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- Abstract：In order to explore the security level of China's food security system and its subsystems at the present stage and identify the key obstacle factors affecting China's food security, based on the five subsystems of quantity security, quality security, resource security, ecological security and circulation security, the evaluation index system of China's food security is established. The entropy weight TOPSIS model and obstacle degree model are adopted to evaluate and diagnose the obstacle factors of China's food security(2000-2020). The results show that: 1)The overall level of China's food security can be divided into four stages including slow decline, rapid rise, rapid development and rapid improvement; 2)From the perspective of the five subsystems, the level of quantity security and resource security subsystems shows a rapid upward trend, the level of quality security subsystems showed a rapid decline first and then a slow upward trend, and the level of ecological security and circulation security subsystems is basically stable and shows a slow upward trend; 3)From the perspective of obstacle factor diagnosis, the obstacle factors affecting China's food security have transitioned from supply factors such as quantity security and resource security to sustainable factors such as quality security, circulation security and ecological security. China should take comprehensive measures from four aspects including establishing a new concept of national food security, building a modern agricultural system, enhancing the sustainable development capacity of the grain industry and improving the grain circulation system.Keywords：food security;entropy weight TOPSIS model;obstacle degree model;obstacle factors31|11|14<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：To explore the food security crisis in the context of the Russian-Ukrainian conflict, this study takes the food security issues in the Middle East and Africa as a case study based on the food market's supply, demand, and price data since the outbreak of the Russian-Ukrainian conflict. The results showed that the Russian-Ukrainian conflict triggered this round of food crises, resulting in an imbalance between the supply and demand of food, energy and fertilizers, and other related products, with prices rising across the board. The current round of food security crisis has exacerbated the region's destructive development of agricultural resources. At the same time, it has spread from point to area, resulting in a chain reaction and accelerated penetration of external forces into the Middle East and Africa, which severely impacted the social stability and sustainability development of the Middle East and Africa and profoundly affected the global food supply chain, agricultural trade, and investment patterns. The research believes that: The Middle East and Africa should improve the level of farm production and food self-sufficiency to enhance the ability to resist risks, increase the diversified use of external resources and technologies to improve their ability to respond to food crises, . At the same time, the Middle East and Africa should pay attention to the coordination role of international organizations to alleviate the pressure of food security and external instability caused by proliferation, improve the comprehensive management level of population size and population quality, and solve food security problems from a long-term perspective. In addition, as a practitioner of building a community with a shared future for humanity, China should give full play to the positive role of the Belt and Road Initiative, participate in food security governance in the Middle East and Africa, and contribute to the development of human society.Keywords：Russia-Ukraine conflict;the Middle East and Africa;food security;characteristics;impact;governance paths29|8|6<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：In order to explore the impacts of external features such as trusteeship factors and internal features such as operating characteristics on the decision-making on farmers' agricultural production trusteeship decisions, the Logit model and Interpretative. Structural Modeling were used to analyze the factors affecting the farmers' choice of agricultural production trusteeship and the correlation and hierarchical structure of different factors based on 2 060 farmer's production and operation data in 11 provinces and 44 counties. The influencing factors and the relationship between different factors and the hierarchical structure were studied. The results show that: 1)The main affect factors are eleven factors including cultivated area, planting income proportion, service price and demonstration effect. Among them, the service awareness and demonstration effect have a significant positive effect on the choice of agricultural production trusteeship, while the service price is negatively related to farmer's choice of trusteeship. Different operating characteristics and family characteristics significantly affect the choice of agricultural production trusteeship to a certain extent. 2)The results of stratified analysis show that there are four surface factors(the proportion of planting income, service prices, concurrent business conditions, and service awareness), two intermediate and indirect factors(farming convenience and demonstration effect)and five deep root factors(farming area, type of business entity, degree of land fragmentation, number of households and degree of economic development). 3)Each factor takes effect through three paths. Among them, the role of demonstration in improving farmers' cognition and decision-making is crucial. The management characteristics dominated by land characteristics is the main source and indirect driving factor, which can optimize farmers' production decisions by changing factor allocation, household income structure and trustee cost input. In conclusion, a policy recommendation of is put forward as follows: Benchmarking demonstrations should be strengthened to improve farmers' cognition, increase the construction of farmland infrastructure, strengthen the two-way adjustment mechanism between the market and the government to regulate service prices, etc. to promote the matching of supply and demand in the custody market and the sustainable development of the custody model effectively.Keywords：agricultural production trusteeship;farmers' production decisions;hierarchical structure;Logit model;interpretative structural modeling27|9|3<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：In order to ensure food safety and achieve sustainable agricultural development in Hetao Irrigation District, the limited agricultural water and land resources in Hetao Irrigation District are taken as study objects. Firstly, this study builds an evaluation system for food production safety, and the intuitionistic fuzzy analytic hierarchy process is used to calculate the weight of each evaluation index in the system. Secondly, the evaluation system is coupled with an optimal method to construct an new optimal model of food safety, economic benefits, equity and water conservation. The intuitionistic fuzzy analytic hierarchy process and fuzzy programming method are used to deal with the uncertainty in the decision-making process and water inflow information. Finally, the allocation strategies of agricultural water and land resources in irrigation areas under different credibility levels multiple conditions are analyzed. The results show that: 1)The intuitionistic fuzzy analytic hierarchy process can involve more decision-making information, which can better reflect the real situation of the Hetao Irrigation District; 2)The coupled model can effectively cope with the fuzzy uncertainty in the system, which can help the Hetao Irrigation District managers to weigh different risks and benefits when making policies; 3)Under the same available water volume, the current year(2011), the full objectives model and the new model after removing the food production safety objective in this study are used for scenario comparison, and the evaluation values are 0. 833 0, 0. 843 6, and 0. 798 4, respectively. The full objectives model is the best, which shows the combination of food production safety evaluation and the optimized method can effectively ensure and regulate the safety level of food production in Hetao Irrigation District while considering other objectives. In addition, by solving this model, a series allocation plans of agricultural water and land resource are generated in this study, which can provide decision support for the rational management of agricultural water and land resources and improve food production safety in the Hetao Irrigation District.Keywords：intuitionistic fuzzy analytic hierarchy process;food production safety evaluation;multi-objective optimization;fuzzy credibility constrained programming;Hetao Irrigation District31|8|4<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：In order to sort out the research context of ecological assets, the number of literature, scholars, research institutions and international scientific research network characteristics of ecological assets are analyzed by using knowledge map visualization technology, and the research hotspots and evolution processes in different periods are summarized. The results show that the number of publications on ecological assets research has been increasing since 1973, mainly focusing on ecology, geography, economics and sociology, among which the relevant scholars of ecology and geography play an important role in the study of ecological assets; research institutions with ecological and geographical advantages are the main force of ecological assets research, International cooperation is mainly distributed in countries with good economic development; the study of ecological assets has gone through three stages, the research hotspots in different stages have distinct characteristics of the times, which shows that the research on ecological assets is closely related to global macro policies. As nearly 30 countries and regions around the world have made the commitment of “carbon neutrality”, the value of ecological assets and comprehensive management of ecological assets will become the main research direction in the future.Keywords：bibliometrics;CiteSpace;ecological assets;hot spots;trend34|10|3<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：To accurately quantify the greenhouse gas(GHG)emission reduction of straw-based bio-natural gas(BNG)project, the GHG emission reduction measurement method of straw-based BNG project was firstly established based on the natural decomposition baseline of crop straws by referring to UNFCCC methodology and IPCC guidelines for national GHG inventory. The straw-based BNG project in Linzhang County, Hebei Province was taken as an example, the GHG emission reduction measurement method established was adopted to conduct an empirical study. The results show that: Based on the baseline of natural decomposition of crop straw, CDM methodology and emission factor method were used to construct the measurement methods of baseline emission, project operation emission, project leakage emission and net emission reduction of GHG from straw-based BNG project. Using this measurement method, the CO2 emission of the baseline of the straw-based BNG project in Linzhang County, Hebei Province in 2019 was 1. 25×105 t, the project emission(CO2)was 1. 21×104 t, the leakage emission is 10. 24 t, and the net emission reduction is 1. 13×105 t, which was equivalent to about 4. 19×104 t of standard coal CO2 emissions. Therefore, the GHG emission reduction measurement system of straw-based BNG project based on natural decomposition of straw constructed in this study is of great significance for improving the GHG emission reduction estimation methodology system of BNG project and comprehensively evaluating the GHG emission reduction effect of BNG project.Keywords：crop straw;natural decomposition;BHG;GHG;carbon reduction25|8|1<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Aiming at alleviating soil acidification, improving soil quality and productivity of farmland in Fujian Province, this study chose the farmland of Fujian Province as the research object. The geo-statistics, ArcGIS and random forest modelling methods were used to analyze the 4 261 farmland surface soils pH and explore the spatial distribution of soil pH and main driving factors in Fujian Province. The results showed that the farmland soil pH in Fujian Province displayed a decreasing trend from the southeast coast to the inland mountainous areas. The range of soil pH was 3. 00 to 9. 62, and the average value and coefficient of variation were 5. 35 and 14. 95%, respectively. The soil pH of 69. 3% farmlands had soil pH lower than 5. 5. The soil pH in Nanping City, Sanming City, Longyan City, Ningde City and Zhangzhou City were 5. 09, 5. 16, 5. 21, 5. 22 and 5. 42. More than 70% of the farmland soil pH in above cities were lower than 5. 5. However, the soil pH of more than 50% of farmlands in Xiamen City(5. 58), Quanzhou City(5. 90), Fuzhou City(5. 62)and Putian City(5. 96)was higher than 5. 5. It was found that altitude, mean annual precipitation(MAP), soil organic matter(SOM), soil texture, soil type and crop type significantly affected soil pH. The soil pH had significant negative correlation with altitude, precipitation and soil organic matter. The pH of sandy soil was 5. 38, which was significantly higher than that of loamy(5. 20)and clay soil(5. 14). The pH of coastal saline soil was 6. 36, which was significantly higher than that of fluvo-aquic soil, paddy soil, lateritic red soil, purple soil, yellow soil and red soil. The pH of yellow soil and red soil were significantly lower than that of fluvo-aquic soil and paddy soil, and there was no significant difference between the fluvo-aquic soil and paddy soil. The soil pH of tea garden was 4. 67, which was significantly lower than that of orchard, vegetable, flue-cured tobacco, rice, tuber and oil crops. While the soil pH of oil crops, vegetable and tuber crops were significantly higher than that of rice, flue-cured tobacco and orchards, there was no significant difference in soil pH among rice and flue-cured tobacco. Random forest model analysis showed that soil organic matter and altitude were the most important factors driving the change of soil pH, followed by precipitation and crop types. Overall, nearly 70% of the farmland soils in Fujian Province were at the acid or strong acid level. The agricultural measures such as integrated nutrient management and additional application of alkaline materials are recommended to improve soil pH and promote the sustainable land use in this study.Keywords：Fujian Province;soil pH;spatial distribution characteristics;driving factors;soil organic matter31|14|11<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：In order to efficiently explore and utilize foxtail millet germplasm resources, based on the nineteen quantitative and qualitative trait data of 1 237 foxtail millet resources collected by investigation, the foxtail millet resources were grouped by geographical ecological region and panicle type. UPGMA cluster analysis and intra-class random sampling method were used in this study to identifying foxtail millet backbone germplasm. The representativeness of foxtail millet backbone germplasm was evaluated by range, phenotypic retention ratio and phenotypic correlation. The principal component analysis and histogram were used to confirm the foxtail millet backbone germplasm identified. The results showed that: A total of 118 backbone germplasms were identified, accounting for 9. 9% of the total resources, including 20 foreign varieties(17. 09%), 56 farm varieties(47. 86%), 5 wild varieties(4. 28%), and 36 bred varieties(30. 77%). The results of significance analysis showed that the mean value, coefficient of variation and Shannon-Weaver diversity index of phenotypic traits of foxtail millet backbone germplasm were not significantly different from resources(P>0. 05), and the distribution range and phenotype retention ratio of all resources were retained. The correlations between phenotypic traits and phenotypic traits displayed the same genetic structure and distribution frequency. In conclusion, the backbone germplasm bank constructed in this study can represent the genetic variation and population structure of all resources, reduce the genetic population in all resources, and can be used in evaluation of foxtail millet resources and cultivation of new varieties.Keywords：foxtail millet;phenotypic traits;backbone germplasm;representativeness evaluation34|12|9<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：In order to analyze the effect of ultrasonic treatment duration on wheat seed vigor and related gene expression, difference ultrasonic treatment times(0(CK), 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 min)were designed to pre-treat wheat seeds. Based on RNA-seq analysis, this study chose the differentially expressed genes that enhanced seed vigor by ultrasonic, and used these genes for GO classification and KEGG enrichment analysis. The result showed that the wheat seed vitality of 30 min treatment was the highest, and have significant difference with other treatments. The 30 min ultrasonic treatment significantly increased the proline content, SOD, CAT and POD activities of wheat seedlings than those of CK group at the germination time point of 0 h. Meanwhile, the SOD, CAT and proline contents of seedlings 72 h after germination were significantly higher than those of untreated control. Transcriptome analysis showed that there were 1 723 DEGs between 0 min control group and 30 min ultrasonic treatment group at germination of 0 and 72 h. GO enrichment analysis showed that the regulation of seed vigor under ultrasonic treatment mainly concentrated on oxidation-reduction process, carbohydrate metabolic process, response to oxidative stress and hydrogen peroxide catabolic process in terms of biological process, and extracellular region, apoplast, cell wall and extracellular space in terms of cell components, meanwhile, oxidoreductase activity, monooxygenase activity and peroxidase activity in terms of molecular function. KEGG enrichment analysis showed that the three pathways with the most significant enrichment were glutathione metabolism(ko00480), metabolic pathway(ko01100)and tryptophan metabolism(ko00380), respectively. Among them, a total of 32 differentially expressed genes(DEGs)were enriched in glutathione metabolism pathway.Keywords：ultrasonic treatment;wheat;seed vigor;transcriptome analysis35|14|2<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：In order to explore the effects of epibrassinosteroid(EBR)on the growth and tuber quality of potato planted in saline soil, three potato varieties ‘Youjin', ‘Dongnong 310' and ‘Dongnong 312' were used as the research objects under potted planting condition. NaCl solution was applied to soil matrix at the tuber formation stage, and epibrassinolide with different concentrations(0. 02 and 0. 10 mg/L)was sprayed on the leaves, with no NaCl and no EBR treatment as CK. Then, leaf physiological indexes(SOD activity and MDA content), maximum photochemical efficiency of PSII(Fv/Fm)and chlorophyll relative content(SPAD)of leaves were measured every fifteen days. Yield and tuber quality of potato were measured at maturity stage. The results showed that: The SOD activity, SPAD, and Fv/Fm of the leaves of the three potato varieties were significantly decreased and the MDA content was significantly increased under NaCl stress. The changes of each index were opposite after spraying EBR. Under NaCl stress, Fe content in tubers of the three varieties decreased by 22. 97%-46. 43% and K content decreased by 34. 84%-41. 67% compared with CK. Spraying EBR increased the Fe content in the tubers of plants under NaCl stress by 36. 11%-163. 66% and the K content by 30. 41%-257. 61%. Moreover, after NaCl stress treatment, the starch quality per plant, dry matter content and starch content of ‘Youjin' and ‘Dongnong 310' tubers of treatment A were significantly lower than those of CK, and the starch quality per plant of the three varieties with 0. 02 mg/L EBR was increased by 19. 03%-27. 85% compared with that of treatment A. In conclusion, spraying 0. 02 mg/L EBR could significantly reduce the adverse effects of soil salinization on the growth and tuber quality of potato.Keywords：potato;NaCl;EBR;growth;tuber28|9|4<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：To study the effects of nutrient solution renewal frequency and supply method on the growth, yield and quality of cucumber under closed inorganic substrate recirculating system to establish a nutrient solution management model for cucumber under closed cultivation mode. Using cucumber variety Jing Yan 118 as the experimental material and a closed inorganic substrate circulating tank culture solution supply system was used in this study. A total of 5 treatments were designed. The salt accumulation in root zone solution, water use efficiency and fertilizer partial productivity were comprehensively analyzed. The results showed that: As the nutrient solution replacement decreased, cucumber plant height, stem thickness, yield, the contents of vitamin C, soluble sugar, soluble solid and soluble protein all decreased. During the whole growth period, the EC value of cucumber root region increased with the extension of growth period. With the prolongation of growth period, the imbalance of ion ratio in closed liquid supply becomes more and more serious, and with the decrease of nutrient solution replacement frequency, the imbalance of ion ratio becomes more and more serious. In conclusion, the nutrient solution renewal frequency should be replaced every 5 days(T2), and it is a suitable nutrient solution management mode for closed trough cultivation of cucumbers, which can ensure both the quality of cucumber and higher yield。Keywords：cucumber;nutrient solution;root zone solution;salt accumulation;water use efficiency25|10|1<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：To clarify the correlation between the number of Frankliniella intonsa in tea garden and the biochemical substances in tea, the content of biochemical substances in tea was determined by HPLC-ELSD method. Pearson correlation analysis, path analysis and regression analysis were then adopted to analyze the number of F. intonsa in 9 kinds of tea in tea garden. The close relationship between the content of different biological substances and the number of F. intonsa was obtained, and a comprehensive comparison and analysis were conducted. The results of Pearson correlation analysis showed that the number of F. intonsa was significantly positively correlated with sugar content in tea, and negatively correlated with catechins. Through path analysis, the absolute value of path coefficient of oligomeric proanthocyanidins and F. intonsa was the largest, followed by sugars and catechins, and the path coefficient of oligomeric proanthocyanidins and sugars was positive and catechins was negative. The results of regression analysis showed that sugar and catechins were still the two most significant biochemical substances related to the number of F. intonsa. Therefore, in order to avoid the damage of F. intonsa during tea planting, tea plants with low sugar content or high catechin content can be selected. The results provide a scientific basis for insect resistant breeding of F. intonsa.Keywords：Frankliniella intonsa;Pearson correlation coefficient;gey correlation degree;path analysis;regression analysis26|11|1<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：In order to explore the differences of liver tissues at different growth and development stages between dairy cow and beef cattle, the differential expression and expression trend of liver tissues of dairy cattle and beef cattle at different growth and development stages of 6 months, 9 months and 12 months were studied by using RNA-Seq technology and bioinformatics methods. The results showed that: 1)About 699, 486 and 769 differentially expressed genes between Hereford and Holstein cattle were obtained at 6, 9 and 12 months of age, respectively; 2)The functional annotation of differentially expressed genes between Hereford and Holstein cattle showed that the expression levels of differentially expressed genes in cytochrome P450 signaling pathway and PPAR signaling pathway were different between beef and dairy cattle, and the expression levels were also different at different growth stages. Among them, the functional genes related to adipocyte proliferation and lipid metabolism, ACOX1, APOA1 and ACADM, BoLA-DQB, BLA-DQB and BoLA-DQA5 in the natural immunity-related pathways, were all expressed in Hereford higher than Holstein; 3)STEM analysis results showed that Holstein and Hereford cattle had the same expression trend in liver tissues during growth and development stage, and there were differences in the sequential expression genes and metabolic pathway related signaling pathways between beef and dairy cattle. In conclusion, this study shows that pathways related to lipid metabolism and lipogenesis may have different roles and expression patterns in synergistically regulating the growth and development of dairy and beef cattle. This study provides certain basic data for the in-depth study of the comparison between dairy and beef cattle in the growth and development stages.Keywords：liver;diary cattle;beef;Short Time-Series Expression Miner;growth26|8|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：In order to more accurately obtain the full-length mRNA sequences and complete structural information of cashmere goat skin, and conduct more comprehensive research on new genes and ISO form, and supplement the cashmere goat transcriptome data, cashmere goat was used as an experimental animal in the study. The full-length transcriptome of mixed samples of cashmere goat skin tissue using SMRT sequencing technology as test animals were sequenced. The sequences of coding regions and their corresponding amino acid sequences, variable splice types, and functional enrichment were predicted by using TransDecoder, Astalavista, Cytoscape and other analysis tools. The results showed that: 1)A total of 42. 41 Gb of clean data were obtained by sequencing, with 591 585 CCS(Circular consensus sequencing)sequences, including 466 058 full-length non-chimeric sequences. 2)A total of 6 166 new genes, 55 875 new transcripts, 66 951 SSR(Simple Sequence Repeat), 39 346 ORF(Open Reading Frame)sequences, 5 641 TF(Transcription Factors)and 10 927 lncRNAs were identified, and the functional annotation of 49 573 new transcripts were annotated. 3)Based on the results of functional enrichment analysis and variable splice site information, we found that melanocortin 1 receptor(MC1R)and microtubulin class 3(Tubulin-β-III, TUBB3)could undergo variable splicing and share TUBB3 first exon. There were 8 251 new lncRNAs identified, and the main type was intronic lncRNA. In conclusion, the full-length sequence and complete structural information of the mRNA of the skin of cashmere goat is obtained, which lays the foundation for further study of the gene structure and interaction mechanism of the skin of cashmere goat. At the same time, the data are supplemented for cashmere goat genome resources.Keywords：Cashmere goat;SMRT;lncRNA;alternative splicing28|9|2<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：In order to further explore the pathogenicity of nonreplicating Toxoplasma uracil auxotrophs(NRTUAs)in mice, mice were infected with NRTUAs or Δku80 strain to detect parasite load for each group daily and the transcriptional levels of related splenic cytokines within 1 to 3 days after parasite infection. The results indicated that: 1)NRTUAs were not completely removed from the mice within 7 days. NRTUAs stimulated the spleen of mice to up-regulate the expression of IL-12, TNF-α and IL-10, which induced a mild inflammatory response. 2)While mice infected with Δku80 strain were dead within 6 days and the average parasite load was higher than that of NRTUAs infected mice. Δku80 strain stimulated the spleen of mice to up-regulate the expression of IL-12, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IFN-γ and IL-10, which induced severe inflammatory response to cause the death of mice. In summary, the pathogenicity of NRTUAs to mice was low and the average parasite load was less than that of Δku80 strain infected mice. The inflammatory response of mice stimulated by NRTUAs was lighter than that of Δku80 strain infected mice. This study laid a theoretical foundation for the application of NRTUAs as immunopotentiator in livestock and poultry breeding.24|10|3<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：In order to understand the research status of Artemisia plant extracts on the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory functions of livestock and poultry and their anti-tumor activity. The paper collated relevant literature and made a summary and analysis. The results show that: 1)Artemisia plant extracts can effectively improve the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory functions of livestock and poultry, and have pro-apoptotic effects on human or xenografted tumor cells in mice. 2)Artemisia plant extracts reduce the generation of free radicals by chelating metal ions or increasing the reducing power of iron ions, and activate endogenous defense pathways(Keap1-Nrf2/ARE and PI3K/Akt-Keap1-Nrf2/ARE)to up-regulate antioxidants The expression of enzymes, thereby alleviating the oxidative stress of the body. 3)Artemisia plant extracts inhibit the production of excessive NO through HO-1/GPX-NF-κB, TLR4/NF-κB and MAPK-NF-κB and other pathways, thereby reducing inflammatory response. 4)Artemisia plant extracts can stimulate the generation of ROS in tumor cells through the above signaling pathways, or induce tumor cell apoptosis by promoting the activation of caspase protein family and disrupting the cell cycle through the mitochondrial pathway. To sum up, Artemisia extracts can promote the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory functions of livestock and poultry by activating related signaling pathways, but they are not conducive to the mining of multifunctional proteins and intermediate metabolites in the signaling pathway, as well as the interaction between pathways. The interaction is still in the exploratory stage. The development and innovation of technology will promote more in-depth research on the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor functions of Artemisia plant extracts, and will also provide theoretical guidance in more dimensions for practical production.28|9|1<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：In order to explore the optimal ratio of carbon and nitrogen in anaerobic fermentation of raw materials far away from animal husbandry areas, this study used switchgrass and alfalfa as experimental materials, and carried out batch fermentation experiments with the same solid content and different five ratio of switchgrass and alfalfa. Different TS ratios of switchgrass and alfalfa were as follows: A was 0∶4; B was 1∶3; C was 1∶1; D was 3∶1; E was 4∶0. Through the analysis of gas production, pH, volatile fatty acids and microbial community changes, the nutrient balance and methane production characteristics of fermentation system were investigated. The results showed that: The gas production of five proportions digester had a three-peak curve, the first peak appeared after day 1, the second peak appeared after 5-8 days, the third peak appeared after 9-12 days, and then decreased. The gas production peak of A, B and C with more alfalfa appeared earlier and basically ended on the 9th day. With the increase of switchgrass proportion, the gas production peak was delayed later. The group D ended on the 12th day, and E with all switchgrass ended on the 15th day. During this period, the 5 different ratios completed 95. 6%, 93. 3%, 93. 8%, 94. 4%, 97. 2% of the total gas production, respectively. With the increase of switchgrass proportion, the cumulative gas production of five ratios increased respectively by 291. 7, 287. 7, 320. 3, 357. 4 and 362. 2 mL/g VS, and pH decreased and volatile fatty acid accumulated obviously. Although the gas production of pure switchgrass was highest, the stability of digester was decreased. The group D of substrate significantly improved the balance of carbon and nitrogen and buffering capacity of digester, thus improved the stability of fermentation system. The microbial community of the 5 groups was analyzed and compared. The results showed that the dominant bacteria were Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes, and the dominant archaea were Methanosaetaceae(Mst)and Methanobacteriales(MBT). In conclusion, The mixture of switchgrass and alfalfa with solid content 3∶1 is beneficial to the proliferation of hydrolytic bacteria and methanogenic bacteria and methanogenic reaction.Keywords：switchgrass;alfalfa;anaerobic co-fermentation;carbon nitrogen horizontal;gas production efficiency;marginal land24|8|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Aiming at the problems of the high difficulty and only few methods of yield estimation in small-scale tea plantations, a YOLOv5-based target detection algorithm and field sampling method were combined to study the yield estimation problem of small-scale tea plantations in hilly areas. Firstly, nine representative tea growing points were randomly chosen in a tea plantation, and YOLOv5-based target detection algorithm was adopted to identify the number of tea buds at the sampling points. Secondly, the linear relationship between the yield and the number of tea buds was fitted through the least square method. Finally, the yield of tea buds in the tea plantation was estimated by combining the number of shoots identified at the sampling points, the area of the sampling points, the linear fitting relationship and the overall area of the tea plantation. The results indicate that: 1)The highest accuracy of the YOLOv5-based target detection algorithm for tea buds identification reaches 99. 02%, with an average accuracy of 90. 14%; 2)There is a highly linear relationship between the number of tea buds and yield, and the determination coefficient R2 is 0. 999 8; 3)The relative error between the estimated tea buds yield and the actual harvest yield is 29. 56%. In general, the method constructed in this study can estimate the yield of tea buds in tea plantations. This study provides farmers with yield-related data support more comprehensively and conveniently during the tea growing period, which facilitates the preliminary management of tea production.Keywords：tea production estimation;tea bud recognition;machine vision;YOLOv539|12|2<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：The surface soil of farmland contains more stones can easily cause water, soil and fertilizer losses, which affects crop growth and reduce the service life of soil-touching agricultural machinery. Aiming at the problem, this study designed a shovel-screen type farmland stone picking and collecting machine to pick and collect stones in the depth range of 0 to 350 mm soil surface layer, and applied the discrete element method and field test to optimize the working parameters of the machine. The numerical simulation of the interaction process between the conveying-separating screen and the stone-soil mixture was carried out by EDEM software. The Box-Behnken simulation experiment was designed to study the effects of three working parameters(linear speed, amplitude and vibrating frequency)of the conveying-separating screen on the screening and conveying process of stone-soil mixture and optimize the working parameters of the conveying-separating screen with the soil content ratio of the stone-soil mixture in the collecting box as the evaluation index. Field test was conducted with the simulation-optimized working parameters to verify the operational performance of the implements, and the optimized result of the simulation was compared with that of the field test. The results showed that amplitude, linear speed, and vibrating frequency all had significant effects on soil content ratio; Soil content ratio increased with increasing linear speed and decreased with increasing amplitude and vibrating frequency; Linear speed and amplitude had significant interactive effects on soil content; The effects of the three on soil content ratio weakened in turn; The optimal parameter combination was a linear speed of 1. 6 m/s, an amplitude of 35. 5 mm, and an vibrating frequency of 10. 67 Hz, and the soil content ratio of the simulation experiment under these conditions was 7. 17%. The soil content ratio of the field test under the optimal parameter combination was 10. 73%, which was less different from the simulation result under the same conditions, indicating that the working parameters optimized by simulation were accurate and reliable. The stone leakage rate in the field test was 4. 86%, which was in accordance with the relevant standards.Keywords：stone picker;conveying-separating screen;stone-soil mixture;screening;EDEM33|8|4<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：In order to solve the problem of large miss-seeding rate during the sowing process of the spoon-chain potato seeder, a detection method of “dislocation positioning method” was proposed. A miss-seeding monitoring and reseeding system was designed. The miss-seeding monitoring system was composed of a permanent magnet array, hall sensor and diffuse reflection photoelectric sensor with ATmega2560 microcontroller. A reseeding device combining V-shaped reseeding track guidance and electromagnet strike was proposed. The performance of the potato miss-seeding detection and reseeding system was investigated. The results showed that: The detection accuracy of the potato miss-seeding monitoring system was 96. 54%. The reseeding qualified rate was larger than 89. 0% with electrification time of mos tube of 250 ms at 0. 20 to 0. 40 m/s. When the striking baton was cylindrical in shape, 30 mm in diameter and 50 mm in length, the strike success rate was 97. 4%. At the field angle and inclination angle of V-shaped reseeding track guidance were respectively 90° and 30°, the qualified rate of reseeding was 95. 33%, and the leakage rate and blockage rate were 1. 0% and 0. 67%, respectively. In conclusion, the miss-seeding monitoring and reseeding system constructed in this study can significantly decrease the seed-missing rate of potato.Keywords：potato seeder;spoon-chain seed metering device;miss-seeding monitoring system;reseeding device;reseeding qualified rate34|8|1<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：In order to solve the problems of distrust of data sharing and decision execution and unverifiable equipment decision-making in current intelligent greenhouse group, a scheme of data sharing and decision collaboration in the intelligent greenhouse group based on consortium blockchain and artificial neural network is proposed. The scheme builds the interactive process of the data provider, the data decision maker and the decision analyst based on consortium blockchain. Based on the smart contract technology, a period data is saved by hash on blockchain and send to the data decision maker by the data provider, which verifies data hash in an on-blockchain and off-blockchain way. After training the artificial neural network algorithms with the trusted intelligent greenhouse environmental data calibrated on blockchain, the data decision maker saves the decision results on blockchain; After querying the decision results from blockchain, the decision analyst mobilizes the execution of the control device and saves the execution state on blockchain. Based on Hyperledger Fabric, a prototype system is constructed, and the test results showed that: 1)The scheme can realize the hash data storage and the data sharing of the data provider, decision model training, the decision-making data on-blockchain and the execution of the decision-making process on-blockchain; 2)Under the condition that the maximum number of blocks and the maximum storage bytes are determined, when the block packaging time is 4 s, the average delay of data storage to the alliance chain is at least 30. 4 s, and the maximum throughput is 27. 3 transaction/s. The scheme can realize the trusted sharing of intelligent greenhouse data, improve the authenticity verification of decision execution results.Keywords：intelligent greenhouse group;consortium blockchain;data sharing;decision collaboration;creditability25|10|2<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：The aim of this study was to study the efficiency of cultivated land utilization under the background of rapid population growth. Taking Dongting Lake area of Hunan Province as an example, based on a dynamic network two-stage DEA model, the efficiency of cultivated land utilization of 21 counties(cities or districts)from 2017 to 2019 was measured, and its spatial-temporal characteristics were analyzed. Pearson correlation model and Tobit regression model were adopted to study the relationship between cultivated land utilization efficiency at different stages and its external influencing factors. The results show that: 1)From 2017 to 2019, the systemic efficiency of cultivated land utilization of 21 counties(cities and districts)in Dongting Lake area display a upward trend at first and a downward trend after, and the efficiency of production stage increases first and then decreased in most areas. The efficiency value in consumption stage shows a steady upward trend. 2)From the global perspective, the efficiency of cultivated land utilization system and consumption stage in Dongting Lake area show the trends of high in the east and low in the west, and high in the south and low in the north; The efficiency of cultivated land production stage is high in the east and low in the west, high in the north and low in the south. From the local perspective, the spatial polarization phenomenon is more prominent. Comparatively, the consumption stage has a greater impact on systemic efficiency with correlation coefficients of 0. 861. 3)The external influencing factors of the efficiency values of the system and different sub-stages are different, involving economic and social conditions, urban and rural development level, agricultural infrastructure construction, natural conditions, etc. In conclusion, the utilization of cultivated land should be regarded as a system. The dynamic two-stage DEA model constructed in this study can measure the efficiency of the utilization of cultivated land in Dongting Lake area at different periods and stages, depict the spatial-temporal differentiation patterned, and explore the influence mechanism of external factors on the system. This study can provide a scientific basis for the efficient and high-quality development of cultivated land.Keywords：cultivated land utilization efficiency;two-stage;spatiotemporal analysis;network DEA model;Tobit model;Dongting Lake area27|10|8<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：In order to study the effect of regulation on the green production behavior of farmers' cooperatives, this study uses 695 micro-survey data of farmers' cooperatives in Sichuan Province and Oprobit model to test the influence and interaction of incentive and restrictive regulation on cooperatives. The results show that: 1)The regulation of farmers' cooperatives can promote the members to participate in green production, and the incentive regulation is more obvious than the restrictive regulation. 2)On the level of Heterogeneity, cooperative regulation can encourage members with large scale of production and high level of education to participate in green production, while small scale, low income groups and less developed areas are more suitable for incentive regulation. 3)The regulatory effect of decentralized cooperatives on the productive behavior of its members is obviously weakened, and economic incentives can effectively alleviate the problem. The restrictive regulation effect of village committee-led cooperatives is obviously greater than that of the individual-led cooperatives, and the restrictive regulation effect of completely horizontal cooperatives is stronger. 4)The restrictive regulation and the incentive regulation of cooperatives play a negative role, that is, the strengthening of the restrictive regulation weakens the intensity of the incentive regulation, the strengthening of incentive regulation will also reduce the restrictive effect to a certain extent. Based on this, the study proposes to strengthen the economic incentive to the less-developed areas, small-scale and low-income members, and strengthen the restrictive effect of the rigid system on the economically developed areas and the members with higher resource endowment. The restrictive or incentive regulations are selected according to the characteristics of the cooperative management model, the leading Party and the product marketing.Keywords：farmers' cooperative;restrictive regulation;incentive regulation;green production25|9|8<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
