil fertility of cabbage were measured， and the comprehensive scores were evaluated by principal component analysis. The results showed that： The yield of cabbage in T1， T2 and T3 was 13.34% to 22.56% higher than that in CK2 （P<0.05）. Among them， the yield of T1 was the highest. The contents of soluble protein and free amino acid in T1 were significantly higher than those in CK2. The nitrate content in T3 was significantly lower than that in CK3 （2022） and CK2 （2023）. The SOD， POD， CAT and glutathione reductase（GR）activities of T1 were the highest， and the aseorbateperoxidase （APX）activities of T1 and T3 were significantly higher than that of CK2 in 2022 and 2023. The Pro content of T1 was 19.53% to 34.41% higher than that of CK2 and CK3 （P<0.05）， and the MDA content in T1 and T2 was 25.98% to 41.03% lower than that of CK3 （P<0.05）. The contents of soil organic matter， available nitrogen， available phosphorus and available potassium in T1， T2 and T3 were increased. The soil organic matter content of T1 was 2.33% and 9.40% higher than that of CK2 and CK3 in 2022-2023. The soil alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen （AHN） content of T1， T2 and T3 was 0.96% to 8.19% higher than that of CK2 and CK3， and the soil available phosphorus （AP） content of T1 was the highest， which was 58.6 mg/kg. The soil sucrase （S-SC） activity of T1 and T2 were significantly higher than that of CK2 and CK3. The soil urease （S-UE） activity of T2 and T3 was significantly higher than that of CK2， and the soil alkaline phosphatase （S-AKP/ALP） activity of T1 was significantly higher than that of CK2 and CK3. After principal component analysis， the highest comprehensive score of each treatment was T1. In summary， in the production of cabbage in the cold area of Taibai County， Baoji City， Shaanxi Province， the application of microbial fertilizer can increase the yield of cabbage， and improve the contents of Vc， soluble protein and soluble sugar， increase the activity of antioxidant enzymes such as SOD， POD， CAT， GR and APX. And significantly improve the soil fertility indexes such as soil organic matter， available phosphorus and available potassium. The most suitable amount of microbial fertilizer is 1 200 kg/hm2.Keywords：cabbage;microbial fertilizer;yield and quality;soil fertility;principal component analysis245|174|6<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2025-06-02- Abstract：Phosphorus in southern soil mainly exists in the form of Fe-P and Al-P， which makes it difficult for plants to directly absorb and utilize it. Therefore， improving the biological availability of phosphorus and iron has always been a hot research issue in this field. Through microorganisms and their secreted siderophores， this study took Chinese cabbage as the research object， and designed 6 treatments， which were water treatment （hereinafter referred to as CK）， fermenting liquid of siderophore functional bacteria （hereinafter referred to as Bac）， siderophore supernatant （hereinafter referred to as Bac.sid）， phosphorus tailings treatment （hereinafter referred to as PT）， siderophore functional bacteria fermentation solution + phosphorus tailings （hereinafter referred to as Bac+PT）， siderophore supernatant + phosphorus tailings （hereinafter referred to as Bac.sid +PT）. Pot experiment method was adopted to study the activation effects of phosphorus and iron on soil in southern China and the effects of compound phosphorus tailings on soil phosphorus， iron， and plant growth. The results showed as follows： 1） Bac， Bac.sid， PT， Bac+PT， and Bac.sid +PT treatments increased the dry weight and promoted the growth of Chinese cabbage compared with CK treatment， among which the treatment with siderophore combined with phosphorus tailings had the highest growth promotion effect， and increased the growth of plants by 38.9% （P<0.05）； 2） Bac， Bac.sid， PT， Bac+PT， and Bac.sid+PT significantly increased soil available iron （P<0.05）， the highest was the siderophore functional bacteria combined with phosphorus tailings treatment， and it was increased by 74.6% （P<0.05）； 3） The content of soil available phosphorus in Bac， Bac.sid， PT， Bac+PT and Bac.sid +PT treatments increased compared with CK treatment， and the highest was the siderophore functional bacteria combined with phosphorus tailings treatment and it was increased by 3.04 times （P<0.05）. This study shows that untilizing microbial advantages is effective in activating refractory phosphorus and phosphorus tailings in southern soil. The microbial siderophores release phosphorus or other elements through efficient iron chelation to meet the nutrient requirements of plant growth. This study provides a new way for soil phosphorus activation and the exploitation and utilization of phosphorus tailings in southern China.Keywords：microbial siderophore;phosphorus tailings;soil iron;soil phosphorus;activation180|27|0<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2025-06-02
Separation patterns and mixed genetic analysis of F1 progenies’ phenotypic traits of a hybrid combination of butterfly orchid AI Introduction
Abstract：To investigate the separation patterns of the phenotypic traits in Phalaenopsis， F1 hybrid population of self-bred spotted Phalaenopsis ‘16209’ crossed P. ‘16242’ was taken as study object. The heterosis of 10 phenotypic traits， e.g.， plant height， crown width and pedicel length were analyzed.The mixed genetic model of single generation major gene plus multiple genes was used for genetic analysis. The results showed that： 1） The coefficient of variation of 10 phenotypic traits in the F1 population was 12.15% to 60.96%， and mid-parent heterotic values of crown breadth， flower inflorescene length， petals length， petals breadth and leaf length traits showed a significant difference at 0.01 level. 2） Correlation analysis showed that a total of 17 pairs out of 45 pairs of quantitative traits reached an extremely significant level （P<0.01）， among which， the plant height had a significant negative correlation with petal breadth and petal length， and the flower number had significant positive （P<0.01） correlation with leaf number. 3） The mixed genetic analysis revealed that the crown breadth and leaf were fitted to the A-0 model and no major gene was detected. The petals number was fixed to the B-3 model by two pairs of equally additive major genes， and the plant height， flower stalk length petals length and petals breadth were fixed to the A-1 model by a pair of additive-dominant major genes. 4） The results of flower traits showed that there was a negative correlation between flower color brightness value （L*） and redness value （a*）. The number of spotless was lower than that of spotted suggesting that the generation of spots was controlled by the dominant gene. The presence of wax flowers in the F1 population produced by hybridization between two fleshy parents suggests that wax was regulated by recessive gene. This study will provide a reference and basis for parents selection and new varieties breeding in Phalaenopsis.Keywords：Phalaenopsis;phenotypic trait;heterosis;mixed genetic;flower color78|26|0<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2025-06-02- Abstract：In order to explore the function of Gossypium hirsutum N-acetyl serotonin methyltransferase gene （GhASMT17） in cotton resistance to Verticillium wilt， the GhASMT17 gene was cloned from the upland cotton standard system‘TM-1’ and sequenced. The online bioinformatics analysis was adopted to predict its physical， chemical， structural， evolutionary characteristics and promoter elements of the encoded protein. qRT-PCR was used to detect its tissue expression specificity and expression pattern after Verticillium wilt infection， and virus-induced gene silencing （VIGS） technology was used to analyze the function of the GhASMT17 gene. The results show that： 1） The length of the open reading frame （ORF） of the cloned cotton GhASMT17 gene is 726 bp， encoding 241 amino acids. Its molecular weight is 26 650.66 U， theoretical PI is 4.80， the instability index is 26.62， and average hydropathic index is 0.022， indicating that it is an acidic， stable and hydrophilic protein and may be localized in chloroplasts. 2） The promoter sequence of GhASMT17 gene contains abscisic acid response element （ABRE） and low temperature stress response element （LTR）. 3） The qRT-PCR results show that after verticillium wilt infection， compared with disease control （CK） the expression levels of GhASMT17 gene in plants inoculated with Verticillium wilt （V991） were significantly different at 24 and 48 h （P<0.05） .4） The VIGS results show that the resistance of GhASMT17-silenced plants to Verticillium wilt of cotton is significantly reduced （P<0.05）， the vascular bundles are severely browned， and in the stem segment recovery culture test， the number of stem segments growing fungal hyphae increased by 40%. In conclusion， the GhASMT17 plays a positive regulatory role in cotton resistance to Verticillium wilt.Keywords：cotton;GhASMT17;gene cloning;expression pattern analysis;VIGS64|22|0<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2025-06-02
Construction and comparison of the critical nitrogen dilution curves model of sorghum and maize based on leaf area index AI Introduction
Abstract：To determine the nitrogen nutrition index and the optimal nitrogen application level of sorghum and maize， taking the sorghum varieties‘Jinzao 5577’and‘Jinza 22’and the maize variety‘Ruipu 909’as study objects， experiments were conducted in Shuocheng and Shanyin of Shuozhou， Yuci of Jinzhong， and Qinxian of Changzhi in Shanxi in 2023. A complete randomized block design was adopted with six nitrogen levels， which were 0（N0）， 30（N1）， 75（N2）， 150（N3）， 225（N4）and 300 kg/hm2（N5）， respectively. Leaf area index （LAI）and plant nitrogen concentration （PNC） were measured at different leaf stages from seedling to heading. The critical nitrogen dilution curve （CNDC） models for both crops were established and compared based on LAI. The best nitrogen nutrition index （NNI） and the nitrogen application amount of sorghum and maize were determined by the relative yield （RY）. The results indicate that： Nitrogen fertilization significantly increased LAI and PNC of sorghum and maize， but sorghum had higher LAI， and its LAI at heading stage was about twice that of maize. Except N0 treatment， the PNC of sorghum treated with nitrogen was significantly higher than that of maize at the same nitrogen application level. Based on LAI and PNC established critical nitrogen dilution curves of sorghum and maize were Nc= 3.19 LAI-0.30 and Nc= 2.39 LAI-0.31， respectively. Both of them conformed to the power function relation. When the LAI value was 1.0， the critical nitrogen of sorghum was significantly higher than that of maize， and there was a similar N concentration dilution rate for both sorghum and maize. When the RY of sorghum achieved the maximum， the NNI of sorghum was significantly lower than that of maize. By means of NNI， the optimum N application rate was determined as 164 kg/hm2 for sorghum and 225 kg/hm2 for maize， respectively. In conclusion， sorghum and maize have significant differences in nitrogen demand and response. Application of nitrogen fertilizer at rate of 164 kg/hm2 can enable sorghum to better utilize nutrient resources and achieve a high yield in Shanxi.Keywords：critical nitrogen dilution curve model;sorghum;maize;nitrogen nutrition index71|16|3<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2025-06-02- Abstract：To explore a new method for treating bovine mastitis， in this study， Staphylococcus aureus bacteriophages from environmental effluents of cattle farms were isolated and their biological properties were analyzed， including electron microscope morphology， genomic nucleic acid types， phage profiles， optimal number of infection replicates， pH and thermal stability as well as one-step growth curves. The model of S. aureus mastitis in mice was constructed， and the effect of this phage in the treatment of mastitis was determined by HE staining to detect the damage of mouse mammary gland and the changes of inflammatory indexes in mouse mammary tissue were detected by ELISA. The results showed that：1） One strain of S. aureus phage was isolated from sewage water and observed under electron microscope as a member of the Myoviridae， it was named vB_SauM_Lm44. The nucleic acid type of vB_SauM_Lm44 was double-stranded DNA. 2） The optimal temperature of vB_SauM_Lm44 was 42 ℃， pH was 5-10， and the lysing amount was 41.3 PFU/cell. The incubation period was 40 min， and the cleavage period was 80 min. 3） vB_SauM_Lm44 significantly ameliorated the ocular lesions and vesicular damage in mouse mammary tissues， and the expression levels of inflammatory cytokines TNF-α， IL-1β， and IL-6 were all significantly reduced （P<0.01）. In conclusion， phage vB_SauM_Lm44 had a significant therapeutic effect on mastitis caused by methicillin-resistant S. aureus m44 in mice. The study lays the theoretical foundation for the clinical application of phage in the treatment of infections caused by S. aureus.Keywords：mastitis;Staphylococcus aureus;bacteriophage;biological characteristics42|17|1<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2025-06-02
- Abstract：The establishment of endometrial receptivity in cattle is critical for successful embryo implantation. In this study， blood samples from cattle during early pregnancy （day 0 and day 14） were collected and a bovine endometrial epithelial cell （bEECs） receptivity model via progesterone （P4） and interferon-tau （IFN-τ） induction was constructed. Using RNA-sequencing （RNA-seq）， miR-27a-5p overexpression ockdown approaches， quantitative real-time PCR （qRT-PCR）， CCK8 cell viability assay， and flow cytometry， we systematically investigated the regulatory role of miR-27a-5p in bEECs receptivity， proliferation and apoptosis. The reults showed that：1） The expression levels of miR-27a-5p were significantly downregulated in both blood samples from day 14 pregnant cattle and in vitro-induced receptive bEECs （P<0.001）， indicating its potential involvement in endometrial receptivity and embryo attachment. 2） The results of RNA-seq analysis showed that 31 significantly upregulated and 37 significantly down-regulated mRNAs， detected after overexpression of miR-27a-5p in receptivity bEECs， mainly enriched in Wnt signaling pathway and mTOR signaling pathway， which are involved in regulating on the recognition of embryo and uterine attachment signals. 3） The results of miR-27a-5p interference showed that inhibition of miR-27a-5p promoted mRNA expression levels of bEECs receptivity marker genes （VEGFA， LIF， IL-6， HOXA10， HOXA11）， key genes（β-catenin， WNT2B， WNT11 and FOSL1） in Wnt signaling pathway， key genes （PIK3CB and PPP3R1 in mTOR signaling pathway） and apoptosis-related genes （CASP9， CASP3 and BAX）， increased apoptosis rate （P<0.01）. It inhibited the mRNA expression of inhibitory receptivity marker gene MMP9 and proliferation-related genes （CDK2， CDK4 and PCNA），decreased cell viability （P<0.001）， In conclusion， down-regulated miR-27a-5p weakens its inhibitory effect on bEECs receptivity and apoptosis through Wnt signaling pathway and mTOR signaling pathway， promoting bovine endometrium receptivity.Keywords：beef cattle;miR-27a-5p;endometrial epithelial cells;endometrium receptivity52|13|0<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2025-06-02
Preparation pseudoviral positive controls for nucleic acid detection of African horse sickness virus AI Introduction
Abstract：The study aimed to develop pseudovirus containing the African horse sickness virus （AHSV） VP7 gene for use as a positive control in AHSV nucleic acid detection. In the study， the nucleic acid sequence containing the AHSV VP7 gene fragment were synthesized and were inserted into the lentiviral vector pSIN4-GFP. The recombinant lentiviral vector pSIN4-VP7， along with lentiviral packaging plasmids pMD 2G and pSPA-X2， was co-transfected into 293T cells to package AHSV pseudovirus particles. The packaging of AHSV pseudovirus was verified through RT-PCR， fluorescent RT-PCR， reverse transcriptase detection， and electron microscopy. Additionally， a freeze-drying protectant was added to the pseudovirus particles to prepare a positive control， which was then subjected to physical property testing， sterility testing， uniformity assessment， and stability evaluation. The results are as follows： 1） Bacterial PCR and sequencing confirmed the successful construction of the lentiviral vector containing the AHSV VP7 gene. After co-transfection of the recombinant lentiviral vector with lentiviral packaging plasmids in 293T cells for 48 hours， RNA extracted from the cell supernatant indicated that RT-PCR could amplify a specific band of approximately 1 187 bp in size， and sequencing results showed that the specific band was consistent with the inserted fragment. Fluorescent RT-PCR results demonstrated the presence of a specific amplification curve. 2） Reverse transcriptase detection revealed a concentration of 2 628 μg/mL in the AHSV pseudovirus particles， indicating successful packaging of AHSV pseudovirus particles with a high pseudovirus content. Electron microscopy observed that the AHSV pseudovirus particles had an irregular， round viral-like structure， with a diameter ranging from 150-200 nm. 3） Uniformity assessment indicated that the coefficient of variation for the Ct value of the positive control was less than 10%， suggesting good uniformity. 4） Accelerated thermal stability tests showed that the prepared positive control could remain stable after being placed at 4 ， 25 and 37 ℃ for 7 days. Storage tests indicated that the prepared positive control could be stored for 6 months under -20 and -80 ℃ conditions. In conclusion， this study successfully prepared a pseudovirus positive control containing the AHSV VP7 gene fragment， enabling comprehensive monitoring of the AHSV nucleic acid extraction and detection process.Keywords：African horse sickness;VP7 gene;pseudovirus;positive control37|12|0<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2025-06-02Preparation of monoclonal antibody to chicken JAK1 protein and its application during avian influenza virus infection AI Introduction
Abstract：To investigate the biological functions of chicken JAK1（chJAK1）protein， the full-length chJAK1 ORF was RT-PCR amplified using total RNA from chicken embryo fibroblast cell line （DF-1） as template and subjected to construct the eukaryotic expression plasmid pcDNA3.1-His-chJAK1. The truncated fragment chJAK1-286-608 aa （ΔchJAK1） was used to construct the recombinant prokaryotic expression plasmid pET-32a-ΔchJAK1. The monoclonal antibodies against chJAK1 protein were generated by immunizing BALB/c mice with the recombinant protein expressed in E.coli， and subsequently utilized to preliminarily analyze chJAK1 expression level in avian influenza virus infection of DF-1 cells. The results showed that： 1） Two monoclonal antibodies 2E11 and 3F4 were obtained by ELISA and Western blot screening. They belonged to the subclasses lgG1 and lgG2b in the heavy chain with κ as the light chain. Their ascites titers were determined to be 6.4×104 and 1.6×104， respectively.2） Both strains of monoclonal antibody could recognize chicken， duck and goose JAK1 by indirect immunofluorescence and Western blot assay. Additionally， 2E11 could react with human JAK1， whereas 3F4 did not react with human derived JAK1. 3） By truncating the protein to identify the antigen epitope， it was determined that the antigenic epitopes recognized by 2E11 was as 367HIVIKESTVSINKQDNKKMELKLSSHDEALSFASLI403 and the antigen epitope recognized by 3F4 was 586RTQIYSGILNYKD-DENEGYQNE608， respectively.4） Avian influenza virus infection with DF-1 can induce down-regulation of endogenous chJAK1 protein expression. In summary， this study successfully prepared monoclonal antibodies against chJAK1 and confirmed that the chJAK1 protein plays an important role in the AIV infection process. The preparation of anti-chJAK1 monoclonal antibodies provides a valuable tool for studying the biology and antiviral function of this protein.Keywords：Chicken JAK1;protein expression;monoclonal antibody;antigenic epitope;avian influenza virus29|22|0<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2025-06-02Genetic evolution and biological characteristics of a wild bird-origin H7N6 avian influenza virus AI Introduction
Abstract：In order to understand the prevalence of wild bird-origin avian influenza virus （AIV） in Liaoning Province， routine surveillance was conducted in this study， a low-pathogenicity H7N6 subtype AIV was isolated， referred to as SY6624， and its genetic evolution and biological characteristics were analyzed. The results showed that：1） SY6624 was a recombinant virus， with HA， NA， PB2， PB1， PA， NP， and NS genes originating from the Eurasian lineage， while the M gene from the North American lineage. The M gene of SY6624 suggested signs of intercontinental transmission during recombination. 2） SY6624 exhibited several molecular characteristics enhancing mammalian pathogenicity， such as HA T160A， PB1-F2 N66S， and PA A515T. 3） SY6624 could infect mice without prior adaptation and replicate at high titers in their lungs. 4） The H7-Re3 vaccine could protect poultry against SY6624. In conclusion， the isolation of H7N6 wild bird-origin AIV strain in the study does not pose a threat to poultry and mammals. This study suggested the potential risk of wild bird-origin avian influenza viruses in Liaoning province and provided theoretical support for the prevention and control of the H7N6 subtype avian influenza virus.Keywords：avian influenza virus;H7N6;genetic evolution;infectivity;antigenicity28|13|0<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2025-06-02Tracking and prospect of agricultural methane emissions in China since the 21st century: Visual analysis based on CiteSpace AI Introduction
Abstract：To clarify the research hotspots and trends in agricultural methane emissions in China since the 21st century， a visualization analysis was conducted using CiteSpace software on 557 agricultural methane emission related literature collected in the Chinese Academic Journal Network Publishing Database （CNKI） from 2001 to 2023. The results show that： 1）The phased characteristics of publications in this field are more obvious. It can be divided into a rapid upward period and a fluctuating development period. The number of publications is greatly influenced by policies. 2）There are many scholars and research institutions， but the cooperation between scholars and research institutions needs to be strengthened. 3）The research hotspots mainly include the influencing factors on agricultural methane emissions， estimation and spatiotemporal characteristics analysis of agricultural methane emissions in different regions， and analysis and potential evaluation of measures for reducing agricultural methane emissions. 4）The research trends mainly focusing on analyzing comprehensive emission reduction measures， coordinating the relationship between emission reduction targets and production changes， utilizing socio-economic perspectives， and referencing international emission reduction progress and insights. In summary， although China has achieved fruitful results in research on agricultural methane emissions， it is still necessary to further strengthen the cooperation and exchanges between scholars and institutions in the future and more attention should be given to the research and development， promotion， and combination of simplified emission reduction technologies， as well as the government’s contribution to emission reduction.Keywords：agricultural methane emissions;research tracking;bibliometrics;CiteSpace41|21|1<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2025-06-02Evolution process, internal logic, and development trend of the resource utilization policies of livestock and poultry manure in China AI Introduction
Abstract：To promote the management of agricultural surface pollution and assist the low-carbon development of agriculture， this study retrieved the resource utilization policies of livestock and poultry manure at the national ministerial level in China since 2000 by taking ‘livestock and poultry’ ‘resource utilization’ ‘manure’ and ‘waste’ as keywords. Content analysis method is used to analyze the evolution process and internal logic of resource utilization policies， and the evolution trend of the resource utilization policies of livestock and poultry manure was summarized. The results show that： 1） The evolution of the resource utilization policies of livestock and poultry manure can be divided into three stages， which are initial exploration stage， rapid development stage， and gradual improvement stage. 2） During the evolution of the resource utilization policies of livestock and poultry manure， the technologies for manure treatment and resource utilization constantly face different challenges， and technological bottlenecks continuesly keep changing. Early environmental protection trends and traditional agricultural circular concepts provide a foundation for policy exploration， sustainable development theory， and circular economy theory provide support for policy development， and the demand for ecological agriculture construction and the theory of coordinated development of resources and environment provide basis for further policy improvement. 3） The resource utilization policies of livestock and poultry manure are showing an increasingly obvious trend of integration with intelligent technology， the demand for cross-regional collaborative development is constantly increasing， and the support for small-scale breeding entities is becoming stronger. Based on this， to improve the policy system for the resource utilization of livestock and poultry wastewater， the relevant departments should strengthen theoretical guidance， promote continuous policy improvement， enhance departmental cooperation and supervision， promote technological innovation and integration， increase publicity and education efforts， and establish demonstration and leadership mechanism.Keywords：livestock and poultry manure;resource utilization;policy evolution;internal logic;development trend65|21|3<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2025-06-02Research status analysis on cow bedding technology at domestic and abroad based on bibliometrics AI Introduction
Abstract：To clarify the current status and hotspots in the research field of cow bedding technology both domestically and internationally， the bibliometric analysis and VOSviewer visualization software were used to conduct a visualization analysis on a total of 648 published papers in the research field of cow bedding technology based on Web of Science Core Collection and CNKI from 1933 to 2023. The results showed that： 1） Research on the cow bedding technology has progressively matured and covered a wide range from 1933 to 2023， mainly focusing on dairy cow welfare， bedding material properties， and production processes. The research direction has predominantly centered on the selection of suitable materials and the evaluation of their application efficacy. 2） Recycled manure solids （RMS） have emerged as a cutting-edge hotspot in bedding research. Further investigations are still warranted in the production mechanisms of RMS， heat and mass transfer coupled with energy recovery， refinement of preparation techniques， development of cost-effective and intelligent production equipment， the establishment of standards for bedding production and utilization. 3） Future endeavors should intensify international collaborations， balance animal welfare and economic benefits， propel intelligent and sustainable development， and foster the green transformation of the dairy farming industry.Keywords：bedding;bibliometrics;visualized analysis;recycled manure solids;research hotspot56|18|0<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2025-06-02Isolation and optimization of desulfurizing strains from sheep manure and its desulfurizing effect AI Introduction
Abstract：This study aimed to isolate and optimize high-efficiency desulfurization strains， and provide strain resources for emission reduction of hydrogen sulfide （H2S） and reduce odor emissions from animal husbandry. Deposited manure from sheep farms was collected as the source of strain isolation. Firstly， the strains were isolated by enrichment， separation， purification， and desulfurizing ability determination. The isolated strains were identified by morphology and 16S rRNA sequencing methods. Then the growth conditions including pH， temperature， carbon source， salt content， and inoculation amount of the strains were optimized to determine their optical conditions. The actual desulfurizing effects of the above strains identified were investigated further by measuring all treatments’ daily H2S release amount and calculating their H2S removal rates during feces fermentation’s early stage （day 1 to day 5）. The results showed that： 1） A total of 15 suspected desulfurizing strains were isolated by enrichment culturing. The desulfurizing ability test determined a high-efficient desulfurizing bacterium strain named S12. Its removal rate of H2S by S12 reached 86.86% at 48 h in culture， and S12 was identified as Bacillus velezensis. 2） The optimal growth conditions for S12 were pH 8.0， temperature 35℃， sucrose as carbon source， salt content ω（NaCl） 2.0%， and inoculum amount 5.0%. Under the above conditions， the S12 OD600 reached the highest. 3） During the early stage of feces fermentation， the daily H2S release amount for the S12 supplement was lower （P<0.05） than that in the control group. With the extension of fermentation time， the H2S removal rate increased， and the H2S removal rate at day 5 was higher than that of day 1 （P<0.05）， ranging from 46.34% to 82.87%. Therefore， the Bacillus velezensis （S12） isolated from sheep manure displayed high desulfurization efficiency， which has potential value in livestock manure treatment.Keywords：hydrogen sulfide;isolation;removal rate;Bacillus velezensis;condition optimization44|21|1<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2025-06-02Performance and economic analysis of a combined heating system of solar energy and ground source heat pump AI Introduction
Abstract：In response to the low proportion of green energy utilization and waste of light resources in northern greenhouses， a combined greenhouse heating system was used in this study. The operating performance， heating effect and economic space benefit of the coupling application of solar receiving device and ground source heat pump were analyzed. The results show that： 1） Compared with a single heat pump heating mode， the combined heating mode can increase the heating capacity by 11.87 to 43.98 MJ on typical sunny days in autumn and winter， and increase the nighttime substrate temperature by a maximum of 2.07 ℃； 2） The vacuum tube water collector ground source heat pump combined heating system has the best heating effect in the combined heating system， and can provide heat of 516.30-818.68 MJ on typical sunny days in autumn and winter； 3） The combined heating system can promote the growth and development of tomato plants， increase fruit yield by up to 3.22%， and increase production income by 3 000 yuan/hm2； 4） Compared to the single heat pump heating mode， the energy-saving rate of the combined heating system has increased by 1.32%. Overall， the combined heating system in this study can be promoted and applied in greenhouses.Keywords：greenhouse heating;solar energy;ground source heat pump;combined heating system24|18|0<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2025-06-02Multi‑stage canal system and multi‑objective water distribution optimization in large‑scale irrigation districts and its application AI Introduction
Abstract：Aiming at the complexity of large-scale irrigation canal system structures and the problems of multiple parameters， complex coding， and large computational complexity when formulating water distribution plans， this study coordinates the flow relationships of water between channels during the multilevel canal system water distribution the flow relationships of water between channels to build a multi-objective and multilevel canal system combined with the optimization of water distribution mode. The model is based on the theory of coordination of system decomposition， and dry， branch and bucket， the three-level irrigation canal system， are decomposed into a two-tiered progressive coordination model. The first layer is a multi-objective water distribution model with objectives of minimizing water loss and irrigation district water deficit， and the second layer is an overall coordinated water distribution model constraining the whole three-level canal system in irrigation district based on genetic algorithm solution. Taking the summer irrigation data of 2023 in a large-scale irrigation district in eastern Shaanxi Province as an example， the optimization effect of the model constructed in this study is verified and compared and analyzed with original empirical water distribution scheme of irrigation district. The results show that： 1） The total amount of irrigation water after optimization is 10.064 5 million m³， which is close to the original plan of 10.355 4 million m³. However， the water distribution cycle is shortened to 36 d， which is a significant reduction compared with the original 56 d， and effectively improves irrigation efficiency. 2） About 89.7 percent of channel distribution flows are improved and 37.9 percent of channel flows are increased by more than 80 percent， which not only improves the overflow capacity of the channels but also reduces the gate capacity. greatly improved. The management operation of the irrigation district is symplified. 3） The optimization scheme reduces water transmission leakage loss by 3.219 million m³. The canal irrigation water utilization coefficient is increased by 0.14 ， which meets the water demand of most of the canals in the irrigation district. Therefore， the model and algorithm constructed in this study can better solve the problem of optimized water distribution in multi-stage irrigation canal systems， and provide a theoretical basis and practical reference for formulating scientific and reasonable water distribution schemes in irrigation districts and promoting the intelligent construction of irrigation districts.Keywords：irrigation canal system;optimal water distribution;decomposition-coordination method;genetic algorithms;multiobjective35|23|1<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2025-06-02Coupling relationship between the supply-demand pattern of ecosystem service and human activity intensity in Henan Province AI Introduction
Abstract：This study aims to promote the coupling relationship between ecosystem services and human activities. Taking the county units in Henan Province as the research objects， a multi-source data was used to quantitatively evaluate the supply-demand of five different types of ecosystem services. The grain production， water conservation， carbon sequestration and oxygen release， habitat quality， and leisure and recreation of ecosystem services were investigated. The supply-demand pattern was analyzed using the supply-demand ratio. Based on the coupling coordination model， the exploratory spatial data analysis and the generalized additive model， the coupling relationship between the supply-demand of ecosystem services and human activity intensity was explored. The results showed that： 1） In the supply area of services， only the grain production services exhibited a "high in the east， low in the west" pattern， other ecosystem services showed the opposite， which was a 'high in the west， low in the east' pattern. The high-demand areas for services were predominantly concentrated in the main urban areas characterized by high human activity intensity. 2） The grain production， water conservation， habitat quality， and leisure and recreation services were all in surplus， with supply-demand ratios of 0.003， 0.110， 0.386， and 0.013， respectively. However， the carbon sequestration and oxygen release service was in deficit， with a supply-demand ratio of -0.019. 3） The coupling relationship between the supply-demand ratio of integrated ecosystem services and the intensity of human activities was robust， with an overall coupling coordination degree ranging between 0.8 and 1.0. The “high-high” aggregation areas were primarily located in the mountainous and hilly regions of the west， and the “low-low” aggregation areas were found in the main urban areas of some cities. 4） The human activity intensity significantly affected the supply-demand ratio of integrated ecosystem services （P<0.001）， showing a trend of initial decrease followed by an increase. Therefore， management strategies should be adapted to local conditions. In areas with high demand for ecosystem services， it is necessary to control the rate of urban expansion， allocate natural resources rationally， and enhance the capacity for service provision to ensure a balance between supply and demand. In contrast， for regions where the supply of ecosystem services exceeds the demand， strategies should focus on optimizing land use patterns， fully leveraging ecosystem functions， and improving resource efficiency to promote sustainable local economic development.Keywords：ecosystem services;supply and demand pattern;coupling relationship;human activity intensity46|15|5<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2025-06-02Identification of “production-living-ecological” space based on data fusion: A case study of Tianjin City AI Introduction
Abstract：Identifying “production-living-ecological” （PLE） space is critical for recognizing and classifying national territorial space. This study constructs an integrated PLE space recognition system to identify PLE space accurately and efficiently. The functional grid calculation method， analytic hierarchy process method， and multiple data fusion weighted calculation method are adopted. Taking Tianjin as the study object， this region’s PLE space is identified and classified based on the point of interest data and land use data. The results demonstrated that：1） Within Tianjin， the area of production space is the largest， followed by the combined production-living space， and then the combined production-ecological space. The ecological space and combined living-ecological space occupy relatively smaller areas. 2） In terms of the layout of the PLE function， the production function is particularly prominent in suburban areas but weaker in urban districts； The living function radiates outward from the central urban area， and the ecological function is most prominent in the northern mountainous regions of Tianjin， followed by suburban and urban areas. In summary， the PLE Space recognition system proposed in this study exhibits accuracy and reliability when applied to Tianjin， providing a basis for the rational layout of national territorial space in the city.Keywords：“production-living-ecological” space;data fusion;spatial identification;land use;point of interest data59|24|0<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2025-06-02Impacts of rural population aging on food production capacity：Based on the moderating effect of land transfer to new types of operating entities AI Introduction
Abstract：To explore the challenges of “who will farm” and “how to farm better” under the backdrop of rural population aging， a panel data set from 30 provinces in China between 2009 and 2022 was used. Two-way fixed effects model was employed to empirically examine the impact of rural population aging on grain production capacitto focusing on the moderating effect of land transfer on new types of agricultural business entities. The results indicate： 1） Rural population aging significantly reduces grain production capacity， and promoting land transfer to new types of agricultural business entities is an important means to alleviate this negative impact， which remains valid after multiple robustness checks； 2） Geographically， compared to central regions， the rural population aging significantly decreases grain production capacity in eastern and western regions， while the positive moderating effect of land transfer to new types of agricultural business entities is only evident in eastern regions； 3） In terms of terrain conditions， the rural population aging significantly suppresses grain production capacity in both flat and steep areas， but the mitigating effect of land transfer to new types of agricultural business entities is only observed in flat areas； 4） From the perspective of mechanization levels， the rural population aging has a stronger inhibitory effect on grain production capacity in low-mechanization areas compared to high-mechanization areas， and promoting land transfer to new types of agricultural business entities can effectively alleviate the adverse impact. The study recommends continuing to encourage and cultivate new types of agricultural business entities， guiding older farmers with lower production capacities to efficiently and orderly transfer their land to these entities to fully tap into the potential for increasing grain yields and strengthening national food security.Keywords：rural population aging;grain production capacity;new agricultural management entities;land transfer;grain yield per unit area51|24|3<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2025-06-02Spatiotemporal interaction and transition mechanism of carbon emission intensity in Chinese agriculture AI Introduction
Abstract：To achieve carbon emission reduction and meet the dual carbon goal， low-carbon development in the agricultural has become an inevitable trend. From the perspective of spatiotemporal interaction， various spatial analysis methods are employed to explore the pattern differences， dynamic changes， and transition mechanisms of agricultural carbon emission intensity in China. The results indicate that： 1） Between 2006 and 2023， the average carbon emission intensity of Chinese agriculture first increased and then fluctuated downward. From 2006 to 2017， the emission intensity was highest in the Northeast and North China regions， while from 2018 to 2023， the North and South China regions showed the most significant reduction effects. 2） The spatial correlation of agricultural carbon emission intensity first strengthened and then weakened， with the level of spatial clustering tending to stabilize. 3） During the spatiotemporal transition of agricultural carbon emission intensity， there is a inertia effect. Most areas in the Northeast and North China consistently exhibit high carbon emission intensity characteristics， becoming key regions that constrain coordinated agricultural emission reduction. The weak positive correlation in the spatiotemporal network pattern accounts for the highest proportion. 4） The transition of agricultural carbon emission intensity from north to south follows a “same-direction development—same-direction constraint—opposite-direction development” stratified progressive model. The provincial quantile response types are mainly driven by high-quantile driving and high-quantile constraint models. Therefore， formulating differentiated emission reduction strategies， strengthening regional cooperation and coordination， and enhancing the sustainability and flexibility of policies are effective measures to reduce agricultural carbon emission intensity.Keywords：agricultural carbon intensity;LISA time path;transition mechanism;driving mode45|23|4<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2025-06-02A systematic interpretation of new quality agricultural productivity: Elemental composition, structural connection and functional orientation AI Introduction
Abstract：The systematic interpretation of new quality agricultural productivity is the basis for promoting high-quality agricultural development. Based on the literature research method and comparative analysis method， this study analyzes the structural connection and functional orientation of the new quality agricultural productivity system based on defining the composition of the elements of new quality agricultural productivity. The results show that： 1） The system elements of new quality agricultural productivity are composed of new agricultural labor， new agricultural labor materials and new agricultural labor objects. The structure of the new quality agricultural productivity shows the law of evolution from a single stable structure to a multiple unstable structure and then to a multiple stable structure. The system of new quality agricultural productivity is characterized by complexity， dynamism， advancement， relativity and diversity. 2） The system function of the new quality agricultural productivity contains the value orientation of reshaping the modern agricultural industrial system， optimizing the modern agricultural production system， improving the modern agricultural management system and sounding the modern agricultural circulation system. 3） Accelerating the development of new quality agricultural productivity under the perspective of systemic thinking should be explored in terms of practical paths of organizational leadership， factor cultivation， innovation support and policy guarantee. This study explores the “elemental composition， structural connection and functional orientation” of new quality agricultural productivity from the perspective of system theory， and provides scientific references for comprehensive understanding and the development of new quality agricultural productivity according to local conditions in practice.Keywords：systematic thinking;new quality agricultural productivity;system elements;structural connection;functional orientation;high-quality agricultural development54|29|1<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2025-06-02Evolution and convergence of the terms of agricultural trade in China and countries along the Belt and Road AI Introduction
Abstract：To explore the convergence or divergence of gains from agricultural trade in China and countries along the Belt and Road， a panel data of China and countries along the Belt and Road from 1996 to 2021 was used to investigate the evolution characteristics of terms of agricultural trade in China and countries along the Belt and Road by using the terms of trade index based on the perspective of product types changes. Several convergence test methods were used to evaluate whether there was a convergence trend in terms of agricultural trade in China and countries along the Belt and Road. The results show that： 1） China’s terms of agricultural trade are deteriorating overall， and are significantly lower than those in countries along the Belt and Road. 2） There is a positive correlation between terms of agricultural trade and the income level of the sample countries， and the higher the income level， the higher the terms of agricultural trade. 3） The terms of agricultural trade in China and countries along the Belt and Road have σ convergence， absolute β convergence， conditional β convergence and club convergence， showing the characteristics of steady-state equilibrium of total stability and multivariate local stability. Therefore， it is necessary to enhance competitive advantages， strengthen mutual benefit and win-win results， and reduce cooperation risks to improve the terms of agricultural trade in China at the export and import ends， and support the high-quality development of agricultural cooperation in the Belt and Road.Keywords：countries along the Belt and Road;terms of agricultural trade;convergence;trade price index;gains from trade43|18|0<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2025-06-02Impact of agricultural digital transformation on the quality of exported agricultural products AI Introduction
Abstract：To explore the correlation between agricultural digital transformation and the quality of exported agriculture products， this study is based on a set of panel data from 30 provinces （cities， autonomous regions） in China from 2009 to 2021（the data do not include those of Xizang， Hong Kong， Macao and Taiwan regions. The same below）. An agricultural digital indicator system are constructed from three dimensions： infrastructure， agricultural industry digitization， and agricultural digital industrialization. Empirical tests were conducted to investigate the impact of agricultural digital transformation on the quality of exported agricultural products. The study found that： 1） There is a U-shaped correlation between agricultural digital transformation and the quality of exported agricultural products， which is initially suppressed and then promoted. After a series of robustness tests and addressing endogeneity issues， the above conclusion still holds true； 2） The impact of agricultural digital transformation on the quality of exported agricultural products is heterogeneous， particularly evident in major production areas， balanced production and sales areas， and non-resource-based provinces； 3） Rural human capital is the key channel for the impact of agricultural digital transformation on the quality of exported agricultural products， and the strength of government environmental regulations plays a regulatory role in the relationship between agricultural digital transformation and the quality of exported agricultural products. Based on the conclusion above， this study proposes policy recommendations to accelerate the digital construction of agriculture， establish a long-term mechanism for improving the quality of agricultural products around resources and advantages， and promote the enhancement of rural human capita. This study provids references and inspiration for empowering the quality improvement of exported agricultural products through digital agriculture.Keywords：agricultural digital transformation;quality of exported agricultural products;rural human capital;environmental regulation42|18|1<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2025-06-02- Abstract：To explore the impact of internet use on rural residents’ food consumption upgrading and its mechanism， based on the 2020 China Rural Revitalization Survey （CRRS） data， this study empirically analyzes the effect of Internet use on rural residents' food consumption upgrading and its internal mechanisms from the perspective of food consumption structure and quality upgrading by using binary logit and intermediary effects. The results show that： 1） Internet use can significantly promote the upgrading of rural residents' food consumption structure and quality. 2） Internet use has varying degrees of impact on the upgrading of food consumption structure and quality of rural residents in different age groups， different income levels and different regions. 3） Internet use mainly the upgrading of food consumption structure by improving income level， food accessibility and health awareness. Internet use promotes the upgrading of food consumption quality by improving income level and health awareness. Based on this， the article proposes to improve the rural Internet and logistics and other digital economic infrastructure based on optimizing the Internet platform transaction services， narrowing the rural food supply gap between regions， and promoting the income of rural residents with the help of digital rural construction， lay the economic foundation for food consumption upgrading and finally achieve the overall upgrading of rural food consumption.Keywords：internet;rural residents;food consumption;structural upgrade;quality upgrade39|15|0<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2025-06-02
Research context and trend of China’s farmland institution based on bibliometric analysis AI Introduction
Abstract：To comprehensively review and summarize the context， hotspots and trends of the research on China’s farmland tenure system， based on 1 495 high-quality papers indexed by CSCD， CSSCI and Peking University Core from 1992 to 2022 in the China National Knowledge Infrastructure （CNKI）， the CiteSpace software was used to draw a scientific knowledge map of the literature related to China’s farmland tenure system. The evolution process， keyword co-occurrence and keyword cluster analysis of research on China’s farmland tenure system reform were explored. The results showed that： 1） Since the 14th National Congress of the Communist Party of China in 1992， with the deepening of reform and opening-up， the accelerated advancement of urbanization and the escalating importance of food security issues， research on China’s farmland tenure system has exhibited a notable growth trend. 2） The hotpots of the current research on China’s farmland tenure system are primarily centered around core issues such as land circulation， analysis of influencing factors， rural revitalization strategy， land protection and food security. The keywords cluster analysis reveals that research on China’s farmland tenure system mainly focuses on three major themes： dynamic evolution， theoretical discussion and practical challenges. 3） The significance of interdisciplinary research on the field of China’s farmland tenure system is becoming increasingly apparent， challenges such as land fragmentation， complexity of ownership and difficulties of land transfer are becoming increasingly severe. Future research can adhere to the framework of “characteristic aggregation-cause analysis-dynamic governance”， actively explore novel governance mechanisms， innovate the implementation modes of the “three rights” separation， specify detailed pathways for policy execution and establish a diversified co-governance system.Keywords：farmland;research trajectory;research trends;CiteSpace;visualization58|17|1<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2025-06-02
