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- Abstract：MYB transcription factors,as one of the largest gene families in plants,play an important role in multiple biological processes.According to the coding sequence of GhMYB25 gene,a pair of primers were designed.The homologous sequence of GhMYB25 gene,designated GbMYB25,was cloned from cotton (Gossypium barbadense L.) cultivar Xinhai21 using reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) methods.GbMYB25 gene contained an open reading frame (ORF) of 930 bp in length encoding 309 amino acids residues with a predicted molecular mass of 34.762 ku and a basic isoelectric point of 8.08,with two highly conserved SANT domains in the encoded putative protein.Genomic DNA sequence analysis showed that GbMYB25 contained 2 introns.Amino acid sequence alignment revealed that N-terminal of GbMYB25 shared high degree of identity with other higher plant MYB proteins.The phylogenetic tree showed that GbMYB25 was located at the same branch with GhMYB25.Subcellular localization showed that GbMYB25 expressed possibly in cell nucleus.The experiment results of real time PCR exhibited that GbMYB25 had a higher expression level in ovule (0 doa),fiber (5 dpa) and leaf.Above results suggested that GbMYB25 transcription factor might be involved in cotton fiber development.1|9|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：High temperature stress is one of the most important abiotic stress factors that affect the crop yield and quality.Heat shock response is mainly regulated by heat shock transcription factor (Hsf).Softwares and online tools were used to analyze the Hsf gene structures,protein function domains,chromosomal locations,phylogenetic relationships and cis-elements.Twenty-four Hsf genes were systematically identified,classified into 13 subclasses according to their phylogenetic relationships and located on 5 chromosomes.Each of the Hsf genes contained introns and each contained cis-elements in their promoter regions which might participate in drought,low temperature,high temperature,high light and ABA stress responses.Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to analyze the expressions of the Hsf genes under high temperature stress and most of the Hsf genes showed up-regulated.In this work,identification,chromosomal location,classification,genetic structure,protein structure and expression analysis of Brachypodium distachyon Hsf genes under high temperature condition would provide the theory basis for the further research on the functions of Hsf genes.Keywords：Brachypodium distachyon;Hsf;genome-wide identification;high temperature;express pattern2|9|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Arabinoxylan (AX) is the major hemicellulose in cell wall of monocot plants,and plays an important role in cell wall biosynthesis with potential dietary and biomass applications.Glycosyltransferase 61 (GT61) protein family has been reported to involve in AX side chain elongation in grasses.Based on bioinformatics analysis and expression profiling,the gene structures and expression patterns of OsGT61 family members were observed in this study.As a result,a total of 25 OsGT61 genes were divided into 3 subclasses.Subclass A,B and C contain 19,3 and 3 genes,respectively.The numbers of exons in GT61 family varied from 1 to 7,and the encoded proteins had molecular weights between 49.1 and 73.8 ku,with the pI ranging from 5.4 to 10.4.In particular,the C-terminal motif was conserved in these proteins of OsGT61 family.Furthermore,the Ser/thr phosphorylation sites were respectively located on the 9-29 residues and 3-13 residues,and the maximum Tyr phosphorylation sites were seven.The OsGT61 family had less glycosylation sites,e.g.,16 members had O-glycosylation sites from 1 to 4,and only 3 members contained 1 or 2 N-glycosylation sites.Phylogenetic analysis showed that OsGT61 family displayed distinct expression patterns in different stages,and 10 representative genes expression levels were verified by RT-PCR.Hence,these data indicated that OsGT61 family may play different roles in the hemicelluloses biosynthesis in rice and beyond.Keywords：rice;hemicellulose;OsGT61 gene family;structural feature;gene expression3|8|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：In this paper the primers were designed according to the PIN3 gene cDNA of Arabidopsis.Homologous gene of PIN3 in Capsella bursa-pastoris was cloned by RT-PCR(Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction).A 1 488 bp upstream fragment of PIN3 gene was also cloned from Capsella bursa-pastoris genome by chromosome walking method.Sequence analysis showed that the cDNA was 1 950 bp in length and encoded a putative protein of 649 amino acids.PIN3 cDNA in Arabidopsis and Capsella bursa-patoris had 91% homology and their putative protein homologous was higher than 90%.The promoter of PIN3 gene of Capsella bursa-patoris shared 82% homology with its counterpart in Arabidopsis.The PIN3 gene promoter in Capsella bursa-passtoris had the TATA-BOX and CAAT-BOX which was Eukaryotes typical elements and some other regulatory elements like light responsive element,cis-acting regulatory element involved in the salicylic acid responsiveness,cis-acting regulatory element involved in anaerobic induction,cis-acting regulatory element involved in high level expression of endosperm that were found in the Arabidopsis.But there were some different light responsive elements and a few cis-acting regulatory elements involved in abiotic stress response specifically contained in the Capsella bursa-patoris promoter.The difference elements may lead to a different auxin transportation model in the carpel and build a different carpel morphology.Keywords：Capsella bursa-pastoris;PIN3;gene;PIN;3 promoter;cloning;sequence analysis1|8|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Through orthogonal experimental design,the optimum SRAP-PCR(Sequence related amplified polymorphism-polymerase chain reaction) amplification system was developed to estimate the genetic diversity by comparing the effect of four main PCR reaction components.The best SRAP-PCR amplification system comprised of 2 U Taq DNA polymerase,1.5 mmol/L Mg2+,75 ng DNA template,0.5 μmol/L primer.Twenty pairs of primers from the 238 pairs of primer combinations were selected by PCR product polymorphism among 15 Tartary buckwheat cultivars.The results showed that 128 loci were amplified by 20 pairs of primer combinations.The polymorphism information content (PIC) values of these primer combinations were between 0.66 to 0.95.The amplified loci for each pair of primer combination were 7-13,and polymorphism average ratio was 81.6%.The information value for primer combination of me7em11,me9em4 and me12em8 was 0.95.The 15 Tartary buckwheat cultivars could be divided into three categories based on UPGMA (GS=0.78),but no obvious geographical distribution characteristics were observed.We optimized SRAP-PCR molecular marker system to analyze genetic diversity among 15 Tartary buckwheat cultivars.It laid the theoretical foundation for research on the germplasm resources of Tartary buckwheat.Keywords：Tartary buckwheat;SRAP-PCR;orthogonal experimental design;genetic diversity11|8|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Effects of acetic (A) and lactic acid (L) on the aerobic stability of silage were determined by adding mixture of A and L with various mass ratios of A/L to prepared corn stover silage.In addition,the roles of acetic and lactic improving methane yield rate (MYR) of silage in the presence of exposure to ambient air were analyzed using three feedstocks including the silage before and after the aerobic stability test,mixtures of A/L and stove-dried silage with different ratios of A/L.For this purpose,the aerobic stability tests and anaerobic digestion tests were respectively performed using paperless recorder with thermocouple theory and several bath reactors.The results showed that addition of acetic acid significantly extended the aerobic stability of silage and the stability increased along with the increased acetic acid concentration.Accordingly,dry matter(DM)loss of the treatments adding 10% and 8% acetic acid was 1% and 3% respectively,whereas adding 2% and without acetic acid loss 20% and 25% DM respectively.The linear relationship between DM loss of silage(x) and its methane yield decrease(y) was expressed as:y=0.705x＋1.224(R2=0.986 2).MYR of higher acetic acid concentration was significantly higher(P<0.05) than that of higher lactic acid concentration in anaerobic digestion system with acetic and lactic acid as only feedstock.However,adding 17% and 13% acetic acid had less effect on MYR compared to those treatment by adding the same ratios of lactic acid in the stovedried silage.A comprehensive assessment showed increasing acetic acid concentration in silage was beneficial for its aerobic stability,DM loss and MYR.These results suggested that heterofermentative ensiling with higher acetic acid concentration was an effective method of storing fresh feedstock during the feed-out period in the presence of exposure to ambient air for biogas production.Keywords：acetic acid;lactic acid;silage;aerobic stability;anaerobic digestion;methane yield rate(MYR)2|8|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：GA3 (0.02 mg/g) and PAC (0.02 mg/g) were applied on inflorescence 10 days before anthesis in order to verify the improvement of fruit set and the role of VvAGs gene in fruit set of ‘Fenghou’ grapevine.The early berry development was observed with microscopy.The RT-PCR was used to analyze expression of VvAGs.The result showed that gibberellin improved fruit set percent,but PAC inhibited fruit set.The inhibition was fully reverted by GA3 application.Both Transverse and longitudinal diameters upon GA3 treatment were larger than those of the control at 0-10 days after anthesis.Further analysis showed that cells of mesocarp upon GA3 treatment were larger than those of the control.But PAC treatment had the opposite effect,which might suggest that GA3 improved cell expansion of mesocarp.The expression of VvAGs had a tissue specificity.VvAG2 was expressed in all organs including young and mature leaves,stems and tendrils.The expression of VvAG1 and VvAG3 was extremely low in tissues except inflorescences and fruits.Nevertheless,the expression of VvAG1 and VvAG2 was very high in inflorescences before anthesis and fruits,suggesting that the two genes were necessary for flower development and fruit set.VvAG3's expression was lower than that of other two genes,but GA3 application could elevate the expression,but PAC treatment had reverse effect,indicating that gibberellin might regulate the expression of VvAG3 gene.0|8|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：To study the mechanism of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMGR) on salt tolerance in plants, we used birch-leaf pear(Pyrus betulaefolia Bunge.)leaves as materials and obtained a complete cDNA sequence by homology cloning.The open reading frame of this gene was 1815 bp,while it encoded a protein consisting of 604 amino acids.Structure prediction revealed that there were two conserved transmembrane domains in the N-terminal of this protein, and catalytic domains in the C-terminal containing HMG-CoA binding domains and NADP (H) binding domains. Blasting from NCBI,the deduced amino acid sequence showed 97%,93% and 90% of homology rate with apple,flowering peach and sandy pear respectively.From clustering analysis by MEGA 5.0,the results indicated that the obtained gene was a member of HMGR1 subfamily,named as gene PbHMGR.From RT-PCR analysis,the data indicated that PbHMGR expressed widely in phloem,xylem,shoot,leave and flower of birch-leaf pear,but expressed superlatively in shoot.By onion epidermis subcellular positioning analysis,we observed that the PbHMGR protein showed punctate distribution in the cytoplasm.PbHMGR was then transformed into tobacco using the method of agrobacterium infecting leaf discs and sown transgenic T0 seed on medium supplemented with different concentrations of NaCl.The germination rate after 3 days and the germination state was significantly higher in the salt-tolerant transgenic tobacco seed than that of the control.The PbHMGR could thus increase the salt tolerance ability of plant seed.0|9|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Agrobacterium tumefaction induced in crown gall and occured worldwidly cause serious damage to crop production.In this study,we screened resistant resources from plant communities of Prunus sogdiana with inoculating Agrobacterium tumefaciens,aimed at observing. the forming process and the structure of the crown gall tumors from Myrobalan plum and preliminary investigation on the mechanism of crown disease-resistance.The results showed that 25 of 126 seedings,20% of the total,were of high resistance,which implied that Myrobalan plum was a kind of excellent germplasm resources against Agrobacterium tumefactions.The vessel existed in crown gall tumors and derived from the host xylogen,formed before the sieve tube's formation,implying that the demand for water and inorganic salts was likely to be more important than thatfor organic matters at the beginning of crown gall tumors.The crown gall tumor had two types of vascular strands of tree-like branched bundles and globular bundles.Tree-like branched bundles played an important part in increasing growth of crown gall tumors,but globular bundles had a leading role in transporting function after crown gall tumors form completely.There was almost no difference in the content of zeatin riboside between the infection and uninfection in Myrobalan plum with high resistance,while the content of zeatin riboside increased in Myrobalan plum of the extreme susceptibility after 18 days infection compared with the uninfection.The expression of ipt,iaaM,and iaaH genes increased in Myrobalan plum of the extreme susceptibility compared with Myrobalan plum of high resistance.The high expression of the ipt gene might lead to an increase of the zeatin riboside content in Myrobalan plum of the extreme susceptibility after the infection of Agrobacterium tumefactions,and then caused crown gall disease.However, there were not the same results in Myrobalan plum of the extreme susceptibility.Keywords：agrobacterium tumefaciens;Xinjiang wild myrobalan plum;crown gall;morphology1|10|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Persimmon germplasm resources were collected in Henan province in order to investigate their types,distributions and phenotypic diversity.Phenotypic diversity of 146 persimmon germplasms were analyzed based on 43 morphological characteristics of fruit,leaf and seed.Meanwhile simple classification and identification of germplasms were implemented.The results indicated that all the persimmon germplasms from Henan province were pollination-constant astringent (PCA) type.There were many variation types in 24 descriptive characteristics,17 of which could be found in all types but only ten of seven descriptive characteristics were absent.High degree and great range existed in 19 quantitative characteristics whose coefficient of variation ranged from 11.06% to 50.88%.The maximum value was twice as much as the minimum.The degree of variation was highest in fruit,but lowest in leaf.43 phenotypic traits were divided into five groups by R cluster analysis. The different phenotypic traits were assembled for one group if they were from the same tissue.146 germplasms were divided into five groups by Q cluster analysis.Several cultivars with problem of homonym or synonym were identified according to the phenotypic traits.It was clear that there were ample phenotypic diversities in Henan persimmon germplasms with abundant different accession and high variability.the resources collection, preservation, identification and evaluation in Henan province would be of great significance to the persimmon varieties breeding,cross breeding.Keywords：persimmon;phenotypic;diversity;cluster analysis6|8|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Herbicides residue in organic fertilizer has been considered as a serious threat to crop.In order to reduce the risks,we set up a test with 4 treatments of non-polluted compost (A1),clopyralid-polluted compost (A2),trifluralin-polluted compost (A3) and imprelis-polluted compost (A4) at usage rates of 0,5%,10% and 20% respectively.The aim was to survey the effects of the compost on germination rate,height,internode length,stem diameter,dry weight,root length,seedling index of 45 days tomato.The results showed that both tomato germination and growth rate were inhibited by the herbicide-polluted composts,depending on the herbicides.The inhibitory effect increased with increasing dose rate.Clopyralid-polluted compost had the most significant inhibitory effect.Stem diameter,plant dry weight and root length were more sensitive to herbicide pollution compared to plant height and leaf area.Keywords：tomato;herbicide;compost;bioavailability8|10|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：In the study,100 bacterial strains from some vegetables or rhizosphere soil were used to screen antagonistic bacteria against Rhizoctonia solani by the dual culture method.Eight strains of bacterial antagonists were isolated and their inhabiting zone against R.solani was more than 0.60 cm.Through application of cucumber seedlings,three of the eight antagonists could increasingly promote the growth of cucumber seedlings.Seedling indices were 16.22% (60),13.48%(K13)and 43.04% (Z84)respectively compared to the control seedlings.Meanwhile,three strains (60,K13 and Z84) of the six strains could increasingly prevent the cucumber damping-off disease with the control efficiency of 67.53%,59.42% and 77.27% respectively.According to the characteristics of morphology,the physiology and biochemistry test and the comparison of 16S rDNA sequence,three strains(60,K13 and Z84) were identified as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. The three strains of antagonistic bacteria can be used as a biological control agency to control the cucumber damping-off disease.Keywords：antagonistic bacteria;cucumber;Rhizoctonia solani;Bacillus3|9|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：The study was aimed to investigate the impacts of different drying methods on the polyphenol content and antioxidant activities of chicory leaf.The change of polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity during drying process,the flavonoid and total polyphenol content of dry chicory leaf were measured,and the DPPH free radical,ABTS+· free radical scavenging capacity and reducing power of the polyphenol extraction from chicory leaf were also determined under different drying methods including air drying,freeze drying and hot air drying at different temperatures so as to obtain the optimum drying method.The results showed from the following aspects.1) The content of polyphenol in chicory leaf processed by different drying methods was significantly different,which could be due to a combination of residual PPO activity and heat sensitivity of polyphenol during the drying process.2) When the flavonoid content and total polyphenol content were taken into account,hot air drying at 60 ℃ was the best result,freeze drying was the second and air drying was the last one.3) The DPPH free radical scavenging capacity,ABTS+· free radical scavenging capacity and reducing power all had a significant positive correlation with the flavonoid and total polyphenol content in chicory leaf (R2≥0.888,P<0.05).In order to have the higher polyphenol content and antioxidant activity in dry chicory leaf,the hot air-drying at 60 ℃ was a recommended drying method for chicory leaf.Keywords：chicory;leaf;drying methods;polyphenol;antioxidant activities0|7|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：The investigation of effects of transplanting on the grassland biomass,the structure of functional groups and on the plant diversity had been carried out since June 2013 in a transplant experiment in Dagze county degraded alpine meadow in the region of the Brahmaputra River in Tibet.Results showed that the transplanting fill of the empty niche in a horizontal and vertical way enhanced the community's horizontal and vertical spaces of resource.Transplanting added a new functional group,changed the original functional proportion,improved the ground biomass,and changed the community diversity at the same time.After transplanting,Shannon-Wiener species richness of diversity indices and Margalef index were higher than that of the CK,which were significantly better than the CK (P<0.05,n=5).Simpson diversity index was lower than that of the CK,and significantly different from the CK (P<0.05,n=5),Pielou evenness index was higher than that of the CK,which was not significantly different from the CK (P>0.05,n=5).In conclusion,proper transplant could raise the utility value of alpine meadows,but in the meantime,it would be better to recover the degraded grassland and maintain the stability of the ecosystem.Keywords：degraded grassland;transplant;plant diversity;grassland restoration;niche;region of the Brahmaputra River in Tibet2|6|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：The research focuses on assessing the impact of restraint stress on the digestive capacity of early pregnant mice and revealing the effect mechanism of stress on pregnancy by observing the changes of the food intake,body weight and small intestinal mucosa histological structure in the pregnant mice with restraint stress.The early pregnant mice were treated by restraint stress continuously for 4 hours per day till being killed.The mice were sacrificed to isolate the small intestine at pregnancy of 3,5 and 7 days (named as E3d,E5d and E7d).The changes of food intake and body weight were recorded,and PAS staining and immune histochemical staining of PCNA were used to observe the effect of stress on the goblet cells and epithelial cell proliferation in duodenum,jejunum,ileum of early pregnant mice.The food intake and body weight in stress mice dropped significantly.The food intake had fallen by 15%,11% and 19% at E3d,E5d and E7d respectively,and the weight had fallen by 71%,90% and 105% respectively.The restraint stress could reduce the intestinal goblet cells numbers,villous height,and the rate of PCNA positive cells expression in duodenum,jejunum and ileum of mice.Stress significantly inhibits the growth of the intestinal mucosa and may thus reduce the digestion ability of the pregnancy mice,which is harmful to pregnancy.Keywords：restraint stress;pregnancy mice;goblet cells;intestinal gland epithelium cells2|8|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Goat β-defensin-1 (GBD1) is a class of cationic peptides widely present in goat intestines,liver,lungs and reproductive tract and other tissues.GBD1 plays an important role in the goat intrinsic defense system.In this study,goat defensins were designed based on conserved sequences for 12 different physical and chemical properties of defensins (DGBD1-12) and cloned Pichia expression vectors pPICZA in EcoR I and Not I,and recombinant expression vectors.After linearized by SaI,it was electroporated into Pichia pastoris GS115,and identified by PCR of bacteria.After fermentation and methanol induction,recombinant bacteria fermentation supernatant Escherichia coli,Staphylococcus aureus had a strong inhibitory effect.Determination of minimum inhibitory concentration of E.coli recombinant plasmid displayed the strongest inhibition.The results of this study show that DGBD structural stability and hydrophobicity have a greater impact on their antibacterial activity.Keywords：β-defensins;intrinsic defense system;physical and chemical properties;genetic engineering;antibacterial activity2|9|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：The purpose of this paper is to study the effects of Mongolian medicines on the antibacterial effect of bovine pathogenic Escherichia coli.The diameter of inhibition zone was determined by Oxford cup method.The Oxford cup test results showed that among 15 Mongolian medicines,the two which had a better inhibitory effect on 5 different serotypes of pathogenic E. coli were chaonin Harimog and Solong Gims.Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were investigated by the micro dilution method and plate method.The Micro dilution method explained that 7 kinds of Mongolian medicines that had better inhibitory effects on different serotypes from bovine Pathogenic E.coli were Zhu Rula,chaonin Harimog,Solong Gims,Hun Qin,Gaoletu · Baori,Geixigune and Arule with 0.063-0.500 g/mL of MIC and 0.125-0.500 g/mL of MBC.0|7|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Changfeng silver carp is artificially bred new varieties of carp.In order to better understand the nutritional quality of Changfeng silver carp and utilize Changfeng silver carp resource,experimental analysis on the nutritional variability in different parts of Changfeng silver carp were conducted.General nutrients and fatty acids of different parts of the silver carp were measured in gas chromatography (GC) to determine the types and relative content of fatty acids.The nutrient composition of Changfeng silver carp was different in different parts of the body.The content of crude protein and crude fat in muscle was 3.00% and 16.21%,higher than other parts;Ash in fins was highest for 23.64%,up to 20 times the ash content in meat;Moisture and fat content were highest in visceral,75.68%,7.41% respectively.Unsaturated fatty acid in Changfeng silver carp was higher comparing to other silver carps,and unsaturated fatty acids in fish C18:1n9 was highest content of 21.20%.The sum of EPA and DHA content in muscle was 8.48%,the content in head was 7.49%,higher than other parts.Changfeng silver carp muscleα-linolenic acid was higher than other silver carp,but ΣEPA + DHA was lower.Keywords：Changfeng silver carp;nutritional components;gas chromatography;fatty acid1|8|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
Effect of drip fertigation on water and nitrogen use efficiency and nitrate residues in a greenhouse
Abstract：Conventional flooding irrigation fertilization results in low utilization of resources,high risk of environmental pollution,which has become a serious threat to the sustainable development of greenhouse vegetable production.The object of this study is to evaluate whether drip fertigation can improve water and nitrogen use efficiency and reduce nitrate pollution risk.A long-term experiment within 9 growing seasons was conducted in Shouguang,Shandong Province.Tomato yield,water and nitrogen use efficiency,economic benefits and soil nitrate content were analysed.Compared with conventional flooding irrigation fertilization,fertilizer N and water inputs were reduced by 78% and 46% under drip fertigation system,while nitrogen partial productivity and irrigation water use efficiency were increased 5-fold and 2-fold,respectively.Tomato yield and economic benefits were increased by 6% and 22% under drip fertilization system,while the inter-annual variation of yield decreased significantly.The nitrate residues in the soil (0-90 cm) was up to 819 kg/hm2 for conventional production system,while it was reduced by 50% under drip fertigation system.In conclusion,compared to conventional flooding irrigation fertilization system,drip fertigation system is more efficient and stable with reduced resources input and environmental cost.Keywords：greenhouse tomato;drip fertigation;water and nitrogen use efficiency;soil nitrate;economic benefits5|9|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27Nitrogen accumulation and use efficiency of single rice under soil testing and nitrogen distribution
Abstract：Field experiments relative to soil testing and N distribution during rice growth period (PF) were set up in order to improve rice yield and nitrogen (N) use efficiency.The results showed that the N accumulation of leaves in soil testing rice plant at mature stage was higher than of conventional fertilization rice.Moreover,rice yield,N use efficiency and the ratio of input to output in the soil testing rice were 1.16%-2.86%,10.12%-18.61% and 0.09%-3.8% higher than those of conventional fertilization rice respectively.The accumulated nitrogen of leaves in rice plant at mature stage were higher in PF2 (basal N:tiller N:panicle N = 40%:30%:30%) than that of PF1 (basal N:tiller N:panicle N = 60%:30%:10%).Meanwhile,rice yield,N use efficiency and the ratio of input to output of PF2 rice increased by 0.38%,7.06% and 0.64% respectively compared with PF1.Both rice yields and N use efficiency were significantly correlated with N concentration and the total accumulated N in rice leaves at mature stage,and the correlation efficiencies (R) ranged from 0.85* to 0.99**.It was evident that soil testing and more N at late stage of rice significantly increased the N accumulation and ues efficiency, and rice yield and income as well.Keywords：soil testing;N distribution;rice yield;N accumulation and use efficiency1|9|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27- Abstract：Richards equation is the most common model used to describe water flow in the vadose zone,which can yield solutions with sharp fronts in space and time under certain conditions.To effectively simulate unsaturated flow in porous media for convection-dominated problem,discontinuous Galerkin (DG) methods with penalty was proposed.The method was applied to simulate one-dimension unsaturated infiltration problem.Interior penalty discontinuous Galerkin (IPDG) method and standard finite elements method (FEM) were both used to solve the Richards equation with van Genuchten-Mualem model and Dirichlet conditions.Different soil numerical simulated results showed that DG method could effectively simulate the unsaturated water flow in the specific soils for convection-dominated problem on several nets.DG method solution could excellently approximate to the exact solution.The numerical experiments also demonstrated that DG method could achieve accurate global mass balance.Keywords：soil water flow;convection-dominated;Richards equation;discontinuous Galerkin method0|8|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Lead in soil can enter human body via food chain,and has a great detrimental effect on human health.In order to obtain the content of lead in soil,in this paper,a system of detecting lead in soil was developed on the basis of electrochemical.The system integrated a lead detecting instrument and data processing software,which was capable of measuring the concentration of lead in soil extract rapidly on the principle of anodic stripping voltammetry.The lead detecting instrument used a MSP430 processor as a control unit,and consisted of a potentiostat,a current acquisition equipment and a power supply system.It communicated with computer via serial port.The data processing software sent command and parameters to the instrument,and then received and analyzed the data.This system possessed the advantages of inexpensive,low-power,portable and rapid detection.The system was tested with a series of standard solutions,of which lead concentration ranged from 10 nmol/L to 10 mol/L.The tests showed that the linearity between the concentration of these solutions and the dissolving peak current detected by the system was well with R2=0.995 1.16 soil extract samples were measured with the system as well as atomic absorption spectrometry method,and the relative error between them was less than 8%.It was concluded that this lead detecting system was suitable for rapid evaluation and measurement of lead in soil.Keywords：soil;lead;electrochemical;rapid detection0|8|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：To solve the imbalance supply of tomato sauce production materials,Hybrid Biogeography-Based Optimization was proposed to solve tomato planting decision problem by constructing nonlinear mathematical optimization model.Some strategies such as cosine migration model,disturb migration operator,mutation operator based on Gaussian distribution and the reasonable combination of mutation operator of differential evolution algorithm were used to improve the performance of biogeography-based optimization algorithm.A research was conducted in a Xinjiang Ketchup factory showed that the algorithm could realize the balance between tomato raw material supply and Ketchup factory capacity.Simulation results verified the rationality of the mathematical model for the tomato planting planning and the feasibility of the algorithm.The optimal cultivation scheme was derived and was compared with other intelligent optimization algorithms.The result of the algorithm showed good convergence.Keywords：Biogeography-Based Optimization;tomato;balanced supply;the optimum planting planning1|8|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：In view of the poor quality of manual spray in greenhouse and easily causing personnel applying pesticide poisoning,a remote control system of self-propelled mist sprayer based on short message service was designed.This system set the walking speed and spraying flow of the mist sprayer by mobile short messages,and the mist sprayer could spray automatically controlled by micro control unit.The test results showed that the response time of the system was about three seconds and the maximum response distance was only 0.59 m in the maximum walking speed of the mist sprayer.In the process of actual use,in order to obtain better spray uniformity,walking speed should be valued between 4-12 cm/s and spraying flow should be valued between 50-300 mL/min.The designed system could satisfy the requirement in greenhouse and compared with the traditional method,it greatly simplified the operation process,reduced labor intensity and safeguarded the personal safety.Keywords：greenhouse self-propelled mist sprayer;micro control unit;communication module;remote control0|8|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：In order to establish the greenhouse temperature prediction model for a week,a microclimate observing experiment was conducted in Xiqing,Dagang Baodi,Jinghai in the winter of 2011 and 2012.A BP neural network simulation model was established with the observational data in collected in winter of 2011,and validated the model with data from Dec.2012 to Jan.2013.The results showed that the agreement index of prediction model for the high temperature is fluctuated from 0.68 to 0.93,and the root mean square error (RMSE) is changed from 3.1 to 6.3 ℃;but that the agreement index of the prediction model for low temperature is 0.81-0.95,the root mean square error (RMSE) is from 1.5 t-2.2 ℃.The accurate rate with an error less than 6 ℃ is 60%-82% in high temperature forecasting,but 78%-95% with an error less than 2 ℃ for low air temperature.The agreement index of the real time air temperature prediction model is between 0.95 and 0.99,and the root mean square error (RMSE) is from 1.0 to 2.8 ℃.The forecast model might be applied in forecasting cryogenic disaster for 1-7 days,which combined with the weekly outsicde temperature forecasting values.Keywords：solar greenhouse;BP neural networks;air temperature;prediction model2|8|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Global climate change has significant impact on environments,ecology and social economy,which make a direct threat to the world food security through affecting agricultural production.Based on literature analysis and field research,this paper collected the basic data of agricultural production and the existing agricultural technologies in China.According to the basic idea of climate change impact framework of IPPC fifth Assessment Report,a matrix for evaluating the adaptation between regional climate and corresponding technologies was ?? presented.By using the multi-objective comprehensive evaluation method,the agricultural technology suitability evaluation model was built,which was used to analyze agricultural technical suitability in different regions.The suitability evaluation was mainly standing on the characteristics of agricultural technology and actual situation of regions.The agricultural technology evaluation index and regional evaluation index were established,in which key factors include 6 aspects:crop suitability,water resources condition,temperature and light conditions,terrain conditions,economic conditions and ecological conditions.By using the multi-objective comprehensive evaluation method,the regional suitability assessment of agricultural technologies could be realized,and from which obtaining the agricultural technologies adapting to the climate change in different second level agricultural cultivation area.Keywords：climate change;agricultural technology;technology evaluation;adaptive capacity2|8|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Drought is the main agro-meteorological disaster during winter wheat growth periods,which seriously influences the growth and yield of winter wheat.Taking winter wheat growing areas in Anhui Province as an example,and based on the crop water deficit index,the accumulated humidity index,the comprehensive meteorological drought index,and the precipitation anomaly percentage index,it was found that there were relationships between different risk assessment indices which were correlated with the relative meteorological yield.In this paper,an integrated drought risk index was constructed by comparing the computed drought indices with some recorded drought situation,evaluating the drought adaptability,and selecting the optimal drought index as a hazard risk index.The drought risk index was graded by using the winter wheat yield reduction rate,and then the frequencies beyond the different drought disaster thresholds were calculated.A regional drought risk evaluation model was created based on the drought hazard during the whole growing period,combined with the vulnerability and exposure of hazard affected bodies.The results showed that there was an obvious difference between the north and south of drought risk,which was affected by the latitude,altitude,and hazard-bearing bodies.The frequency of drought in central and northern parts was higher than that in the southern part of winter wheat region of Anhui Province.1999/2000 typical drought year was used to verify and test the applicability of the model,risk distribution increased from south to north,at the same time,the spatial distribution of ratio of potential yield reduction was more consistent with the drought risk.The evaluation results showed that the constructed integrated drought risk index in this paper is applicable for winter wheat drought risk assessment.Drought risk assessment is helpful for improving the ability of regional disaster management and mitigating the drought-induced loss.Keywords：drought index;risk assessment;winter wheat;winter wheat region of Anhui Province2|8|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Under the background of global warming,in order to provide scientific basis for ecological environment construction and regional agricultural development of Qinling Mountains in Shaanxi.Based on the daily average temperature data collected from 71 weather stations in Qinling Mountains from 1961 to 2010,the methods like meteorological data of spatial analysis,Mann-kendall and Morelt wavelet analysis are used to analyze the thermal resources variation of accumulative temperature,interval days,first day and last day,with which daily temperature steadily above 0 ℃.The aim was to provide scientific evidence for the regional ecological environmental construction and agriculture development.The results showed that the interval days and accumulated temperature of the daily temperature above 0 ℃ steadily increased.The first day was early,but the last day was delayed.In addition,the changing speed of the first day in the northern Qinling mountain was slower than that of the southern region.The rate of the internal days,last day and accumulative temperature of daily temperature above 0 ℃ in northern Qingling mountains were quicker than those in southern area.Variation of the internal days,last day and accumulated temperature of daily temperature above 0 ℃ in Northern Qinling Mountain were higher than those of South part.However,the first day of daily temperature above 0 ℃ in Northern Qinling Mountain was lower than that of south.The abrupt change of the internal days,accumulated temperature,first day and last day of daily temperature above 0 ℃ in Northern Qinling Mountain appeared in 1997,1997,1972 and 1997 respectively.In contrast,they appeared in 2003,1997,1976 and 1997 respectively in Southern Qinling Mountain.The accumulated temperature of ≥0 ℃ in Qinling Mountain had similar spatial variation and increasing trend.Keywords：thermal resources of daily average temperature above 0 ℃;Qinling Mountains;spatial-temporal variation;statistic analysis;ArcGIS5|8|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：This paper divided different kinds of agricultural risk into pre-production risk, production risk and post-production risk according to the time sequence, which were introduced into the comparative statics profit function,and qualitatively analyzed agricultural input-output equilibrium changes.Taking into consideration of the increasing production risk,the author compared and analyzed changes and differences in the optimal equilibrium input-output by rational producer,and developed dynamic agricultural income function and also used Lyaponof stability theorem to discuss and analyze risk mechanism and influencing factors in stabilizing agricultural income.The results showed that:1)When the producing risk expectation was increased,production curve "jumped" downward which means yields decrease;2)The optimal input-output scale was smaller than the equilibrium status,and it was difficult to achieve "tight constraints" condition of income stability.Keywords：agricultural risk;input-output equilibrium;income stability;Lyaponof1|8|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Risk perception shapes individual's risk behavior,risk attitudes and decision-making behavior directly based on his/her perception of risk.Information is an important factor that affects risk perception and the objective premise and influences people's action rationally.In order to clarify the impact mechanism between animal disease information and pig farmers' risk perception and risk coping behavior,based on field research data,an empirical analysis was carried out by using Structural Equation Model in this paper.The model result showed that the path coefficients of the epidemic disease content information,disease probability information and government control information on risk perception were -0.19,-0.16 and -0.29 respectively,and the path coefficient of risk perception on farmers' decision making bahavior was -0.23.That means that farmers' risk perception is the core intervening variable that triggers farmers' risk response behavior,and high level of risk perception is not good for farmers to take the positive risk coping behavior.Therefore,increasing transmission of information on disease feature,probability and government control will be helpful to reduce farmers' risk perception.Keywords：farmers;epidemic animal disease information;risk perception;risk coping0|8|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Compared with the point source pollution,agricultural nonpoint source pollution is difficult to control because of its dispersion,randomicity,fuzziness,etc..From the viewpoint of maximizing social benefit,it suggested that the collective subsidy mechanism should be set up for controlling agricultural nonpoint source pollution.This mechanism provided sufficient subsidies for farmers who were motivated to reduce the chemical fertilizer input level,which could reduce governments' pollution control cost and increase social benefit.This mechanism had been validated by the experimental data of Taihu Lake basin,and the results showed that it is available to control agricultural nonpoint source pollution.Keywords：nonpoint source pollution;collective subsidy;social benefit;fertilizer input1|7|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：In order to research the behavior of farmers' technical options and reveal the factors influencing agricultural technology adoption by the new agricultural business entities,thus to provide scientific guidance for improving the efficiency of the agricultural technology promotion,a sample of 425 farmers from Jiaozhou in Shandong Province was investigated.The sample analysis showed that,81.3 percent of the cooperatives members relied on technology supplied by cooperatives,90 percent of the agricultural enterprises initiatively seek technical guidance advantage,and 95 percent of the family farm operators had a strong demand for technology.Logistic regression results showed that the area of arable land,education level of famers,agricultural technology,agricultural technology training and profitability had positive impact on the technology choice behavior of family farm operators,and the signing of contract farming,joining in the cooperatives had negative impact on the technology choice behavior.Therefore,the new agricultural business entities should make technology choices based on the features of their own businesses.Keywords：agricultural technology;new agricultural management entities;influencing factors;logistic model0|8|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：In order to understand the rural residential layout rationality in Poyang County,Jiangxi Province,to evaluate the suitability of layout,and propose countermeasures of optimization.Thirteen factors of five groups including reasonable space,reasonable structure,production support,convenient life and ecological security were selected for constructing the index system.With the help of GIS spatial analysis and statistical techniques,analyzing single factor quantization and multi factor comprehensive evaluation.Divide the rural residential land into five grades:best suitability,better suitability,medium suitability,poor suitability and worst suitability,respectively 22.22%,31.94%,28.25%,15.97% and 1.62%.Analysis each suitable grade based on evaluation result,the region are good suitability on the whole about the 32 administrative units,among these,You Cheng xiang,Xie Jia Tan zhen,Zhe Gang xiang,Poyang zhen,Le Feng zhen,Huang Gang zhen,Jian Tian Jie xiang,Gu Xian Du zhen,Hou Jia Gang Xiang have larger area.About the 529 administrative villages,the numbers of each grade decreased gradually with decreasing suitability degree from good to poor,respectively 176,167,131,44 and 11.And put forward the Countermeasures of rural residential layout optimization according to different suitability level.Keywords：rural residential;GIS;layout suitability;evaluation;layout optimization0|9|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Participatory irrigation management is useful to improve the management efficiency of water resource and irrigation management system.Based on 353 peasant households' survey data from 5 counties in Inner Mongolia,this paper analyzed the effects of the participatory irrigation management mode to households' livelihood capitals.The results showed that irrigation management reform significantly affect the livelihood capital,physical capital,human capital and social capital.With the deepening of irrigation management reform,the level of households' livelihood capitals was keeping enhanced.Compared to the traditional village collective management,participatory irrigation management may efficiently adjust households' water demand,relieve contradiction among farmers due to water distribution and also might enhance the water irrigation efficiency,so as to improve households' livelihood capital.Keywords：irrigation management;household;livelihood capital;reform0|7|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Water investment plays a significant role in agricultural production.It is not only the key to keep the development of agricultural and rural area,but also the power to promote agricultural economic growth.Based on statistical data of Shaanxi Province during the period of 1982-2011,this paper examined the relationship between water investment and agricultural economic growth through the co-integration test.There was a long-run equilibrium relationship in agricultural sector between production inputs (farm labor force,cultivated land,farm machinery and water investment) and agricultural output.To support the study,polynomial distributed lag models and Almon method were taken to estimate the impact of water investment on agricultural economic growth.Specifically,the effect of the lagged water investment variable changes was investigated.The study showed that water investment had a positive promotion to agricultural economic growth which beginning at the third year after they had been applied.This effect reached the top at the fifth year and went down the sixth year.The dynamic elasticity of water investment against agricultural economic growth was 1.204,and long-run elasticity 1.256.Keywords：water investment;agricultural economic growth;output elasticity;hysteresis;distributed-lag model1|7|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Label is a visible carrier to convey quality safety information for consumers.It is useful to eliminate information asymmetries of agrofood.To eliminate the adverse effects of agricultural information asymmetries,labeling of agrofood market access system was firstly implemented in Guangdong Province in 2009.Sampled from Guangzhou,Zhanjiang,Dongguan and Huizhou,the paper researched consumers' perception to agrofood label,and main factors influencing consumers' willingness-to-pay(WTP),based on the binary logistic regression.The results showed that consumers' WTP for the label was low due to the low level of understanding.In addition,age,education,income,affordability and price were also important factors influencing consumers' WTP,where price had negative relationship with consumers' WTP.Keywords：agrofood label;asymmetric information;consumer;perception;WTP0|9|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
