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- Abstract：In order to clarify the spatial and temporal distribution and change trend of cotton meteorological disasters in Xinjiang，based on the daily surface meteorological observation data of 101 meteorological stations，disaster data and cotton production data in Xinjiang cotton planting area from 1961 to 2020，the high temperature heat damage index of cotton flowering and boll-forming period in Xinjiang was selected. The linear trend analysis，spatial interpolation analysis and M-K trend analysis were used to analyze the spatial and temporal distribution and variation characteristics of the frequency and intensity of high temperature heat damage at cotton flowering and boll-forming period in Xinjiang from the decadal，interannual and pentad scales. The results showed that：1）The high temperature damage of cotton in Xinjiang was mainly severe，followed by moderate. The frequency of high temperature damage in each grade was high in the south and low in the north. The high value areas were concentrated in Hotan Area，Bayingolin Mongol Autonomous Prefecture，Turpan Ctiy and Changji Hui Autonomous Prefecture. 2）From 1961 to 2020，the station proportion，number of days and hazardous heat accumulation temperature of high temperature heat damage of cotton in Xinjiang showed an increasing trend. The trend rate of station proportion in southern and northern Xinjiang was 2.2% and 1.6% per 10 years，and the hazardous heat accumulation temperature changed by 1.7 and 1.9 °C·d per 10 years，respectively. High temperature damage was the most serious in the 2010s. 3）From July 1st pentad to September 3rd pentad，the station proportion and occurrence frequency of high temperature heat damage in Xinjiang cotton increased first and then decreased with the passage of pentad sequence，and the occurrence frequency of high temperature heat damage was higher from July 4th pentad to August 1st pentad. Compared with period I and period II，the pentad sequence with the largest ratio of stations in period II tends to advance. The pentad sequence with the largest ratio of stations in northern Xinjiang is advanced from August 1st pentad （29.2%） to July 3rd pentad（31.6%），and that in southern Xinjiang is advanced from July 6th pentad （28.9%） to July 4th pentad （33.2%）.Keywords：Xinjiang;cotton;high temperature damage;spatiotemporal characteristics56|24|2<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-07
- Abstract：To address the single genetic background and scarce breeding resources of rice in Xinjiang， rice germplasm resources from different ecological regions were introduced. The genetic diversity of their phenotypic traits was studied and excellent rice germplasm was screened. A total of 355 rice plants for 17 qualitative and 20 quantitative traits were investigated. The results showed that： The rice germplasm displayed a rich variety of variation in qualitative traits including panicle exsertion， second branch， shape of panicle， leaf blade pubescence and tillering ability. The 20 quantitative traits ranged from 3.906% to 57.519% variation， with genetic diversity indices ranging from 1.713 to 2.067. Through cluster analysis， the 355 rice germplasm resources were divided into four major Groups. Group Ⅰ belonged to 97 specific germplasm with extreme grain type，group Ⅱ belonged to 81 potential yield increasing germplasm， group Ⅲ belonged to 94 late maturing extreme germplasm， and group Ⅳ belonged to 83 high-yielding and high-quality germplasm with excellent high yield grain type. Principal component analysis converted the 20 quantitative traits into five composite factors with a cumulative contribution of 74.989%， with the components contributing 17.472% （PC1）， 17.071% （PC2）， 15.738% （PC3）， 15.237% （PC4） and 9.429% （PC5）， respectively； The comprehensive score of rice germplasm resources ranged from 0.4168 to 1.2408， and the top 10 germplasm resources based on the comprehensive score were ‘21Y137’ ‘21Y271’ ‘21Y162’ ‘21Y280’ ‘21Y276’ ‘21Y87’ ‘21Y132’ ‘21Y254’ ‘21Y294’ ‘21Y318’， which are all high-yielding grain type and excellent group Ⅳ germplasm. In conclusion， the top 10 germplasm resources can be used as the high-yielding and high-quality rice parent selections for the future in Xinjiang.Keywords：Xinjiang;rice;germplasm resources;phenotypic traits;genetic diversity51|33|6<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-07
- Abstract：In order to evaluate the most stable rice blast resistance and its stability and high yield adaptability in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River， the yield data and rice blast resistance data of rice varieties were comprehensively analyzed based on GGE biplot. A total of 13 medium Indica rice varieties planted in 16 test sites of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River were selected. The results showed that： The average yield of ‘Shuangliangyouyuenongsimiao’ was 0.95×104 kg/hm2 and the comprehensive index of identification was 3.2. It was an ideal variety with high yield， good stability， and high resistance to rice blast. The average yield of ‘Chun 9 Liangyou 70’ 0.97×104 kg/hm2 was high with medium stability and strong resistance to rice blast. Its comprehensive index of identification was 3.3. This variety has the best yield performance in Yueyang of Hunan， Huanggang of Hubei and Wuhu of Anhui， reaching 1.09×104， 1.16×104 and 1.06×104 kg/hm2， respectively. This variety showed the best yield performance in multiple locations， which meant an ecologically adaptable variety. The yield of ‘Shenheliangyou 1133’ 0.93×104 kg/hm2 was higher， but it was low stability and sensitive to the environment. The average comprehensive index of rice blast resistance identification was 4.0. This variety was suitable for promoting planting in specific locations such as Gao'an， Jianyang， Wenzhou， etc. The ideal test sites selected for comprehensive evaluation based on GGE biplot were Wuhan， Huanggang， Xiuning， Ji'an and Wenzhou because these sites had strong differentiation of varieties and good representation of ecological regions.Keywords：rice;regional trial;GGE biplot;rice blast resistance;genotype evaluation;test-environment evaluation26|18|2<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-07
- Abstract：In order to investigate the application effect of fully biodegradable water permeable plastic film mulch on soil hydrothermal and the yield of dry-crop foxtail millet in the dry-farming hilly area of the Loess Plateau， a field experiment was conducted from 2021 to 2022. A total of three different types of mulch cover， water permeable plastic film mulch （T1）， plastic film mulch （T2） and fully biodegradable water permeable plastic film mulch （T3） were selected and no mulch （CK） is used as the control. The effect of the different types of mulch treatment on dry matter accumulation and yield of foxtail millet， soil water content and soil temperature and to anaylzed the degradation performance and economic benefits of fully biodegradable water permeable plastic film mulch were compared and analyzed. The results showed that： The degradation of fully biodegradable water permeable plastic film mulch （T3） began to occur at 30 d， and the reticulated cracks appeared in 150 d time. The most of the mulch was broken into small pieces， with an average degradation rate of 54.3% per unit area； The daily change of soil temperature in each fertility period of foxtail millet under mulching treatment showed a trend of increasing and then decreasing， and the soil temperature reached the highest at 16：00， and the temperature of three mulch treatments increased 0.5 to 8.0 ℃ at 10 cm soil layer， and 0.3 to 6.5 ℃ at 20 cm soil layer compared with the non-mulching treatment （CK）. At higher temperatures， soil temperatures in the T3 treatment was reduced by 0.5 to 3.5 ℃ compared to the T2 treatment； Compared with CK， all mulching treatments increased soil water content in the 0 to 40 cm soil layer of the tillage layer by 7.8% to 38.1%； Mulching significantly increased the aboveground dry matter accumulation of cereals at the jointing stage， heading stage， and filling stage， with average increases of 37.7% to 91.2%， 37.2% to 92.1%， and 15.4% to 56.6% for the T1， T2， and T3 treatments， respectively. In terms of yield， the 2-year seed yield and biomass yield of the fully biodegradable water permeable plastic film mulch treatment （T3） compared with CK were significantly increased by 35.4% to 37.5% and 30.8% to 44.1%， respectively， and the net income was increased by an average of 9 861.71 yuan/hm2. From the perspective of comprehensive consideration of foxtail millet growth， yield and soil moisture content and temperature and economic benefits， the fully biodegradable water permeable plastic film mulch can be applied to the production of dry-crop foxtail millet in the Loess Plateau instead of plastic film mulch， and it can effectively alleviate the soil environmental pollution caused by ordinary membranes.Keywords：soil moisture;soil temperature;yield;fully biodegradable water permeable plastic film;degradation rate;economic benefits31|20|7<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-07
- Abstract：In order to understand the quality development status and variety improvement trends of the leading rapeseed varieties in China， PubMed， SpringerLink， and China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases were searched by taking “rapeseed variety improvement” “rapeseed breeding” and “rapeseed industry development” as keywords. A total of 70 relevant literature published from 1987 to 2023 were obtained and combined with rapeseed leading variety data released by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs， the National Bureau of Statistics and the China Seed Industry Big Data Platform. A comprehensive analysis was conducted to explore the leading varieties and industry status of rapeseed in China， as well as the existing risks and shortcomings， as well as future development trends. The results show that： 1） The planting area of rapeseed in China is stabilizing， the number of rapeseed varieties is significantly increasing， and the diversity is becoming more abundant； 2） The oil content of the leading rapeseed variety has significantly increased， and the yield has continuously achieved breakthroughs； 3） There are some risks in the current rapeseed varieties in China， such as the low oil content and yield of specialized varieties， severe homogenization of rapeseed varieties， weak disease resistance， short growth period， and insufficient varieties with stress resistance. In summary， China's rapeseed industry has made significant progress in variety improvement and industrial development， but still needs to pay attention to issues such as variety quality and disease resistance. In the future， efforts can be made to strengthen the collection and utilization of rapeseed germplasm resources， promote the research and development of genetically modified organisms for breeding， and promote the transformation of rapeseed plant type， resistance， and photosynthetic efficiency to achieve a series of breakthroughs in oil production. This will meet diversified needs， explore close planting and yield increasing technologies to improve the mechanization production level of rapeseed， and promote the sustainable development of China's rapeseed industry.Keywords：rapeseed;variety improvement;development trends;molecular breeding50|31|15<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-07
- Abstract：Composting is one of the important ways to promote the construction of the technical system of harmless treatment and recycling of urban green waste. In order to explore the optimization strategies for promoting decay and reducing emission of green waste composting， based on CNKI and Web of Science Core Database， the literature related to green waste composting was sorted and summarized. The spatial and temporal characteristics， physical and chemical properties of green waste and the challenges of composting technology were discussed. Meanwhile， from the aspects of pretreatment method of green waste， nutrient structure of compost materials， regulation of bacterial community function and optimization of compost engineering parameters， the optimization strategies of green waste composting were summarized. The results showed that： Suitable pretreatment methods or material allocation strategies should be selected according to multiple factors such as raw material characteristics， operating cost and composting application scenarios. It is necessary to inoculate specific functional microorganisms and optimize microbial inoculant methods with reasonable selections of composting engineering technology to promote compost humification process and reduce odor gas emission. In order to accelerate the rapid degradation technology of green waste， and provide support for the pilot construction of urban green waste treatment and resource utilization， the research direction of high temperature aerobic composting technology for green waste is proposed in the end.Keywords：green waste;composting;optimization strategies;microorganism;material recombination40|26|3<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-07
Effects of additives on the fermentation process and nitrogen loss of tomato stem aerobic composting
Abstract：In order to study the ways to reduce nitrogen loss during aerobic composting of tomato stalks and to improve the quality of compost， a 45 d aerobic composting test was conducted by using crushed tomato stalks as raw material. Five percent humic acid （T1）， calcium chloride （T2） or calcium superphosphate （T3） were added according to the dry weight of the material， and at the same time， a heap without any additive was used as a control （CK）. The results showed that： All three additives reduced the nitrogen loss during composting， as well as the volatilization of ammonia； At the end of composting， the nitrogen loss rates of CK， T1， T2 and T3 treatments at the end of composting were 18.04%， 15.00%， 12.65% and 14.05%， respectively， with the cumulative ammonia volatilization of CK （1 648.11 mg/kg）＞T1 （1 330.35 mg/kg）＞T3（995.35 mg/kg）＞T2（528.11 mg/kg）. Among them， the treatment with added calcium chloride had the best nitrogen retention effect with a low nitrogen loss rate of 12.65% and showed a 67.96% reduction in ammonia volatilization compared with the control； The high temperature period of all the treatments was ≥3 d， and the germination index was greater than or equal to 80%， which indicated that the heap had been rotted and was not phytotoxic. In conclusion， the addition of calcium chloride to the aerobic composting of tomato stalks is ideal for reducing nitrogen loss in the composting process. This study provides a theoretical basis for the optimization of nitrogen conservation process of tomato stalk aerobic composting.Keywords：tomato stem;aerobic composting;nitrogen loss;ammonia volatilization;additive31|21|5<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-07- Abstract：To investigate the effects of different R/FR ratios on the growth and physiological indices and improve the quality of seedlings， different lights were used to illuminate double-root-cutting grafted watermelon seedlings. Four light quality combinations were set as follows： Dark （D）， White light （W）， High ratio R/FR （R/FR=3， H） and Low ratio R/FR （R/FR=0.3， L）. The morphology， osmoregulatory substances， antioxidant enzyme system and photosynthetic fluorescence characteristics of watermelon grafted seedlings were analyzed using darkness as a control. The results showed that compared with the controlL treatmentcould significantly improve the survival rate and growth indicators of grafted seedlings， significantly increasethe antioxidant enzyme activities （SOD and POD）， soluble sugar and soluble protein mass fractions in the scion leaves， and significantly reduce the accumulation of O2-， H2O2 and MDA. L treatment also had certain effects on the photosynthetic system of watermelon grafted seedlings. After 8 d of treatment， the photosynthetic characteristic indicators， Fv/Fm， Fv′/Fm′ and ФPSII of grafted seedlings were significantly increased and NPQ was significantly decreased. However， long-term treatment （20 d） can lead to a decrease inchlorophyll mass fraction and photosynthetic characteristic indicators including Fv/Fm， Fv′/Fm′， ФPSII and qP， while NPQ was significantly increased. In summary， low ratio R/FR treatment can enhance the antioxidant capacity of watermelon grafted seedlings and affect the process of photosynthesis， ultimately promoting the survival and growth of double-root-cutting grafted watermelon seedlings.Keywords：double-root-cutting grafting;watermelon;R/FR;antioxidant system;photosystem26|23|1<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-07
- Abstract：In order to explore the relationship between betaine root application and regulating leaf photosynthesis， antioxidant capacity and osmotic regulation， and the feasibility of enhancing salt tolerance of melon seedlings， ‘Xizhoumi 25’ melon seedlings were used as study materials. Muskmelon seedlings were pretreated with betaine （5，10，20 and 40 mmol/L） for 3 days， and then treated with NaCl stress （75 and 150 mmol/L） for 7 days. The root activity， relative permeability of cell membrane， photosynthetic pigment， photosynthetic physiology， osmotic adjustment substance and antioxidant enzyme activity of muskmelon seedlings were determined. The results showed that： 1） Compared with the control group， different concentrations of NaCl had a significant impact on various physiological indicators of melon seedlings（P<0.05）. 2） Root application of betaine pretreatment had a certain alleviating effect on NaCl stress. Betaine with a concentration of 5-10 mmol/L can improve the content of photosynthetic pigment， photosynthetic capacity and antioxidant enzyme activity in the leaves of melon seedlings to varying degrees， with the best mitigation effect. 3）The root activity and photosynthetic characteristic parameters of melon seedlings pretreated with 5-10 mmol/L betaine were lower under 150 mmol/L NaCl stress than under 75 mmol/L NaCl stress， indicating that root application of betaine had a better effect in alleviating low concentration NaCl stress. In conclusion， exogenous root application of betaine can effectively alleviate the salt injury to muskmelon seedlings by regulating various physiological and biochemical mechanisms， enabling them to resisit NaCl stress. The best mitigation effect was at the concentration of 5-10 mmol/L.Keywords：muskmelon;betaine;NaCl stress;photosynthesis;osmoregulation;antioxidant enzyme activity27|25|1<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-07
- Abstract：In order to explore the function of GhPP2C1 （Protein phosphatase 2C1） in Gladiolus and its response to abscisic acid （ABA）， the key protein phosphatase gene GhPP2C1 in ABA signal transduction was obtained using homologous cloning method using Gladiolus （‘Rose Supreme’） as the sample. RT-qPCR， subcellular localization and promoter GUS staining were performed to detect its response to ABA. The response element of the promoter sequence was analyzed. GhPP2C1 gene was overexpressed in Arabidopsis， the transgenic lines were tested for ABA sensitivity， and downstream genes expression and phenotype were analyzed. The results were as follows： 1） The expression of GhPP2C1 was significantly upregulated by ABA treatment. 2） GhPP2C1 was localized in the cytoplasm and could be induced into the nucleus under induction of ABA treatment. 3）The GhPP2C1 promoter fragment contained some responsive elements， such as ABA， gibberellins （GAs）， dehydration and cold. The GhPP2C1 promoter activity was activated by ABA in N. benthamiana leaves and Arabidopsis roots. 4）In Arabidopsis， heterologous overexpression of GhPP2C1 resulted in a significant decrease in the expression of downstream genes in ABA signaling pathway and a significant increase in branch number， plant height and seed pod number. In conclusion， GhPP2C1 might promote seed dormancy release by participating in reducing ABA signal transduction， and might also play a role in plant vegetative growth.Keywords：Gladiolus;GhPP2C1;abscisic acid;heterologous transformation of Arabidopsis30|17|1<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-07
- Abstract：To investigate the potential functions of the Runt-related transcription factor 3 （RUNX3） gene， this study utilized quantitative real-time PCR （qRT-PCR） to detect the expression of the chicken RUNX3 gene in the heart， liver， spleen， leg and duodenum tissues. The evolutionary tree of the RUNX3 gene was constructed using bioinformatics software， and the physicochemical properties and structural functions of the encoded protein were analyzed. The results showed that： 1） The expression level of the chicken RUNX3 gene was significantly higher in the spleen and duodenum compared to other tissues （P<0.05）. 2） Phylogenetic analysis of the nucleotide sequences showed that chicken RUNX3 was most closely related to turkey and highly conserved. 3） Physicochemical property analysis showed that chicken RUNX3 gene-encoded protein was a stable and hydrophilic protein. Structural domain prediction revealed that the protein did not have a transmembrane structure， contained two conserved structural domains， and the secondary and tertiary structure mainly consisted of random curls， and was predicted to contain 58 phosphorylation sites， 31 serine sites， 23 threonine sites， and 4 tyrosine sites. 4） Protein interactions prediction revealed that RUNX3 was associated with SMAD3， CBFB， GATA3， EP300， SMAD2， CTNNB1 and other proteins. In conclusion， chicken RUNX3 was highly expressed in spleen and duodenum， its nucleotide sequence was highly conserved in avian species， RUNX3 protein was a stable， hydrophilic， non-transmembrane protein， and there was a strong interaction between RUNX3 and proteins such as SMAD3， CBFB， and GATA3， etc. The present study provides a theoretical basis for the further study of the mechanism of action of chicken RUNX3 at molecular level.Keywords：chicken;RUNX3 gene;tissue expression profile;bioinformatics analysis28|23|0<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-07
- Abstract：To explore the distribution and feature of repetitive sequences in yak genome （BosGru3.1）， the perfect SSRs were detected by bioinformatics methods in the yak genome， and its distribution characteristics were comprehensively analyzed .The results showed that： 1） A total of 778 413 perfect SSRs were screened out in yak genome （2.83 Gb）， with a total length of 14.42 Mb， accounting for 0.51% of the total length of the genome sequence. The relative frequency and relative density were 274.92 loci/Mb and 5 094.43 bp/Mb， respectively. 2） Among the 31 chromosomes of yak， chromosome 1 contained the largest number of SSRs （48 592， 6.24%）， and chromosome 29 contained the lowest number of SSRs （11 758， 1.51%）. The length of the chromosomal DNA sequence was significantly positively correlated with the number of SSRs contained. 3） In yak genome， the distribution of six repeat types of perfect SSRs was uneven. Among them， the number of SSRs with mononucleotide repeat type was the highest （320 592， 41.19%）， followed by dinucleotide （197 824， 25.41%）， trinucleotide （130 441， 16.76%）， pentanucleotide （75 056， 9.64%）， tetranucleotide （52 523， 6.75%）， and hexanucleotide （1 977， 0.25%）. 4） Repeat copy category of A， AC， AT， AGC， AAC， AAAT， AAAC， AACTG， AGATC， and AACCCT was predominate in six repeat types， showing a distinct A（T） base composition advantage. 5） The repeat copy numbers of different type of perfect SSRs were concentrated at 12-25 （mononucleotide）， 7-26 （dinucleotide）， 5-13 （trinucleotide）， 4-8 （tetranucleotide）， 4-7 （pentanucleotide）， and 4-6 （hexanucleotide）. In conclusion， there are differences in the frequency， density， dominant base categories， and copy numbers among different types of SSRs， showing certain regularity. The results of this study can provide a reference for a deeper understanding of the composition and distribution features of repetitive sequences， especially perfect SSRs， and lay a foundation for subsequent studies on mining yak-specific SSR markers， constructing genetic maps， and carrying out marker-trait association analyses.Keywords：Yak;genome;perfect microsatellite;abundance20|21|5<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-07
- Abstract：In order to analyze the drug resistance and molecular characteristics of Salmonella from yaks in Tibet， the drug resistance of 30 strains of Salmonella isolated from yak feces in Tibet were tested by drug-sensitive paper method with determination of resistance of 22 antibiotics including three major categories of lactams， quinolones and aminoglycosides. PCR amplification was used to detect 18 drug resistance genes such as bla-TEM， bla-CTX and bla-CMY.Chi-square test and Fisher Precise test were used to analyze the correlation between the expression forms of drug resistance and the carrying status of drug resistance genes. The related drug resistance genes were amplified and sequenced.CLC Sequence Viewer 7.5 and MAGE 7.0 software was used to analyze the relationship between the difference of key amino acid sites related to coding translation of β-lactam resistance gene （bla-TEM） and aminoglycoside resistance gene （armA） and drug resistance characteristics. The results showed that： 1） The 30 isolates showed serious resistance to β-lactam， there was a relatively serious phenomenon of resistance to lactams， with 30 strains of Salmonella accounting for the most resistance to oxacillin （OX）， accounted for 60%. They are also resistant to penicillin （PG）， piperacillin （PRL）， amoxicillin （AMX）， amPicillin （AM）， carbenicillin （CB）， cephalexin （CN）， cefuroxime （CXM）， ceftriaxone （CRO）， cefadine （RAD）， ceftazidime （CAZ）， cefoperazone （CFP） and cefzolin （CZO）.The resistance rate were 56.67%， 43.33%， 40.00%， 53.33%， 53.33%， 46.67%， 56.67%， 53.67%， 50.00%， 46.67% 56.67% and 30.00%， respectively. They were sensitive to quinolones. The resistance rate to strePtomycin （SM） in aminoglycoside accounted for 60%， while the resistance rates to kanamycin （KAN）， tobramycin （CAS） and amikacin （AKM） were 13.33%， 33.33% and 30.00%， respectively. 2） The dominant drug resistance profile of 30 Salmonella strains was PG/OX/PRL/AMX/AM/CB/SM. 3） The carrying rate of β-lactam related resistance gene bla-TEM was higher （53.3%， 16/30）. In addition， bla-TEM and β-lactam drugs showed positive effects on penicillin （PG）， oxacillin （OX）， piperacillin （PRL）， amoxicillin （AMX）， ampicillin （AM）， Carbenicillin （CB）， cefalexin （CN）， cefuroxime （CXM）， cefradine （RAD）， ceftazidme （CAZ） and cefoperazone （CFP）. There was a significant correlation （P＜0.05）， the carrying rate of aminoglycosid-related resistance gene armA was 60%（18/30）， and it was significantly correlated with the resistance of tobramycin （CAS）， streptomycin （SM） and Amikacin （AKM） （P＜0.05）. 4） Some amino acids encoded by bla-TEM and armA had differences sites related to the resistance of Salmonella bacteria. In summary， the situation of β-lactam drug and aminoglycoside drug resistance of Salmonella in Tibet is very serious. The reason for the high resistance rate of β-lactam drug and aminoglycoside drug in Tibet is that Salmonella bacteria carry resistance genes bla-TEM and armA， which are related to amino acid site mutations. This study provides a theoretical basis for strengthening the resistance monitoring of yak Salmonella in Tibet.Keywords：Salmonella;beta-lactam;quinolones;aminoglycosides;molecular characterization27|20|0<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-07
- Abstract：The aim of this study was to investigate the therapeutic effects and mechanisms of lactic acid bacteria （LAB） on intestinal mucosal barrier damage caused by E.coli in calf yaks. A total of 24 healthy calf yaks were randomly divided into four groups： control group， model group （E.coli O78）， low-dose LAB group （E.coli O78+1×107 CFU LAB）， and high-dose LAB group （E.coli O78+1×1011 CFU LAB）.The morphologic evaluation of small intestine was processed by HE staining， and the ratio of villus height （VH） to crypt depth （CD） in each segment of small intestine was calculated （C/V）. The expression levels of p38 and MAPK proteins in small intestine were detected by Western blot. The results showed that：1） In the model group， calf yaks were treated with E.coli O78， the villi of small intestine of calf yaks were disorderly arranged， the crypt were deepen， and the boundary was fuzzy. There were inflammatory cell infiltration in the lamina propria and submucosa. After the intervention of LAB， the histopathological structure of small intestine villi of calf yaks were improved. 2） The VH index and V/C ratio of small intestine in the model group were significantly lower than those in the control group. With the increase of LAB intervention dose， the VH index and V/C ratio of small intestine in the high-dose LAB group were significantly higher than those in the model group and the low-dose LAB group （P＜0.05）， while the V/C ratio in the high-dose LAB group was significantly higher than that in the model group （P＜0.05）， and there was no significant difference in VH index and V/C ratio between the high-dose LAB group and the control group （P＞0.05）. 3） Compared with the control group， the expression levels of p38 and MAPK proteins in the model group were significantly increased （P＜0.01）， and the protein expression levels of p38 and MAPK decreased with the increase of LAB intervention dose. The expression levels of p38 and MAPK proteins in the high-dose LAB group were significantly lower than those in the model group and the low-dose LAB group， and there was no significant difference compared with the control group （P＞0.05）. In conclusion， the LAB can improve the morphology and structure of small intestine， regulate the expression of p38 and MAPK proteins， and play a role in treatment of E.coli O78 induced diarrhea in calf yaks， which provides a theoretical basis and experimental basis for the research and development of probiotic products.Keywords：Yak;Lactic acid bacteria;Escherichia coli;intestinal mucosa;protection mechanism19|16|2<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-07
- Abstract：In response to the problems that current peanut seeders has difficult to adapt to the working environment of clay loam soil in Southern China and can only be used for a single variety， an universal rotary tillage high ridge single seed seeder was designed in this study. Based on the agronomic requirements of peanut seeding， theoretical analysis and design were conducted on the key components of the seeder. In order to select a seed metering device that could be suitable for multiple peanut varieties， the main peanut varieties ‘Silihong’ and ‘Xianghua’ planted in Southern China were used as experimental objects. The type of seed metering disc and the speed of the seed metering shaft were taken as experimental factors， and the seed spacing qualification index and the damage rate were taken as evaluation indicators. Single factor bench tests were conducted based on the JPS-12 type seed metering performance test bench， and 2BHG-160 rotary tillage high ridge single seed seeder prototype was trail produced and field experiments were conducted. The results of the bench test showed that the optimal type of seed tray for sowing ‘Silihong’ and ‘Xianghua’ was the large seed tray， and the optimal seed axis speed was 10 r/min. The field test results showed that the qualified index of grain spacing between ‘Silihong’ and ‘Xianghua’ were 94.04 and 93.22， and the damage rates were 0.14%、0.62%， respectively. The qualified rate of the seeding depth of the whole machine， the ridge stability coefficient， and furrow stability coefficient were 84%， 96.69%， and 95.47%， respectively. In conclusion， the machine designed in this study has good performance and can be used for peanut sowing in the southern clay loam environment.Keywords：peanut;planter;furrow opener;seed-metering device33|23|2<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-07
- Abstract：Exploring the decision-making of temporary land reclamation and utilization for transportation can effectively connect the relationships among transportation construction， food security， and rural revitalization. Taking Chongzuo-Aidian Expressway of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region as an example， the multi-indicator evaluation and spatial analysis were comprehensively utilized to construct a suitable evaluation system for the reclamation and utilization of temporary land for transportation projects based on the integration of resource-cost-efficiency. The measurement of suitability index for utilization of temporary land as well as the hierarchical evaluation were carried out， and the optimal direction and mode of utilization of temporary land for transportation projects were determined. The results show that： 1） There are 11 evaluation units suitable for reclamation of the temporary land of Chongzuo-Aidian Expressway， with an area of 25.72 hm2； There are 16 evaluation units suitable to restore the original land type， with an area of 30.95 hm2. There are 21 evaluation units suitable to exploring other directions of utilization， with an area of 53.54 hm2. 2） Based on the differences in the characteristics of the temporary land of the transportation project， this study proposes 3 types of temporary land use directions for transportation projects， such as retaining construction， idle redevelopment， and public facilities replenishment. Practices prove that the above study is in line with the practice of land improvement， rural revitalization and industrial land demand. In conclusion， the evaluation system of reclamation and utilization suitability of temporary land constructed for transportation projects is comprehensive and practical. This study can provide references for improving the efficiency of land saving and intensive utilization， alleviating the contradiction of rural land use and boosting the development of local rural revitalization.Keywords：transportation projects;temporary land;reclamation evaluation;utilization direction;coordinated development21|22|0<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-07
- Abstract：In order to explore the promoting effect of comprehensive land consolidation on the organic integration of cultural space and production-living-ecological space， based on methods such as literature analysis， comparative research and spatial analysis， this study constructs a research framework by taking the cultural space identification as prerequisite， relationship analysis as basis and optimization path as measures. Systematic analysis is then carried out. The results show that： 1） As a special space for the inheritance of culture resources， the cultural space encompasses the social spatial areas that bear historical and cultural monuments， as well as the rural spatial areas are composed of mountain ranges， river systems， and watershed boundaries. The typical attributes of cultural space include regional customs （basic attribute）， dynamic inheritance （fundamental attribute） and cultural nature （special attributes）. The main types include legal culture space， potential culture space and culture connection space. 2） The evolution of comprehensive land consolidation and cultural protection can be divided into 4 major stages including mutual independence， priority of land consolidation over cultural protection， parallel of land consolidation and cultural protection， integration of land consolidation and cultural protection. The comprehensive land consolidation in the new era has realized the transformation from single-factor governance to full-factor governance. It has transformed from only focusing on the development of production space to considering the coordinated development of cultural， productive， living， and ecological spaces. 3） The types of potential spatial conflicts between culture space and production-living-ecological space elements in the process of comprehensive land consolidation mainly cover 7 first-level categories and 38 second-level categories. In addition， the types of cultural elements vary significantly across different consolidation objects. 4） The theoretical framework of integrating cultural space and productive-living-ecological space is established based on the three dimensions of elements， space， and innovation. Specifically， this study expounds the measures for enhancing the integration of cultural space and productive-living-ecological space based on the three scales of micro （specific location）， meso （main relationship）， and macro （policy management）. In summary， this study can offer new insights for the in-depth exploration of comprehensive land consolidation.Keywords：comprehensive land consolidation;cultural space;production-living-ecological spaces;integration19|19|6<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-07
- Abstract：In order to clarify the mechanism of ecological cognition and market regulation on farmers’ adoption behavior of green production technology， based on a micro-survey data of 1 005 farming households in the main rice-producing areas of Hubei Province， this study used two-part model to empirically analyze the impact of ecological cognition and market regulation on farmers’ adoption behavior and adoption degree of green production technology. The results showed that： 1） Although the majority of the farmers have adopted green production technology， the degree of adoption still needs to be further improved. 2） Ecological cognition can significantly promote the adoption behavior and adoption degree of green production technology. 3） The incentive market regulation has a significant positive impact on farmers’ adoption behavior and adoption degree of green production technology， but the restrictive market regulation has no significant impact. 4）The incentive market regulation has a significant positive moderating effect on the relationship between farmers’ ecological cognition and green production technology adoption degree， while restraint market regulation has a significant positive moderating effect on the relationship between farmers’ ecological cognition and green production technology adoption behavior. Therefore， in the process of promoting the transformation and upgrading of agricultural production mode， we should not only improve farmers’ ecological cognition level， but also pay attention to the establishment and improvement of market regulation.Keywords：ecological cognition;incentive market regulation;restrictive market regulation;green production technology;two-part model20|32|16<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-07
- Abstract：In order to evaluate the promotion potential of the ‘rice-Azolla-fish’ model in Fujian Province， this study took the ‘rice-Azolla-fish’ model as the research object， and constructed the evaluation index system for the promotion potential of the ‘rice-Azolla-fish’ model in Fujian Province based on both natural and socio-economic factors by using literature analysis， theoretical analysis， Delphi method and boundary value method； Analytic hierarchy process and coefficient of variation were used to determine the combination weight of indicators， and the comprehensive scoring method was used to build the evaluation model of promotion potential. The results showed that： 1） The evaluation index system for the promotion potential of the ‘rice-Azolla-fish’ model included 2 first class indicators and 12 second class indicators. 2） The connotation of the evaluation index is clarified， and the methods for data collection and standardization of the index are established. 3） Based on the evaluation model of promotion potential， the promotion priority of ‘rice-Azolla-fish’ mode is divided into four levels （the highest promotion priority， the higher promotion priority， the lower promotion priority， and the unsuitable promotion） and the corresponding promotion strategies are formulated. In conclusion， the selection method of evaluation index and the method of determining weight coefficient are reasonable. The index system constructed in this study is comprehensive， which covers the six aspects affecting the promotion potential， namely water resources， climate instability， soil conditions， rice field resources， promotion convenience， and economic level. This study can provide scientific references for the promotion of ‘rice-Azolla-fish’ model in Fujian Province， based on local conditions.Keywords：‘rice-Azolla-fish’ model;promotion potential;evaluation index system;Delphi method， analytic hierarchy process16|21|1<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-07
- Abstract：In order to investigate the impact of agricultural agglomeration on agricultural non-point source pollution， based on the socio-economic and agricultural production data from 2000 to 2020， the agricultural agglomeration and agricultural non-point source pollution in the main producing areas of the Yangtze River basin as a whole and in each prefectural-level cities were measured and their spatial and temporal trends were analyzed. A panel threshold model was used to investigate the nonlinear impact effect of agricultural agglomeration on agricultural non-point source pollution. The results showed that： The overall trend of agricultural agglomeration in the upper， middle and lower basin was decreasing， which was lower basin>middle basin>upper basin in descending order； The upper basin and lower basin agricultural non-point source pollution did not undergo large fluctuations， but the middle basin showed an upward and then downward trend， which was middle basin>lower basin>upper basin in descending order. There was a positive single-threshold effect of agricultural agglomeration on agricultural non-point source pollution， and the value of the threshold effect of the lagged term of agricultural agglomeration has decreased.Subregionally， the upper basin and middle basin agricultural agglomeration exacerbated agricultural non-point source pollution emissions regardless of less than or greater than the threshold value. After crossing the threshold， the facilitating effect of the upper basin weakened and that of the middle basin increased， there was a shift from negative to positive in the threshold effect in the lower basin. In addition， the agricultural production conditions， the size of the agricultural population， and the structure of the livestock and poultry industry exacerbated the emission of agricultural non-point source pollution. However， the upgrading of the industrial structure and the increase in the intensity of environmental regulation reduced the emission of agricultural non-point source pollution. In order to promote the green and sustainable development of regional agriculture， it is recommended to further promote the application of modern agricultural green production technology， regulate the production and management behavior of livestock and poultry farmers， and build a synergistic governance system with the participation of the government， farmers， and social organizations.Keywords：agricultural agglomeration;agricultural non-point source pollution;evolution of time and space;threshold effect26|14|5<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-07
- Abstract：This study expands the classical model of the Free Trade Area（FTA） and designs the theoretical framework for analyzing the trade effects of agricultural products in the China-ASEAN Free Trade Area （CAFTA） from the perspectives of the great power trade model， tariff differences， and complementarity among trade products. The synthetic control method is utilized to evaluate the trade effects of agricultural products by taking China-ASEAN as a whole and for each member country of ASEAN during the period from 1995 to 2020. The results show that： Firstly， the implementation of CAFTA had a significant impact on the agricultural products between China and ASEAN. The growth of agricultural product trade between China and ASEAN mainly comes from the trade creation effect rather than trade diversion effects. Secondly， with the gradual reduction of bilateral tariffs， both the import and export effects of agricultural products between China and ASEAN have shown a trend of gradual expansion. Thirdly， CAFTA displayed a heterogeneous impact on the trade effects of agricultural products between different ASEAN countries and China. The greater the complementarity and openness is， the larger the trade creation effects in bilateral agricultural trade will be. Therefore， implementing a higher-level FTA strategy is beneficial for further expanding China's import and export channels for agricultural products and improving the economic welfare of society.Keywords：China-ASEAN Free Trade Agreement;agricultural trade effect;synthesis control method;trade creation effect;trade diversion effect17|19|1<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-07
- Abstract：In order to explore whether different modes of combination of planting and breeding can improve environmental technical efficiency of mutton sheep breeding， the environmental technical efficiency of mutton sheep breeding was measured based on Super-SBM model in this study. The influence of different combination modes of planting and breeding on the environmental technical efficiency of mutton sheep breeding and its influence path were monitored based on multiple treatment effect model （MTE model）. The results show that： 1） The combination of planting and breeding can improve the environmental technical efficiency of mutton sheep breeding. The internal cycle combination of planting and breeding mode has a stronger improvement effect on the environmental technical efficiency of mutton sheep breeding than the external cycle combination of planting and breeding mode； 2） The internal circulation model improves the environmental technical efficiency of mutton sheep breeding by improving the technical efficiency of breeding and reducing non-point source pollution and C emissions， while the external circulation model mainly improves the environmental technical efficiency of mutton sheep breeding by reducing non-point source pollution； 3） The internal circulation model is more conducive to improving the environmental technical efficiency of small-scale mutton sheep breeding， while the external circulation model only improves the environmental technical efficiency of large-scale mutton sheep breeding.Keywords：the combination of cultivation with breeding;sheep breeding;environmental technical efficiency;MTE model;non-point source pollution23|22|7<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-07
- Abstract：To explore the satisfaction and influencing factors of farmers with the mandatory immunization policy of ‘Vaccination followed by compensation’， taking the pig industry in Hebei Province， one of the pilot provinces of the ‘Vaccination followed by compensation’ policy for major animal diseases， as an example， based on 1 115 survey data of pig farmers， and using the Customer Satisfaction Index （CSI） model， a theoretical analysis framework for farmers’ satisfaction with mandatory immunization policies was constructed， using a multivariate and orderly logistic analysis The multivariate ordered Probit and Heckman models were used to conduct in-depth research on the influencing factors of farmers’ satisfaction evaluation with the mandatory immunization policy of ‘Vaccination followed by compensation’. The results indicate that： 1） The regulatory effect of the current mandatory immunization subsidy policy in China is greater than the incentive effect. 2） The satisfaction evaluation of mandatory immunization policies for farmers is influenced by multiple factors， and there are certain differences in the influencing factors of satisfaction evaluation of mandatory immunization policies for farmers of different scales. In view of this， it is necessary to improve the awareness level of farmers about the mandatory immunization policy of ‘Vaccination followed by compensation’， improve the regulatory and incentive mechanisms of the mandatory immunization policy， increase the degree of organization of farmers， and innovate the promotion methods of the ‘Vaccination followed by compensation’ policy.Keywords：compulsory immunity;policy of ‘Vaccination followed by compensation’;customer satisfaction model;pig industry;influence factor22|20|0<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-07
- Abstract：Under the background of internet power strategy， based on the survey data collected from 1 479 farmers in the agriculture-animal husbandry zone of Shaanxi and Gansu provinces， the Probit model and conditional mixed process estimation method （CMP） were used to explore the impact of internet usage on farmers’ involvement in ‘Food-fodder change’， the heterogeneity of the impact of internet use on farmers’ participation in ‘Food-fodder change’ under different farming scale and different human capital endowment conditions were also concerned. The results are as follows： Firstly， the use of internet can improve the possibility of farmers participating in ‘Food-fodder change’， that is， given other variables unchanged， the probability of farmers with Internet use behavior participating in ‘Food-fodder change’ is 38.82% of that of farmers without internet use behavior. This result is still robust after subsample test and core explanatory variable test. Secondly， the analysis of heterogeneity among farmer households reveals that the influence of internet usage on farmers’ engagement in ‘Food-fodder change’ varies depending on their farming scale and human capital endowment， that is， non-scale farmers and peasant households with limited human capital tend to be more inclined to participate in ‘Food-fodder change’ through internet utilization. Therefore， it is proposed to improve the supporting facilities of internet utilization in the agricultural and animal husbandry interlace area， improve the network level of farmers’ agricultural management， and implement differentiated internet support measures.Keywords：internet use;farmers’ participation in ‘Food-fodder change’;agro-pastoral ecotone;conditional mixed process;heterogeneity21|14|1<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-07
- Abstract：In order to promote the implementation of China's food recall system， solve the issues of declining consumer trust and purchase intention after the food safety crisis effectively， and ensure the sustainable development of enterprises， this study adopted a scenario simulation experiment method based on a survey questionnaire of 1 053 consumers nationwide to explore the effect of food recall strategies on trust and purchase intention. The role of trust violation types and consumer’ disposition to trust in the impact of food recall strategies on trust was explored， and the mediating effect of trust between food recall strategies and purchase intention was verified. The results showed that： 1） Food recall strategies have significant different effects on trust and purchase intention， with voluntary recall being the best， mandatory recall being the second， and no recall being the worst. Moreover， the voluntary and mandatory recall have a positive effect on trust repair， while no recall have no positive effect on trust repair. 2） The type of trust violation plays a moderating role between the impact of food recall strategies on trust. There is no significant difference in competence between the mandatory and voluntary recall if a company violates integrity. There is no significant difference in integrity between the mandatory recall and no recall if a company violates competence. 3） Disposition to trust plays a moderating role between the food recall strategies and trust. For consumers with high disposition to trust， the mandatory recall is significantly superior to no recall on competence， benevolence and integrity. For consumers with low disposition to trust， there is no significant difference between the mandatory recall and no recall on benevolence and integrity. 4） Trust plays a complete mediating role between food recall strategy and purchase intention. Therefore， enterprises should implement recalls actively in the event of a food safety crisis. Government departments should supervise the implementation of recalls by enterprises strictly if enterprises delay passively. Only in this way can consumers’ confidence in food enterprises and the consumption environment be enhanced and their trust and purchase be restored to the maximum extent.Keywords：food recall;trust;trust repair;purchase intention;consumer20|17|0<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-07
- Abstract：The strategy of ‘Storing grain in land and technology’ is the fundamental policy for China food security. In order to clarify the origin and connotation of the concept of ‘Storing grain in technology’， the theoretical logic and connotation evolution of the strategy was analyzed based on Marxism on science and technology， theory of technological innovation and relationship between institutional and technology innovation. The results show that： 1） The strategy of ‘Storing grain in technology’ is an important practice of the Communist Party of China for Marxism on science and technology， which has distinctive characteristic of mutual-beneficial relationship between institutional and technology innovation. 2） The connotation of ‘storing’ includes market and yield regulation， improving the grain market system and pricing mechanism， establishing an accurate， scientific and reasonable grain regulation system， and addressing sustainable issues such as food security， ecological security， food safety and farmers' income increasing. 3） The content of ‘technology’ is expanded to the integration and application of all elements， the entire industry chain， and multi-disciplinary technologies. Technical extension presents multi-agent interaction and feedback， and integrates with digital technology. To further clarify the future orientation and implementation path of the ‘Storing grain in technology’ strategy， this study proposes suggestions from four aspects as follows： Technology self-reliance， getting rid of path dependence， intensive development path and innovation system efficiency.Keywords：food security;storing grain in technology;technical progress;institutional innovation;Marxism on science and technology26|18|6<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-07
