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- Abstract：To explore the superior bioactive components of the main cultivar of Bajie edible rose， Rosa ‘Dianhong’， as well as R. rugosa ‘Fenghua’ and R. rugosa ‘Zizhi’ introduced from Pingyin， Shandong， were selected as research materials. The total polyphenols， total flavonoids and anthocyanins contents of dried flowers of R. ‘Dianhong’ （DH）， dried petals of R. ‘Dianhong’ （DHHB）， dried flowers of R. rugosa ‘Fenghua’ （FH）， and dried flowers of R. rugosa ‘Zizhi’ （ZZ） were determined. Furthermore， the bioactive components， their contents and differences in the three cultivars were analyzed using plant-wide targeted metabolome （UPLC/MS） technology. The results showed that： 1） The total flavonoids and anthocyanins in DH and DHHB were significantly higher than those in FH and ZZ. 2） The main metabolite categories in DH and DHHB were flavonoids， amino acids and its derivatives， organic acids and its derivatives. In contrast， the main metabolite categories in FH were amino acids and its derivatives， organic acids and its derivatives， carbohydrates and alcohols. While those in ZZ were amino acids and its derivatives， flavonoids， and organic acids and its derivatives. Among them， the flavonoids contained in DH and DHHB were significantly higher than those in FH and ZZ. 3） The contents of class Ⅰ flavonoid components （There are 30 components including epicatechin， cyanidin 3-O-rutinoside， astragalin， isoquercitrin， afzelin， etc.） in DH and DHHB were significantly higher than those in FH and ZZ. 4） The main flavonoid components in DH and DHHB included isoquercitrin， astragalin， afzelin， quercetin， epicatechin， dihydrorobinetin， and cyanidin-3-O-rutinoside， which accounted for about 95% of the total flavonoid content. In conclusion， the superior bioactive components in R. ‘Dianhong’ are flavonoids， including key compounds such as isoquercitrin， astragalin， and afzelin， and the contents of these compounds are significantly higher than those in ‘Fenghua’ and ‘Zizhi’.Keywords：Bajie Edible Rose;Rosa ‘Dianhong’;Rosa rugosa ‘Fenghua’;Rosa rugosa ‘Zizhi’;metabolome;flavonoids348|189|0<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-08
- Abstract：To select the optimal water and fertilizer supply levels for cucumber grown facility substrate culture， a completely randomized block experiment design was adopted. Cucumber cultivar ‘Jinyou 35’ was taken as the study material. Based on the cumulative evaporation （Ep） of the 20 cm standard evaporating dish in the facility， three different total irrigation amounts of 3 008.03 （1.2 Ep， W1）， 1 790.96 （0.8 Ep， W2） and 1 002.67 m3/hm2 （0.4 Ep， W3） were designed. According to the target yield method， 3 fertilization levels of high fertilizer （116% fertilizer， F1）， medium fertilizer （89% fertilizer， F2） and low fertilizer （62% fertilizer， F3） were set， and a total of 9 water and fertilizer supply combinations were set. The local conventional irrigation amount （1.0 Ep） and fertilizer application amount （100% fertilizer） were used as the control （CK）. The content of sugar， VC， soluble protein， fatty acids， volatile substances， yield and water and fertilizer utilization ratio of cucumber were determined. The yield， quality index and water and fertilizer utilization ratio of cucumber with different combinations of water and fertilizer were comprehensively evaluated by principal component analysis. The results showed that： The cucumber yields of W2F3， W3F1 and W3F3 were significantly lower than that of CK； The total sugar content of W3F1 fruit was the highest， which was 1.27 times that of CK. The flavor quality of W2F2 fruit was the best， and the total volatile substabces content of W2F2 fruit was increased by 165% compared with CK（P<0.05）. Under the same irrigation quantity， the utilization rate of nitrogen， phosphorus and potassium fertilizer in F3 were all the highest. At the same fertilization level， W3 had the highest water utilization rate. The results of the principal component analysis showed that W3F3 ranked first， followed by W2F2. Since the yield of W2F2 was 1.24 times that of W3F3， W2F2 was determined to be the best combination of water and fertilizer. In summary， under the conditions of this experiment， the drip irrigation level was 1 790.96 m3/hm2 （0.8 Ep， W2）， the nitrogen fertilizer amount was 301.66 kg/hm2， the phosphorus fertilizer amount was 95.85 kg/hm2， and the potassium fertilizer amount was 344.19 kg/hm2 （89% fertilizer amount， F2） is the best combination of water and fertilizer management for high-yield and high-quality production of cucumber through substrate-based cultivation.Keywords：cucumber;facility cultivation;quality;utilization rate of water and fertilizer;principal component analysis483|190|1<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-08
Effects of different grass cover on soil nutrient composition and the microbial community structure in ‘Matheran’ vineyards AI Introduction
Abstract：In order to screen suitable raw grasses for vineyards biograss mulching in the eastern foothills of the Helan Mountain， the ‘Matherland’ vineyard of Junxiang Winery， Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region was taken as study object. Three different raw grass mulching treatments with Medicago sativa L.（AM），Lolium perenne L.（LP），Trifolium repens L.（TR）were set up， and clean tillage （CK） was used as control. The soil physicochemical， enzyme and microbial indexes were measured， and the differences of indexes in different grass mulches were analyzed. The effects of different grass mulches on the nutrient composition and microbial community structure of the ‘MatTerland’ vineyard soil were evaluated. The results showed that： 1） Compared with CK， the degrees of soil salinization of AM，LP and TR decreased by 17.42%， 8.52%， and 21.91%， respectively； The organic matter and organic carbon content were elevated by 19.75%， 8.23% and 24.03%， respectively. The content of total phosphorus and available phosphorus were significantly increased in all treatments， as well as catalase， urease and cellulase activities， with the LP treatment being the most effective. 2） At the level of bacterial phylum classification， Actinobacteriota， Proteobacteria， and Gemmatimonadota were the dominant microbial bacterial community， and the relative abundance of Gemmatimonadota was elevated by 13.54% and 42.06% in LP and TR treatments， respectively； At the level of fungal phylum classification， Ascomycota， Basidiomycota and Chytridiomycota were the dominant fungal community， and the relative abundance of Basidiomycota was elevated by 20.62%（AM）， 19.84%（LP）， and 62.49%（TR） under the three types of biograss cover， respectively. 3） Based on Tax4Fun and FunGuild functional prediction analyses， the bacterial relative abundance values of metabolism was improved by 0.26%， 0.45%， and 0.45%， respectively. The AM and TR treatments were beneficial for soil Pathotroph-Saprotroph fungal colonization， which was enhanced by 21.96% and 3.63% under the two treatments， respectively. 4） Principal component analysis showed that the composite scores of the treatments from high to low were TR>LP>AM>CK. In conclusion， all three types of raw grass covering are beneficial for improving the micro-ecological environment of the vineyard， among which the Trifolium repens L. mulching has the best effect and can be given priority in the production of ‘Marselan’ vineyards in the eastern foot of Helan Mountain， Ningxia.Keywords：vineyard;raw grass cover;soil nutrients;microbial community;functional prediction268|176|0<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-08Identification of Trichoderma antagonizing Botrytis cinerea and its disease prevention effect AI Introduction
Abstract：The aims of this study were to identify the Trichoderma strains with antagonistic action against Botrytis cinerea from healthy grape berries and explore the key compounds that exert inhibitory effects and the control effect on grape gray mold By plate confrontation and buckle method， the target strain was identified by morphological observation and multi-gene phylogenetic analysis. The impact of volatile organic compounds （VOCs） emitted by Trichoderma spp. on the morphological alterations of B. cinerea mycelium was examined using scanning electron microscopy （SEM） and transmission electron microscopy （TEM）. The components of Trichoderma VOCs were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry （GC-MS）. Finally， the antibacterial activity evaluation， semi-inhibitory concentration determination， and control effect test on grape gray mold of the identified VOCs were carried out using the fumigation method. The results showed that： 1） The target Trichoderma strain GUI12 screened in this study was identified as Trichoderma citrinoviride； 2） Compared with the plate confrontation， the inhibition effect of GUI12 on B. cinerea was better in the buckle culture， and the inhibition rate could reach 89.63%. 3） SEM and TEM observation results showed that the VOCs produced by GUI12 could cause the mycelium of B. cinerea to become thicker， wrinkled and collapsed， and blur the outline of organelles including nucleus， mitochondria and vacuoles， even dissolve and disappear. 4） The result of the in vitro grape disease resistance test showed that VOCs could effectively inhibit the expansion of grapefruit lesions， and the inhibition rate of grape gray mold lesion expansion was 53.56%. 5） GC-MS analysis showed that GUI12 produced 19 types VOCs， such as isobutyl acetate， 2，3-butanedione， phenylethyl alcohol， etc. They could inhibit the mycelial growth of B. cinerea in different degrees at the concentration of 100 μL/L， and the inhibition rates of 2，3-butanedione and Phenylethyl alcohol were 100%. 6） The control effect of 2，3-butanedione on grape gray mold was 100% at EC50 （14.97 μL/L）. Phenethyl alcohol also achieved a 100% control effect on grape gray mold at 2×EC50 （95.38 μL/L）. In summary， the VOCs produced by GUI12 can inhibit the growth of B. cinerea hyphae， cause organelle damage， and effectively inhibit the spread of grape gray mold lesions. Among them， 2，3-butanedione and phenylethyl alcohol have better control effects on grape gray mold and have the potential for further research and development.Keywords：Trichoderma citrinoviride;Botrytis cinerea;VOCs;GC-MS;biocontrol resources120|39|0<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-08Inherited tendency analysis of cold resistance in peach hybrid population and the screening of high cold-resistant individuals AI Introduction
Abstract：The inherited tendency of cold resistance in peach hybrid progeny was investigated to provide a genetic basis for parent selection in peach cold resistance breeding and cold resistance prediction in progeny plants. The freezing damage index of three peach hybrid populations and their parents were assessed under natural wintering conditions for three consecutive years. To further study the physiological change after cold stress and establish an evaluation method of cold resistance in peaches， the one-year-old dormant branches of a high-low cold-resistant combination F1 population ‘Donghe No.1’x‘21st Century’ and their parents were treated with low temperature， the relative electrical conductivity， soluble sugar content， free proline acid content， and starch content of the branches were measured. In addition， the branches' low temperature exotherm （LTE） was measured using a differential thermal analysis system （DTA）. The cold resistance of each tested individual was evaluated by the comprehensive membership function method， and the high cold-resistant individuals were identified according to the results of the cold resistance evaluation. The results showed that the mean cold-resistances of the offspring of the three hybrid combinations were 1.99， 2.37 and 3.11， respectively， close to the maternal cold-resistance. The cold resistance of the hybrid progeny of ‘Donghe No.1’ב21st Century’ was higher than that of the other two hybrid combinations. The cold resistance of the ‘Donghe No.1’ב21st century’ hybrid was higher than that of the high-value parent ‘Donghe No.1’ in 26 strains， and the high affinity rate was 18.6%. There were 6 points lower than the low parental ‘21st Century’. The ultra-low parental rate was 4%， and the ultra-high parental rate was significantly higher than the ultra-low parental rate. 2） Eight high cold-resistance individual plants were selected as materials for further cold-resistance breeding. In conclusion， the inherited tendency analysis of cold resistance in peaches indicated that the resistance to freezing injury in the hybrid population exhibits a maternal genetic tendency， demonstrating hyper-progenetic characteristics and a propensity for inheritance towards stronger cold resistance. Therefore， Selecting the higher cold-resistance varieties as parents is more conducive to enhancing the cold resistance of future generations.Keywords：peach;cold resistance;inherited tendency;hybrid progeny;membership function74|22|0<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-08Effect of ultra-wide film on soil heat and water distribution and the growth and yield quality of cotton AI Introduction
Abstract：To investigate the effects of different film widths on soil moisture and temperature distribution， cotton growth and development， cotton yield， and fiber quality， a field production experiment was conducted in 2022–2023 using 4.40 m ultra-wide film under conventional management practices in cotton fields with medium yield levels in northern Xinjiang. The 2.05 m conventional wide film was used as the control （CK）. Soil moisture content and temperature in the 0–60 cm soil layer were measured under different treatments， and changes in cotton agronomic traits， seed vigor， yield components， and fiber quality were investigated. The results showed that the soil temperature in the 10–40 cm layer under the ultra-wide film was significantly higher than that under the conventional wide film. At 30， 60， 90， and 120 days after cotton emergence， the mass moisture content in the 40 cm soil layer increased by 1.24%， 2.45%， 1.69%， and 1.53%， respectively. The emergence rate and boll setting rate of cotton under the ultra-wide film increased by 5.10% and 4.16%， respectively. The proportions of middle and upper bolls increased by 2.18% and 3.52%， respectively. Over the two years， the yield increase reached 13.03% and 5.59%， with actual economic benefits per 667 m² reaching 379.55 yuan and 125.00 yuan， respectively. Additionally， under the ultra-wide film treatment， the germination rate， germination index， and seed vigor of cotton increased by 49.81%， 54.48%， and 53.92%， respectively， compared to the conventional wide film， with the differences being statistically significant （P≤0.05）. In conclusion， the 4.40 m ultra-wide film has significant application value in improving soil moisture and temperature conditions， promoting crop growth and development， and enhancing cotton yield and quality. This study provides a basis for the future large-scale promotion of ultra-wide film cultivation technology.Keywords：cotton;ultra-wide film;soil moisture and temperature distribution in cotton fields;growth and development;fiber quality105|26|0<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-08Fermentation process optimization of Pseudomonas koreensis and its effect on the growth promotion and quality improvement of corn AI Introduction
Abstract：This study aimed to clarify whether the liquid fermentation broth of Pseudomonas koreensis GS （Hereinafter referred to as GS）has the effects of promoting plant growth and improving plant resistance. The viable bacteria number in the fermentation broth of GS strain and the OD600 value of the bacterial suspension were used as the test indexes， and a one-way test was used to screen and optimize the inoculum amount， incubation temperature， time， shaking speed and pH of GS strains in order to determine the optimal fermentation conditions. The one-way test was carried out on the different carbon rescources， nitrogen rescources and inorganic salts to determine the optimal medium components. An orthogonal test was carried out to optimize the ratio of the medium and its concentration to screen and determine the optimal fermentation medium. The biological and quality indicators of corn were determined to verify the field application of GS fermentation filtrate. The optimal ratio and concentration of the fermentation medium were confirmed by orthogonal tests. The biological and quality indexes of maize were measured to verify the field application of the GS fermentation filtrate. The results showed that： 1） The optimal carbon source for the optimized culture medium formula was carbon source m （beef paste）∶m （molasses）=1∶1， 5 g/L； yeast extract， nitrogen source 5 g/L； inorganic salt m （sodium chloride）∶m （magnesium sulfate） =1∶2， 5 g/L inorganic salt. 2） The optimal fermentation conditions were fermentation duration of 24 h， temperature 30 ℃， pH 7， inoculum quantity 0.5%， and shaking rate 200 r/min. 3） The viable bacterial count reached 1.38×1011 cfu/mL and the OD600 value reached 1.89， which was 8.36 times higher than that before optimization， and the cost of the production was saved by 30% to 40%. 4） The plant height， stem and leaf fresh weight， stem and leaf dry weight， root fresh weight and root dry weight were increased by 17.28%， 35.13%， 53.56%， 40.65% and 25.38%， respectively， and the leaves number， root activity and the corn length were increased by 6.35%， 37.82% and 11.45%， respectively. 5） The contents of total phosphorus， calcium and starch were increased by 30.19%， 60.82% and 31.67%， respectively， while the contents of total nitrogen， flavonoids and crude protein were increased by 9.93%， 51.85% and 10.01%， respectively. In summary， the optimized medium formulation and fermentation conditions relative to the NB medium and initial fermentation conditions can not only effectively increase the bacterial volume of GS strains per unit volume of fermentation broth， but also reduce the cost of the medium. Moreover， the GS fermentation filtrate has a good field application effect of promoting plant growth and improving the quality. This study can provide a scientific basis for the efficient fermentation and field application of GS.Keywords：Pseudomonas koreensis;fermentation process optimization;corn;improve quality and promote growth;field applications84|22|0<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-08- Abstract：To better understand the regulatory network of the target of rapamycin （TOR） signaling and its biological functions in plant growth and development and stress response， a literature search was conducted in databases such as Web of Science and the National Center for Biotechnology Information by taking “TOR”， “glucose”， “growth and development”， “SnRK1” and “signaling network” as keywords. A total of 78 relevant articles were obtained. By summarizing and analyzing these studies， the basic structural information of plant TOR kinase， the TOR signaling network， the Glc-TOR signaling pathway and the regulatory mechanisms between TOR and SnRK1 were elucidated. Furthermore， the key roles of the TOR signaling pathway in regulating plant growth， development and responses to abiotic stresses were reviewed. The results indicate that： Most plants contain only one TOR kinase. TORC1 is composed of TOR， RAPTOR and LST8 subunits. TOR kinase contains HEAT， FAT， FRB， Kinase and FATC domains. TOR kinase regulates protein sythesis during cell growth and development by responding to light， amino acids， hormones， etc. TOR kinase plays a role in the regulation of root branching， stress， ABA signaling and mineral uptake. TOR functions collectively with other nutrient signaling networks such as Glc and SnRK1 to achieve integration and coordination of gene expression， metabolism， growth and survival.Keywords：TOR;glucose;growth and development;SnRK 1;signaling networks67|16|0<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-08
Population genetic structure and genomic selection signals analysis in “Taihang Yun” cattle AI Introduction
Abstract：The purpose of this paper is to explore the genetic structure of “Taihang Yun” cattle， and to select important genomic selection signals and candidate genes related with economic traits in “Taihang Yun” cattle. This study utilized the “YuXin-1” bovine 200 K liquid phase SNP chip to conduct SNP genotyping， population genetic structure analysis， and linkage disequilibrium decay analysis in 113 “Taihang Yun” cattle and 26 Jinnan cattle； FST and θπ methods were applied combinedly to select the genomic signal areas， also the potential candidate genes were explored through GO and KEGG annotations. The results showed that ：1） After quality control of the chip data， a total of 187 988 SNPs loci were obtained. Principal component analysis and NJ tree analysis both clearly divided “Taihang Yun” cattle and Jinnan cattle into two clades， which both exhibited a gradual decay of linkage disequilibrium with increasing distance. The degree of linkage disequilibrium in “Taihang Yun” cattle was higher than that in Jinnan cattle. 2） ADMIXTURE was used for ancestral component analysis， and when K=3， the result was closest to the real ancestral content， with the lowest cross validation value. 3） Two analysis methods detected 618 selected sites in “Taihang Yun” cattle， including 257 genes， which contained 2 genes related with coat color （KIT， MITF） ， 2 genes related with fat deposition and meat tenderness （SOAT2， CYP2R1）， 4 genes related with reproduction （EIF4B，MAP3K1，IFNAR2，TGFβ2）， 4 genes related with disease resistance and stress （PDGFRA，FGF6，KDR，RPS6KA6）. In conclusion， FST and θπ method were applied in both populations and detected 618 selected regions and 257 genes， which involved biological processes as coat color， fat metabolism， reproduction， disease resistance and growth and development. The results provided essential genetic information to molecular mechanisms of excellent traits in “Taihang Yun” cattle， the sites and candidate genes identified also provided data bases for molecular breeding and selection.Keywords：“Taihang Yun” cattle;DNA chip;genetic structure;selection signal;candidate genes57|23|1<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-08Screening and analysis of differentially expressed genes in fast and slow twitch muscles of cattle AI Introduction
Abstract：The study was to explore the key genes regulating muscle growth and skeletal muscle fiber transformation.By differential expression analysis， gene co-expression network analysis （WGCNA）， and exon-based selection signal analysis， transcriptome sequencing was performed on the gastrocnemius （G， n=18） and soleus （S， n=21） muscles with significant differences in muscle fiber types. The results showed that： 1） There were 1 576 differentially expressed genes， with 170 genes upregulated and 1 406 genes downregulated in gastrocnemius compared to soleus muscle. Enrichment analysis revealed that these genes were mainly enriched in pathways such as muscle contraction， skeletal muscle contraction， glycolysis process， myofibrils， troponin complex， AMPK signaling pathway， and Regulation of lipolysis in adipocytes. 2） Weighted gene co-expression network analysis showed that the genes were clustered into four modules， with the blue， black， and blue modules being significant modules. 3） Exon wide selection signature （EWSS） identified 26 467 high-quality SNPs， and ultimately combined multiple methods to screen for 6 candidate genes， including CACNA2D2， PFKFB4， ATP2B2， PRUNE2， PRKG1， and FAM13A. 4） The candidate genes were validated by qPCR， and the results were consistent with the RNA-Seq data. Protein-protein and protein-metabolite interaction networks were constructed using the STRING database and OmicsNet， which revealed that the proteins that interact with the candidate genes work together contribute to shared biological processes. In conclusion， this study ultimately identified six key differentially expressed genes （DEGs） that are likely to regulate muscle growth， lipid metabolism， and skeletal muscle fiber-type transformation. These findings provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying muscle fiber-type switching and offer potential targets for improving beef quality.Keywords：transcriptome;gastrocnemius;soleus muscle;meat quality;muscle fiber types63|27|0<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-08Screening and identification of miR-133c-3p target genes related to chicken muscle development AI Introduction
Abstract：The aim is to investigate the expression of miR-133c-3p in different tissues and satellite cells of chickens， and to screen key target genes affecting muscle growth and development in pectoralis through bioinformatics analysis. In this study， an online website to predict chicken miR-133c-3p target genes was used， GO and KEGG enrichment analysis were performed and protein-protein interactions networks was constructed. Using an online public database， the expression of miR-133c-3p in pectoral muscle relative to other tissues was constructed and potential target genes were screened， and target validation by a dual luciferase reporter gene assay was performed. The results showed that： 1） 103 target genes were predicted； Functional enrichment analysis shows that target genes are involved in the synthesis and transport of various polymer compounds； And significantly enriched in multiple signaling pathways related to muscle growth and development， such as actin cytoskeleton regulation， mTOR， etc. 2） Five Hub genes were identified through PPI network screening. 3） MiR-133c-3p is only expressed in pectoralis and heart， and its expression decreases during satellite cell proliferation and increases during differentiation（P<0.01）. 4） Four target genes， SGK1， MYH9， KLF7 and NFAT5， were identified through screening. 5） Dual luciferase reporter gene detection revealed a target relationship between miR-133c-3p and NFAT5. In summary， chicken miR-133c-3p can indirectly regulate muscle growth and development by targeting NFAT5 in the pectoral muscle. This study provides a reference and basis for analyzing the function and molecular mechanism of miR-133c-3p in chickens.Keywords：chicken;miR-133c-3p;bioinformatics;gene expression level;muscle growth and development;target validation48|16|0<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-08A lightweight cage chicken vocalization recognition model based on improved TransformerCNN AI Introduction
Abstract：To solve the problems of high difficulty and poor real-time detection of traditional cage chicken vocalization， this paper proposes a chicken vocalization detection algorithm based on lightweight TransformerCNN. Firstly， by introducing the EfficientViT lightweight network to replace the original backbone network， the number of parameters and computational complexity are reduced， and the real-time performance of network algorithm detection is improved； Secondly， replacing ReLU with Hardswift activation function can improve the recognition accuracy of the model without adding additional weights and bias parameters. Finally， by combining linear self-attention mechanism instead of traditional Softmax operation， the model's ability to capture chicken vocalization features is further enhanced， improving the robustness of detection. The results show that： 1） Compared with the basic TransformerCNN model， the introduction of EfficientViT， linear self-attention， and Hardswift activation function significantly improves the inference speed and computational complexity of the model. Although the average accuracy slightly decreases， it performs better in real-time performance and lightweight nature. 2） Compared with other lightweight backbone networks， EfficientViT has significant advantages in inference speed， computational complexity， and model storage requirements， making it suitable for real-time audio classification tasks.3） Compared with mainstream audio classification models， TC+EfficientViT has improved detection accuracy， real-time performance， and model size， which can better meet the requirements of efficient and real-time deployment. In conclusion， in the intelligent welfare breeding environment， through contactless detection of chicken vocalization， a database of vocalizations in cage chicken populations can be established， providing key data for further analysis of chicken health status.Keywords：cage chicken farming;voice recognition;lightweight model;real-time detection;efficientViT47|16|0<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-08Analysis on the research trends and hotspots of Dendrobium genus plants based on bibliometrics AI Introduction
Abstract：To understand the current status， hotspots and future development trends of Dendrobium research both domestically and internationally， bibliometric method was employed. The keyword “Dendrobium” was used to search relevant literature published between 2014 and 2024 in the Web of Science and CNKI databases. CiteSpace software was utilized to mine and organize the obtained literature， exploring the evolution of the number of publications， the distribution of research authors and institutions， and the frequency of essential keywords. Based on keyword clustering， keyword emergence analysis was conducted， and further study of the evolution of the Dendrobium field was carried out from temporal perspective. The results show that： 1） The number of English publications on plants in the Dendrobium genus has been increasing year by year， showing a rapid development trend， about 72.38% of the English literature is published by Chinese researchers， while the number of Chinese publications remains relatively stable. In terms of collaborative institutions， the top five institutions for Chinese publications are all related to medicine and pharmacy， and the Chinese Academy of Sciences is the institution with the highest number of English-language publications. 2） The research directions of Dendrobium are highly diversified. The research trends and hotspots in Chinese and English literature all show a similar research trajectory， with a strong focus on the separation and identification of active components of Dendrobium and pharmacological activity research. 3） The research hotspots in the field of Dendrobium are constantly evolving and innovating. The early research hotspots mainly focus on basic research， including tissue culture and rapid propagation of Dendrobium， chemical component analysis， and the separation and identification of endophytic bacteria. Future research hotspots in this field are expected to shift toward deeper levels， including the exploration of important functional genes， the mechanisms of trait formation， and the pharmacological mechanisms and potential genetic targets of active components.Keywords：Dendrobium genus;bibliometrics;CiteSpace;frontier dynamics;research hotspot63|20|1<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-08- Abstract：To systematically understand the development trends of low- or zero-carbon transitions in rural energy systems at home and abroad， relevant literature in the field of rural energy research in China National Knowledge Infrastructure （CNKI） and Web of Science Core Collection databases from 2011 to 2023 was retrieved， and a total of 3 712 publications were obtained for quantitative and visual analysis by using CiteSpace software. The publication volume， national contributions， research institution， research hotspots and trends were analyzed. The results show that： 1） Both Chinese and English publications have shown explosive growth in recent years， with Chinese scholars leading in terms of publication volume. While international collaborations remain centered around developed countries. China’s top research institutions demonstrate extensive collaborations with domestic and international partners， exerting significant influence. 2） International research hotspots are problem-oriented， emphasizing health impacts from pollution caused by carbon emissions， whereas Chinese studies adopt a policy-driven approach， prioritizing policy integration and localized practices. 3） Evolutionary trends analyses reveal that the international research increasingly focuses on technological innovation optimization， while Chinese studies under the rural revitalization strategies and “dual carbon” goals have evolved into diversified integration. Future research is expected to emphasize the “energy-resource-carbon reduction-rural revitalization-ecological civilization” integrated model for zero-carbon rural development.Keywords：zero-carbon villages;renewable energy;energy conservation and emission reduction;rural revitalization;bibliometrics44|26|0<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-08
Bibliometrics-based visualisation of research on the impacts of large-scale photo voltaic power plants on ecological environment AI Introduction
Abstract：To clarify the research status and hotspots in the ecological impacts of large-scale photovoltaic （PV） power plant construction， 226 Chinese and English articles were visualized and analyzed by using CiteSpace software based on CNKI and WOS databases. The publication trends， research subjects， co-citation networks and hotspot evolution from 2011 to 2023 were investigated. The research progress and directions in this field are systematically reviewed. The findings indicate that： 1） The annual publication volume of literature on the ecological impact research of photovoltaic power generation exhibits cubic polynomial growth， with the total volume in the WOS database was significantly higher than that in the CNKI. 2） China leads in publication volume， while the United States has the highest degree of centrality， reflecting the greater international academic influence of both countries. There is a lack of cooperation among domestic research institutions， although the Chinese Academy of Sciences shows the highest degree of influence internationally. The international collaboration between domestic and foreign authors is still relatively weak. 3） Chinese literature research topics primarily focus on vegetation restoration and ecological management in arid regions such as the Hexi Corridor， whereas English literature emphasizes model simulations to assess environmental impacts and climate change caused by PV power plant construction at both small and large scales. Current research hotspots include the impacts of PV power plants on local microclimate factors and ecosystem carbon stock dynamics. Future work should prioritize strengthening long-term network observations across climate zones， analyzing the ecological and environmental effects of PV power plants over different periods using life cycle assessment methods， and establishing a comprehensive ecological and environmental impact management system to support the sustainable development of the PV industry.Keywords：photovoltaic power plants;bibliometrics;CiteSpace;ecological environment37|18|2<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-08Structural design and test of maize vertical double-shaft counter rotating weeding machine AI Introduction
Abstract：To address the issues of low weeding efficiency and high seedling damage rates of maize field conventional mechanical weeding machines， a vertical double-shaft counter-rotating weeding machine was designed. The physical properties of maize field soil and common weeds were measured and analyzed， and the root-soil composite discrete element model was established using EDEM software. The interaction between the weeding knife and the soil and weed roots during the weeding process was simulated to evaluate the effects of different parameters on the power consumption and performance of the weeding knife. Using blade inclination angle， end face inclination angle， and the number of blades as influencing factors and weeding torque and soil crushing rate as response variables. Pre-experiments and single-factor experiments were conducted to determine the influence of each factor on the response variables. Based on the results of prior simulation experiments， multi-factor simulation experiments were carried out， and the weeding knife was optimized using the Non-Dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm-II （NSGA-II） to determine the optimal parameters of the weeding knife. Field experiments were conducted to verify the reliability of the weeding knife during actual operations. The optimal parameter combination for the weeding knife， obtained through optimization， was a blade inclination angle of 10°， an end face inclination angle of 55°， and 3 blades. The results of field trials conducted with the optimal parameter combination showed that the weeding rate was 94.67%， the seedling injury was of 3.74%， and the soil crushing rate of 84%， respectively. In conclusion， the weeding machine operated stably during the process and exhibited good weeding performance.Keywords：vertical weeding machine;weeding knife;root soil composite;weeding rate63|13|2<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-08Design and experiment of electronically controlled direct seeding and planting device for corn in arid northwest China AI Introduction
Abstract：To address the issue of existing dibble seeders requiring high field flatness in practical operations in northwest arid regions， this study optimized the seed-metering device of the commonly used 2BZ-2 seeder. Taking the rotation angle of the crank in the seeder's parallelogram linkage mechanism as reference， the working process of the seed-metering device was divided into four stages： seed filling， seed picking， hole-making and seeding， and resetting. A microcontroller-based electronic control system was designed to achieve precise control of each working stage， enabling forced seed discharge and mandatory duckbill opening/closing mechanisms， thereby improving seeding stability and adaptability. Through quadratic rotational orthogonal combination bench tests， analysis was conducted with three factors including seed-picking shaft rotation angle， electric actuator stroke， and thrust force， using single-seed qualification rate， missed sowing rate， and repetitive sowing rate as response indicators. Optimization results showed that the optimal seeding performance occurred at 59° seed-picking shaft rotation angle， 12.2 mm electric actuator stroke， and 19.4 N thrust force. Experimental verification under these optimized parameters demonstrated that the electronically controlled maize seed-metering device achieved 1.6% empty-hole rate and 91.8% qualified hole-seed quantity rate， which meets the operational quality requirements for dibble seeding machinery.Keywords：corn;direct-planting seeder;electronic control system;experimental verification65|16|0<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-08Digital skills, farmers’ adoption behavior of crop‑livestock combined pattern and income effect: Based on CRRS data AI Introduction
Abstract：This study aims to evaluate the role of farmers’ digital skills in promoting the crop-livestock combined pattern and its economic benefits. Based on China Rural Revitalization Survey （CRRS） data in 2020， this study empirically analyzes the impact of digital skills on farmers’ adoption behavior of crop-livestock combined pattern using binary probit model and the income effect using the endogenous switching regression model. The results show that： Firstly， farmers’ digital skills significantly promote their adoption behavior of crop-livestock combined pattern， and the conclusion is robust. Secondly， farmer’s digital skills can encourage their adoption of the crop-livestock combined pattern by improving their online information acquisition ability， expanding social networks and enhancing participation in the e-commerce of agricultural products. Thirdly， their digital skills significantly promote the adoption behavior of crop-livestock combined pattern of small-scale farmers with farmland less than 3.333 hm2 and of farmers with low land fragmentation. Lastly， farmers’ adoption of the crop-livestock combined pattern leads to a significant increase on farmers’ agricultural income. In detail， the agricultural income of farmers who actually adopt the crop-livestock combined pattern would decrease by 82.92% if they decided against the adoption. In contrast， the agriculture income of farmers who don’t adopt the pattern would increase by 115.63% if they decided to adopt it. In conclusion， the study suggests strengthening the training of farmers’ digital skills， making full use of the online information acquisition effects， social network effects as well as e-commerce participation effects， and fully releasing the economic potential of the crop-livestock combined pattern.Keywords：crop-livestock combined pattern;digital skills;adoption behavior;income effect;endogenous switching regression model （ESR model）36|21|3<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-08Digital technology use, socialized service access and farmers’ adoption of rice-crayfish culturing model AI Introduction
Abstract：To clarify the impact of digital technology use， socialized service access on the adoption of agroecological technologies by farmers， this study investigates the impact and mechanism of the use of digital technology on farmers' choice of rice-crayfish culturing model by utilizing data from 880 micro-farmer surveys in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. The research finds that： Digital technology use has a significant contribution to farmers’ choice of rice-crayfish culturing model， and the higher the frequency of using digital technology to obtain information related to agricultural production， the greater the likelihood that farmers will choose the rice-crayfish culturing model. After solving the endogeneity problem with the help of conditional mixture （CMP） modeling and combining it with the instrumental variables approach， consistent conclusions can still be obtained. Mechanism analysis shows that the use of digital technology mainly promotes the selection of rice-crayfish culturing model by improving the social services provided by farmers. By subdividing the social service links， it is found that the use of digital technology has a greater impact on farmers' access to labor-intensive related services. Further analysis reveals that the use of digital technology has a more significant promoting effect on the selection behavior of rice-crayfish culturing model among production-oriented farmers， as well as participating households in agricultural technology training. The study provides micro-evidence for understanding the intrinsic logical relationship between digital technology use， the acquisition of socialization services and farmers' choice of rice-shrimp cropping model， as well as new lessons for targeted promotion of the organic integration of digital technology and green agricultural development.Keywords：digital technology use;socialized service;peasant household;rice-crayfish culturing model37|15|1<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-08- Abstract：To study the impact of agricultural insurance on agricultural production efficiency， an empirical method is used to examine the role of the level of agricultural insurance coverage on agricultural production efficiency based on the research data of 576 farmers in four major grain-producing provinces of Heilongjiang， Anhui， Shandong and Henan. The results show that： 1） The level of agricultural insurance guarantee has a significant positive effect on agricultural production efficiency. A consistent conclusion can still be obtained after using the instrumental variable method to solve the endogenity problems； 2） Large-scale land management and agricultural technology adoption play an important regulatory role in this process， and promote the level of agricultural insurance coverage for the improvement of agricultural production efficiency， in which the regulating role of agricultural technology adoption is relatively strong； 3） The influence of the level of agricultural insurance guarantee on agricultural production efficiency varies among different groups of farmers and regions. Large-scale farmers and full-time farmers are more sensitive to changes in the level of agricultural insurance coverage， and the production efficiency is improved even more significantly， The level of agricultural insurance guarantee in Shandong province has the most significant positive effect on agricultural production efficiency. Consequently， this study recommends strengthening grassroots insurance services， developing region-specific insurance products， constructing a multi-layered insurance system to expand coverage， bolstering financial support with subsidies for large-scale land operations and technology applications， and fostering regional cooperation to enhance agricultural resilience.Keywords：agricultural insurance;coverage level;production efficiency;land scale;technology adoption45|14|2<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-08
Impact of high-standard farmland construction on the resilience of grain production and its mechanism AI Introduction
Abstract：To investigate the role of high-standard farmland construction in ensuring stable grain supply， grain production resilience is adopted to determine the grain supply stability capacity . Based on a set of provincial panel data from 31 provinces （municipalities and autonomous regions） in China （Data do not include those of Hong Kong， Macao and Taiwan regions. The same below）， this study employs the DID method to examine the impact of high-standard farmland construction on the resilience of grain production and its underlying mechanisms. The research findings indicate that： 1） High-standard farmland construction has a significant positive impact on food production resilience. This result is robust after substituting the core explanatory variables and adjusting the policy evaluation time points. 2） Heterogeneity analysis shows that the impact of high-standard farmland construction on food production resilience is the greatest in non-grain-producing areas and eastern regions. 3） In terms of mechanism， the high-standard farmland construction promotes agricultural technological progress， increases farmland irrigation coverage， and enhances agricultural mechanization， thereby effectively improving food production resilience. Based on the above conclusions， it is recommended to continue advancing high-standard farmland construction and develop differentiated strategies tailored to local conditions， taking the economic development levels into account and the agricultural functional positioning of each region.Keywords：high-standard farmland construction;grain production resilience;continuous DID;agricultural functional zones;mechanism59|28|2<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-08Impact of village governance capacity on the adoption of fertilizer reduction technologies by farmers AI Introduction
Abstract：In order to clarify the influence mechanism of village governance capacity on the adoption of fertilizer reduction technology by farmers， based on the research data of rice farmers in Hubei Province， the connotation of village governance capacity is defined in terms of policy interpretation capacity， organizational mobilization capacity and interest coordination capacity， and the impact and mechanism of village governance capacity on the adoption of fertilizer reduction technology by farmers are analyzed and tested. The results show that the enhancement of village governance capacity can promote the adoption of fertilizer reduction technology by farmers， but there is heterogeneity in the scale of cultivation and agricultural socialization services. The promotion effect was only significant for small-scale farmers or farmers with high participation in agricultural socialization services， but not for large-scale growers or farmers with low participation in agricultural socialization services. In terms of the mechanism of action， village governance promotes the adoption of fertilizer reduction technologies by farmers through policy interpretation capacity， organizational mobilization capacity and interest coordination capacity. The policy interpretation capacity can strengthen farmers’ awareness of arable land protection and thus positively incentivize the adoption of fertilizer reduction technologies. The organizational mobilization capacity can promote continuous cultivation and thus positively incentivize the adoption of fertilizer reduction technologies. The interest coordination capacity can enhance the stability of farmers’ arable land management and thus positively incentivize the adoption of fertilizer reduction technologies. Therefore， it is important to emphasize the crucial role of village-level organizations in the fertilizer reduction campaign， strengthen the leadership and organization of village-level organizations in promoting green production methods such as fertilizer reduction， and at the same time， enhance the stability of land cultivation and promote the concentration and contiguity of crop planting.Keywords：village governance;fertilizer reduction;technology adoption;policy interpretation capacity;organizational mobilization capacity;interest coordination capacity42|10|2<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-08- Abstract：The revitalization and utilization of rural residential land is crucial for activating idle rural land resources and promoting rural revitalization. Scientific policy assessment can enhance policy quality. To optimize the policy for revitalization and utilization of rural residential land， improve the quality of policy， and ensure its effective implementation. By taking “idle homestead”， “idle rural housing” and “revitalize utilization” as key words， this study searched the Magic Weapon of Peking University and the Policy Document Library of the State Council. A total of 24 policies on the flexible use of residential land issued by the central government and local government departments from 2019 to 2023 were selected. Using a three-dimensional analysis framework of “target-tool-effectiveness”， combined with text analysis and the PMC index model， this study systematically deconstructed the content design of the policies for revitalization and utilization of rural residential land， and put forward suggestions for the improvement of the policy. The results show that： 1） From the perspective of the policy target， the policy mainly focuses on the micro objectives such as regulating the behavior of revitalization and utilization of residential land， while the attention to the meso- and macro-level objectives such as enriching the people and strengthening the villages， and revitalization of the countryside needs to be strengthened； 2） From the perspective of the policy tool， the command， symbol and exhortation tools are the main tools， with the focuses of the policy tools differing at different levels， and the use rate of the tools of encouragement and system change need to be improved； 3） From the perspective of the policy effectiveness， the overall effectiveness of the policy for revitalization and utilization of rural residential land is high. The policy effectiveness in descending order， is as follows： central government， provincial government， city government and county government， and there is room for improvement in terms of policy subjects and safeguard measures. Most policy content designs are relatively comprehensive， with coupled and coordinated characteristics between target setting， tool selection， and policy effectiveness. Finally， based on the research findings， the following countermeasures are proposed to optimize the policy for the revitalization and utilization of residential land： optimizing the design of policy targets， integrating multifaceted measures and progressively enhancing policy effectiveness.Keywords：revitalization and utilization;policy target;policy tool;policy effectiveness;policy quantification52|20|0<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-08
Spatial characteristics and driving mechanisms of “One Village One Product” demonstration villages and towns AI Introduction
Abstract：To investigate the evolution of spatial characteristics and the driving mechanisms of “One Village， One Product” （OVOP） demonstration villages and towns， 12 batches of OVOP demonstration villages and towns were selected as the research objects. Spatial characterization analysis tools and the optimal parameter geographic detector model were employed to analyze the spatial distribution and the evolution of the driving mechanisms. The findings reveal that： The industrial structure of OVOP demonstration villages and towns has evolved towards prioritizing food security， ensuring an abundant food supply， and fostering deeper integration of industries. The spatial distribution of these villages and towns exhibits a “non-uniform distribution” trend. The east-west distribution shows a “stepped decline” and continues to expand， while the north-south direction displays a “U-shaped” trend that is gradually shrinking. The spatial structure of OVOP demonstration villages and towns is characterized by a “cohesive distribution”， with high-density areas located to the east of the “Hu Huanyong Line”. These areas form a ring of villages and towns， with “E Xiang Gan” as the three core regions， and have evolved from a ring-shaped distribution centered around “Hubei Xianning” as the single core. The global spatial correlation of OVOP demonstration villages and towns is unsignificant； however， locally， a “low-high” aggregation pattern has emerged， with Shanghai as the core. The spatial characteristics of OVOP demonstration villages and towns have shifted from a two-dimensional driving mechanism of “labor-farmland” to a multi-dimensional driving mechanism involving “labor-farmland-capital-technological-demand-safeguards”. Notably， the driving effects of labor and farmland factors have gradually weakened， while the driving effects of capital， technology， and demand have progressively strengthened. Additionally， the role of the “safeguards” factor has evolved from being unsignificant to becoming significant.Keywords：specialty agriculture;one village， one product;spatial characteristics;driving mechanism;evolution law54|22|0<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-08Thoughts on the development of new rural collective economy by rural grass-roots organizations of the Communist Party of China AI Introduction
Abstract：To explore the path for the development of new collective economy by the rural grass-roots organizations of the Communist Party of China under the macro background of the rural revitalization strategy， based on the in-depth field investigation of six cities （counties） in China， key groups such as government staff， village cadres and owners of the new rural collective economy were selected as the interview objects. Through the network structured questionnaire survey， the specific practices， achievements and challenges in the process of promoting the development of the new rural collective economy were investigated. The results showed that the rural grass-roots organizations of the Communist Party of China have laid a solid organizational foundation and powerful impetus for the vigorous development of the new rural collective economy through various strategies such as the leading role of organizations， scientific policies， effective integration of resources and strengthening of talent training. However， this study also revealed the shortcomings of the rural grass-roots organizations of the Communist Party of China in the depth and breadth of organizational guidance， talent training mechanism， the accuracy of policy publicity interpretation and the comprehensiveness of service ability. In view of this， this study put forward a series of targeted suggestions including strengthening the construction of the rural grass-roots organizations of the Communist Party of China， improving the relevant policy system， optimizing the resource allocation strategy， and strengthening the talent training and introduction mechanism， in order to provide a solid scientific basis for the sustainable development of the new rural collective economy.Keywords：new rural collective economy;rural grass-roots organizations of the Communist Party of China;mechanism of action;common prosperity;rural revitalization70|21|0<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-08
