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- Abstract：In order to investigate the impact of digital literacy on grain storage losses in China and reduce grain losses by fully utilization of information technology. The data are from a survey on 645 Chinese farmer households in 2022. The instrumental variable method was employed to investigate the impact of improved digital literacy among farmers on wheat storage losses. The results indicated that： The average level of wheat storage losses among Chinese farmers was 1.79， and the highest level was observed in the northwest region. The enhancement of farmers' digital literacy significantly reduced wheat storage losses， and its impact is mainly evident among the farmer households with higher income levels and abundant labor resources. The research findings remained robust even after addressing endogeneity bias. Therefore， the government should improve information infrastructure construction， accelerate the popularization of digital application skills， enhance the digital literacy of farmers， so as to reduce storage losses for farmers and strengthen the foundation of food security comprehensively.Keywords：digital literacy;wheat storage losses;high-income family;labor resources;food security45|33|1<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-07
- Abstract：The purpose of this study is to explore whether the improvement of digital literacy can empower the green transformation of farmers’ production methods. Taking data from the China Rural Revitalization Survey （CRRS）， the impact and mechanism of digital literacy on the adoption of green production technologies by farmers are empirically analyzed. Probit model and a mediating effect model， combined with the instrumental variables method and the conditional mixed process estimation method are adopted in this study. The results showed that： 1）Digital literacy had a significant positive impact on the adoption of green production technologies by farmers. The probability of adopting green production technology increased by 20.7% for every one unit increase in digital literacy among farmers， assuming all other conditions remain constant. 2）The results of mechanism analysis showed that digital financial response and environmental cognition were the main paths through which digital literacy influenced the adoption of green production technologies by farmers. Improving digital literacy level can significantly promote farmers’ digital financial response and enhance farmers' environmental cognition， thereby positively influencing the adoption of green production technologies by farmers. 3）Further analysis showed that there was a beneficial complementary relationship between neighborhood interaction and digital literacy the adoption of green production technologies by farmers. Farmers can enhance the promoting effect of digital literacy on the adoption of green production technologies through neighborhood interaction. Therefore， in the future， we should enhance the adoption of green production technologies by boosting digital literacy level of farmers， expanding the coverage of rural digital finance， strengthening their environmental cognition， and focusing on the beneficial complementary effects of digital literacy and neighborhood interaction.Keywords：digital literacy;green production technologies;digital financial response;environmental cognition;neighborhood interaction31|30|18<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-07
- Abstract：This study aimed to investigate the impact of the digital economy on agricultural green total factor productivity and its internal logic. Based on the application of the SBM model and GML index to measure agricultural green total factor productivity， a panel data from 30 provinces in China （The data do not include those of Xizang， Hong Kong， Macau， and Taiwan regions. The same below.） from 2011 to 2020 was taken to analyze the impact of the digital economy on agricultural green total factor productivity. From the perspective of land management efficiency， the mechanisms through which land intensive operation efficiency and land scale operation efficiency influence the impact of the digital economy on agricultural green total factor productivity were investigated from the perspective of land management efficiency. The results indicate that： 1） Digital economy development significantly promotes agricultural green total factor productivity. 2） The land intensive operation efficiency and land scale operation efficiency play significant mediating and masking roles， respectively， in the process of the digital economy's impacting agricultural green total factor productivity. The threshold effect model found that the land intensive operation efficiency can further promote the effect of digital economy on agricultural green total factor productivity after exceeding the threshold value. 3） The promotion effect of the digital economy on agricultural green total factor productivity exhibits significant heterogeneity across different regions. The promotion coefficients in the eastern region is 0.137， in both sides of the Qinling-Huaihe River are respectively 0.115 and 0.319， and in the southeastern part of the Hu-Huan-Yong Line is 0.068. This suggests that digital economy has promoted agricultural green total factor productivity in the eastern region， both sides of the Qinling-Huaihe River， and the southeastern part of the Hu-Huan-Yong Line. Based on above findings， this study proposes that ， the expansion of the application scenarios of digital technology， strengthening of agricultural data resource construction， and active promotion of moderately scaled intensive agricultural development are necessary in the construction of agricultural modernization in China.Keywords：digital economy;agricultural green total factor productivity;land operation efficiency;land intensive operation;land scale operation21|26|8<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-07
- Abstract：To solve the problems of financing difficulty， high risk and low stability commonly existed in new agricultural operators， based on the survey data of 1 021 new agricultural operators in 9 provinces （including autonomous regions）， the entropy method is taken to measure the economic resilience of new agricultural operators， and the inclusive effect of digital finance is studied. The results show that： 1） The economic resilience of new agricultural operators is generally weak， and there are significant differences in the economic resilience of different types of new agricultural operators. 2） Digital inclusive finance empowers the economic resilience of new agricultural operators by promoting vertical diversification and financing stability， while also improving the level of horizontal diversification and enable negative energy on the economic resilience of new agricultural operators. 3） There is a threshold effect on the empowerment effect of digital inclusive finance on the economic resilience of new agricultural operators of different business types. When the operation scale of new agricultural operators exceeds the threshold value， the empowerment effect of digital inclusive finance on the economic resilience of new agricultural operators will be significantly reduced. Therefore， optimizing the digital inclusive financial products， strengthening the construction of digital inclusive finance in financial institutions， accurately positioning the audience of digital inclusive finance， during comprehensively enhancing the economic resilience of new agricultural operators in this study.Keywords：new agricultural operators;economic resilience;digital inclusive finance;threshold model;agricultural land scale effect31|27|3<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-07
- Abstract：In order to investigate the impact of digital economy on the enhancement of agricultural mechanization level， based on the panel data of 1 610 counties in China from 2014 to 2021， the impact of the digital economy on the enhancement of agricultural mechanization level was systematically analyzed by using benchmark regression model， threshold effect model， and mediation effect model. The resuls showed that：1） The digital economy significantly promoted the level of agricultural mechanization； 2） The results of threshold effect analysis showed that the influence of digital economy on agricultural mechanization has gradually weakened with the improvement of the level of agricultural mechanization； 3） The digital economy promoted labor transfer， and the transfer of labor force to non-agricultural industries inhibited the improvement of agricultural mechanization level； 4） The results of heterogeneity analysis showed that when the distance was further from the prefecture-level city to which it belonged， the scale of the land operation was small， and the slope of the terrainwas more significatnt， the enhancement effect of digital economy was more obvious. Therefore， policy recommendations，such as the development of present agricultural mechanization and implementation of a differentiated agricultural machinery strategy， are proposed in this study.Keywords：digital economy;agricultural mechanization;labor migration;land management scale;topographic slope31|31|4<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-07
- Abstract：In order to investigate the entrepreneurial behavior of high-quality farmers in the context of the digital economy， this study employs Probit model， instrumental variable analysis， and mediating effect analysis based on a special survey data from 899 high-quality farmers enrolled in higher vocational education expansion programs in Jiangxi Province in 2022. The impact of participation in digital economy on high-quality farmers’ entrepreneurial behavior and its underlying mechanism from the perspectives of subjective social status and social capital are empirically examined in this study. The findings are as follows： 1） Participation in digital economy significantly promotes high-quality farmers’ entrepreneurial behavior. Further analysis reveals that digital production， digital supply and marketing， and digital finance all have significant positive effects on high-quality farmers’ entrepreneurship. 2） The promotion effect of participating in digital economy on entrepreneurship among high-quality farmers varies depends on their participation in skill training programs and their specific types. Specifically， farmers with prior training experience exhibit a stronger promotion effect compared to those without such experience. Moreover， the production-oriented high-quality farmers demonstrate a more pronounced promotion effect than other types. 3） Subjective social status and social capital mediate the impact of participating in digital economy on high-quality farmers’ entrepreneurial behavior. In view of this， it is necessary to improve the digital literacy level of high-quality farmers， strengthen the vocational skills training of high-quality farmers， and improve their subjective social status and social capital to promote the improvement of high-quality farmers’ entrepreneurial ability， further build the ‘main force’ of rural revitalization， provide strong talent support for comprehensively promoting rural revitalization， and contribute to the construction of a modernized agricultural country.Keywords：the digital economy;high-quality farmers;entrepreneurship;mediating effect18|26|0<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-07
- Abstract：In order to explore the influence and mechanism of digital skills on farmers’ e-commerce participation behavior， based on the data of the 2020 China Rural Revitalization Comprehensive Survey （CRRS） and the feasible information capability theory of ‘Means-Freedom-Achievement’， the theoretical framework of ‘Digital skills-Information acquisition-E-commerce participation’ was constructed. The binary Probit， Tobit and intermediary effect analysis methods were adopted to empirically test the impact of digital skills on the decision-making and degree of farmers’ e-commerce participation from the perspective of information acquisition mediation. Robustness test and heterogeneity analysis were conducted. The results showed that： 1） Digital skills had a significant positive impact on farmers’ e-commerce participation in decision-making and degree； 2） There were some intermediary effects in the impact of digital skills on farmers’ e-commerce participation decision-making and degree， and the proportions of intermediary effects to the total effect were 11.76% and 11.73%， respectively； 3） Digital skills displayed more significant positive effects on farmers with higher income level and higher education level， and the positive effects on e-commerce participation in decision-making and the degree of participation were more significant. In conclusion， the government should increase the participation rate and degree of farmers’ e-commerce in three aspects as follows： Effectively improving the level of farmers’ digital skills， steadily realizing freedom of information access， and strengthening attention to the internal segmentation of farmers.Keywords：digital skills;e-commerce participation in decision-making;the degree of e-commerce participation;access to information25|21|2<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-07
- Abstract：To investigate the impact of different soil temperatures on the growth and development of maize seedlings， a study was conducted using ‘Zhengdan 958’ as the experimental material，five soil temperatures of 25.0 （CK）， 27.5 （T1）， 30.0 （T2）， 32.5 （T3） and 35.0 （T4） ℃ were set at the seedling stage of maize， respectively. The increased temperatures lasted for 10 d. The characteristics such as root morphology， topology， and root conformation at each diameter level were determined in maize seedlings. The results showed that compared with the soil temperature of 25.0 ℃（CK）， the soil temperature treatment of 27.5 ℃ significantly increased the length， surface area， volume， number of branches， number of root tips and fractal dimensions of the maize seedling stage； with the continuous increase of the temperature， the temperature increase gradually produced a significant inhibition of root growth and development， and the above six indexes were significantly reduced when the soil temperature reached 35.0 ℃. When the soil temperature was <30.0 ℃， the elevated soil temperature led to a significant increase in the length， surface area and volume of fine roots （≤0.5 mm） as a proportion of the total root system， and at the soil temperature of 30.0 ℃， the length， surface area and volume of fine roots accounted for 84.00%， 64.79% and 31.89% of the total root system， respectively. When the soil temperature increased to 35.0 ℃， the percentage of fine root length， surface area and volume decreased significantly， while the percentage of medium roots （0.5-1.0 mm） and thick roots （>1.0 mm） increased significantly. At 27.5 ℃， the shoot dry weight of 0.887 8 g and the root dry weight of 0.460 5 g at maize seedling reached a significant maximum， and the root-shoot ratio also reached a minimum of 0.474 7. By fitting the soil temperature and maize seedling characteristics， it was concluded that the soil temperature of 27.3-28.7 ℃ was suitable for the growth of maize seedling. In conclusion， when the soil temperature was 25.0-30.0 °C， with the increase of soil temperature， the root system of maize seedlings lengthened， the percentage of fine roots increased， and the dry weight of plants increased， while maintaining a low root-shoot ratio； when the soil temperature was ≥30 °C， the growth of maize root system was restricted， and the percentage of fine roots of maize seedlings decreased， while the root-shoot ratio increased. When the soil temperature reached 35.0 ℃， the growth of maize seedlings was seriously affected.Keywords：soil warming;maize;root morphology;root system architecture45|29|3<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-07
- Abstract：In order to explore the aluminum tolerance gene resources in sweet maize， a hybrid combination ‘T49 × T56’ was generated by taking two inbred lines ‘T49’ （♀） and ‘T56’ （♂）， which have significant differences in aluminum tolerance characters， as the parents. A total of 208 F2 individual plants were used as genetic mapping population to construct the genetic linkage map of maize. Seedling height coefficient， seedling weight coefficient， root length coefficient， root weight coefficient and whole plant fresh weight coefficient were selected as the evaluation indexes. The aluminum tolerance of maize QTL related to aluminum resistance traits was detected by composite interval mapping. The results showed that： Ten SSR marker linkage groups were obtained on ten pairs of sweet maize chromosomes. The total length was 1 199.10 cM， and the average distance was 7.83 cM. A total of 3 QTLS for seedling height， 4 QTLS for seedling weight， 4 QTLS for root length， 3 QTLS for root weight， and 3 QTLS for whole plant fresh weight were detected. One single QTL could explain 6.46% to 25.37% of phenotypic variation. In the labeled intervals phi065—umc1271（bin 9.03-9.04） on chromosome 9， a major QTL was detected in the coefficient of seedling height， seedling weight， root length， root weight and whole plant fresh weight， and the contribution rate was 13.1%-25.3%.Combined with GO and KEGG databases， two stable genes Zm00001d045472 and Zm00001d046391 related to abiotic stress tolerance of sweet corn were found in phi065-umc1271.Keywords：sweet corn;aluminum resistance;composite interval mapping;QTL23|14|1<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-07
- Abstract：In order to explore the key plant cell wall-degrading enzymes （PCWDEs） genes， which play critical roles in the infection of wheat rust， bioinformatics methods were used to identify and analyze the Carbohydrate-active enzymes （CAZymes） existed in the genomes of three wheat rust fungi including Puccinia triticina （Pt）， Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici （Pst） and Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici （Pgt）. The PCWDEs gene family was screened and identified from these CAZymes genes. The expression patterns for selected PCWDEs members of Pt were analyzed by qRT-PCR. The results showed as follows： 1） The genomes of wheat rust fungi encode 355， 322 and 345 CAZymes family members， and contain 160， 153 and 158 PCWDEs family members， for Pt， Pst， and Pgt， respectively. There are 75 conserved CAZymes gene subfamiles and 94 orthologous gene clusters of PCWDEs in three wheat rust fungi. 2） 16 PCWDEs of Pt unique genes were induced at differential levels in compatible （Pt15-‘Chinese Spring’） and incompatible （Pt15-‘Yunmai 34’） combinations， and some of them were up-regulated earlier in the incompatible combinations. 3） Four Pt unique PCWDEs belonging to one gene cluster of Pt were homologous to extension-like proteins， which were also regulated for transcriptional level during the infection. In summary， all PCWDEs of wheat rust fungi in genome wide were identified， and the transcriptional patterns of some candidates were detected. The results in this study indicated that PCWDEs might play an important role during the infection of rust fungi.Keywords：wheat rust fungi;PCWDEs;bioinformatics;qRT-PCR;pathogenic mechanism31|24|1<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-07
- Abstract：To investigate the effects of different nitrogen forms on the photosynthetic performance and yield of wheat under the background of elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration， this study utilized an open-top chamber （OTC） and employed a two-factor completely randomized design. Various combinations with two CO2 concentrations， 400 μmol/mol （current atmospheric concentration， C） and 600 μmol/mol （simulated elevated concentration， E）， and two nitrogen fertilizer forms， nitrate nitrogen （NO3--N， A） and ammonium nitrogen （NH4+-N， N）， were employed as treatments. The net photosynthetic rate （Pn）， intercellular CO2 concentration （Ci）， stomatal conductance （Gs） and transpiration rate （Tr） of flag leaves， plant height， aboveground biomass， and yield were measured at different time after anthesis for wheat under different treatment combinations. The results from the 2-year study demonstrated that the elevated CO2 concentration （E） significantly increased the net photosynthetic rate （Pn） and intercellular CO2 concentration （Ci） of wheat flag leaves. However， it had a significant inhibitory effect on stomatal conductance （Gs） and transpiration rate （Tr） of the flag leaves. Furthermore， the elevated CO2 concentration significantly enhanced plant height， aboveground biomass and yield. Under the elevated CO2 treatment （E）， the above-ground biomass， plant height and yield of wheat applied with NH4+-N （A） respectively increased by 5.00%-11.95%， 1.92%-3.59% and 7.17%-8.26% when compared with those of wheat applied with NO3--N， and the number of grains per spike also increased by 4.41%-5.43%. There were differences discovered in the related parameters of photosynthesis under NH4+-N treatment compared to those under NO3--N treatment. The Pn and Tr of flag leaves were increased by 7.91%-27.48% and 4.91%-27.48%， respectively. In conclusion， the application of NH4+-N under elevated CO2 is conducive to improving the photosynthetic capacity of wheat flag leaves， which can significantly increase above-ground biomass and yield of plants.Keywords：wheat;elevated CO2 concentration;nitrogen forms;photosynthesis;yield37|25|0<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-07
- Abstract：In order to understand the research status and hotspot trends of soil organic carbon， based on bibliometric analysis， soil organic carbon as the main topic was searched in the core database of Web of science， and 891 relevant highly cited papers were selected as research data. VOSviewer software and Citespace software were used to quantitatively analyze the literature with soil organic carbon as the theme word. The results showed that： 1） The highly cited literature showed an overall fluctuating trend from 2012 to 2022. 2） Environmental science， ecology and multidisciplinary science were the main disciplines involved in soil organic carbon research， and multidisciplinary science had gradually become the main trend of research and occupying an important position in this field. 3） Yakov Kuzyakov and the Chinese Academy of Sciences were the major contributors and institutions in the fields related to soil organic carbon research. The Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yong Sik Ok were the institutions and authors that cooperate most closely with other scientific research institutions and authors in this research field. 4）Through the analysis of keywords and emergent words， the main research hotspots and development trends in this field mainly focused on the relationship between the change of soil carbon dioxide content and atmospheric greenhouse gas content and climate change， soil organic carbon sequestration and fixation in agricultural land use， and the influence of pyrolysis temperature on biochar. In general， in the context of global warming，research soil organic carbon remains a hot topic. In the future， more attention should be paid to the collaborative research between different environments and different regions， so as to further explore the impact of soil organic carbon change on climate change.Keywords：bibliometrics;soil organic carbon;mapping knowledge domain;visual analysis45|22|6<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-07
- Abstract：In response to the significant issue of fruit collision damage during the post-harvest pipeline transportation of apple， research is conducted on the motion laws of apples falling within the pipeline and the optimal parameter combination for pipeline transportation devices. ANSYS Workbench LS-DYNA software was used to analyze the dynamic simulation of apple falling， and a dynamic model of apple falling within the pipeline was established. A theoretical analysis was combined with simulation to explore the motion laws of apples within the pipeline. Taking the curvature radius of transportation pipelines， the diameter of apples， and the type of buffering materials as factors， single-factor simulation experiments and a 3-factor and 3-level orthogonal experiment were conducted with the equivalent stress between apples and fruit baskets during the collision as the experimental indicator to obtain the optimal parameter combination for the pipeline transportation devices. Benchmark tests were applied to validate the reliability of the simulated apple transportation process. The results of single-factor experiments showed that： With the increasing of the curvature radius of the transportation pipelines， the positions of collisions between apples and fruit baskets moved closer to the bottom of the baskets， and the equivalent stress during collision increased gradually. With the increasing of the diameter of apples， the equivalent stress during collision also increased gradually. The impact of buffering materials on the buffering effect in descending order was as follows： pearl cotton>EVA foam>thermal insulation and moisture retention belt>bubble film>corrugated paper lining. The results of the orthogonal experiments showed that all the three factors had a significant impact on the response value， with the curvature radius of transportation pipelines having the greatest impact， followed by the type of buffering materials， and then the diameter of apples. When the diameter of apples was 75 mm， and the optimal parameter combination for the pipeline transportation devices was the curvature radius of 200 cm with pearl cotton as the buffering material， resulting in the minimum equivalent stress of 26.48 kPa during the collision between apples and fruit baskets. In conclusion， the pipeline transportation devices provided the best protection for apples. The model established for apple falling in pipelines accurately simulated the real falling process of apples， which can provide a scientific basis for designing and optimizing apple pipeline transportation devices.Keywords：apple;pipeline transport;dynamic simulation;equivalent stress21|18|0<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-07
- Abstract：The study was to investigate the effect of photoperiod on morphology， photosynthetic characteristics and carbohydrate content of cucumber seedlings. Under a light intensity of 250 μmol/（m2·s）， four treatments of photoperiods of 8 h/16 h， 12 h/12 h， 16 h/8 h and 20 h/4 h were set to compare the effects of each treatment on cucumber seedlings. The results showed that： The morphological differences of cucumber seedlings after different photoperiod treatments were significant. Their plant height， stem thickness， fresh weight， dry weight and leaf area were all significantly different， and the plant height， stem thickness， and total leaf area under the 12 h/12 h treatment were significantly better than the other treatments. As the photoperiod increases， the thickness of various tissues in the leaves increased， and the activity of Rubisco showed a decreasing trend. The 8 h/16 h treatment significantly increased by 66.23% and 82.86% compared to the 20 h/4 h treatments. The total nitrogen content of cucumber seedlings showed a significant decreasing trend with the increase of photoperiod. The total carbon content under 12 h/12 h treatment was significantly higher than that under 8 h/16 h and 20 h/4 h treatments.The starch content in 12 h/12 h and 16 h/8 h treatments was significantly higher than the other treatments. Taken together， the 12 h/12 h treatment was the optimum photoperiod for cucumber seedling growth. The study can provide a basis and reference for plant factory nursery and supplemental light in facilities.Keywords：cucumber;photoperiod;photosynthesis;carbohydrate content32|22|2<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-07
- Abstract：The lettuce fresh weight estimation through group images was researched to increase the accuracy of online feedback of lettuce information in optimal control of greenhouse climate. Based on the group and single lettuce images， the decrease of over error was investigated through cancellation of positive and negative errors based on group estimation. The influence of occlusion on estimation accuracy was quantified. The improvement of estimation accuracy was realized by introducing a novel loss function with the method of deep learning. The results showed that： 1）Compared with the estimation results of lettuce images in single plant images without occlusion， the determination coefficient（R2） of lettuce fresh weight estimation based on group estimation cropping decreased 0.010 8， the normalized root mean squared error（NRMSE） increased 2.69%， and the mean absolute percentage error（MAPE） decreased 2.36%. Although the estimation was slightly lower， the occlusion of the lettuce group can be close to real production. 2）Although there were occlusion issues in group estimation that led to incomplete cropping， the MAPE in group estimation with the cancellation of positive and negative errors was still 3.49% lower than that in single-lettuce estimation. Therefore， group estimation was a better way of providing feedback on lettuce yield. 3）Based on a more optimized MAPE， mean squared percentage error（MSPE） of the loss function can be further decreased to 8.46% which satisfied the requirements on the estimation accuracy of a “soft sensor”. Considering the reality of greenhouse lettuce production， group estimation is a better way to provide online feedback on lettuce yield to the optimal control of the greenhouse climate. Through optimization methods such as deep learning， the estimation error of lettuce yield can be decreased to within 10%.Keywords：group estimation;lettuce fresh weight;image recognition;deep learning31|22|1<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-07
- Abstract：To effectively prevent the occurrence of gray mold disease in cut rose flowers and guarantee their postharvest quality after harvesting， ‘Vuvuzela’ and ‘Avalanche’ were used as experimental materials to conduct an on-site investigation on the incidence of gray mold in the facility， monitor temperature and humidity inside the facility， obtain rainfall data from local meteorological stations， and construct a prediction model for gray mold disease in the production of rose cut flower facility. The results showed that：. 1） Disease index of ‘Vuvuzela’ and ‘Avalanche’ was linearly correlated with the average temperature and humidity inside greenhouse. Based on this， a prediction model of gray mold was established， Y=4.761－0.332X1＋4.930X2＋0.015X3. The prediction model was validated through on-side measurements， with an average absolute error （MAE） of 0.20 and an average absolute percentage error （MAPE） of 0.31. Therefore， the prediction model can effectively predict the incidence of gray mold in protected cultivation of cut rose within 7 days. 2） Gray mold incidences of ‘Vuvuzela’ and ‘Avalanche’ during storage and vase period were positively correlated with predicted value of disease index in cultivation. When prediction value of disease index was Y=0.33， the gray mold incidence of cut flowers was less than 5.0% after 1 day of simulated transportation and 5 d of cold storage. whereas， when prediction value of disease index was a high predictive value of Y=2.09， the gray mold incidence of cut flowers could reach 35.0% after cold storage. 3） Early prevention and control measures were taken by spraying pesticides three days before the outbreak of the disease in the prediction model. The disease index on the day of harvesting decreased from 2.33 to 1.05， indicating a moderated risk level； the incidence rate of gray mold during vase period reduced from 30.0% to 10.0%. In conclusion， using this prediction model for early prevention and control can prevent the spread of disease in advance， providing support for the monitoring and scientific control of rose fungal disease.Keywords：cut rose;protected production;gray mold;monitoring;prevention31|62|2<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-07
- Abstract：The expression patterns and functions of chalcone isomerase CHI1 gene from different tissues in Lycium chinense were investigated in this study. LcCHI1 gene （Genbank No. OR026273） was obtained using homologous cloning method. Its physicochemical properties， structure， and evolutionary relationships were analyzed using bioinformatics methods.The tissue expression specificity was analyzed using fluorescence quantitative PCR（qRT-PCR） technology and prokaryotic expression analysis was performed. The results showed that： 1） The LcCHI1 gene had a total length of 695 bp， an open reading frame of 633 bp， encoding 210 amino acids and containing a conserved chalcone_3 family domains. 2） Multiple sequence alignment showed that the LcCHI1 protein conformed to the structural characteristics of chalcone protein and had high similarity with other chalcone proteins. Cluster analysis showed that the LcCHI1 protein and the CHI protein of the Solanaceae family aggregated into a single branch. 3） LcCHI1 was highly expressed in the flowers， tender leaves， and tender branches of L. chinense， but low in the roots. With the fruit development of L. chinense， the expression of LcCHI1 showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing， with the highest expression in color changing fruits. 4） The LcCHI1 recombinant protein in the prokaryotic expression vector was constructed， and the expressed protein appeared at 63 ku through SDS-PAGE electrophoresis analysis. In summary， the LcCHI1 gene was highly expressed in flowers and color changing fruits from L. chinense， and can undergo prokaryotic protein expression. The results layed the foundation for the functional verification of the CHI gene in the flavonoid synthesis pathway of L. chinense.Keywords：Lycium chinense;chalcone isomerase;gene cloning;gene expression;prokaryotic expression24|55|0<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-07
- Abstract：In order to quickly and real-time evaluate the quality of Chinese herbs in the production process of enzymatic hydrolysis， the study conducted enzymatic hydrolysis on 5 type of dandelion and a total of 125 samples of five kinds of dandelions were collected. Partial least squares regression （PLSR） method was used to establish the NIR analytical model for enzymatic hydrolysis of dandelion polysaccharides. The results showed as follows： 1） When the spectrum was preprocessed by Standard Normal Variate （SNV） + Detrend + Second Derivative （SD）， the spectrum range was 908-1 670 nm， and the principal factor number was 2， the modeling effect of enzymatic dandelion polysaccharide prediction model was the best. 2） The correlation coefficient of the calibration set （R2c） was 0.917 5， the root mean square error of the calibration set （RMSEC） was 7.714 4， the standard error of the calibration （SEC） was 7.753 3， and the highest relative percent deviation of the calibration set （RPDc） was 3.480 9. The correlation coefficient of the validation set （R2p）was 0.878 4， the root mean square error of the cross validation set （RMSECV）was 9.411 5， the standard error of prediction （SEP） was 9.458 2， and the relative percent deviation of the validation （RPDp） was 2.867 2. 3） The external test results showed that there was no significant difference between the predicted value and the measured value of the sample （P＞0.05）. In summary， the NIR analytical model established in this study can be used for rapid and non-destructive real-time monitoring of the polysaccharide content of the enzymatic hydrolysis of dandelion， and can provide technical support for the quality control of the enzymatic hydrolysis process of dandelion.Keywords：near infrared spectroscopy;quantitative analysis model;polysaccharides;enzymatic hydrolysis of dandelion27|60|1<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-07
- Abstract：To analyze the effects of the combination of Bacillus subtilis and Pediococcus pentosaceus tablets on the performance and intestinal damage of broilers fed moldy feed， 96 1-day-old white feather broiler male chicks were randomly divided into a blank group， an attack group， a probiotic group and a detoxification group. Each group had 3 replicates， each with 8 chicks， and the test period was 21 d. The changes in body weight， feed intake and feed-to-weight ratio of broilers in different groups were counted and compared. Changes in serum biochemical indexes were detected by ELISA， and changes in the expression levels of proteins of the jejunum and inflammatory factor mRNA were detected by fluorescence PCR， and changes in the intestinal structure of broilers were observed by histopathology. The results showed that： 1） Compared with the attack group， the body weight， average feed intake， and average daily weight gain of 21-day-old broilers in the detoxification group were significantly higher （P<0.05）. 2） Compared with the attack group， the serum SOD activity， GSH-px activity and MDA content of broilers in the detoxification group were significantly decreased （P<0.05）， the T-AOC content was highly significantly increased （P<0.01）， and all the serum life indexes were significantly regressed （P<0.05）. 3） Compared with the attack group， the morphology of jejunal villi of broilers in the detoxification group was significantly improved， the citrulline （CIT） content in jejunal tissues was highly significantly elevated （P<0.01）， and highly significant reductions in the contents of diamineoxidase （DAO）， D-lactic acid and intestinal fatty acid binding protein （IFABP） occurred （P<0.01）. 4） The mRNA expression levels of the jejunal tight junction protein-related genes occludin 1 （ZO-1）， occludin and claudin-1 were highly significantly increased in the detoxification group compared with the attack group （P<0.01）. 5） Compared with the attack group， the mRNA expression levels of the broiler jejunal inflammatory factors IL-6， IL-8 and TNF-α were all highly significantly （P<0.01） retuned in the detoxification group， and the mRNA expression level of IL-1β， was significantly （P<0.05） retuned in the detoxification group. In conclusion， the combined use of Bacillus subtilis and Pediococcus pentosaceus can improve the decline in broiler performance caused by moldy feed， reduce the morphological changes， barrier damage and inflammatory response of the intestinal tract of broilers caused by moldy feed. This study can provide a theoretical and practical basis for the combined use of these two probiotics as feed additives in production practice to prevent and control mycotoxin poisoning.Keywords：mycotoxins;probiotics;broilers;jejuno-intestinal inflammation;intestinal barrier25|82|2<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-07
- Abstract：The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of interfering with Forkhead box protein O1（FOXO1） gene on the proliferation and differentiation of bovine preadipocytes. Taking the Guyuan cattle preadipocytes as the research object， bovine preadipocytes were isolated by tissue block method， and the purity and differentiation potential of the isolated cells were identified by phenotypic identification and marker gene expression profiling. The bovine FOXO1 interfering lentivirus was screened and packaged， and the effects of interfering FOXO1 on the proliferation and differentiation of bovine adipocytes were explored by EdU staining， flow cytometry， oil red O staining and qPCR. The results showed that： 1） The bovine preadipocytes were successfully isolated and showed high purity and differentiation potential. 2） EdU staining showed that infection of Lv-FOXO1 significantly increased the proliferation rate of bovine adipocytes （P<0.01）. 3） Flow cytometry results showed that interfering with FOXO1 significantly increased the proportion of S-phase positive cells and promoted the G1/S phase transformation of bovine adipocytes， which in turn promoted the proliferation of bovine adipocytes. 4） After interfering with FOXO1， the expression levels of proliferation marker genes PCNA， CDK1 and CDK2 were all extremely significantly upregulated （P<0.01）. 5） After interfering with FOXO1， the production of lipid droplets in bovine precursor adipocytes was significantly reduced， and the expression of PPARG， a lipid-forming marker gene， was extremely significantly down-regulated （P<0.01）， together with the expressions of CEBPB and LPL （P<0.05）. In summary， interfering with FOXO1 can promote the G1/S phase transformation of bovine adipocytes by up-regulating the expressions of proliferation marker genes PCNA， CDK1 and CDK2， thereby promoting the proliferation of bovine adipocytes. Moreover， it can reduce the formation of lipid droplets in bovine adipocytes by reducing the expressions of lipogenic marker genes PPARG， CEBPB and LPL， thus affecting fat deposition. This study can provide theoretical basis for genetic improvement of meat quality of Chinese local yellow cattle.Keywords：FOXO1;Guyuan cattle， preadipocytes;proliferation;differentiation29|54|4<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-07
- Abstract：In order to investigate the effect of dietary energy level on plasma and muscle AA content of meat donkeys， 36 meat donkeys （males） aged 1 year with similar body weights （150±25 kg） were divided into three groups， low energy （LEG）， medium energy （MEG）， and high energy （HEG）. 12.08，13.38 and 14.40 MJ/kg （pre-fattening， 1-45 d）， 13.01， 14.27 and 15.60 MJ/kg （mid-fattening， 46-90 d）， and 13.54， 14.93 and 16.23 MJ/kg （post-fattening， 91-135 d）， respectively. At the end of the experiment， serum biochemical indexes， plasma and amino acid content in the most longissimus dorsi， triceps brachii， biceps femoris， gluteal muscles and muscle protein content were determined. The results showed that： 1） The differences in muscle protein content between different dietary energy levels were not significant （P>0.05）. The contents of functional amino acids （FAA） and delicious amino acids （DAA） in plasma of MEG were significantly higher than those of LEG and HEG（P<0.05）in plasma and brceps femoris muscle， and the contents of FAA and DAA in plasma of LEG were significantly higher than those of HEG （P<0.05）.2） MEG significantly increased the content of essential amino acid （EAA）， branched chain amino acid （BCAA） content as well as EAA/total amino acid （TAA）， EAA/non-essential amino acid （NEAA） （P<0.05）in plasma and biceps femoris muscle， and significantly decreased NEAA and DAA content in biceps femoris muscle （P<0.05）. 3） Total serum protein content of MEG was significantly higher than LEG （P<0.05）， but the difference was not significant compared with HEG. Serum glucose and cholesterol content of MEG and HEG were significantly higher than LEG （P<0.001）， but there was no difference between the two groups of MEG and HEG， and the change rule of urea content was opposite. Serum triglyceride and none-esterified fatty acid contents of HEG and LEG were significantly higher than those in MEG （P<0.05）， the triglyceridecontent of HEG was significantly higher than LEG， and the none-esterified fatty acid content was significantly lower than LEG（P<0.05）；With the increase of energy level， the content of high-density lipoprotein increased significantly （P<0.001）. In conclusion， feeding meat donkeys with medium energy levels in the early， middle and late stages of fatting can improve the AA balance and higher nutritional value of muscle in meat donkeys. This study provides a reference for improving the fattening performance and improving the meat quality of meat donkeys through nutritional regulation.Keywords：meat donkey;energy level;amino acids;serum biochemical index37|63|1<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-07
- Abstract：The purpose of this study is to investigate the differences and optimal combinations of different quality index calculation methods in the soil quality evaluation process. A total of 11 physical and chemical indicators from 79 soil samples in the south bank of Yellow River irrigation area of Hangjin Banner， Inner Mongolia were collected and measured， and a minimum data set based on the principal component analysis was constructed. Moreover， this study compared the soil quality indices calculated under the combination of two weighting methods （principal component analysis and analytic hierarchy process） and three index scoring methods （membership function， linear scoring function， and nonlinear scoring function）， and obtained the optimal combination of methods through the correlation accuracy test with the total data set. The results showed that： 1） The analytic hierarchy process determined higher weights for physical indicators and lower weights for available nutrient indicators than the principal component analysis. The distribution trend of index score calculation results by membership function， linear scoring function， and nonlinear scoring function was basically consistent， but the membership function had a higher degree of differentiation when scoring the physical indicators. 2） The highest accuracy of correlation test for the minimum data set soil quality index was calculated using the analytic hierarchy process to determine the weights， and the membership function to determine the index scores， with R2=0.85， the Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient of 0.81， and the relative deviation coefficient of 0.04. 3） The range of soil quality indices calculated for two datasets under the optimal combination of methods was 0.25-0.71 and 0.16-0.78， respectively， with mean values of 0.43 and 0.45， indicating that the soil quality in the study area was at a moderate level. In summary， this study determined the optimal combination of methods to accurately evaluate the soil quality in the south bank of Yellow River irrigation area in Hangjin Banner， and provided reference for the selection of index weights and score calculation methods in further studies.Keywords：soil quality index;principal component analysis;analytical hierarchy process;minimum data set;south bank of Yellow River irrigation area32|53|4<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-07
- Abstract：Litter is an important source of organic matter in forest ecosystems， and its decomposition process is driven by many abiotic factors. In order to investigate the decomposition dynamics of litter at different elevations and slope directions in alpine forest， a two-year litter burial experiment was conducted with Rhododendron simsii litter at 4 gradient elevations （3 500， 3 700， 3 900 and 4 100 m） and 2 slope directions of northwestern and southeastern slopes in in Mount Segrila. The Olson model was used to clarify the degradation pattern of litter， and the factors affecting the litter decomposition were investigated in the mass loss of lignocellulose and the physicochemical properties of the soil. The results showed that： The mass residual rate of litter at different elevations and slope directions decreased with the increase of decomposition time， ranging from 36.65% to 75.99%. The decomposition speed of litter and lignocellulose were generally greater on negative slopes than that on positive slopes. The degree of lignin decomposition was the highest， contributing more than 50% to the litter mass loss； decomposition rate was the fastest and the half-life and turnover period was the shortest on the positive slope at 3 700 m. The nutrient content of carbon， nitrogen， phosphorus， and potassium in soil was mainly affected by slope direction and litter decomposition time， with relatively small differences among different elevations. Elevation， slope direction， decomposition time， and their interactions all had a significant effect on litter decomposition （P<0.01）， and the soil moisture and the carbon to nitrogen ratio were also important factors affecting litter decomposition. This study provides a theoretical basis for the decomposition pattern and influencing factors of litter in alpine forests.Keywords：elevation;aspect of slope;litter;decomposition;apline forest25|62|7<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-07
- Abstract：In order to scientifically measure regional water resources carrying capacity and study sustainable utilization of water resources， Inner Mongolia Region was taken as the case and the modeling platform of Vensim was used to construct a regional water resources supply and demand system based on system dynamics theory. Considering resources， environment and economy， this study simulated four scenarios， namely， the quo scenario， economic development scenario， saving and green low-carbon scenario， technological innovation scenario from 2020 to 2025. AHP and entropy weight combinational method were adopted to predict the water resources carrying capacity index value and identified factors affecting water resource carrying capacity through sensitivity analysis. The results showed that： 1） The technological innovation scenario effectively decreased industrial and domestic water demand with a total water consumption of 21.693 billion m3. The saving and green low-carbon scenario mainly saved agricultural and domestic water with a total water consumption of 21.701 billion m3. The quo scenario had a total water consumption of 22.026 billion m3， while the economic development scenario had the largest water resource consumption with a total water consumption of 22.575 billion m3. 2） The water resource carrying capacity index under technological innovation scenario was the highest， which was an important development direction in the field of water resource utilization in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. The saving and green low-carbon scenario as well as quo scenario took next places. The index of the economic development scenario was the lowest and the utilization of water resources was unsustainable. 3） The main factors affecting water resource carrying capacity were power generation， precipitation， planting area of various crops and green planting. The main reasons were the small proportion of non-fossil energy power generation， the wide scale of crop planting industry， the high water consumption per unit area for crop and the high water demand for green planting. Therefore， the optimization of energy utilization structure， water-saving in planting， water reprocessing and other technological innovations as well as low-carbon conservation measures are effective to improve the carrying capacity of water resources in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.Keywords：water resources carrying capacity;system dynamics model;scenario simulation;factors;Inner Mongolia Autonomas Region31|51|3<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-07
- Abstract：Reasonable construction and protection of ecological landscape at farm scale to maintain relevant landscape services is an important content of ecological farm construction. In order to promote the construction of ecological farm ecological landscape and provide a scientific basis for the formulation of relevant encouraging policies， this study carried out an investigation on 46 orchard farms （35 organic farms， 11 conventional farms） in suburban Beijing to understand the current characteristics of the ecological landscape in operational farms. Farmers’ attitude， landscape preference and their willingness to participate in ecological compensation were explored. The results showed that： Most farms concern more on production and have little consideration on landscape and ecological conservation， resulting in poor landscape effect. Organic farm managers have a significantly better understanding on ecological land than conventional farm managers. However， both of them hope to obtain better landscape services through constructing ecological landscape elements； More than 50% of farm managers prefer to build ecological land with flower plants， and place them at farm boundaries or between fields for land saving. There are more than 90% of farm managers are willing to accept ecological compensation， and expect more than five years financial subsidies provided by government； Farm type and management model affect the decision on the area of ecological landscape construction. Organic farms， enterprises or cooperative farms are more inclined to use more than 5% of the land area for ecological landscape construction. Therefore， strengthening the training on farmer’s awareness and practice management on ecological conservation and promoting ecological compensation on flowering ecological land by government are important strategies to encourage the construction of ecological landscape elements for the improvement of ecosystem services in ecological farms.Keywords：ecological farm;ecological land;landscape preference;farm manager;orchard in Beijing suburb;ecological compensation37|61|1<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-07
