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- Abstract：Residue factor (RF) is an important parameter which is used to estimate field residue quantity of field crop.The aim of this research is to determine RF of all the field crops in 31 provinces (excluding Hong Kong,Macao,and Taiwan) according to crop RF values published mainly between 2006 and 2011.The field crops were selected according China Statistical Yearbook.The mathematical models were built to determine the RFs of the three major crops,i.e.rice,wheat,and maize.Rice RF varied between 0.74 and 1.33 and with an average of 1.04 among 30 provinces.Wheat RF varied between 1.05 and 1.41 and averaged 1.28 among 30 provinces.Maize had RF ranged between 0.93 and 1.30 and averaged 1.07 among 31 provinces.Average RF in the same or similar region was taken for the other crops.RF of beans and tubers varied between 1.13 and 1.86 and between 0.42 and 0.75,and the average were 1.35 and 0.53,respectively.Jute and ambary hemp had RF ranged from1.22 to 2.23 and averaged 1.73.Cotton RF ranged from 2.41 to 4.09 and averaged 2.87.Peanut had RF between 0.85 and 1.43,canola between 2.57 and 3.17,whereas sesame between 1.78 and 2.23.Other cereals,other oil crops and other fibers were the same value in all provinces which were 2.32,2.63 and 6.55,respectively.Keywords：field crops;crop residue;residue factor;modeling2|6|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Efficient haploid induction is the prerequisites in maize doubled haploid breeding.In this study,the results showed that the haploid induction rates differed significantly among the 20 single hybrids,and the highest rate was about five times higher than the lowest.From the multi-year haploid induction experiment using single hybrid ZD958 as female and haploid inducer CAUHOI-1 as male,the average induction rate in winter season in Hainan (3.39%) was higher than that of Beijing in summer season (1.86%).Haploid rates differed between different seed positions on the ear,and the higher haploid frequency was found on the top of the ear.Haploid induction rate was also affected by the silk age,and the younger silk could yield more haploids.The results above supported that maternal genotype,maternal silk age and inducing location could be important in haploid induction.To increase haploid induction rate and optimize the haploid induction,induction should be conducted in locations with stable environment and pollination in early time after ear silking.Keywords：maize;haploid;inducer;doubled haploid;optimization0|6|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Increasing the sugar content in silage corn stalk will improve the forage quality and palatability,and its inheritance has been rarely studied yet,the study on its inheritance can provide valuable information for silage corn breeding on stalk with high sugar.Seven corn inbred lines varying in stalk sugar content (Brix varying from 5.9 to 13.9) were used as the parents for making 21 crosses by Griffing diallel crossing modelⅡ,and genetic effects on stalk sugar content were evaluated.The results showed that inbred lines Y53-164,YXD053-646 and 98A-04 had the higher General Combining Ability(GCA) in stalk sugar content than the other four inbred lines, therefore,it is possible to increase stalk sugar content in their progenies.However,Special Combining Ability (SCA) significantly varied among combinations in stalk sugar content.The inheritance mode of stalk sugar content was in agreement with the additive-dominance-epistasis model,Furthermore,compared with the additive genetic effect,the dominant and epistatic genetic effects played a more important role.The alleles increasing stalk sugar content were recessive,and the alleles decreasing stalk sugar content were dominant;71% of the variation in stalk sugar content was contributed by genetic factors,however the narrow sense heritability of stalk sugar content was relatively low (40.11%).This characteristics cannot be used for selection in the early generations, inbred lines with high stalk sugar content being widely crossed might be usefor in inbreeding of hybrids with high stalk sugar content in corn.Keywords：corn;sugar content of stalk;diallel crossing;combining ability;genetic effect0|6|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Calnexin is one of the molecular chaperone molecules with highly conserved structures and biological functions.It plays crucial roles in the regulation processes of biological metabolism and Ca2+ signal transduction.In this study,we screened a cDNA library of a near-isogenic line of wheat stripe rust resistance gene Yr5 and cloned a calnexin gene named TaCNX60.0.Sequence analysis showed that the cDNA fragment contained a 1 921-bp open reading frame,and was predicted to encode a protein with 535 amino acids.Semi-quantitative RT-PCR was performed to investigate the gene expression profiles when wheat plants were treated with different stress conditions and after inoculated with wheat pathogens.It was found that TaCNX60.0 expression was suppressed by exogenous phytohormone ABA,cold and drought treatments.However,it was induced after infection by a strain of Puccinian striiformis CYR32 and mixed races of Erysiphe graminis f. sp. triticis.These results indicated that TaCNX60.0 may involve in wheat defense and stress responses.Keywords：wheat;calnexin;molecular chaperone;Puccinia striiformis;abiotic stress0|6|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：One of the breeding objectives of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench)is to obtain high biomass yield.Fifteen different types of sorghum R lines and four male sterile lines were used to analyze the combining ability and heterosis of 11 traits with NCⅡ genetic mating design mating scheme.The results indicated that lodging percentage was controlled additive effects;other traits such as aboveground biomass were contributable to both additive and non-additive effects.Those parental lines of NW-21,Lvneng-3 and maternal parental line of A3Jinliang-5A with higher general combing ability for the aboveground biomass were identified as potential parental materials for high biomass hybrid breeding program.The two crosses of A3Sanchisan A×Lvneng-3 and A3Sanchisan A×Saccaline revealed significantly higher aboveground biomass than that of A3Sanchisan A×Rio (check).Hybrids displayed over-standard heterosis in aboveground biomass.Keywords：sorghum;biomass;combining ability;heterosis;energy crop0|6|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Crop yield can be divided into different levels,the differences between different crop levels were considered to be yield gaps.Based on rice production situation in China,this paper constructed the regional crop yield gap quantitative model and quantified the rice yield gaps in middle and lower area of Yangtze River Valley.The results showed that the rice yield gaps between yields of farmer field and yields of regional trials,yields of high production demonstration and potential yields were significant in middle and lower area of Yangtze River Valley.The GV of first crop rice,medium crop rice,second crop rice were 2 024,1 455 and 1 835 kg/hm2,respectively.The GE were 3 864,5 196 and 4 601 kg/hm2,the GM were 9 990,15 135 and 13 246 kg/hm2,respectively.The distribution characteristics of different gaps in various types of rice were different.The distribution of same gap in different types of rice in a same province was also different.But in the whole region,the GV of first crop rice and second crop rice were larger than that of medium crop rice.The GE and GM of medium crop rice were bigger than that of first crop rice and second crop rice.Therefore,these results will be useful for improving rice production in the next few years by restoring the double crop rice area and increasing the rice yield.Keywords：rice;middle and lower area of Yangtze River Valley;AEZ;yield gap;distribution characteristics1|6|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：The aim of this study was to improve canopy structure of compact type maize under high plant population density,and explore summer maize yield potential,by using compact maize hybrid zhengdan958,and plant growth regulator JinDeLe.The same three treatments were conducted under three planting densities (60 000,75 000 and 90 000 plants/hm2) which were spraying 2.25 mL/LEC at the 6th-leaf stage and spraying 1.5 mL/L EC at 12th-leaf stage named T(6+12),spraying 1.5 mL/L EC at the 6th-leaf stage and 8th-leaf stage,respectively,named T(6+8),no spraying as control named CK.Our preliminary view in this study is that different ideal plant types exist within different densities.The character of ideal plant type in middle and low density contains that the ear height is low (40% of plant height),the length of ear layer (which is the addition of three joint length,the ear joint length,the first joint length above ear,and the first joint length below ear) is short(17% of plant height),the leaf area of ear layer is large (29% of total leaf area),and the structure above ear is compact.Under high density,the character is that the ear height is 35% of plant height,leaf area below ear is 42% of plant leaf area,the leaves of both the ear layer and the layer above ear are compact,and the leaf area of ear layer is 26% of plant leaf area.Keywords：summer maize;chemical regulation;density;plant type;canopy structure3|8|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：In order to study the effects of inoculation with Rhizobium leguminosarum strains on growth performances,yield,and grain quality of Canadian pea M.P.1824,a pot experiment was conducted involving inoculating with eight different Rhizobium leguminosarum strains.The results showed that,compared with no-inoculated control,rhizobium inoculation could extend pea's growth periods,produce a better growth in pea's ripening period,increase yield,and increase grain crude protein and fiber content,but reduce the content of soluble sugar.When inoculated with rhizobium ACCC 16058,periods of flowering beginning,flowering and podding beginning,podding,pod ripening delayed by 3.1,5.2,4.8,and 12 d,respectively.The number of branches at flowering and podding beginning period and plant height at pod ripening period increased by 45.5% and 16.61% respectively.In addition,pods per plant,grains per plant,grain dry weight per plant,and grain dry weight per pot were significantly (P<0.05) increased by 76.67%,85.54%,65.13%,and 36.71%,respectively.Inoculating with commercial rhizobium F98 significantly (P<0.05) raised the crude protein content and reduced the soluble sugar content,with variable quantity of +12.37% and -37.77%.Inoculating with CCBAU 43228 and CCBAU 43232 significantly (P<0.01) increased the content of crude fiber by 1.24 and 1.20 times compared with CK,and by 39.7% and 37.6% compared with F98.While inoculating with CCBAU 43232 decreased the content of soluble sugar by 35.65%.In conclusion,for pot experiment,the comprehensive performance of M.P.1824 inoculated with rhizobium ACCC 16058 was the best.Keywords：Rhizobium leguminosarum;semi-leafless pea;growth performances;yield;grain quality2|6|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：The study analyzed the drought-resistance indexes of broomcorn millet at seedling stage to provide theoretical basis for identifying drought resistance and screening broomcorn millet species.With simulate water stress by 0.25 g/mL PEG6000,the relationships of morphological indexes,physiological and biochemical indexes with drought resistance of broomcorn millet at seedling stage for 10 broomcorn millet cultivars were investigated.The results showed that the peroxidase (POD) activity, malondialdehyde (MDA) content,soluble protein (SP) content and superoxide anion (O2-·) were markedly increased, while plant height(PH), leaf length (LL),chlorophyll (Chl) content,relative water content (RWC) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were significantly decreased.The significance for correlation of survival rate (SR) with nine test indexes was decreased in the order of SOD activity,Chl content,MDA content,POD activity,O2-·,RWC,LL,PH and SP content;Through factor analysis,the ten test indexes were divided into two common factors,among which,the indexes of Chl content,active oxygen metabolism,membrane stability and SR played important roles in the first factor,while growing development,RWC and osmotic adjusting materials dominated in the second factor.The grey correlative degree of SR with other indexes was in the rank of SOD activity,Chl content,POD activity,PH,RWC,LL,SP,O2-· and MDA content.Therefore,the activities of SOD and POD,and Chl content can be used as an effective indicators for drought resistance identification,while LL,PH,SP,MDA and O2-· can be used for reference indicators at seedling stage in broomcorn millet.Keywords：broomcorn millet;seedling stage;PEG;drought-resistance indexes1|6|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
The correlation analysis between spectrum and leaf chlorophyllcontent in wheat stripe rust infection
Abstract：In order to monitor the wheat stripe rust infection with remote sensing,the relationship between the spectrum of single leaf and leaf chlorophyll content was studied.The wheat stripe rust pathogen was inoculated into seedlings,and then measured the spectrum and chlorophyll content 1-24 days following inoculation.The correlation between chlorophyll content and spectrum and the first-order differential was analyzed.The equation simulation was made with the spectral parameters.Leaf chlorophyll content was negatively related to either original spectrum or the first-order differential in the visible light spectrum 1-12 days after inoculating wheat stripe rust.However,the relationships became positive 13-24 days after the inoculation.The model was optimal with variable SDb in the simulation equation of 1-12 days after inoculation,but with SDr/SDg for the model of 13-24 days after inoculating wheat stripe rust.Keywords：wheat stripe rust;spectrum;leaf chlorophyll4|6|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27- Abstract：Pesticides affect the physiology and biochemistry of plants,such as photosynthesis,nutrient substance and so on.In order to explore the effects of pesticides on the defense of wheat to pests and pathogen,the activities changes of the three defense-related enzymes of phenylanlanine ammonialyase (PAL),glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) and lipoxygenase (LOX),were examined in wheat seedlings during 5 days after treated with imidacloprid,methomyl and omethoate respectively.The results showed that the activities of PAL decreased significantly at 6 h after treatment with 17.5 and 35.0 mg/L imidacloprid respectively,while increased by 38.9% and 40.0% respectively at 12 h after the treatment compared to the untreated control.When treated with 100,200 and 400 mg/L of methomyl,the activities of PAL in wheat seedlings increased markedly at 12 h.During 24 h after treated with 250,500 and 1 000 mg/L omethoate,the activities of PAL experienced a significant raising-descending process.In contrast,the activities of GSTs had a significant descending-raising process during 48 h after treated by 500 and 1 000 mg/L omethoate.Under the stresses of three pesticides,the activities of PAL,GSTs and LOX in wheat seedlings showed variation with time.They finally returned to normal conditions.The activities of PAL,GSTs and LOX in wheat seedlings treated with insecticides depended not only on the types of insecticides,but the concentration of insecticides and the duration time of treatment as well.Keywords：wheat;imidacloprid;methomyl;omethoate;defense related enzymes5|8|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：This paper is concerned with The effects of gibberellins (GA3) on berry growth and the possible role of VvSEP3 gene in early berry development of ‘Fenghou’ grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.).The inflorescences before flowering were treated with 0.1mg/L GA3.The VvSEP3 gene expression pattern during early berry development was studied by in situ hybridization.Our results showed that GA3 treatment increased the fruit setting rate and the fruit form index.The longitudinal diameter of GA3 treatment berry was larger than the control from 14 days after full bloom (DAFB) to 56 DAFB.Anatomical structure of the berry showed that the cell longitudinal diameter of the mesocarp was significantly larger than control berry from 7 DAFB,indicating that berry elongation due to GA3 treatment might be the stimulation of cell vertical growth.The VvSEP3 gene was expressed in the stigma,style,diaphragm and the nucellar tissue of ovules during flowering,in the ovary wall after flowering,and in vascular tissues and endosperm tissues during young embryo development.These results suggested that the VvSEP3 gene might play a role in the ovary wall cell division and enlargement process,and also involved in the process of seed formation and development.6|7|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Gibberellins (GA) are important plant hormone which promotes the enlargement of seedless grape berries.GA signal transduction,especially downstream elements,in the process of grape berry enlargement is still poorly known.Our previous proteomic results demonstrated that a SCARECROW(SCR) protein was up-regulated in GA3 treated seedless grape berries.As a mining step,11 sequences were identified from the grape genome as putative SCR gene,based on their coding protein's similarity to SCR identified in other plants.Specific primers were designed after BLAST analysis.Bunches of Centennial seedless were treated with 30mg/L GA3 on 12 days after flowering (D).The fruit were collected at the first rapid (13,15 and 19 d),slow (45 d) and the second rapid growth stage (61 d).Semi-quantitative RT-PCR showed that these 11 genes were of different transcription levels in mature leaves,young leaves,inflorescences,root tips,shoot tips,dormant buds,embryonic callus (EC) and non-embryonic callus (NEC).And these putative SCR genes,were up-regulated on 13,19,45,61 d by GA3 treatment.Our results lay the ground for future work on full sequence clone and functional study of grape SCR genes.4|9|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：This paper is concerned on the suitable time to extract pectin and tannic from persimmon.The astringent persimmon fruit variety ‘Damopan’ and ‘Hiratanenashi’ were used as raw materials and analyzed the content of soluble pectin and tannic in peel and pulp collected at different period.The results showed that pectin content in the two variety increased gradually during maturation period,and higher in pulp than peel,higher for Hiratanenashi than Damopan.In contrary,the soluble tannic in two variety gradually decreased during maturation period,and higher in pulp than peel,higher for Hiratanenashi than Damopan.The changes of the concentrations of soluble pectin and tannic during juice storage were also monitored.It was found that the content of soluble pectin reached to maximum at 0,10 and 30 days respectively.However the content of soluble tannic was maximum at 20 or 30 days.The Hiratanenashi had higher concentrations of pectin and tannic than Damopan.Our results supply with basic data for determingthe appropriate time of extracting the pectin and tannic.Keywords：persimmon;soluble pectin;soluble tannic4|6|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：In order to reveal the effects of different irrigations on water distribution and nitrate transport,conventional,75% and 50% conventional irrigations were evaluated in a solar-greenhouse-grown-cucumber Jinyu No.5.Water distribution,nitrate leaching,root zone nitrate transport,root distribution,yield and water use efficiency (WUE) were determined.The results showed that the amount of leaching,evaporation and soil water storage decreased,but transpiration and moisture content of plant were no significant difference with decreasing irrigation quantity.Both 75% and 50% conventional irrigations resulted in increase of cucumber yield by 10.5% and 15.4%,and WUE by 10.9% and 22.0%,respectively,compared with conventional irrigation.Nitrate leaching was also reduced significantly.It is thus evident that reducing irrigation can be benefit to either crop production,water saving or environmental protection.12|6|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：A BRANCHED1-like gene named DgBRC1b was cloned by RT-PCR and rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) using Dendranthema grandiflora ‘Jinba’.A predicated 1 008 bp open reading frame was deduced in the cloned sequence,which encoded 335 amino acids.By alignment analysis,the deduced amino acid sequence contained two conserved regions which was identified as diagnostic of true TCP.The gene was proposed to belong to TB1 subfamily by phylogenetic analysis.Subcellular localization revealed that DgBRC1b was localized preferentially distributed to nucleus.Keywords：chrysanthemum;branching;TCP;subcellular localization;RT-PCR2|6|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：This study is to study the distribution pattern of Ghrelin-producing cells in ovary of the mouse at four different developmental stages-puberty,pregnancy,lactation and after lactation. The immunohistochemical PV-9000 2-steps method was used.Ghrelin immunopositive cells were mainly found in ovocyte,interstitial cells,ovary medulla and corporalutea in ovary at the above four developmental stages.However,their distribution and intension were different.Those positive cells were stronger in the corporalutea at 8 days of pregnant mouse and 18 days of lactation mouse.Ghrelin immunopositive cells were mainly found in the germinal epithelium at 8 days of pregnant mouse.Ghrenlin was presented in ovary of four developmental stages and the most positive cells were found at pregnant mouse,which showed that Ghrelin may regulate the procreative function of mouse especially the pregnant mouse.0|6|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：The objective of this research is to study the effects of dietary sunflower seed(SS) on conjugated linoleic acid(CLA)content,Stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) and fatty acid synthase (FAS)gene expression in different tissues of growing sheep.Eighteen 3-month old male growing sheeps ((22.47 kg±0.62) kg) were randomly divided into two groups,where one group was fed basic dietary without SS (the Control Group) for 30 days,and the other group was fed experimental dietary with 6% SS (the Treatment Group) for 30 days.Results showed that supplementation of SS in dietary significantly increased the content of t11-C18:1,c9 and t11-CLA (P<0.01) in blood,and it also increased the content of c9 and t11-CLA in subcutaneus adipose tissue.The content of c9 and t11-CLA in perinephrit fat and liver had a growing tendency,while the content of c9 and t11-CLA in Longissimus dorsi muscles had no significant change.SCD gene expression of treatment group in subcutaneous fat increased 2.88 times (P<0.01),but there is no significantly change in liver and perinephrit fat(P>0.05).FAS gene expression of the treatment group in liver and perinephrit fat decreased significantly (P<0.05),while no significant change was observed in subcutaneous fat (P>0.05).Keywords：growning sheep;sunflower seed;CLA;SCD;FAS0|6|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：The purpose of this study is to discover high efficient and economical raw materials for commercial production of G.lucidum exopolysaccharide peptides (EPSP) in submerged culture.Twelve different souces (six carbon and six nitrogen sources) were used individually in 250 mL shake flask.The optimal carbon source was cornmeal for both EPSP production ((2.664±0.801) g/L) and cell growth ((4.559±0.150) g/L),the best nitrogen source was urea for EPSP production ((0.636±0.040) g/L),and the most favorable nitrogen source was soybean powder for cell growth ((2.222±0.256) g/L).Subsequently,the most advantageous combination in EPSP yield was cornmeal+soybean powder,which resulted in up to (4.366±0.434) g/L.The result of this study would be beneficial to industrial production of EPSP from G.lucidum.Keywords：Ganoderma lucidum;exopolysaccharide peptides;carbon source;nitrogen source;submerged culture1|7|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：A chitosanase gene from thermophilic Bacillus subtilis WY34 was cloned and expressed in E.coli.The recombinant chitosanase was purified and characterized.The chitosanase gene consisted of 723 bp and encodes a polypeptide of 240 amino acids residues.Homology analysis of gene sequences showed that the enzyme shared 98% identity with the chitosanase gene from Bacillus subtilis 168.Crude enzyme was purified to homogeneity by Ni-IDA affinity chromatography.The specific activity of the purified chitosanase was up to 1 051.8 U/mg.The optimal pH and temperature for the purified chitosanase were 6.0 and 45 ℃,respectively.The enzyme was stable below 40 ℃ and from pH 4.5 to 8.0.The chitosanase showed excellent hydrolysis ability towards chitosan and produced a mixture of chitobiose,chitotetraose and some chitooligosaccharides with a longer chain length.These results indicated that the enzyme was an endo-type chitosanase and might be a good candidate for biotechnological application to produce chitooligosaccharides.Keywords：Bacillus subtilis;chitosanase;purification;enzyme characterization0|6|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：To explore the effects of chitosan coating treatment on pods fibrosis of postharvest beans,the common bean pods were dipped into the chitosan solutions of 1,5 and 10 g/L,respectively.The results indicated that the increase of cutting velocity for crude fibre were inhibited when the common bean pods were treated with chitosan.After eight days storage,the cutting force and the fiber content of the common bean pots with chitosan treatment was 12.5% and 7.4%,respectively,which were both lower than the controls.The reason was that the activity increases of peroxidase (POD),polyphenol (PPO) and phenylalanin ammonialyase (PAL) were inhibited in the chitosan treated pods of common beans,which delays the process of fibre synthesis of common bean pods.After eight days storage,the activities of peroxidase (POD),polyphenol (PPO) and phenylalanin ammonialyase (PAL) in the common bean pots treated with 10 g/L chitosan was 21.8%,80.0% and 31.8%,respectively,which were lower than those without chitosan treatment.The results showed that the application of 10 g/L chitasan treatment was more effective than other treatments.Keywords：common bean;pods;chitosan;coating;fibrosis1|6|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：To study the quality changes of puffer fish during frozen storage, the processes kinetics were investigated at different temperatures during storage.The values of total Volatile Basic Nitrogen (TVB-N),salt-extractable protein content and sulfhydryl (SH) content at different storage temperatures (263,255,248 and 243 K) were measured to investigate the relationship between the time and temperature of storage.The kinetic models of TVB-N value,salt-extractable protein content and SH content with respect to storage time and temperature were developed based on Arrhenius equation.The high regression coefficients (R2＞0.9) indicated the acceptability of the first order reaction and Arrhenius model for predicting the changes of above parameters. Activation energies (EA) and rate constants (k0) for TVB-N value, salt-extractable protein content and SH content were obtained and they were 10.72 kJ/mol and 0.556, 26.79 kJ/mol and 2 668.20,and 20.68 kJ/mol and 186.52,respectively.The results indicate that TVB-N value increases with the increase of storage time and temperature,and salt-extractable protein content and SH content were turned out to be just opposite.Keywords：puffer fish;frozen storage;quality control;kinetic model0|6|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：The major nutrient components and fatty acid of tilapia were analyzed after six cooking treatments,including steaming,microwaving,microwave roasting,oven roasting,pan frying and pressure frying.The protein and fat content are 18.50% and 1.92%,respectively,in raw fillet,and the mass fraction of n-3 fatty acids 6.3%.After cooking,the moisture content decreased in all fillets,while the contents of protein and fat increased.Among all the cooking procedures,steamed tilapia maintained the highest moisture content (72.47%) and the lowest fat content (3.42%).Pan frying fillets had the highest fat content,while the pressure frying fillets had the lowest moisture content.The ratio of n-6/n-3 fatty acid in samples increased after all the treatments,however,steamed and pressure cooked fillets had the best retention for n-3 fatty acid and the lowest n-6/n-3 ratio.Keywords：tilapia;proximate;fatty acid;cooking0|6|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Flatfish bones were utilized for preparation of polypeptide chelated calcium (PCC) by the enzymatic method and the processing parameters of PCC were optimized.Functional properties of collagen polypeptide hydrolyzed at different times and pH were investigated.Optimal chelation reaction conditions for achieving maximum chelation rate were also investigated.The optimal statuses for solubility,heat stability and emulsion activity of collagen polypeptide were obtained when hydrolyzed at the conditions of pH of 8 and 60 ℃ for 1 h,pH of 8 and 40 ℃ for 40 min,and the volume ratio (collagen polypeptide solution/calcium-containing solution) of 3∶1 and the resultant chelation rate was 98.64%.Keywords：flatfish;collagen polypeptide;collagen polypeptide chelated calcium;chelation rate0|7|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：To alleviate the contradiction of ventilation and heat insulation in winter,a henhouse with attached sunspace,which combined is fit for a free-range system,was developed in this research.This design could make use of solar energy to effectively improve the air temperature,increase ventilation rate and reduce relative humidity and harmful gases concentrations.The temperature and humidity of air in the henhouse were measured under two different conditions,measured with the public doors opening in December and measured with airtight condition in January.It shows that the inner average relative humidity of air measured under the first condition is 8.5％ lower than that under the second one;The average air temperature of the sunspace could be maintained at above 15 ℃ from 10:00 to 16:00 during the day, according to the test in sunny days of December and January.It is completely suitable for the temperature requirements of a henhouse and avoids from doing harm to the free-range hens due to outdoor activities in cold weather.Keywords：henhouse;animal house design;attached sunspace;free-range mode;outdoor ground1|7|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Based on disaster risk assessment theory and typhoon risk forming mechanism,the risk zoning of typhoon disaster in Anhui province was established with the data of typhoon precipitation and extreme wind speed from meteorological stations from 1961 to 2009,integrating factors of nature,social economy,geography information data as well as typhoon-caused disaster.The results indicated that the high-risk area was mainly distributed in the eastern and southern of Dabie Mountains,the southwestern and eastern local of Jianghuai,and the hill of alongside Yangtze river.The low risk area was mainly in the northwest of Huaibei and the south regional of Jiangnan.The result of risk zoning was coincided with the actual situation by verifying the historical years of typhoon disasters and typical typhoon cases.Keywords：typhoon;risk zoning;GIS;Anhui Province0|6|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：With the increasing demand in tourism,China's agro-sightseeing parks in metropolitan areas increased rapidly both in numbers and types.How to classify these parks is a question which is worth exploring.Based on inducting,comparing and summarizing the previous classification of agro-sightseeing parks,and combining diagnosis of Beijing agro-sightseeing parks,the author proposes a "TWO-SIX-FIVE " classification method.The classification is established on the TWO bases of causes of formation and the state of existence,and covers SIX kinds of divisions of agro-sightseeing parks including the stages of comprehensive development,the covering size,of parks,business entities,geographical patterns,positioning functions,and the industrial structure.Upon comprehensively considering these six classification methods,the agro-sightseeing parks are divided into FIVE typical types,which include,tourism picking gardens,agricultural science and technology parks,public farms,comprehensive leisure farms and agricultural parks.Meanwhile,combining with case studies,the characteristics of different types of parks are analysed.The purpose of this paper is to facilitate identifying and classifying agro-sightseeing parks,to offer a reference for development and construction of agro-parks,and to provide a good basis for decision-making on the management of different types of agro-parks.Keywords：Beijing municipality;agro-sightseeing parks;agricultural parks;classification models;types of agro-parks3|8|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Grain storage of Chinese farm households is one important part of the grain storage system in China.There are many research papers on China's food security,but several on grain storage of Chinese farm households.The author reviewed recent research papers on grain storage of Chinese farm households and summarized findings in the aspects of the conception,measurement criteria,reserves estimation,breed structure,storage motives,the determinants of grain storage,grain storage models,the impacts on grain market and grain security,research significance.Finally,the problems related to grain storage of farm households are put forward which need to be studied continuously.Keywords：grain security;farm households;grain storage;determinants of grain storage0|6|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：The author builds a vector error correction model (VEC) of rural industrial structure deviation on rural economic growth,using econometric research methods,and on this basis,a comprehensive and detailed empirical analysis was conducted concerning the influence of the rural industrial structure and the rural empIoyment structure deviations on rural economic growth.Through the pulse analysis and variance decomposition to the relevant variables,the influence mechanism of the rural economic structure deviation on rural economic growth was well expIained.The results show that in the long-term equilibrium,there exists a cointegration relationship between rural industrial structure deviation and rural economic growth,and rural industrial structure deviation from related variables is Granger cause of rural economic growth related variables.In this model,the interaction of the rural industrial structure deviation and rural economic growth was described scientificly,and the inherent regularity of rural economic development was revealed,which has an important practical significance for the study of rural economic development.Keywords：rural areas;industrial structure;economic growth;econometrics;mathematical model;structural deviation0|10|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
