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- Abstract：To enhance the universality and accuracy of the near-infrared analysis model for straw aerobic composting across different spectral devices. Corn stover and cow manure were used as raw materials to conduct static trough aerobic composting and membrane-covered aerobic composting. Samples were collected throughout the composting process， and four key parameters moisture content， total nitrogen， total carbon， and organic matter content were analyzed. Near-infrared spectra were collected using benchtop and handheld spectrometers， and corresponding predictive models were developed. Model transfer between the two instruments was achieved using Direct Standardization （DS） and Canonical Correlation Analysis algorithms， enabling better compatibility and data sharing between the benchtop and portable devices. The results demonstrate that both algorithms effectively facilitate the transfer of models for composting process parameters， with the DS algorithm exhibiting superior performance. Specifically， the moisture content and total nitrogen models exhibit good performance after model transfer. The moisture content model of the portable spectrometer achieved an Ratio of Prediction to Devision （RPD） of 2.62， and the total nitrogen model reached an RPD of 2.00. While the total carbon and organic matter content models did not achieve the same high performance levels， there was a significant improvement compared to models without transfer. Their RPD values increased from 0.33 and 0.39 to 1.78 and 1.76， respectively. The two algorithms effectively corrected spectral discrepancies between instruments， mitigating the limitations of instrument variation in near-infrared spectroscopy for composting applications and enhancing the interoperability of different spectrometers. This study provides a novel solution for high-frequency on-site monitoring of the composting process， offering practical strategies for field applications.Keywords：aerobic composting;composting process parameters;NIRS;model transfer229|22|0<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-07
- Abstract：In order to explore a more environment friendly rice cultivation method， the effects of mulching treatment on rice yield increase and emission reduction were clarified. Studies with mulched rice in Northeast China， based on a 2-year field trial in 2022 and 2023， the effects of three different cultivation methods， drip irrigation with biodegradable mulching （BMD）， drip irrigation without mulching （DI）， and continuous flooding in rice paddy field （CF）， on rice yield characteristics and greenhouse gas emissions during the growing season in the northeastern region were investigated. The results showed that： In terms of rice yield， the CF treatment had the highest yield， the DI treatment was at least 20.78% lower than that of the CF treatment. The rice yield of BMD treatment significantly was increased by at least 21.99% than that of DI treatment （P<0.05）. In terms of the greenhouse gas emission characteristics， the CH4 and N2O emissions from all treatments within the growing season of rice displayed similar emission characteristics， showing an increasing and decreasing trend alternately， and the emission peaks of the treatments appeared in June and July. In addition， the changes of global warming potential （GWP） and greenhouse gases intensity （GHGI） of rice in different cultivation modes showed similar trends. Compared with the CF treatment， both BMD and DI reduced GWP and GHGI. The BMD treatment had the greatest reduction level， which was more than 60% for 2 years， and had the best emission reduction effect among the three treatments. Therefore， the BMD treatment had the best effect of increasing yield and reducing GHGI among the three treatments. This study can provide a scientific basis for the development of planting measures to stabilize and increase rice yield in the northeast region while reducing carbon emissions.Keywords：rice;biodegradable mulch;yield;greenhouse gas emissions;Northeast China237|147|0<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-07
- Abstract：To quantitatively reveal the propagation patterns of meteorological drought to agricultural drought and the influence of driving factors in the Yellow River Basin， this study utilized precipitation data and the self-calibrated Palmer Drought Severity Index （sc-PDSI） data from 1982 to 2021 in the Yellow River Basin. The Standardized Precipitation Index （SPI） and sc-PDSI were employed to characterize meteorological drought and agricultural drought， respectively. The maximum Pearson correlation coefficient method was used to calculate and analyze the propagation time and its spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of meteorological drought to agricultural drought across different seasons. Furthermore， this study comprehensively considered meteorological factors （precipitation， temperature， potential evapotranspiration）， underlying surface factors （slope， aspect， elevation， and surface incision depth）， and human activities （land use type） that influence drought propagation， using the GeoDetector method to explore their explanatory power on drought propagation time. Results reveal that the propagation time of meteorological to agricultural drought in the Yellow River Basin has pronounced seasonal and regional characteristics. Temporally， the propagation time in autumn and winter is noticeably longer than in spring and summer. Spatially， drought propagation time shows significant spatial heterogeneity across seasons. Factor detector indicates that the dominant factors influencing the spatiotemporal heterogeneity of drought propagation time vary across seasons： elevation， temperature， and precipitation are the primary factors in spring and summer， while precipitation is the main factor in autumn and winter. Interaction detection analysis further reveals that the interactions between precipitation and temperature， as well as precipitation and elevation， have the most significant impact. In conclusion， this study provides a scientific basis for formulating effective drought early warning mechanisms and optimizing water resource management strategies.Keywords：meteorological drought;agricultural drought;drought propagation time;geodetector;the Yellow River Basin187|27|3<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-07
- Abstract：The degradation of black soil in Northeast China seriously threatens food security and ecosystem balance in China， and farmland rotation is an effective measure to protect black soil. In order to promote farmland rotation and improve the quality of black soil， the farmland rotation of farmers in the northeast black soil area was taken as the research object， and the government， village collective and farmers were included in the same dynamic game evolution model according to the principle of game theory. Through a numerical simulation， the decision-making characteristics of tripartite subjects under single strategy and combination strategy and the evolution trend of tripartite behavior under the change of policy conditions were compared and analyzed. The behavior characteristics and complex game relationship among relevant stakeholders were explored to optimize the farmland rotation strategy in the black soil area. The results indicate that： The single strategy has a limited effect on improving farmers' willingness to rotate crops and can easily lead to strategy imbalance. The multiple strategies significantly increase farmers' willingness to rotate crops and the game system converges to the ideal state faster. Implementing the single strategy or the combination strategy has significant differences in farmers' rotation behavior. Among them， when the single strategy adopted by the government and village collectives only exceeds the threshold， farmers can actively rotate crops. However， it causes a phenomenon of strategy imbalance； The synchronous implementation of the combination strategy of both reward and punishment can avoid the phenomenon of single strategy imbalance， and the combination strategy promotes the game system to converge to the ideal state faster than the single strategy； The improvement of soil quality and the increase in economic income have a significant positive impact on farmers' crop rotation decisions. Therefore， it is necessary to focus on introducing behavioral outcome feedback and behavioral benefit acquisition strategies， and establishing long-term mechanisms to strengthen farmers' crop rotation behavior. This study provided a scientific basis for promoting crop rotation in the black soil area of Northeast China.Keywords：cropland conservation;food security;crop rotation;strategy optimization;evolutionary game;the black soil area of Northeast China196|16|1<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-07
- Abstract：The standard system for returning livestock and poultry manure to farmland is the foundation for guiding and regulating the resource utilization of livestock and poultry manure. However， there are still problems exist in the standard system for returning livestock and poultry manure to farmland， such as the lack of base numbers， insufficient coordination between standards and the lagging update of the standards. This study examined the standard system for returning livestock and poultry manure to farmland published since 1989， analyzing the structure of the standard system and summarizing issues such as conflicting standard limits， outdated standards， and operational challenges. The results revealed three key problems. Firstly， there were conflicts in standard limits， such as discrepancies between the hygienic， heavy metal， and physicochemical specifications of solid and liquid manure management protocols. Secondly， there was a problem of outdated standards. Currently， approximately 29 relevant standards have been in effect for over a decade， failing to address contemporary application requirements and demonstrating systemic issues of prolonged validity cycles and delayed updates. Thirdly， there were operational issues with the standards， including the lack of precise standards for manure application， as well as the dearth of specific standards for different regions and livestock， there was an absence of key standards regarding pollutants， essential technologies， facilities， equipment， and detection methods for manure’s main components in farmland utilization. Insufficient operational guidelines to address potential environmental risks， resulting in poor practicality. To address these issues， three suggestions were proposed. Firstly， overall planning and coordination should be strengthened， and the standards that are lacking， conflicting， lagging， or challengingto operate should be systematically revised. Secondly， supporting technical guarantees should be enhanced. A comprehensive monitoring network should be developed. It is recommended that practical and economical integrated technologies be developed， a comprehensive monitoring network be established， and supporting facilities and equipment be developed. Thirdly， it is recommended that basic research be reinforced. It is necessary to strengthen research on standards for the utilization of manure from different regions and animal breeds in returning farmland. This should include verification and analysis research on environmental pollution risks， important parameters and indicators of standards， and the tracking and evaluation of the implementation effects of key standards.Keywords：livestock and poultry manure;return to the farmland for use;standard system;current situation;existing problem196|29|2<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-07
- Abstract：In order to investigate the effects of soil moisture on maize root system and yield under different supplementary irrigation amounts， five supplementary irrigation treatments of 900 （W1）， 1，050 （W2）， 1，200 （W3）， 1，350 （W4） and 1，500 m3/hm2 （CK） were set up in one Nalin orchard of Jungar Banner， Inner Mongolia in 2022-2023. Determination of soil water content， water consumption， root length density， root surface area density， root weight density， root wounding intensity and yield of maize throughout the reproductive period in different treatments， and the interaction effects between soil moisture， root distribution and the two were investigation of conducted. The results showed that： The soil water content， water storage and water consumption increased with the increase of supplementary irrigation， in which water content， water storage and water consumption showed a single-peak curve trend in different soil depths （0-20，>20-40，>40-60 cm） and fertility periods， respectively. Peak values were reached in the >20-40 cm soil layer and during the tasseling stage of the maize. Within the 0-100 cm soil layer， the maize root system was mainly concentrated in the 0-20 cm soil layer， with the proportion of the total root system ranging from 60% to 80%. The root density decreased sharply with the extension of the soil layer depth， and with the increase of irrigation volume， the root density in the surface soil layer of 0-20 cm showed an increasing trend， while the opposite was true for >20-100 cm. In addition， there were significant differences in maize root wounding intensity with increasing supplementary irrigation amount， among which W3 had the highest wounding intensity， which increased by 1.28% to 30.72% compared to the other treatments. The economic yields of W1， W2， W3 and W4 were reduced by 12.78%， 6.34%， 0.51%，5.64% and 9.52%， 7.79%， 3.93%， 0.54% respectively， compared to the CK treatment in 2022 and 2023. W3 had the smallest reduction， but its water use efficiency was 3.37% to 23.17% higher than other treatments. In conclusion， W3 can achieve stable maize yield in this region under limited supplementary irrigation condition and also improve water use efficiency. Therefore， the optimal supplementary irrigation rate for maize in Loess Plateau region of Inner Mongolia is 1 200 m3/hm2 （W3） for the whole reproductive period.Keywords：maize;limited supplementary irrigation;soil moisture;root density;yield;Loess Plateau region of Inner Mongolia191|22|2<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-07
- Abstract：To clarify the effects of nitrogen （N） application rate on fertilizer N， biological nitrogen fixation （BNF）， and nitrogen accumulation in soybean under drip irrigation with plastic film mulching in Xinjiang， and their relationships with yield formation， a split-plot experiment was conducted in 2022 and 2023. Four N application treatment，0 （N0）， 120 （N120）， 180 （N180） and 240 kg/hm2 （N240） were applied at the beginning pod stage （R3） as main plots， with two soybean cultivars （‘Xindadou 27’ and ‘Xinnongdou 2’） as subplots. Measurements were taken from the full flowering stage （R2） to maturity （R8） for parameters including： The nodule number， nodule dry weight， nitrogenase activity， nodule sucrose and starch content， biological nitrogen fixation （BNF）， fertilizer-derived N uptake， total N accumulation， and yield. Relationships between nitrogen application rates and total nitrogen accumulation， fertilizer-derived nitrogen uptake， biological nitrogen fixation， and yield in soybean were analyzed. The results showed that：The nodule number， nodule dry weight， biological nitrogen fixation， nitrogen accumulation， and yield were significantly affected by nitrogen application rates in both experimental years （P<0.05）. Compared with N0， the N180 significantly increased nodule number， nodule dry weight， nodule sucrose content， starch content and sucrose synthase activity， while decreased nitrogenase activity （P<0.05）. Compared with N0， the biological nitrogen fixation of ‘Xindadou 27’and ‘Xinnongdou 2’ in N180 increased by 14.63% and 46.51% in 2022， and by 21.68% and 31.43% in 2023， respectively （P<0.05）. The highest yield of ‘Xindadou 27’ and ‘Xinnongdou 2’ in both years was N180， which were 4 096.68 and 4 292.54 kg/hm2 in 2022， respectively， increased by 19.23% and 25.69% compared with N0 （P<0.05）. In 2023， the yield were 4 404.47 and 4 641.50 kg/hm2， respectively， with an increase of 24.91% and 21.81% compared with N0， respectively （P<0.05）. However， when nitrogen application reached 240 kg/hm2 （N240）， the nodule number， nitrogenase activity， and biological nitrogen fixation capacity all decreased significantly （P<0.05）. Fertilizer nitrogen uptake and total nitrogen accumulation either plateaued or showed only marginal increases， while both yield and nitrogen agronomic use efficiency exhibited significant declines （P<0.05）. In conclusion， applying 180 kg/hm2 of nitrogen at the beginning pod stage （R3） promoted the nodule number， dry weight， and carbohydrate content of nodule， sustained high biological nitrogen fixation capacity， improved nitrogen use efficiency， and facilitated nitrogen accumulation and high yield for spring soybean under drip irrigation with plastic film mulching in Xinjiang.Keywords：spring soybean;N application rate;nodule fixation of nitrogen;nitrogen use efficiency;yield195|25|2<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-07
- Abstract：To explore the biological function of foxtail millet SiDIR1 involved in drought resistance and salt tolerance， a foxtail millet nsLTP family member， SiDIR1， was cloned using ‘Yugu 1’ as the material， and an overexpression vector pCAM-SiDIR1 was constructed. The transgenic lines of Nicotiana benthamiana overexpressing SiDIR1 were obtained through Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation method， and the changes of morphological and physiological indices of wild-type （WT） and SiDIR1 transgenic plants were analyzed under the treatment of normal condition （sterile water， CK）， drought （0.033 mol/L PEG-6000） and salt （0.200 mol/L NaCl） stress. The results showed that： Under drought and salt stress conditions， overexpression of millet SiDIR1 gene in tobacco plants could significantly decrease the leaf wilting index， and significantly increase the leaf surface area and above-ground fresh weight， indicating that the introduction of millet SiDIR1 gene into tobacco plants could enhance the drought resistance and salt tolerance of plants； overexpression of SiDIR1 could significantly increase the relative content of chlorophyll （SPAD） in tobacco leaves； overexpression of SiDIR1 could significantly increase the activities of peroxidase （POD） and superoxide dismutase （SOD）， and significantly decrease the content of malondialdehyde （MDA） in tobacco， thereby reducing the accumulation of reactive oxygen species （ROS） and the damage of cell membrane. In conclusion， the heterologous expression of SiDIR1 in N. benthamiana could effectively improve the drought and salt tolerance of plants， and SiDIR1 might improve the drought resistance and salt tolerance of plants by maintaining the stability of chlorophyll， activating the plant oxidative defense and alleviating the cellular oxidative damage.Keywords：foxtail millet;SiDIR1;drought resistance;salt tolerance;function157|13|0<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-07
- Abstract：To screen the ARF genes related to anthocyanin synthesis in colored potatoes， based on the transcriptome sequencing data of potatoes， bioinformatics methods were used to analyze the physicochemical properties， phylogenetic evolution， conserved motifs， and cis-acting elements of the promoter of the gene family members. The expression patterns of nine StARFs genes related to anthocyanin synthesis in different growth stages of purple-flesh and white-flesh potatoes were verified by qRT-PCR. The results showed that： A total of 55 StARFs genes were screened and divided into four subfamilies. Members of the same subfamily have similar conserved motifs and domains，which indicate their similar functions. The results of the prediction of the cis-elements of the promoters showed that， nine StARFs contained hormone response elements， and five StARFs contained MYB binding site response elements， which might cooperate with MYB genes to regulate anthocyanin synthesis.The qRT-PCR results showed that seven StARFs among the nine StARFs were highly expressed in the yellow-skin white-flesh potato ‘Atlantic’ and lowly expressed in ‘Huasong 66’； the other two StARFs were highly expressed in the purple-skin purple-flesh potato ‘Huasong 66’ and lowly expressed in ‘Atlantic’. The nine StARFs genes were highly likely to be involved in the biosynthesis process of anthocyanin in potato tubers.Keywords：colored potatos;anthocyanin;ARF transcription factor;bioinformatics;expression pattern165|17|0<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-07
- Abstract：To establish a flow cytometry method for large-scale rapid identification of chrysanthemum ploidy， the diploid chrysanthemum indicum and the hexaploid chrysanthemum ‘Qiuyan’ were used as study materials. Three methods were adopted to prepare nuclear suspension. By comparing the advantages and disadvantages of the three methods in determining the ploidy， the grinder grinding method was selected as the optimal method. A total of five factors in the grinder grinding method were explored， including lysis buffer， the rotation speed of the grinder， lysis time， the mesh number of the filtering nylon mesh and staining time. The results showed that： 1） All three sample preparation methods could accurately determine the ploidy. The sample prepared by the blade chopping method displayed a better peak shape， but it took the longest time. The sample prepared by the mortar grinding method had a medium peak shape and a moderate time consumption. The sample prepared by the grinder grinding method had a medium peak shape and the shortest time consumption. 2） The grinder grinding method， using Otto lysis buffer with the rotation speed of 1 200 to 1 400 r/min， the lysis time of 0 min， 200 to 500 mesh nylon mesh and thestaining time of 5 min， could process the samples more quickly and achieve a better detection effect. In conclusion， the grinder grinding method based on flow cytometry achieved the same accurate detection results as the mortar grinding method and the blade chopping method for sample preparation. It realized the rapid batch identification of chrysanthemums’ chromosome ploidy， providing a quick and reliable technical method for the ploidy identification of chrysanthemums.Keywords：chrysanthemum;ploidy identification;flow cytometry;method optimization;rapid identification149|19|0<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-07
- Abstract：This research focused on exploring the impact of epicatechin （EC） on the low-temperature preservation of semen from Duolang sheep in Xinjiang at 5 ℃. In the experiment， EC at different concentrations （0， 250， 300， 375， 450 and 600 μmol/L） was added to the sheep semen diluent. The semen was then stored in a low-temperature environment for 0 to 168 hours. During this period， sperm motility， survival rate， plasma membrane integrity， acrosome integrity， and the activities of superoxide dismutase （SOD） and catalase （CAT） were measured. The results were as follows： 1） During the storage process， it was found that after 168 hours of storage， the sperm motility of the 375 μmol/L experimental group was significantly higher than that of the 250 μmol/L experimental group （P<0.05）. The sperm survival rate and plasma membrane integrity rate of the 375 μmol/L group were significantly higher than those of the 250， 450， and 600 μmol/L experimental groups （P<0.05）. The sperm acrosome integrity rate of the 375 μmol/L group was significantly higher than that of the 250 and 600 μmol/L experimental groups （P<0.05）. After 24， 72， 120， and 168 hours of storage （except for the 450 μmol/L group）， the CAT activity of the 375 μmol/L experimental group was significantly higher than that of the control group and other experimental groups （P<0.05）. After 24， 120 （except for the 600 μmol/L group）， and 168 hours of storage， the SOD activity of the 375 μmol/L experimental group was significantly higher than that of the control group and other experimental groups （P<0.05）. 2） With the extension of storage time， sperm motility， survival rate， membrance integrity， acrosome integrity rate， and enzyme activity all showed a downward trend. In the storage process， the sperm motility， survival rate， plasma membrane integrity， and acrosome integrity of each experimental group were significantly higher than those of the control group （P<0.05）. Among them， the 375 μmol/L experimental group performed the best in terms of sperm motility， survival rate， plasma membrane integrity， and acrosome integrity. In conclusion， adding 375μmol/L epicatechin to the sheep semen diluent under low-temperature conditions can enhance the preservation effect of semen， providing a reference for optimizing the preservation technology of high-quality ram semen.Keywords：sheep;sperm;epicatechin;low temperature storage144|13|1<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-07
- Abstract：In order to prepare monoclonal antibodies against Brucella Bp26 protein and identify its biological characteristics， Bp26 recombinant protein was prepared by prokaryotic expression system. Balb / c mice were immunized with purified Bp26 protein， and monoclonal antibodies against Brucella Bp26 protein were prepared by hybridoma technology. The specificity was identified by western immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence assay， and the affinity constant and blocking activity were determined by ELISA， Finally， the antigen recognition epitopes were identified by dot blot hybridization. The results showed that： 1 ） Brucella Bp26 protein was successfully expressed， and its relative molecular mass was about 26 ku. 2 ） Two Bp26 monoclonal antibody cell lines （ 6E8 and 4C4 ） were obtained. Western blotting showed that the two Bp26 monoclonal antibodies had strong specific reactions with recombinant Bp26 protein and Brucella Bp26 protein. Indirect immunofluorescence showed that Bp26 monoclonal antibody could specifically recognize Brucella melitensis M5-90 strain infected with macrophages， but it could not recognize M5-90△Bp26 strain infected macrophages. ELISA showed that the affinity constants of monoclonal antibodies 6E8 and 4C4 were 2.58×10-7 and 2.34×10-7 mol / L， respectively， and the antibody blocking rates were more than 80%. The results of dot blot hybridization showed that the amino acid sequence of the epitope recognized by monoclonal antibody 6E8 was 23ASPDMAILNL32， and that of monoclonal antibody 4C4 was 73GINIQPIYVYPD84. In summary， two monoclonal antibodies against different epitopes of Brucella Bp26 protein were successfully prepared in this study， which had good specificity， binding ability and blocking activity. It not only laid a foundation for further exploration of the biological characteristics of Brucella Bp26 protein， but also provided technical support for the establishment of Brucella diagnostic technology.Keywords：Brucella;Bp26 protein;monoclonal antibody;epitope identification152|22|0<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-07
- Abstract：To investigate the effects of xylose addition on the Maillard reaction degree， in vitro rumen degradation， and small intestinal digestive properties， this study was conducted by crushing soybean meal feedstuffs and adding xylose at concentrations of 0.5%， 1.0%， 1.5%， 2.0%， and 2.5% to the extruded puffing soybean meal using a twin-screw extrusion process. The impact of the extrusion puffing process on the protein Maillard reaction of soybean meal was analyzed by measuring color differences， the degree of browning， and the composition of fiber and protein. Additionally， rumen fluid was collected from four Angus steers， each weighting 400 kg and fitted with permanent fistulas， and a three-step in vitro method was employed to examine the effects of xylose addition on the rumen degradation characteristics and small intestinal digestion of extruded puffing soybean meal. The results showed as follows： 1） The neutral detergent fiber （NDF）， neutral detergent insoluble crude protein （NDICP）， acid detergent fiber （ADF）， and acid detergent insoluble crude protein （ADICP） of the samples significantly increased with the increase of xylose Highly supplemental level （P<0.001）， and the nitrogen solubility index （NSI） extremely significantly decreased （P<0.001）. 2）Different amounts of xylose addition have a significant impact on the color parameters （L*， a*， b*， and ΔE） and the degree of Maillard reaction （MR）（OD249 and OD420） （P<0.05） . The values of a* and ΔE increased significantly with higher xylose addition， while L* and b* decreased significantly （P<0.05）. 3）The rumen-undegradable rate of DM， in vitro total digestive tract digestibility， rumen-undegradable protein （RUP（CP））， RUP， and small intestinal digestible crude protein （IDCP） in the extrusion and puffing treatment group were significantly higher than those in the soybean meal group （P<0.05）. Additionally， the rumen-undegradable rate of DM in the xylose addition groups of 1.0% and 1.5% was significantly higher than that in the control group and other treatment（P<0.05）.In conclusion， adding xylose can significantly enhance the Maillard reaction of extrusion puffing soybean meal and increase its rumen passage rate， and the rumen passage effect of soybean meal supplemented with 1.0% xylose is optimal.Keywords：soybean meal;extrusion puffing;Maillard reaction;xylose;in vitro fermentation149|23|0<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-07
- Abstract：To rapidly identify the trematode metacercariae species infecting freshwater fish， five pairs of specific primers were designed based on the conserved regions of Clonorchis sinensis， Metorchis orientalis， Metagonimus yokogawai， Echinochasmus japonicus and Echinostoma hortense sequences in GenBank， and a multiplex PCR method was established. The results showed that： 1） In the PCR reaction system， the optimal primer concentration was 10 μmol/L， the optimal annealing temperature was 59 ℃， and the specific fragments for each trematode species could be amplified simultaneously. The detected results of Clinostomum complanatum， Holostephanus sp.， Echinostoma revolutum， Fasciola hepatica and Schistosoma turkestanicum were all negative. The minimum detectable concentration of recombinant plasmid DNA for five species trematode metacercariae was 1 ng/μL； Both inter-batch and intra-batch experiments were consistent. 2） The multiplex PCR detection results were validated by single PCR， and the coincidence rate was 100%. 3） Among the 100 Pseudorasbora parva samples detected by multiplex PCR， and 21 （21/100， 21%） were positive， eight （8/100， 8%） were single pathogen infections， and 13 （13/100， 13%） were mixed infections involving multiple pathogens. The positive rates for C. sinensis， M. orientalis， M. yokogawai， E. japonicus and E. hortense were 11 （11%）， nine （9%）， four （4%）， eight （8%）， and eight （8%）， respectively， which were consistent with the results obtained by single PCR and morphological methods. In conclusion， this study successfully established a multiplex PCR method for the simultaneous detection of trematode metacercariae in fish， including C. sinensis， M. orientalis， M. yokogawai， E. japonicus and E. hortense. This method has the advantages of strong specificity， high sensitivity， and excllent repeatability， which is expected to be applied in fish disease detection， sudden fish related public health events， and entry-exit inspection and quarantine.Keywords：Clonorchis sinensis;Metorchis orientalis;Metagonimus yokogawai;Echinochasmus japonicus;Echinostoma hortense;multiplex PCR155|15|0<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-07
- Abstract：To evaluate and compare the nutritional quality and characteristics of fish muscle from grass carp fed with broad bean （referred to as "broad bean aquaculture"） and ordinary aquaculture， a analysis was conducted to compare the body color， physicochemical properties， in vitro digestion， and muscle microstructure between broad been aquacultured and ordinary aquacultured grass craps. The results showed that： 1） Compared to ordinary aquaculture， grass carp in broad bean aquaculture had darker body color， especially on the gill covers， dorsal fins， scales， and tail fins. 2） The protein content of grass carp in broad bean aquaculture increased by 10.57%， significantly （P<0.05） higher than that of ordinary aquaculture grass carp. 3） In the sensory evaluation of raw fish muscle， grass carp in broad bean aquaculture exhibited more stronger fragrance with less earthy and fishy odor， showing higher overall acceptability. In cooked fish muscle， the texture of grass carp in broad bean aquaculture was firmer， more elastic， and tender with uniform color， stronger fragrance， and lighter earthy taste. 4） Compared to grass carp in ordinary aquaculture， the hardness， cohesiveness， and chewiness of the fish muscle from grass carp in broad bean aquaculture increased by 74.26%， 70.90%， and 70.77%， respectively. 5） The inosine monophosphate content of the fish muscle from grass carp in broad bean aquaculture increased by 56.33% compared to grass carp in ordinary aquaculture. 6） In the microstructure cross-section of grass carp in broad bean aquaculture， muscle fibers with a maximum external diameter （d） of 50 μm accounted for 45.25% of the total fibers， and fibers with d less than 70 μm accounted for 94.12%. In the microstructure cross-section of regular farmed grass carp， muscle fibers with d of 50 μm accounted for 57.85% of the total fibers， and fibers with d less than 35 μm accounted for 94.20%. In conclusion， compared to grass carp in ordinary aquaculture， grass carp in broad bean aquaculture offers advantages in improving the nutritional quality and sensory characteristics of grass carp muscle.Keywords：grass carp;broad bean aquaculture;brittleness treatment;nutritional quality146|18|0<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-07
- Abstract：The Modern Agricultural Research and Development Base in Pingdingshan City， Henan Province， was selected as the research object. A rapid method for the determination of bendazone， 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid， flusulfenoxuron and a total of 11 sulfonylurea herbicides in soil was established. Liquid Chromatography-tandem Mass Spectrometry （LC-MS/MS） technology was adopted. Samples were cleaned-up by stepwise extraction coupled with C18 solid-phase extraction， and quantified by an ACQUITY UPLC® HSS T3 column using a 1% formic acid aqueous solution-acetonitrile as mobile phase gradient. Combined with electrospray positive/negative ion switching multiple reaction monitoring mode， samples were quantitatively analyzed by using LC-MS/MS. The results showed that： 1） A good linear relationship was observed between the injection mass fraction and the corresponding peak areas for the 14 herbicides at mass fractions ranging from 0.05 to 10 μg/kg， with the correlation coefficient of r≥0.99. The spiked recoveries ranged from 88.79% to 119.48%； 2） The residues of acetamiprid in the inter-root soils of healthy and unhealthy leeks in non-healthy growing soil were higher than that in healthy leek inter-root soil， suggesting that ethofumesate residues might be potentially associated with unhealthy leek growth. In conclusion， this study provides technical support for the application of domestic LC-MS/MS instruments， and technical reference for the traceability of herbicides in farmland and the safety assessment of agricultural products.Keywords：LC-MS/MS;herbicide residues;soil;detection technology147|18|0<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-07
- Abstract：Aiming at the problems of less precipitation， large evaporation capacity， serious salinization and shortage of water resources in saline-alkali land in the Yinbei area of Ningxia， deep rotary tillage technology combined with water-saving drip irrigation strategy was adopted. A split-plot experimental design was used. T1 （deep rotary tillage） and T2 （conventional rotary tillage） were the main treatments， and W1 （conventional irrigation， 4 500 m³/hm²）， W2 （water saving 10 %， 4 050 m³/hm²）， W3 （water saving 20 %， 3 600 m³/hm²） and W4 （water saving 30 %， 3 150 m³/hm²） were the secondary treatments. The soil moisture content， salt content， antioxidant enzyme activity， non-enzymatic protective substances and yield of maize leaves were measured. The effects of tillage methods and drip irrigation amount on the physiological characteristics and yield of maize leaves were studied. The results showed that： 1） Compared with the conventional rotary tillage， the soil water content of deep rotary tillage in 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm soil layers increased by 0.28%-5.51% and 5.72%-11.70%， respectively， and the soil salt content decreased by 27.99%-51.19% and 30.41%-46.79%， respectively. 2） The leaf area index of each water-saving treatment of deep rotary tillage increased by 0.3%-6.25% at the silking stage of maize， and the relative chlorophyll content increased by 0.11%-3.62% at the filling stage. 3） At the filling stage of maize， the superoxide dismutase （SOD） activity and peroxidase （POD） activity in the leaves of each water-saving treatment of deep rotary tillage increased by 1.12%-11.81% and 12.41%-19.73%， respectively， compared with those of conventional rotary tillage， while the proline （Pro） content significantly decreased by 46.22%-58.43%， the catalase （CAT） activity increased by 1.55%-18.51%， the malondialdehyde （MDA） content decreased by 7.60%-21.40%， and the cell membrane permeability decreased by 8.55%-15.86%. 4） The comprehensive analysis of maize yield and stress resistance physiological indexes showed that the comprehensive performance of T1W2 treatment was the best. In conclusion， the appropriate water-saving drip irrigation （4 050 m³/hm²） under deep rotary tillage can effectively maintain soil water content， reduce maize topsoil salinity， increase leaf protective enzyme activity， reduce the accumulation of membrane lipid peroxidation products （MDA）， optimize maize leaf area formation and chlorophyll synthesis， so as to achieve water-saving salt control and maize yield increase.Keywords：deep rotary tillage;water saving;antioxidant enzymes;leaf area index;yield163|22|2<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-07
- Abstract：Aiming at the safety and economic issues of a new type of solar greenhouse with flexible thermal insulation rear wall， the mechanical performance and optimization of a 16 m-span greenhouse with flexible thermal insulation rear wall are studied by utilizing ANSYS WORKBENCH. The finite element model of the greenhouse framework is established based on the existing structural dimensions of the greenhouse in Miyun District， Beijing. Various loads acted on the greenhouse are analyzed and calculated， and 8 kinds of load conditions are identified. The internal forces and deformations of the greenhouse framework under 8 kinds of load conditions were simulatedstress and deformation nephogram of greenhouse skeleton. To further optimize the greenhouse framework while ensuring its safety， the static characteristics of greenhouse framework are analyzed by modifying the chord cross-section or adjusting the layout of the belly bar. The results show that： 1）Among the 8 kinds of load conditions， the load condition “dead load+180º wind load + front roof insulation is put away” induced the highest stress and deformation in the greenhouse framework. And the maximum stress was 175.3 MPa and the maximum total deformation was 25.46 mm， which were both within the limits specified in the specification. 2）Based on the two optimization schemes， the steel usage for the trusses of the greenhouse was reduced by 12.3%， or the rebar usage for the belly bar was reduced by 18.23%. Additionally， the light transmission rate for crops through a single steel pipe increased by 6.25%. The two optimization schemes reduce the construction cost of the greenhouse and improve the lighting transmission for crops.Keywords：solar greenhouse;truss structure;load condition;structural optimization;finite element analysis143|13|1<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-07
- Abstract：In response to the problems of information asymmetry， untimely delayed updates and difficulty in implementing information services for new animal and plant species resources in China， a two-step recommendation algorithm that combines deep neural networks and attention mechanisms is proposed in this study. Firstly， based on the full-text data of animal and plant species resources， the algorithm constructs a vocabulary library of animal and plant species， and builds a Siamese BERT（Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers） network. BERT was used to obtain text context-related semantic features. The bidirectional maximum matching algorithm is used to obtain variety dictionary feature vectors.Integrates semantic and dictionary features， a regression model was trained through similarity calculation to achieve the similarity judgment between new animal and plant varieties and historical varieties. Next， by integrating factors influencing variety recommendation， such as user static attribute characteristics， user behavior characteristics， and animal and plant variety resource characteristics， the industry differences and habits of users in the agricultural field are comprehensively analyzed. A user feature and variety feature representation method is proposed for animal and plant variety recommendation， and a user interest network model is constructed based on Convolutional Neural Network （CNN） and the attention mechanism is introduced to achieve accurate matching and recommendation between users and varieties. By monitoring new variety resources in real time on the internet， fully automatic recommendation of new animal and plant varieties is realized. The experimental performance testing and effectiveness verification results show that the algorithm achieves the accuracy and F1 score evaluation indicators of 84.1% and 0.832， respectively. Compared with the traditional recommendation algorithms based on collaborative filtering and matrix decomposition， the algorithm proposed in this study can more accurately recommend new varieties of animals and plants.Keywords：animal and plant variety resources;recommend;deep neural network;two-step recommendation;interest model148|26|0<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-07
- Abstract：To provide a comprehensive overview of the research advancements in the domain of domestic and international consumption behavior of edible agricultural products， this study systematically reviewed the literature from 2000 to 2024 based on the China National Knowledge Infrastructure （CNKI） and Web of Science. By using information visualization tool CiteSpace， the annual publication volumes， prominent publishing institutions and journals， high-productivity researchers， prevalent research hotspots， and emerging research trends in the research field were analyzed and discussed in this study. The findings reveal that： 1） Research on the consumption behavior of edible agricultural products has generally progressed through two distinct phases： A steady growth period （2000—2021） followed by a precipitous decline period （2022—2024）. 2） In China， the core research institutions are predominantly agricultural universities， and internationally， the core research institutions are comprehensive universities and specialized research organizations. Research articles are frequently published in domestic journals such as Agricultural Economics Issues， China Rural Economy and Agricultural Technology Economics， as well as the international journals such as International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health，Appetite and Public Health Nutrition. 3） Domestic authors exhibit a dispersed distribution， with minimal collaboration observed among high-output researchers. Conversely， international high-output researchers collaborate closely and frequently， forming vibrant research teams or collaboration networks. 4） Domestic research hotspots encompass “food security” “influencing factors” and “China”， which are primarily delving into three hierarchical themes： agricultural production and food safety， economic and social development， and consumption and price fluctuations. International research hotspots， on the other hand， include “health” “willingness to pay” and “obesity”， focusing primarily on the following three hierarchical themes： Choice and consumption behavior of edible agricultural products， health and lifestyle， and theories and methods. 5） Future research in China is expected to focus on topics such as “holistic food concept” “rural revitalization” “food security” and “food safety”， while the cutting-edge research trends abroad center on areas like “choice experiments” “adoption” “meta-analysis” and “dietary habits”. To fully and thoroughly explore the inherent laws and external manifestations of the consumption behavior of edible agricultural products， future research should delve deeper into thematic content， explore innovative methods and technologies， and establish collaborative network platforms.Keywords：edible agricultural products;consumer behavior;bibliometrics;CiteSpace148|21|1<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-07
- Abstract：The study aims to explore the overview of the development of new-quality agricultural productivity in China. Theoretically， based on the theory of industrial capital circulation， this study clarifies the logical development of new-quality productivity in agriculture， and empirically， an evaluation index system for new-quality agricultural productivity is constructed from four aspects including new-quality agricultural laborers， new-quality agricultural labor objects， new-quality agricultural means of labor， and leapfrogging through optimized combinations. A combined model of game theory-based combined weighting and TOPSIS-VIKOR is adopted to measure the development levels of new-quality productivity in agriculture across 30 provinces in China from 2012 to 2022 （The data do not include those of Xizang， Hong Kong， Macao and Taiwan regions， the same below）. The Dagum Gini coefficient， Kernel density estimation and Moran’s I index are utilized to analyze the regional disparities and spatio-temporal evolution characteristics. The findings reveal that： During the study period， China's new-quality agricultural productivity level increased annually but remained relatively low， and there were notable disparities across the four major economic zones and three major grain production functional areas. The indices across dimensions rank from high to low as follows： new-quality agricultural means of labor>new-quality agricultural laborers>new-quality agricultural labor objects>leapfrogging through optimized combinations. The overall difference in new-quality agricultural productivity levels fluctuated and declined， and the inter-regional disparities were the primary source of overall disparities. Among most provinces within each region， the absolute difference in new-quality agricultural productivity levels increased， but the polarization phenomenon weakened. There is a spatial positive correlation in the development level of new-quality agricultural productivity， and the most significant correlation is observed in major grain-producing areas.Keywords：new-quality agricultural productivity;development logic;development level;regional disparities;spatiotemporal evolution165|26|3<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-07
- Abstract：To explore the new connotations of China’s food security under the concept of the “Big Food Perspective”， this study constructs a food security evaluation index system based on the provincial-level data from 2010 to 2022. The framework covers five dimensions， including production security， quality security， economic security， consumption security， and circulation security. Using the entropy method for index calculation and leveraging machine learning and SHAP algorithms， the study re-identifies the importance of various influencing variables on food security. The results reveal that： 1）From the perspective of overall evolution trend， China’s food security level exhibited a first decreasing and then increasing trend， and there were a rapid growth in 2012‐2015 and 2018‐2019；2）From the perspective of the evaluation scores of various dimensions， the production security contributed the most to food security， while the economic and quality security showed upward trends. However， the consumption security and circulation security remained the weak links in the food security system；3）From the perspective of factors related to food security， the critical determinants of China’s food security include total meat production， total grain production， total aquatic product output， railway freight volume， agricultural fiscal expenditure， forest coverage rate， and the urban-rural income gap. Based on the above findings， the study proposed policy recommendations in promoting the sustainable development of animal husbandry， improving grain production efficiency， strengthening aquaculture development， and increasing agricultural fiscal spending.Keywords：Big Food Perspective;XGBoost;SHAP;grain security;food security165|23|8<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-07
- Abstract：The objective of this study is to explore the impact mechanism of food price support policies on agricultural socialization services. The impact of the grain price support policy on agricultural socialized services is assessed by the heterochronous Difference-In-Difference （DID） method based on the panel data from 31 provinces （municipalities and autonomous regions） across China from 1997 to 2022（The data do not include those of Hong Kong， Macao and Taiwan regions. The same below.）.The results demonstrates that the policy facilitated the growth of agricultural socialization services by fostering an expansion in operational scale and enhancing the integration of scientific and technological inputs. Further analysis indicates that the food price support policy can simultaneously address the dual objectives of increasing farmers’ incomes and the development of agricultural socialization services. However， achieving both of these goals in the context of a green transformation of agriculture and the deepening of agricultural socialization services is challenging. In light of these findings， the following policy recommendations are proposed： Stimulating the development momentum of socialized services by establishing a stable foundation for food prices， revitalizing the momentum of scientific and technological development of agriculture， creating a foundation for new agricultural productivity， leveraging the momentum of large-scale operations， aggregating the functions of agricultural socialized service organizations； and integrating the balance of multiple objectives to promote green transformation of agriculture. The overarching goal of this study is to promote the development of agricultural socialized services， the modernization of agriculture， and the sustainable prosperity of the rural economy.Keywords：food price support policy;agricultural socialization services;agricultural modernization;heterochronous DID;DID method;policy evaluation153|17|1<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-07
Digital transformation and resource mismatch in agricultural enterprises: Exacerbation or inhibition
Abstract：To explore the relationship between digital transformation and resource misallocation in agricultural enterprises， based on data from Chinese A-share listed companies from 2012 to 2022， a panel data model is employed to examine the impact and mechanism of digital transformation on resource mismatch in agricultural enterprises. The show that： The impact of digital transformation on the mismatch of investment and financing terms exhibits an inverted U-shaped pattern of first exacerbating and then improving. Its impact on labor mismatch has consistently shown significant improvement effect. The results of mechanism test indicate that digital transformation alleviates the mismatch of investment and financing terms by alleviating financing constraints， and alleviates labor mismatch by promoting labor mobility. Precise decision-making by entrepreneurs plays a strengthening role in improving resource mismatch in digital transformation. Further analysis reveals that digital transformation has a significant inverted U-shaped impact on the mismatch of investment and financing periods in state-owned enterprises， while it has no significant impact on non-state-owned enterprises. The improvement effect on labor mismatch in state-owned enterprises is significantly higher than that in non-state-owned enterprises.Keywords：digital transformation;agricultural enterprises;mismatch of investment and financing terms;mismatch of labor force;precise decision-making by entrepreneurs163|20|0<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-07- Abstract：To accurately evaluate the low-carbon production performance of animal husbandry and reveal its spatial-temporal differentiation characteristics and influencing factors， based on the three-stage super-efficiency SBM and GML index， the total factor carbon productivity in animal husbandry and its influencing factors were determined and analyzed in 31 provinces in China from 2001 to 2020（The data do not include those of Hong Kong， Macao and Taiwan regions. The same below）. A panel regression model was used to reveal further the bias and effect of technological progress， technical efficiency， and scale efficiency changes on improving input-output in animal husbandry. The results showed that： 1） China's low-carbon production efficiency in animal husbandry achieved an average annual growth rate of 3.33%， but the overall level was not high （0.695） and the regional differences were obvious， showing a pattern of "South China >Huang-Huai-Hai >Northeast >Qinghai-Tibet >Middle-lower Yangtze River >Northwest and along the Great Wall >Southwest"； 2） The growth of total factor carbon productivity in China's animal husbandry industry is mainly due to technological progress and economies of scale， and the low efficiency of labor input and carbon emission is the main reason for the deviation of total factor carbon productivity from the production frontier； 3） The current technological progress in animal husbandry tends to promote intensive utilization of factors and has no significant impact on carbon emission efficiency， while the technical efficiency has a significant positive impact on the improvement of carbon emission efficiency in animal husbandry； 4） Economic development， government support， animal husbandry industry structure and scientific and technological innovation all have significant effects on total factor carbon productivity of animal husbandry.Keywords：animal husbandry carbon emissions;total factor carbon productivity;three-stage DEA model;GML index;elements utilization efficiency152|23|0<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-07
- Abstract：In order to clarify the effect and mechanism of the rural e-commerce on the integrated urban-rural development at county level， this study takes the comprehensive demonstration policy of e-commerce into rural areas as a quasi-natural experiment， and the relationship between rural e-commerce and the integrated urban-rural development at county level is empirically analyzed by using the panel data of 1，898 counties in China and the multi-period double difference model in the period of 2000-2022. The results show that： 1） The rural e-commerce can promote the integrated urban-rural development at county level. The promotion effect will gradually increase over time， and is still significant after a series of robustness tests. 2） The results of the heterogeneity analysis show that the comprehensive demonstration policy of e-commerce into rural areas has better policy performance at the late stage of rapid development， especially in agricultural e-commerce areas， poor counties and central and western regions. 3） Mechanism analysis shows that the rural e-commerce mainly promotes the integrated urban-rural development at county level by expanding market scale， optimizing industrial structure and promoting the flow of urban and rural capital elements， and the promotion effect will also be regulated by the level of information and communication technology. This study provide empirical evidence and policy enlightenment for promoting the integrated urban-rural development at county level under the background of common prosperity.Keywords：rural e-commerce;urban-rural integrated development at county level;multi-period double difference model;comprehensive demonstration policy of e-commerce into rural areas160|23|0<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-07
