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Inversion of soil salinization in western Jilin Province based on XGBoost and Geographically Weighted Regression AI Introduction
Abstract：In order to timely and accurately applying multi-source remote sensing data to extract soil salinization inversion characteristics in arid and semi-arid areas and obtain spatial distribution data of soil salinization degree. Taking Da'an City in western Jilin Province as the research area， Sentinel-1 SAR， Sentinel-2 MSI multi-source remote sensing data and DEM data were used to construct a soil salt content （SSC） inversion feature set. Combined with the BorutaShap algorithm to optimize features， the coupling Geographically Weighted Regression （GWR） with XGBoost regression was used to construct a soil salinization inversion model. The results were compared with XGBoost regression and GWR inversion results. The results show that： The SSC inversion features of this study are concentrated. Salinity index and vegetation index achieve high importance ranking in the BorutaShap algorithm and are important features of SSC inversion in Da’an City. In the soil salinization inversion model constructed， the R2 and RMSE of the GWR model are 0.48 and 4.83 g/kg， respectively， and the R2 and RMSE of the XGBoost regression model are 0.54 and 4.35 g/kg， respectively. The prediction accuracy of the soil salinization inversion model constructed by coupling GWR and XGBoost regression is significantly improved， with R2 and RMSE reaching 0.63 and 3.71 g/kg， respectively. According to the inversion results of this model， there is strong spatial heterogeneity in the distribution of various types of saline soil in Da’an City. The SSC shows a gradually decreasing trend from southeast to northwest， which is basically consistent with the field survey. In summary， the coupled GWR and XGBoost regression model constructed in this study fully considers the spatial heterogeneity and nonlinear relationship of the inversion characteristics， which effectively improves the SSC inversion accuracy. A more realistic SSC spatial distribution can be obtained. This model can be used for the inversion of soil salinity content in arid and semi-arid areas.Keywords：soil salinization;remote sensing inversion;geographically weighted regression;XGBoost;feature optimization;western part of Jilin Province51|32|7<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-08Color detection model of hybrid soybean hypocotyl based on an improved YOLOv7 object detection model AI Introduction
Abstract：In order to build a color detection model of hybrid soybean hypocotyl， soybean plants in natural growing environment were used as research objects. This study used a self-propelled soybean phenotyping information collection platform to obtain soybean plant image data in the farmland， and built hybrid soybean hypocotyl color dataset. Color dataset of hybrid soybean hypocotyl were detected with different object detection models （SSD， Faster R-CNN， YOLOv3， YOLOv4， YOLOv5， YOLOX and YOLOv7）. The model score （F1）， mean of average precision （mAP）， and detection speed were compared to evaluate the performance of different models in color detection of hybrid soybean hypocotyl. A color detection model of hybrid soybean hypocotyl， YOLOv7-CSW， was established by adding CARAFE feature up sampling operator， SE attention mechanism module and WIoU box loss function into the YOLOv7 network. The improved model was used to perform ablation tests on the hybrid soybean hypocotyl color dataset. The results showed that： 1） The F1 （0.92） and mAP （94.3%） of YOLOv7 model were significantly higher than those of other models； 2） The detection speed of YOLOv7 model was 58 fps， which was only lower than YOLOv5 and YOLOX， but the detection speed could meet the requirements for real-time detection tasks； 3） Compared with YOLOv7 model， the F1 and mAP of YOLOv7-CSW model were increased by 0.04 and 2.6% respectively； 4） The detection speed of YOLOv7-CSW model was 5 fps higher than YOLOv7 model， and it realized real-time detection of hybrid soybean hypocotyl color. To sum up， YOLOv7-CSW model could better obtain hypocotyl color features and accurately detect the object position， improved the object detection performance in complex farmland environments， and realized rapid and accurate detection of hypocotyl color of field hybrid soybean.Keywords：soybean;heterosis;hypocotyl color detection;YOLOv7 network;object detection74|33|2<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-08Effects of continuous corn seed production on the soil nitrogen distribution and incidence of root rot AI Introduction
Abstract：To explore the relationship between endophyte， soil nitrogen and the incidence of root rot， field experiment was conducted and high-throughout sequencing technology were adopted to investigate five different continuous cropping years fields （5， 10， 15， 20， 25 years）. The plots that seed corn were never been planted was taken as control （CK）. The endophytic bacteria and the content of different form of nitrogen in soil was also determined. Compared with CK， the content of soil total nitrogen decreased significantly to 0.72 g/kg and the contend of ammonium nitrogen increased to 72.97 mg/kg in 25 years continuous cropping plots. The content of nitrate nitrogen and hydrolyzed nitrogen increased first and then decreased. The content of acidolytic nitrogen， hydrolyzed nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen increased significantly， while ammonia nitrogen decreased significantly in the five different continuous cropping plots. With exception of continuous cropping of five years， the content of amino acid nitrogen increased significantly， while the content of total nitrogen， non-acidolytic nitrogen and amino sugar nitrogen decreased significantly （P＜0.05）. At the genus level， there were 13 dominant bacteria genera in the root of maize， among which Pseudomonas， Rhizobium， Sphingomonas， Pedobacter and Pantoea had the highest abundance. There were ten dominant fungi genera， among which Peniophora， Aspergillus， Schizophyllum and Phialemoniopsis had the highest abundance. The continuous cropping had no significant effect on the types of bacteria and fungi rhizobacteria， but the relative abundance was changed in different continuous cropping years. The incidence of root rot of seed corn increased significantly. The incidence of root rot was positively correlated with the contents of soil acidolytic nitrogen， amino acid nitrogen， hydrolyzed nitrogen， ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen （P＜0.01）， but negatively correlated with content of soil total nitrogen and non-acidolytic nitrogen （P＜0.01）. The incidence of root rot was positively correlated with the relative abundance of Fusarium and Aspergillus （P＜0.05）. In conclusion， the contents of soil available nitrogen， especially acidolytic nitrogen and non-acidolytic nitrogen were significantly correlated with the relative abundance of dominant pathogens and the incidence of root rot in corn seed production （P＜0.05）， which could be used to accurately predict the occurrence of root rot in maize production.Keywords：corn seed production;continuous cropping;soil nitrogen;root rot;acidolytic nitrogen44|33|3<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-08Changes of soil microbial communities during litter decomposition in alpine forests at different elevations AI Introduction
Abstract：In order to explore the changes of soil microbial community structure in the process of litter decomposition in alpine forest and reveal the effects of elevation on soil microbial community and litter decomposition， this study conducted a one-year litter burial experiment at an elevation gradient of 3 500—4 300 m in Mount Segrila， Tibet， and analyzed the changes of microbial community structure and the degradation rules of litter at different elevations. The response relationship between soil physicochemical properties， microbial community structure and litter decomposition was elucidated.The results showed that the composition of soil bacterial community was relatively stable at different elevations， and the abundance of dominant bacterial phyla was significantly affected by total nitrogen and carbon nitrogen ratio （P<0.05）. Soil moisture and carbon nitrogen ratio significantly affected the changes of dominant fungi （P<0.05）. The α-diversity indices of bacterial and fungal communities were significantly affected by elevation， litter degradation and their interactions （P<0.001）. The soil microbial community structure at high elevation （4 100 and 4 300 m） and low elevation （3 500， 3 700 and 3 900 m） was similar， but the complexity of bacterial and fungal symbiotic network at different elevations was significantly different. After one year of burial， the degradation rate of litters at different elevations ranged from 28.2% to 45.2%， and there was a significant negative correlation between carbon nitrogen ratio and degradation rate of litters （P<0.05）. In conclusion， the elevation， carbon nitrogen ratio and soil moisture all had direct or indirect effects on the succession of bacterial and fungal communities and the degradation rate of litters， and the fungal community contributed more to the degradation of litters than the bacterial community. This study can provide scientific basis for the changes of microbial community structure and litter degradation at different elevations in the alpine forest of Mount Segrila.Keywords：elevation;bacteria;fungi;litter;degradation rate35|29|9<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-08Research progress on coupling regularity between composite sampling numbers and spatial variations of soil heavy metals AI Introduction
Abstract：Determining the optimum sampling numbers and analyzing spatial variation characteristics of heavy metals in soil are the premise and foundation for the survey of heavy metals in soil. This study aims to assess the research of sampling numbers and spatial variation of heavy metals in soil. Based on extensive search of relevant literature published in recent years， the current situations of the coupling regularity among the sampling number （i.e. increments and composite samples）， errors （i.e. within-errors and between-errors）， and spatial variation for the survey of soil heavy metals are reviewed and future research issues are discussed in the this study. The results showed that： Previous researches were more focused on determining the numbers of composite samples by statistics under a normal distribution in the units with known variations. The methods under the log-normal distribution always overestimated or underestimated the optimum sampling numbers， and only estimated the number of composite samples. Based on different scenarios， such as different errors， normal or skewed distributions， known or unknown variations， it was not clear how to determine the optimum numbers of increments and composite samples. The trend inflection points of the relationship between increasing the number of increments and composite samples， and the decreasing of within-errors and between-errors were not clear. The coupling regularity among the number of increments， composite samples， and spatial variation of heavy metals in soil were not clear. It was concluded that exploring the aforementioned trend inflection point， and thus optimizing the relationship among increments， composite samples and overall sampling numbers of soil heavy metals were crucially important. Combined with the prediction models of spatial variation， establishing the coupled model of sampling numbers and spatial variation to reveal the coupling regularity of increments， composite samples and spatial variation could provide theoretical support to improving the data quality and making field sampling decisions of soil heavy metal.Keywords：soil heavy metals;spatial variation;sampling numbers;coupling regularity;model37|16|1<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-08Effect of increasing the percentage of green light on morphology, photosynthetic traits and carbohydrates of cucumber seedlings AI Introduction
Abstract：The aims of this study were to investigate the effects of different green light ratios on the morphology， photosynthetic traits and carbohydrates of cucumber seedlings and select the optimal green light ratio for the growth of cucumber seedlings. Based on the fixed red and blue light ratio of 4∶1 and total light intensity of 200 μmol/（m2·s）， the green light ratios were set to 10% （G10%）， 20% （G20%） and 30% （G30%）， and the intensities were 60， 40 and 20 μmol/（m2·s） to study the changes of growth and physiological indexes of cucumber seedlings under different green light ratios. The results showed that： Increasing the proportion of green light iwithin the appropriate range promoted the fresh weight and dry weight of cucumber seedlings， and the fresh weight of G30% treatment were increased by 29.65% and 29.26% compared with those in G20% and G10% treatments， respectively. Increasing the percentage of green light decreased the stomatal pore area but increased the leaf stomatal density. The pore area of G30% and G20% treatments significantly decreased by 13.17% and 23.05% compared to those in G10% treatment， but the stomatal densities of G30% and G20% treatments increased by 20.22% and 14.66% compared to G10%. Increasing the green light percentage increased its leaf tissue grid-to-sea ratio （P/S）， and the P/S values of G30% treatment were significantly higher than those of G20% and G10% treatments by 23.21% and 26.97%， respectively. Increasing the green light ratio also promoted the photosynthetic potential of plants， and the net photosynthetic rate of G30% treatment was significantly higher than that of G10% by 77.37% under the measured light intensity of 1 000 μmol/（m2·s） measured light source. This study provides a basis and reference for plant plant nursery and supplemental light in facilities.Keywords：green light percentage;cucumber seedlings;seedling morphology;photosynthetic traits;carbohydrates25|26|2<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-08Effects of adding different intensities of far-red light on the growth and photosynthesis of cucumber seedlings AI Introduction
Abstract：In order to investigate the effects of far-red light intensity on the morphology， photosynthetic traits and carbohydrates of cucumber seedlings， and to clarify the effects of different red light （R）/far-red light （FR） ratios on the photosynthesis-related indexes and parameters of cucumber， cucumbervariety 'Xinjin You No.1' was taken as the study material. On the basis of fixing the red-blues light intensity and the photosynthetically active radiation， three different kinds of fixed red and blue light intensity and photosynthetically active radiation， three different kinds of far-red light were added to make the ratio of red light：far-red light of each treatment 10 （L-FR）， 1.2 （M-FR） and 0.8 （L-FR）， respectively， aiming to compare the effects of the different treatments on the growth and photosynthesis of cucumber seedlings. The results showed that： Increasing far-red light intensity had a significant effect on the morphological indexes of cucumber seedlings， and the fresh weight of M-FR， and H-FR groups increased significantly by 60.04% and 56.60%， respectively， compared with that of L-FR group； The plant height of H-FR and M-FR groups increased by 246.43% and 200.63%， respectively， compared with that of L-FR. With the increase of far-red light intensity， the stomatal density of the three treatment groups also increased significantly， and the relative expression of key genes of stomatal development （MUTE， EPF1） differed significantly， while their transpiration rate （E）， inter-cellular CO2 concentration （Ci） and stomatal conductance （Gsw） increased； The epidermis of the leaf blade， the fenestrated tissues， spongy tissues， and the thickness of the leaf blade showed a decreasing trend.The total nitrogen content and carbon to nitrogen ratio of cucumber seedlings in all treatments showed a significant decreasing trend with the increase of far-red light intensity； the carbohydrate content of cucumber under L-FR treatment was lower than that of H-FR treatment. In conclusion， the far-red light intensity under M-FR treatment is suitable to be used as a supplemental intensity of far-red light in factory nursery production.Keywords：far-red light;cucumber seedlings;morphology;photosynthesis;carbohydrate42|31|5<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-08Suitable model and evaluation of nitrogen fertilizer replacement by greenhouse tomato digestate based on nutrient balance principle AI Introduction
Abstract：In order to explore the suitable mode of replacing nitrogen fertilizer with biogas slurry， tomato was used as the test material. According to the principle of crop nutrient balance， the nitrogen application rate of tomato planted in the experiment was 374.8 kg/hm2， and the appropriate model test and evaluation analysis of biogas slurry to replace nitrogen fertilizer were carried out based on this nitrogen application rate. The experiment included 6 treatments， which were pure biogas slurry treatment （CF1）， pure nitrogen fertilizer treatment （CF2）， biogas slurry instead of nitrogen fertilizer 50% （T1）， 35% （T2）， 25% （T3）， and 15% （T4） treatment， respectively. To analyze the effect of biogas slurry replacing nitrogen fertilizer on tomato agronomic traits， yield and quality. And carry out Logistic curve analysis on its agronomic traits growth potential and maximum growth rate. Tomato soluble sugar， titratable acid， soluble solids， vitamin C， nitrate and water content were further selected as evaluation indicators. This study adopted the TOPSIS method， gray relational analysis method， symmetrical cross entropy multi-attribute ranking method and VIKOR method to evaluate multi-attribute decision-making， and then used the mean value method， fuzzy Borda method and Copeland method to evaluate the four single evaluation results. Based on above analysis， a comprehensive benefit evaluation system for tomato quality was constructed. The results showed that： The T3 treatment had the highest growth rate and optimal agronomic traits of tomato， the growth potential and maximum growth rate of the Logistic curve in descending order is T3>T4>T2>T1， while the T2 treatment had the highest yield （4.72 kg/plant） and T3 is in the second highest （4.55 kg/plant）； With the increase of the proportion of nitrogen fertilizer replaced by biogas slurry， the content of soluble sugar and soluble solids showed an increasing trend， the content of nitrate showed a downward trend， titratable acid， vitamin C and fruit water content showed a downward parabolic trend， and T2 treatment is the maximum value of parabola； There were differences in the results obtained by the four single evaluation methods， and the results of the three combination evaluation methods all yielded the highest combination evaluation scores for the T2 treatment （35% nitrogen fertilizer replaced by biogas）. Despite the optimum performance of agronomic traits （plant height， stem thickness and cumulative mass of dry matter） and maximum growth rate of tomato in T3 treatment （25% replacement of nitrogen fertilizer by biogas）. However， T2 treatment （replacement of 35% nitrogen fertilizer by biogas） resulted in the optimum tomato yield， quality and evaluation results.Keywords：tomato;biogas slurry;nitrogen fertilizer;nutrient balance;quality;combination evaluation29|18|7<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-08- Abstract：To comprehensively and accurately evaluate the quality of pepper seedlings， the K-means clustering method and comprehensive evaluation method were used to study the 50 day old pepper seedlings of two caltivars， ‘Early Mature Red Line Pepper’ and ‘Jia chang No.6’. The results indicated that： The comprehensive evaluate index of both ‘Early Mature Red Line Pepper’ and ‘Jia chang No. 6’ ranges from 0.333 to 0.996； The principal component analysis divided 11 indicators employed in this study into 2 types of principal components， with a cumulative contribution rate of 75.8%. Correlation analysis was conducted between the comprehensive evaluation index and the strong seedling index， and four models with high correlation were selected for the seedling index， which were ‘Dry weight of underground part×Scattered lump rate×Dry weight of whole plant’， ‘Fresh weight of underground part×Scattered lump rate×Dry weight of whole plant’， ‘Fresh weight of whole plant×Scattered lump rate×Dry weight of whole plant’， ‘SPAD×Scattered lump rate×Dry weight of whole plant’， and the correlations were 0.673， 0.690， 0.657 and 0.701， respectively. In conclusion， the optimal seedling strength index model is “Fresh weight of underground part×Scattered lump rate×Dry weight of whole plant”. Based on the selected robust seedling index model， it was concluded that： The comprehensive evaluation index≥0.813 and the strong seedling index≥1.255 belongs to high-quality seedlings （Grade Ⅰ）； The comprehensive evaluation index range is 0.507-0.813， and the strong seedling index range is 0.102-0.682， which belongs to qualified seedlings （Grade II）； The comprehensive evaluation index≤0.507 and the strong seedling index≤0.102 belongs to weak seedlings （Grade Ⅲ）. In a word， this study provides a high-quality seedling evaluation system and a basis for seedling grading for industrial seedling and mechanized operations of fruity vegetables or other vegetables.Keywords：pepper seedling;scattered lump rate;seedling index;principal component analysis36|30|0<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-08
Effects of heat preservation measure on indoor temperature for Chinese solar greenhouse with an attached tunnel AI Introduction
Abstract：To investigate the effects of the heat preservation measures adopted on the indoor air temperature of Chinese solar greenhouse （CSG） in this study， three testing cases， attaching a tunnel to CSG， covering the attached tunnel with an insulation blanket and strengthening insulation on the CSG wall with its south roof covered with a thermal blanket， were conducted for one testing CSG and one reference CSG. This study focuses on the comparison of morning and night temperatures. The results showed that： Under low outside air temperature， the average air temperature difference between the CSG with an attached tunnel and the reference CSG in the morning and night is generally within 0.5 ℃； When the external temperature is high， it is usually 1.0~4.0 ℃. The results also indicate that the indoor air temperature increment is not obvious for a CSG with a layer of blanket covering the attached tunnel than that in the reference CSG， with the maximum temperature difference of 1.0 ℃ presented in the morning and night in January. Compared with a reference CSG with the same attached tunnel， a CSG with strengthening insulation on the wall and thermal blanket has an average maximum difference of 4.2 ℃ in the morning and at night in January with the low external temperature； The average maximum difference is 6.5 ℃ in February with high external temperature. The findings in this study provide references for the design， construction， selection of insulation measures and CSG ventilation management.Keywords：Chinese solar greenhouse （CSG）;temperature;plastic tunnel;wall;thermal blanket;heat transfer30|24|0<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-08Current status and hot spots of insect sex determining gene researches based on CiteSpace analysis AI Introduction
Abstract：In order to clarify the development history， research hotspots and trends of insect sex determining gene researches at home and abroad， and provide reference and suggestions for future research directions， the papers on insect sex determining genes included in China National Knowledge Infrastructure （CNKI） and Web of Science （WOS） databases from 1933—2022 were sorted out and screened. Bibliometrics analysis software CiteSpace was used to conduct visual analysis on the date of publication， keywords， authors and institutions. The results showed that： The number of publications on insect sex determining genes showed an upward trend from 2001 to 2005， with the United States having the highest number of publications （446）， followed by China （111） and Japan （88）； The most frequently published journals at home and abroad were Acta Entomologica Sinica （9） and Genetics （94）； Keyword co-occurrence and cluster analysis showed that insect sex determination was a hot issue of widespread concern at home and abroad， and the research directions at home and abroad were generally the same. The research focuses are on model organism. In conclusion， the use of insect sex determining genes for pest control is identified as a new trend in future research through keyword co-occurrence and word analysis.Keywords：CiteSpace;insect;sex-determining genes;bibliometrics37|17|3<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-08Differential expression of circRNAs in resistant and sensitive strains of Haemonchus contortus AI Introduction
Abstract：The study was to investigate the role of differentially expressed circRNAs in the regulation of drug resistance between ivermectin sensitive and resistant strains of Haemonchus contortus. In this study， sensitive and resistant strains of H.contortus were taken as research objects. Illumina Hiseq 2 000 platform was used for high-throughput sequencing and cDNA library construction， and relevant bioinformatics software was used to analyze the difference of circRNAs. Simultaneously， GO and KEGG pathway functions of the source genes were enriched. TargetScan and Miranda software were used to predict the miRNAs targeted by key circRNAs， and the role of circRNAs-miRNAs was explored. Subsequently， 5 circRNAs with significant differences were randomly selected for RT-qPCR detection and consistency assessment with transcriptome sequencing result.The results showed that： 1）A total of 677 differentially expressed circRNAs were screened between sensitive and resistant strains， of which 47 were significantly different， 23 were significantly up-regulated， and 24 were significantly down-regulated. 2） GO enrichment analysis of all differentially derived circRNAs showed that 336 biological processes， 59 cell components and 110 molecular functions were enriched， which were mainly related to metabolic processes， cell membrane structure and catalytic activity. KEGG enrichment showed that 257 pathways were mainly enriched， most of which were related to metabolism （fatty acid biosynthesis， glycerophospholipid metabolism and propionate metabolism）， glucagon signaling pathway and AMPK signaling pathway. 3） circRNAs-miRNAs regulatory network analysis showed that 627 circRNAs target bound 187 miRNAs， forming 10 602 regulatory relationships. In conclusion， this study successfully screened the differentially expressed circRNAs between ivermectin sensitive and resistant strains of H.contortus， functionally annotated and enriched the source genes of the all differentially expressed circRNAs， and constructed some significant differentially expressed circRNAs-miRNAs regulatory networks. The results of this study provids a new way to study the molecular mechanism of drug resistance in H.contortus.Keywords：Haemonchus contortus;Ivermectin;drug resistance;transcriptome;circRNAs;difference analysis23|21|0<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-08Isolation, identification and complete genomic analysis of a bacteriophage capable of lysing colistin-resistant Escherichia coli AI Introduction
Abstract：To study bacteriophage （phage） therapy for colistin-resistant Escherichia coli （E. coli）， phage SDYTW1-F1-2-2 was isolated and purified by double AGAR plate method using colistin-resistant E. coli as host bacteria from sewage samples collected from a chicken farm in Yantai， Shandong Province. The biological characteristics of the bacteriophage were analyzed by transmission electron microscopy， optimum infection complex number， one-step growth curve， temperature stability and pH stability， and the whole genome was sequenced. The results showed as follows： 1） The plaque of bacteriophage SDYTW1-F1-2-2 was transparent， halo free and had a flexible tail sheath. 2） The analysis of biological characteristics showed the optimal number of phage infection was 0.1， the incubation period was 50 min， the outbreak period was 40 min， and the amount of outbreak was （331±9） PFU/cell. The phage activity was stable when the temperature was 4-40 ℃ and the pH was 4-12） The total length of the bacteriophage genome was 7 4752 bp， with double strands of DNA， GC content of 42.1%. A total 121 sequence coding for amino acids in protein （CDS） were identified in the genome of phage， including functional genes associated with structure composition， nucleotide metabolism and replication， packaging and bacterial lysis， a tRNA genome were discovered and no genes associated with pathogenicity genes such as stx-1 and drug resistant genes such as mcr-1 were identified. In summary， phage SDYTW1-F1-2-2 has a wide cleavage spectrum， strong acid and base tolerance， thermal stability and safety. This study provides a basis for further research on phage therapy of colistin resistant E. coli.Keywords：lytic bacteriophage;colistin-resistance E.coli;genomewide24|16|1<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-08Analysis of dynamic changes in energy metabolism during chondrogenic differentiation of porcine bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells AI Introduction
Abstract：In order to explore the dynamic changes in energy metabolism during the chondrogenic differentiation of porcine bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells （PBMSCs） and its relationship with cartilage formation， PBMSCs were isolated and identified， and porcine chondrocytes were obtained though an induction differentiation culture system . Analyses of the expression patterns of cartilage marker genes and energy metabolism-related genes were performed， as well as measurements of energy metabolites content， in PBMSCs induced to differentiate into chondrocytes for 1， 6， 12， and 18 days. Pearson correlation analyses between cartilage marker genes and energy metabolism products were conducted. The results showed that： 1） During the chondrogenic differentiation of PBMSCs， the expression levels of cartilage marker genes， including COL2A1， SOX9， ACAN， MMP13， and RUNX2， were significantly increased （P<0.05）. The expression levels of the glycolytic rate-limiting enzyme genes HK1， PKLR， and the lactate transporter key gene SLC16A1 were significantly upregulated （P<0.05）， while the expression level of the glucose transport critical gene， SLC2A4， was significantly reduced （P<0.05）. 2） With the increase of chondrogenic differentiation time， intracellular levels of ATP and glucose were significantly decreased （P<0.05）， while the intracellular ratio of lactate to glucose was significantly increased （P<0.05）. 3） The correlation analysis of key chondrogenic genes and energy metabolic products suggested a significant association between the chondrogenesis process of PBMSCs and glycolytic metabolism （P<0.05）. In summary， this study successfully developed a method of inducing PBMSCs into chondrocyte， and revealed oxidative phosphorylation levels gradually decreased， and glycolytic metabolism gradually increased during the PBMSC-induced chondrogenic differentiation process. These findings provide a new perspective for further analysis of pig body length development.Keywords：pig;bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells;cell differentiation;chondrocyte;energy metabolism24|14|1<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-08- Abstract：In order to identify the key target genes of miR-184-3p affecting adipogenesis， the online databases were used to predict the miR-184-3p target genes and perform enrichment analysis of the target genes. Protein-protein interaction （PPI） networks were constructed to find the meaningful modules in the network diagram. Subsequently， the expression of target genes in adipose was analyzed， and then the key target genes were screened based on the mechanism of negative correlation between microRNA and target genes. Finally， the screening results were evaluated by RNA22 v2. The results showed that： 1） A total of 225 target genes were obtained. 2） GO enrichment analysis showed that target genes were involved in negative regulatory processes in cellular and macromolecular biosynthesis processes； The KEGG enrichment results contained three significant pathways， Notch signaling pathway， animal mitochondrial autophagy， and endocytosis. 3） A total of 4 core genes were screened in the PPI network. 4） Analysis of expression profiles screened a total of 4 genes. DVL3 （Dishevelled segment polarity protein 3）， HOXA9 （homeobox A9）， LIFR （LIF receptor subunit alpha）， and SPECC1L （Sperm antigen with calponin homology and coiled-coil domains 1 like）； while the RNA22 v2 evaluation showed that only LIFR had binding sites at P<0.05. Taken together， the miR-184-3p was likely to affect duck adipogenesis by targeting DVL3， HOXA9， LIFR， and SPECC1L， with LIFR being particularly important. This study will provide a theoretical basis and data support for further study of duck miR-184-3p.Keywords：duck;miR-184-3p;adipogenesis;bioinformatics20|17|0<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-08
Carbon emission measurement and prediction of land use in Quzhou County based on carbon neutrality target AI Introduction
Abstract：In the context of global warming， China has actively committed to and carried out actions to control greenhouse gas emissions with a view to achieving carbon peaks by 2030 and achieving carbon neutrality by 2060. In order to clarify the mechanism of land use carbon emissions and reasonably predict carbon emissions， Quzhou County was taken as the research area， and the carbon emission accounting system was constructed by using emission coefficient method， sample plot inventory method， IPAT model and least square method to measure the carbon emissions of land use in Quzhou County from 2009 to 2019， and to predict the carbon emissions in 2030 under 81 scenario combinations. The results show that： 1） The total land use carbon emissions of Quzhou County from 2009 to 2019 showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing. Cultivated land and construction land are two major sources of carbon emissions； 2） The prediction is first set based on per capita GDP， and further 81 scenario combinations are set based on population， energy intensity， and industrial structure： it can be obtained that when GDP is in high-speed development， the simulated value range of total carbon emissions in Quzhou County in the future is 0.50—2.21 million tons； when GDP is in inertial development， the upward trend group interval is 0.51—1.19 million tons， the minimum value is 0.45 million tons， and the minimum value of the downward trend group is 0.29 million tons ； when GDP is developing at a low speed， the two groups of minimum values that show a downward trend are 0.21 million tons and 0.12 million tons respectively， and the other group is predicted to be 0.35—0.50 million tons in 2030. It is concluded that land use change will directly or indirectly affect carbon emissions， and finding out the carbon attributes of land can provide a starting point for predicting carbon emissions and optimizing land use structure. In summary， Quzhou County can achieve low-carbon green development while developing the economy through population optimization， adjustment of energy structure， and optimization of industrial structure.Keywords：carbon emissions;land use;IPAT model;carbon emission prediction27|19|6<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-08Impact of livestock products import on carbon emissions from livestock industry and its spatial effect AI Introduction
Abstract：To explore the impact of livestock product imports on carbon emissions in China’s livestock industry， based on the panel data of 31 provinces in the country from 2005 to 2020（The data do not include those of Hong Kong Macao and Taiwan regions. The same below.）， the two-way fixed effect model and the spatial Dubin model were used to empirically test the impact of livestock product imports on carbon emissions from livestock industry in China and investigate its spatial spillover effect. The results show that： The import of livestock products has significantly inhibited the carbon emissions of livestock industry in China， and the conclusion is still valid after multiple robustness tests. Compared with the western region and frontier pastoral areas， the negative impact of livestock products import on carbon emissions from livestock industry in the eastern coastal zone， the central region and non-frontier pastoral areas of China is more significant， and the carbon emission reduction effect of livestock product import has the heterogeneity of livestock and poultry species. The impact of import of livestock products on carbon emissions from livestock industry in China has a spatial spillover effect. The import of livestock products in a province will not only inhibit carbon emissions from local livestock industry， but also restrict carbon emissions from livestock industry in adjacent regions and regions with similar economic and geographical conditions.Keywords：import of livestock products;carbon emissions from livestock industry;space spillover;livestock industry;green development21|16|5<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-08Effect of combination of planting and breeding on the emission reduction and efficiency of mutton sheep breeding AI Introduction
Abstract：Aiming at whether the combined production mode of planting and breeding can effectively promote the emission reduction and efficiency of mutton sheep breeding， the Super-SBM model and treatment effect model are used to study the impact and influencing mechanism of planting and breeding combination on environmental technical efficiency of mutton sheep breeding. The results show that： On one hand， compared with non-combination of planting and breeding， the combination of planting and breeding can improve environmental technical efficiency of mutton sheep breeding. Compared with non-combination of planting and breeding mode， the higher degree of combination of planting and breeding mode is more effective in improving the environmental technical efficiency of mutton sheep breeding. On the other hand， the combination of planting and breeding can improve the environmental technical efficiency of mutton sheep breeding by reducing forage input， increasing live weight of mutton sheep and reducing carbon emissions. In conclusion， some policy suggestions， such as strengthening research and promotion of combination of planting and breeding technology， establishing the green oriented mechanism of aquaculture regulations and policies， and improving the level of regional cultivation， are put forward in this study.Keywords：combination of planting and breeding;environmental technical efficiency;treatment effect model;non-point source pollution;carbon emission21|13|4<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-08Public participation intention in food safety risk governance: Influencing mechanism and improvement strategy AI Introduction
Abstract：In order to enhance public participation intention in food safety risk governance， an analytical framework was constructed based on the extended theory of planned behavior and theory of attitude-context-behavior. An empirical study was conducted using structural equation modeling， bootstrap mediation effect testing， hierarchical regression methods， and micro data to examine the influencing mechanism of public participation intention in food safety risk governance. The results indicate that： There are significant positive relationships between attitude， subjective norm， behavior control， perceived risk， past experience， and governance intention. Perceived risk and past experience mediate the relationship between attitude and governance intention. Policy regulation moderates the relationship between attitude and governance intention. Therefore， enhancing public awareness of food safety risks， optimizing public participation experiences in food safety governance， improving attitudes towards public participation in food safety governance and creating a policy environment that promotes public participation are necessary to promote social co-governance of food safety risks.Keywords：food safety risk;public participation;social co-governance;mediation effect;structural equation model19|15|0<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-08- Abstract：To investigate the impact of school feeding programs on human capital accumulation， this study employs literature review method to systematically review the international research progress regarding school feeding programs. This study clarifies the concepts and theoretical foundations of school feeding programs and focuses on analyzing their short-term effects， long-term effects， and spillover effects on human capital accumulation. The program design and international experiences of school feeding were further explored， the achievements and shortcomings of school feeding programs in China are analyzed， and corresponding improvement suggestions are proposed. The results suggest that school feeding programs have an important impact on human capital accumulation. China needs to further establish project supervision and incentive mechanisms， combine with other poverty alleviation policies， and exploit the synergy of nutrition and health education for improving human capital improvement and rural revitalization promotion. This study will help to deepen the understanding of school feeding programs and provide references for the effective implementation of nutrition intervention programs， promotion of children’s human capital accumulation， and reduction of intergenerational poverty transfer in China.Keywords：nutrition interventions;human capital;school feeding programs;health poverty alleviation14|12|0<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-08
Impact of social networks and willingness to settle on the psychological integration of migrant workers in urban areas AI Introduction
Abstract：Based on a survey data of 3 167 migrant workers， the ordered logistic model econometric analysis method was used to explore the effects of migrant workers’ social network and willingness to settle on their urban psychological integration， such as urban identity and identity. The results show that： Primary social network， secondary social network and social network strength are all significantly and positively related to the level of urban identity and identity， and urban identity has an indirect effect on identity； workers’ willingness to settle significantly and positively affects the level of urban psychological integration， while there is an interaction effect between willingness to settle and social network. In the mode of living alone and semi-migration， primary social network， secondary social network and social network strength all significantly and positively affect the level of identity and urban identity； For migrant workers who migrate with their whole family， social network strength does not significantly affect the level of identity and urban identity， indicating that migrant workers’ social relations are partially substituted by migrating with their whole family.Keywords：migrant workers;urban psychological integration;migration mode;willingness to settle;ordered Logistic model14|14|0<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-08- Abstract：In order to understand the status quo of scientific and technological innovation development of seed industry enterprises， based on the coefficient of variation method， scientific and technological innovation development index， obstacle degree model and panel Quantile regression model， the level of scientific and technological innovation development of seed industry enterprises and its influencing factors were studied. The results showed that： 1） The scientific and technological innovation development index of seed industry enterprises showed an obvious upward trend in the research period； 2） The degree of obstacles to the innovation environment and innovation input indicators showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing， while the degree of obstacles to innovation output showed a significant growth trend. The degree of obstacles to the development of scientific and technological innovation in seed industry enterprises by innovation performance displayed a fluctuating downward trend； 3） The impact of agricultural R&D investment， market concentration， and supply chain concentration on the technological innovation development ability of seed industry enterprises at various quantiles was positively significant， but the trend of the regression coefficients of the three major factors was different. Based on the research findings， three countermeasures and suggestions are proposed to better enhance the level of technological innovation and development in the seed industry.Keywords：seed industry enterprises;scientific and technological innovation;panel quantile regression;promotion countermeasures22|15|1<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-08
- Abstract：To clarify the influence mechanism of non-farm employment quality on the stability of land transfer from mountainous areas， an empirical research was conducted based on data from a survey of 480 farming households in 4 counties of Zhejiang Province in 2021， using OLS， Heckman two-stage and 2SLS models， as well as a Probit model to test the mechanism of action and support it with case studies. The results indicate that： 1） Improvements in the quality of non-farm employment provide incentives for mountain farmers to increase the stability of land transfer out. 2） The quality of non-farm employment significantly affects the stability of land transfer for the older generation of farmers and “outside system” farmers， but not for the new generation of farmers and “inside system” farmers. The quality of non-farm employment does not differ in terms of distance from employment； 3） The mechanisms by which the quality of non-farm employment affects the stability of land transfer lie in strengthening farmers’ willingness to integrate into cities， weakening their preference for land rent and weakening the social security function of land. Relevant policies are needed to aim the improvement of the quality of non-farm employment of mountain farmers， the stability of non-farm employment， income and security systems.Keywords：non-farm employment;quality of employment;land transfer;stability of property right;influence mechanisms;rural households;mountainous areas17|14|3<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-08
- Abstract：In order to investigate the influence mechanism and effects of capital endowment and perceived value on households’ willingness to accept compensation for straw collection， based on Bourdieu’s social practice theory， a theoretical analysis framework was constructed in this study. Based on the survey data of 684 households in key straw comprehensive utilization counties in Huanggang City， Hubei Province， the relationship between capital endowment， perceived value and households’ willingness to accept compensation for straw collection empirically analyzed by using the binary Logit and Ordinary Least Squares （OLS） measurement methods. The results show that： 1） The households who are willing to participate in the eco-compensation account for 90.35% of all the samples， and the average minimum compensation standard is 791.45 yuan/hm2. 2） Capital endowment has a significant and positive impact on the willingness to participate in compensation and has a significant and negative impact on the amount of compensation. 3） Perceived value has a significant and positive impact on the willingness to participate in compensation and the amount of compensation. 4） Perceived value produces a mediation effect on the impact of capital endowment on the willingness to participate in compensation， the mediation effect is 0.289. However， perceived value produces a suppressing effect on the impact of capital endowment on the amount of compensation， the suppressing effect is 0.225. In order to encourage households to collect straw， it is necessary to develop eco-compensation for straw collection and promote it in layers and stages， enhance the capital endowment of households in multiple channels and improve households’ perceived value.Keywords：capital endowment;perceived value;straw collection;eco-compensation;the willingness to accept compensation16|16|3<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-05-08
