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- Abstract：In order to explore the characteristics and laws of frost disaster in winter wheat(Triticum aestivum)growth period in northern Huang-Huai-Hai Plain, the linear tendency estimation, Mann-Kendall method, and R/S analysis method are used to comprehensively analyze the temporal and spatial variation characteristics of frost disasters. The main results obtained are as follows: 1)The annual average temperature shows a consistent upward trend, and the temperature rises in the north. The rate is higher than that in the southern region. 2)The first frost is delayed in the study area, the last frost is advanced, and the frost-free period is extended. The spatial manifestation of the delayed trend of the first frost is the southern region significantly more than the northern region. The spatial manifestation of the last frost advance trend is the southern region significantly more than the northern regions, and the frost-free period is extended to the southern region more than northern region. 3)The mutation of the first frost happened in 2006, and the last frost date in the region occurred in 1992, the first frost was postponed from 2007 to 2017 and the last frost was advanced from 1993 to 2017. The growth period of winter wheat was mutated in 2004, and the growth period was significantly shortened from 2005 to 2013; 4)The occurrence frequency of frost during the growth period of winter wheat increased by 42% on average, and the frequency of frost occurrence significantly increased.Keywords：winter wheat;growth period;frost;Huang-Huai-Hai Plain17|14|4<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：In order to explore the effect of uniform planting pattern and N application rate on the colony, photosynthesis and dry matter accumulation of winter wheat, experiments were carried out to determine the tillering heading, leaf area Index, net photosynthetic rates, dry matter accumulation, transport and yield formation of winter wheat. ‘Xindong 22'(‘XD 22')and ‘Xindong 46'(‘XD 46')were taken as study material. Split-plot experiment design was applied, the main plot was the planting patterns of the main plot were uniforming(UN)and drilling(DR), and the N application rate levels of subplot were 0, 150, 300, 450 and 600 kg/hm2, where were marked as N0, N150, N300, N450 and N600, respectively. The results showed that: 1)With the increase of N application rate, the number of stems per plant, number of panicles, and LAI of wheat increased. The number of stems per plant, number of panicles and LAI were also increased, especially at the filling stage. 2)With the increase of N application rate, the net photosynthetic rate in wheat leaves were firstly increased and then decreased. Uniform planting increased the net photosynthetic rate of wheat leaves, especially the net photosynthetic rate of middle and lower canopy leaves. 3)With the increase of nitrogen application, the stem sheath, leaf dry matter accumulation, dry matter transfer volume and transport rate of vegetative organs, dry matter transport contribution rate of vegetative organs to grains, spikelet, grains per spike and yield of wheat before flower first increased and then decreased. Compared with the regular planting, the uniform planting increased the dry matter transport volume, transport rate and yield of vegetative organs of wheat plants, spikelet, grains per spike and the yield of the two varieties reached the maximum at the level of N300 and N450. At the levels of N0, N150, N300, N450 and N600, the production of uniform planting ratio of ‘XD 22' respectively increased by 11. 79%, 5. 36%, 4. 55%, 5. 24%, 8. 73%, and of ‘XD 46' increased by 10. 98%, 7. 07%, 14. 81% and 14. 55%, 16. 10%. To sum up, the uniform planting pattern improved the population structure, the photosynthetic characteristics of middle and lower layer of winter wheat plants. It also promoted the transfer of organs to grain dry matter accumulation and nutrition, and increase production. and the yield increases were the highest at N applications of 300 and 450 kg/hm2.Keywords：winter wheat;uniform planting pattern;N application;photosynthesis;yield9|12|15<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：In order to screen cold-tolerant indexes at the germination stage of rice and establish a reliable mathematical evaluation model for the cold tolerance at the germination stage, 49 rice germplasm resources were selected in this study, and 9 indicators including germination rate(GR), germination potential(GP), relative germination rate(RGR), relative germination potential(RGP), germination index(GI), promptness index(PI), mean germination time(MGT), germination coefficient(GC)and seedling rate(SR)were measured. The principal components and membership functions were analyzed to comprehensively evaluate the cold tolerance of rice at the germination stage. The 49 rice varieties were divided into 5 grades according to their comprehensive evaluation values(D)of cold tolerance at the germination stage. Among them, the varieties with particularly strong cold tolerance(IRIS 313-11965, IRIS 313-8956 and IRIS 313-11038, D is ranged from 0. 790 to 0. 830), strong cold tolerance(IRIS 313-11944 and other 17 varieties, D is range from 0. 609 to 0. 745), moderate cold-tolerant varieties(IRIS 313-11049 and other 7 varieties, D is ranged from 0. 503 to 0. 576), weak cold-tolerant varieties(IRIS 313-11986 and other 13 varieties, D is ranged from 0. 364 to 0. 482), varieties with particularly weak cold tolerance(IRIS 313-10891 and other 9 varieties, D is ranged from 0. 187 to 0. 282). Stepwise regression analysis was used to obtain the optimal regression equation for cold tolerance during the germination stage of rice: D=0. 326+0. 020GI+0. 021SR-0. 028MGT+0. 025PI+0. 012GR+0. 137RGP. A total of 6 indicators were selected as follows: germination rate, relative germination potential, germination index, promptness index, mean germination time and seedling rate. These 6 indicators displayed significant impact on the cold tolerance of rice at the germination stage. In conclusion, under low temperature stress conditions, these 6 indicators can be used to quickly and accurately identify and evaluate the cold tolerance of rice varieties at the germination stage.Keywords：rice;cold tolerance at the germination stage;principal component analysis;cluster analysis;comprehensive evaluation13|13|10<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：In order to explore the effect of drip irrigation belt configuration and film mulching patterns on the yield formation characteristics of sugar-beet, beet variety ‘beta379'was used as test material, and a split plot block test was conducted in Anning Experimental Area Base of Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences. There were two kinds of drip irrigation belt designs in the main area, which were double row and single pipe(D1), and double row and double pipe(D2). There were four kinds of film mulching methods in the sub area, which were bare land(M1), black film(M2), single layer white film(M3), and double layer white film(M4). The dynamic changes of functional leaf area(the fourth leaf from the top, L4), biomass accumulation and distribution, root tuber yield and sugar yield of sugar beet were investigated, and the correlation among the main character was analyzed. The results showed that the leaf area of the last fourth leaf increased by 8. 77% in the double tube drip irrigation treatment than that in the single tube drip irrigation treatment, which caused the sugar beet entered the rapid growth period(t1)10 d earlier and the end stage of rapid growth(t2)was delayed for 12 days. Consequently, the growth characteristic value(GT)was increased by 11. 24%, root shoot ratio was increased by 8. 53%, and single root weight, sugar content, yield and sugar yield were increased by 30. 46%, 1. 10%, 31. 47% and 32. 76%, respectively. The irrigation water utilization efficiency of yield and sugar yield were increased by 31. 47% and 32. 84%, respectively. Compared with bare land(M1), the double white film treatment(M4)had 10. 49% green area of the L4, 7. 55% higher growth characteristic value(GT)of sugar beet, 18. 52% higher root shoot ratio(P<0. 05). Therefore, the double tube and double white film model(D2M4)can effectively increase the yield and irrigation water use efficiency(IWUE)of sugar-beet in Xinjiang planting area.Keywords：sugar beet;drip irrigation;mulching mode;yield;water use10|12|2<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：In this study, the effects of different fertilization treatments on cucumber dry matter accumulation, photosynthetic characteristics, nutrient element allocation, quality and yield were investigated under microporous film irrigation. The optimal fertilization amount suitable for cucumber cultivation and production was defined. There were 5 treatments under microporous film irrigation: 57. 0 kg/667 m2(FA), 69. 0 kg/667 m2(FB), 81. 0 kg/667 m2(FC), 93. 0 kg/667 m2(FD)and 105. 0 kg/667 m2(FE), and fertilization with furrow irrigation under plastic film as the control. The results showed that: 1)The net photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate were the highest in FC treatment, and the lowest in FE treatment and FD treatment, respectively. 2)FC treatment promoted accumulation of P, and P content in roots, stems and leaves were significantly increased compared that in CK. With the increase of soil depth, theN, P and K contents in the soil gradually were decreased under FC treatment. 3)The content of vitamin C was the highest in both FC and FD treatment and was respectively increased by 64. 5% and 78. 5% compared with those of FE treatment, which was the lowest. The soluble protein content was also the largest under FC treatment and was significantly higher than that of CK treatment. 4)The yield, irrigation water use efficiency and fertilizer partial productivity under FB and FC treatment were significantly higher than those of CK. The results of comprehensive evaluation concluded that the amount of fertilization suitable for cucumber cultivation under microporous film irrigation was FC treatment, which was 81. 0 kg/667 m2.Keywords：cucumber;microporous film;fertilizer application;comprehensive evaluation7|11|2<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：In order to maintain the stability and durability of wildflower strip, 8 communities with different ages(2, 4 and 6 years)in community assembly were investigate and analyzed, including density, Simpson diversity index and important value of annuals/biennials, short-live perennials, long-live perennials and invasive plants. The research results are as follows: 1)There are two extinctions in community caused by annuals/biennials and short-live perennials separately, which decrease species diversity and density and provide opportunities to invasion. 2)Lower proportion of annuals/biennials and short-live perennials and higher proportion of long-live perennials within community will reduce extinction and enhance resistance to invasive plants. 3)Invasive plants can remedy loss of species diversity. This study demonstrates that keeping design proportion of annuals/biennials under 25% and substituting annuals/biennials and short-live perennials for long-live perennials can enhance community stability. Engaging spontaneous herbaceous plants into design process can slow down the loss of species diversity. Conducting supplementary sowing when extinctions begin can improve community resistance to invasive weeds.Keywords：wildflower strip;mixed sowing;artificial community;plant design4|13|1<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：To explore the effects of matrine administration with different administration routes, gavage or intraperitoneal injection, on gut microbiota, Kunming mice were randomly divided into 4 groups as follows: normal saline intraperitoneal injection group(NCip), normal saline gavage group(NCig), matrine intraperitoneal injection group(MTip)and matrine gavage group(MTig). After 5 days of consecutive administration, the feces of each group were collected for both α diversity index analysis and β diversity analysis. LEfSe and Metastats were used to analyze the difference of intestinal microflora among different groups. The results showed that there was no significant difference in the α diversity index and the effect of β diversity of the intenstinal flora between different administration methods of matrine by gavage and intraperitoneal injection(P>0. 05). The LEfSe analysis showed that the abundance of intestinal beneficial bacteria Bacteroidales and Alipipes regulating metabolism in mice injected with matrine by intraperitoneal injection was significantly increased compared with that in mice given matrine by gavage(P<0. 05). The Metastats analysis indicated the abundance of Desulfovibrio and ［Eubacterium］_fissicatena_group related to colitis were significantly reduced in matrine intraperitoneal injection group(P<0. 05)compared with gavage of matrine. In conclusion, different administration routes of matrine could cause difference effect in intestinal flora. Compared with the gavage administration of matrine, the intraperitoneal injection is more conducive to optimize the structure and function of the intestinal flora.Keywords：matrine;gut microbiota;intraperitoneal injection;gavage;route of administration7|10|4<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：In order to study the effect of alfalfa saponin on the hematopoietic system of X-ray irradiated mice, 90 male SPF Kunming rice were selected and randomly divided into control group and experimental group. The effects of 25, 50 and 100 mg/mL alfalfa saponin on the hematopoietic system of mice with X-ray irradiation intensity of 4. 0 Gy and the effects of different doses of X-ray on the hematopoietic system of mice with X-ray irradiation intensity of 25 mg/mL of were studied. The results showed that: 1)Preventive usuage of 25 mg/mL alfalfa saponin could significantly reduce the decrease of white blood cells(WBC), red blood cells(RBC)and platelets(PLT)in peripheral blood of mice exposed to 4. 0 Gy X-ray(P<0. 05), and increased the bone marrow nucleated cells(BMN)in irradiated mice. The number of cells(BMC)decreased significantly(P<0. 05). 2)After prophylactic administration of 25 mg/mL alfalfa saponin, the number of white blood cells, red blood cells, platelets and bone marrow nucleated cells in experimental group with the same irradiation dose was significantly higher than that in control group(P<0. 05), and the micronucleus rate was significantly lower than that in control group(P<0. 05). 3)With the increase of radiation intensity, the protection ability of 25 mg/ mL alfalfa saponin against radiation injury in mice decreased. To sum up, alfalfa saponin could alleviate the damage of hematopoietic system and chromosome of mice caused by X-ray. There was a dose-effect correlation between the concentration of alfalfa saponin and the radiation intensity of X-ray. Different concentration of alfalfa saponin should be applied according to different X-ray radiation intensity.Keywords：alfalfa saponin;X-ray;mice;hematopoietic system2|8|4<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：The aim of the study was to investigate the protective effects of diminazene aceturate(DIZE), an activator of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2(ACE2), on high-fat diet induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)in rats. The rats were divided into control group, NAFLD model group, DIZE and lovastatin(LOV)groups, and the growth status was observed and recorded. At the 10th week of the experiment, all rats were dissected. Blood samples were taken to determine plasma biochemical indicators, and liver tissue sections were prepared to observe pathological changes. The results showed that: 1)From the 4th week, the weight of the rats in the model group was significantly higher than the control group(P<0. 05), whereas the blood glucose regulation ability was weakened. The weight gain of rats in the model group was controlled and the glucose tolerance was restored after intragastric administration of DIZE and LOV. 2)Compared with the control group, the plasma levels of triglyceride(TG)、 total cholesterol(TC)、 total bile acid(TBA)and the activities of glutamic pyruvic transaminase(ALT)、 glutamic oxalacetic transaminase(AST)、 alkaline phosphatase(AKP)and Lactate dehydrogenase(LDH)in the model group increased extremely significantly(P<0. 01), and the content of nonesterified fatty acid(NEFA)significantly decreased(P<0. 05). After intragastric administration of DIZE and LOV, the plasma levels of TG、TC、AKP、LDH、TBA decreased significantly(P<0. 01)and the ALT、 AST activity significantly decreased(P<0. 05). 3)A large number of fat droplets existed in the liver tissue of the model group, the liver cells had fatty degeneration, and the liver index was extremely higher than that of the control group(P<0. 01). After intragastric administration of DIZE, the liver index decreased and the liver pathological damage was relieved. In conclusion, DIZE has protective effect on NAFLD rats induced by high-fat diet, which can significantly reduce blood lipid levels, improve blood glucose regulation, and relieve liver fat accumulation and steatosis. However, its related mechanisms need to be further studied to provide theoretical basis for the development of DIZE as a new NAFLD treatment.Keywords：DIZE;high-fat diet;rats;NAFLD;protective effect2|11|1<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：In order to explore the changes of skin regulatory patterns during vertebrate embryonic development, chicken embryo was used as study model. The RNA-Seq data of skin tissues from day 6 to 21 of embryonic development from the SRA database of NCBI were adopted for cluster analysis. The hub gene set was gradually mined based on the network topological attributes at three levels of gene coexpression network, signal pathway and protein interaction network. The change of interaction network of hub genes at different developmental stages was analyzed. The results showed that: 1)The development of chicken embryo skin could be divided into five stages at the gene level, which were 6-9 days, 10-12 days, 13-14 days, 15-17 days and 18-21 days. 2)The functional enrichment analysis showed that the skin differentiation was low and the plasticity was strong in the early stage of development, the middle stage was the key stage of skin hair follicle development, and the last four days was the establishment stage of skin extracellular matrix. There was a strict sequence pattern in the molecular development process. 3)The molecular regulatory process of chicken embryo skin development at the level of gene regulatory network were explored and screened. In conclusion, the key genes involved in different developmental modules are proposed according to the network topology attribute binding protein interaction database, which provides new perspectives and analysis methods for the analysis of transcriptome sequencing data and the molecular mechanism of vertebrate skin development.Keywords：chicken embryo;skin development;gene regulatory network;protein interaction network;sequential development model8|10|1<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Aiming at the problems of broiler weighing difficulty and easy to cause stress during the large-scale broiler breeding process, a non-contact broiler weight estimation method based on neural network and machine vision technology is adopted to study the change and monitoring of broiler weight. The results show that the infrared image and depth information of white feather broilers are collected by depth camera. Based on the target recognition algorithm YOLOv3 and the convolutional network segmentation algorithm FCN(Fully convolutional networks), a broiler region extraction model is constructed. The precisions of YOLOv3 and FCN models reach 98. 1% and 97. 8%, respectively, and the recall rate is 100%. Combining the depth images of broilers, extracting the relevant characteristics of broiler weight, constructing multiple regression model estimation algorithms, training and adjusting and optimizing the broiler weight estimation model, the Adaboost regressor model achieves the best estimation effect on the test set. The coefficient of determination is 0. 95, and the absolute error varies within the range of 0. 01-0. 32 kg. In conclusion, the estimation algorithm model proposed in this paper can better predict the weight of broilers, and provides technical support for the automatic weighing of broilers in the actual production environment.Keywords：chicken weight;image processing;neural network;feature extraction;regression model7|10|2<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：In view of the problems of high total cost and low utilization effect of vehicles in cold chain logistics distribution system, based on the consideration of traffic congestion, a multi-vehicle routing optimization model was established to minimize total distribution cost including carbon emission and maximize customer satisfaction. By using adaptive genetic simulated annealing algorithm, the routing optimization problem of cold-chain logistics with time window was investigated. The results showed that: 1)Under the premise that total distribution cost and customer satisfaction are considered equally important. Compared with the single vehicle with the lowest total distribution cost, the satisfaction of multi-vehicle distribution increased by 1. 28%, and the total objective function decreased by 31. 40%. Meanwhile, compared with the single model with the highest satisfaction, the total distribution cost of multi-vehicle decreased by 20. 01%, and the total objective function reduced by 38. 80%. Therefore, under the above premise, multi-model is more advantageous than single model distribution; 2)Compared with the traditional genetic algorithm, the adaptive genetic simulated annealing algorithm reduced the total cost of distribution by 3. 52% and improved the satisfaction by 29. 54%. Moreover, the optimal solution can be obtained faster, which verifies the effectiveness of the algorithm; 3)According to the analysis of the influence of model parameters on the value of each objective function, it can be obtained that appropriate pricing can improve satisfaction and reduce carbon emissions and goods loss costs. Although the increase of shelf life reduced the damage cost, it caused the increase of refrigeration cost and time window penalty cost; . The increase of the time sensitivity of fresh agricultural products will increase the cost of goods damage, but the time sensitivity is not positively correlated with the total distribution cost.Keywords：cold-chain logistics;multi-vehicle;congestion index;carbon emission;vehicle routing optimization7|10|11<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：In order to optimize the formulation of flavor salt replacement for processed meat products, a sensory evaluation system for salty taste was constructed by screening sensory evaluators and controlling standard for sensory evaluation. Meanwhile, the complex formulation of salt replacement in the aqueous solution system was optimized and designed by a single factor and response surface optimization test. On the basis of the salt replacement formulation, the optimal formulation of flavor salt replacement for processed meat was investigated. The results showed that the optimal formulation of flavor salt replacement for processed meat was as follows: potassium chloride 3. 5 g/L, calcium ascorbate 2. 5 g/L, calcium glutamate 0. 3 g/L, aspartic acid 0. 04 g/L, glycyrrhizin 0. 03 g/L and guanylic acid 0. 04 g/L. The comprehensive taste score of optimum flavor salt replacement was 8. 90. In conclusion, the optimal flavor salt replacement has approximately salty taste and light bitterness, which can be applied in the meat processing industry.Keywords：salt replacement;processed meat;formulation design;formulation optimization6|10|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：In order to solve the problems of low water and fertilizer utilization rate and sowing efficiency in corn planting in Hexi irrigation area, a type of seed and fertilizer seeder integrated with drip irrigation under film was designed. This machine is composed of organic fertilizer discharging device, drip irrigation laying device, mulching film laying device, sand discharging device, soil covering device on film and seeding device. According to the agronomy planting requirements, the key devices of the machine and tools were theoretically analyzed to determine the reasonable volume of fertilization device, seeding device and sand covering device matched with the machine and tools in normal operation, and the dimensions of the hill-seeder and the fertilizer extractor. ADAMS analysis software was used to verify the feasibility of the same hole with seed fertilizer. The field test results showed that the hole rate was 0. 9%, the qualified rate of hole number was 92. 3%, and the qualified rate of sowing depth under film was 97. 8% when the machine moving speed was 0. 55 m/s. In conclusion, the prototype can complete fertilization, laying of drip irrigation belt, film mulching, sand mulching, sowing, soil mulching and other processes at one time, which realizes the cultivation of maize seed fertilizer in the same hole and drip irrigation under film in arid area and meets the technical requirements of film mulching hill-seeder.Keywords：corn;arid area;seed fertilizer in the same hole;planter;drip irrigation under film2|9|1<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：To improve space utilization efficiency and save resource in greenhouse with single-layer cultivation system, taking Aquino lettuce as the research object, the effects of greenhouse combined with three-layer cultivation and artificial light supplement on lettuce yield, quality and power utilization rate were studied. The results showed that the total dry matter quality of lettuce could be significantly improved by increasing lighting on the middle-layer and down-layer. Under the treatment of middle-layer and down-layer with artificial light, the yield per unit area respectively increased by 0. 6% and 0. 8% with the increase of 1% DLI(Daily light integral). The specific leaf areas(SLAs)of both middle-layer of down-layer with artificial light and up-layer without artificial light were all smaller than that of middle-layer and down-layer without artificial light, that is, their leaves were thicker. The photosynthetic capacity and the formation of photochemical components of leaves grown under high light intensity were significantly promoted. The total sugar content and chlorophyll content in leaves under supplemental light treatment were higher than those without light supplement treatments. Although the power consumption was increased, the lettuce yield was also significantly increased. The input/output value of light supplement treatments were 0. 08-0. 09 kW·h/g. It was significantly higher than that of 0. 2-0. 3 kW·h/g in the middle and lower layers without artificial light, and the space utilization tripled after adopting three-layer cultivation system in greenhouse.Keywords：greenhouse;artificial lighting;solar energy;lettuce quality;power consumption3|11|1<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：The establishment of national cultivated land protection compensation mechanism is not only a policy tool to promote regional high-quality coordinated development and the construction of ecological civilization, but also an important way to practice the concept of national development. In order to build a national compensation mechanism for cultivated land protection, a national compensation framework for cultivated land protection is created, and the compensation value of cultivated land protection as the compensation reference value is calculated. Based on the theory of ecological compensation and development right, this study constructs the analysis framework of cultivated land protection compensation, uses the national statistical data, and uses the calculation methods of ecological compensation and development right to calculate the cultivated land protection compensation from the national level. The results show that: 1)From the national level, there is a surplus of cultivated land area of 12. 678 9 million hm2. There are 13 deficit provinces and 13 surplus provinces, and the other provinces are cultivated land balance provinces; 2)The total amount expenditure of cultivated land ecological compensation is 47. 452 billion yuan, and the total amount compensation is 35. 515 billion yuan. There are 13 compensation provinces and payment provinces of cultivated land ecological compensation; 3)The total amount of cultivated land ecological compensation is 47. 452 billion yuan. The actual value of cultivated land development right in China is 848. 5 thousand yuan/hm2, The actual values of 8 provinces are higher than the national average value of cultivated land development right, and those of 23 provinces are lower than the national average value of cultivated land development right; 4)The compensation value of cultivated land protection is the product sum of the ecological compensation value of cultivated land. The amount of cultivated land occupied in the future and the value of cultivated land development right per unit area, so as to determine the annual payment standard of cultivated land protection compensation.Keywords：cultivated land protection compensation;regional coordination;compensation theory3|10|18<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：In order to solve the dilemma of conservation tillage technology promotion, this study constructed a model of farmers' adoption behaviour of conservation tillage technology based on the theory of perceived value, and used a structural equation model to conduct empirical research based on 733 farmers' survey data in typical black soil areas of Heilongjiang Province. The results showed that the perceived value of farmers' adoption of conservation tillage technology was the result of the trade-off between perceived benefits and perceived risks, and perceived benefits and perceived risks have positive and negative effects on the perceived value, respectively; perceived benefits and risks were composed of multiple dimensions. The impact of perceived benefits and risks on overall perceived benefits and risks of each dimension was as follows: perceived economic benefits>perceived ecological benefits>perceived social benefits, perceived technical risks>perceived economic risks>perceived situational risks; Perceived benefit, perceived risk and perceived value had direct and indirect impact on the willingness and behavior of farmers' technology adoption. The impact of perceived benefit on perceived value and willingness of technology adoption was greater than that of perceived risk, but the impact of perceived risk on perceived behavior was greater than that of perceived benefit. In conclusion, some suggestions from the perspective of improving farmers' awareness of benefits and reducing risk perceptions are put forward in this study to guide farmers' adoption conservation tillage technology in the black soil area of Northeast China.Keywords：perceived value;farmers' behaviour;technology adoption;conservation tillage;black soil region of Northeast China2|9|12<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：To provide theoretical guidance for identifying the limiting factors of cultivated land and improving its construction efficiency, the obstacle factor diagnosis of well-facilitated farmland construction is carried out。. Nanchang county in Poyang Lake plain is taken as the research area. By introducing the ecological niche theory and combining the niche model with the index deviation degree, a diagnostic model of obstacle factors for well-facilitated farmland construction based on the niche is constructed. The obstacle factors diagnosis of well-facilitated farmland construction in the study area is then performed by combining the wooden barrel principle. The results showed that: The obstacle degree of natural quality of farmland in Nanchang county was generally low, which was ranged from 0. 20 to 1. 00. While the field infrastructure was pretty low, which was within 0. 10-1. 00. The landscape pattern, location condition and convenience degree were both within 0-1. 00. The landscape pattern and location condition were generally low, whereas the convenience degree was generally good. The obstacle degree of well-facilitated farmland construction in the whole county was in 0. 30-1. 00, among which only 12. 45%≤0. 50 and it was high on the whole. Therefore, the current status of obstacle degree for cultivated land in the research area can be accurately identified based on the niche-based diagnostic model of obstacle factors, meanwhile the situations of natural quality, infrastructure, landscape pattern, convenience and location for farmland in the study area are also revealed, which provided references for the improvement and construction of well-facilitated farmland in the region.Keywords：land evaluation;well-facilitated farmland;ecological niche;obstacle factor;Poyang Lake Plain5|9|7<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：In order to explore the spatial pattern change of “production, life and ecology” and its effect on ecological environment in mountainous areas, Dengfeng City, a typical county level location in western Henan Province, was taken as the research object. Based on the remote sensing satellite images from 1990 to 2019, the land use data of each period were interpreted and extracted. This study divided the land types into the first and second classes according to the function of “production, life and ecology”, and quantitatively discussed the “production, life and ecology” space evolution and eco-environmental effects on Dengfeng City by means of land use transfer matrix, eco-environmental quality index, ecological contribution rate of land transfer and autocorrelation analysis. The results showed that: 1)During the evolution of “production, life and ecology” space from 1990 to 2019, the agricultural production land, forest ecological land and herbage ecological land continued decreasing, while urban living land, rural living land and industrial mining production land increased significantly, among which the urban living land increased the most. 2)The eco-environmental quality of Dengfeng City was deteriorating year by year, and the low-quality area kept expanding, the area increased from 228. 96 to 256. 41 km2 during the study period. The factors leading to the improvement of ecological environment quality were the conversion of agricultural production land into water ecological land, and grassland ecological land into woodland ecological land. The trend of ecological environment deterioration was much higher than that of improvement. The ecological environment quality center of gravity mainly distributed in the town of Dongjindian, and continued to shift to the northwest, and the trend slowed down after 2000. 3)There wwere strong spatial positive correlations among the ecological environment quality of counties. Among them, the “high-high” type area was concentrated in Songshan Mountain areas in the north and Daxiongshan areas in the south, while “low-low” type area was mainly distributed along the industrial corridor formed by Dengfeng City and the town of Daye and Yangcheng Industrial Zone. In conclusion, this study provided references for the optimization of “production, life and ecology” space in the mountainous areas of western Henan Province, and decision-making basis for land space planning and ecological civilization construction in similar areas.Keywords：“production, life and ecology” space;pattern evolution;land use;ecological environment effect;Dengfeng City3|45|9<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Under the background of global soil degradation problem is becoming increasingly serious, it is necessary to clarify the evolution trend of soil ecosystem services(SES)to provide scientific guidance for soil sustainable management. Therefore, 1 617 articles related to SES collected from Web of Science core database were regarded as the research object, of which the literature citation information was mainly used. CiteSpace was used to conduct bibliometric visualization on SES in this study. The main tools adopted to analyze the research frontiers and trends were keyword co-occurrence analysis, burst analysis, and co-citation analysis. The results showed that: 1)The four stages of SES study were initial stage(1997-2008), the concept and research system initially formed stage(2009-2013), stable development stage(2014-2015), and in-depth exploration stage(2016-2018); 2)The hotspots initially focused on the exploration and practical research of soil functions, and then focused on soil microorganisms and agricultural SES, then gradually shifted to regulation services such as carbon sequestration, and moved in the direction of exploring sustainable management paths; 3)A relatively independent research path for SES was gradually discoverded by combining its own characteristics with the reference of ecosystem services research. Based on the exploration of SES assessment methods, the integration of SES into management decision-making through multidisciplinary cross-integration development is the frontier topic of future research.Keywords：soil;ecosystem services;bibliometrics;visualization1|9|6<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Aiming at establishing a system highlighting prevention and control measures on reducing NPS pollution at watershed scale, a typical agricultural watershed in Chaohu region, Zhegaohe watershed, was chosen as study object. Detailed survey was conducted to investigate the farming system, breeding mode and rural living. By learning from the thought of eco-clean small watershed construction, the definition and evaluation goals of circular agricultural clean watershed were put forward. Comprehensive assessment system of circular agricultural clean watershed was constructed. A primary evaluation on the implementation of pollution reduction measures was conducted. The results showed that: The annual N and P discharge load in the watershed were 1 923 and 128 t, respectively. Based on the water environmental capacity, the discharge load reduction percentages of NPS pollutants were calculated. It was found that 37% for nitrogen and there was abundant water environment capacity for phosphorus. Through implementing clean combined-technologies, the N and P discharge load reduction amount were calculated, which can achieve the corresponding reduction goals for Zhegaohe watershed. Based on the implementation effects, a preliminary assessment was conducted and the results showed that the sum of 7 weighted indicators was 0. 684 indicating that the management performance was disappointed to some extent and thus the effects of combined-technologies was correspondingly limited. Finally, policy suggestions, e. g. marketing mechanism, strengthening farmland infrastructure construction, optimization of spatial distribution pattern for planting and breeding industries and increasing policy support were put forward to achieve higher clean technology efficiency and improve the watershed environmental management drasticly.Keywords：agricultural clean watershed;circular;nitrogen;phosphorus;assessment system;water environmental capacity2|10|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：To provide ideas for the effective prevention and control of agricultural pests, this research starts with the main bodies of pest risk prevention and control, takes government elements as the research focus, and uses game theory to explore the interest relationship between the government, outsourcing companies, and farmers. This research firstly studies the pairwise game behavior of the three bodies and then puts the three bodies into a framework to explore the importance of government intervention in the pest risk prevention and control system. The results show that: 1)With non-government participation, the adjustment speed of outsourcing companies and farmers is relatively slow, and it is difficult to reach the ideal state. It is necessary to introduce government supervision; 2)The government can subsidize or punish outsourcing companies through regulatory means to make them form Market behavior in compliance with pest prevention and control regulations; 3)The government needs to raise farmers' enthusiasm in using modern prevention and control measures through training on farmers and the promotion of biological pesticides; 4)The costs of prevention and control of all parties on the premise of a joint game between the three parties have also fallen. In conclusion, this research puts forward policy recommendations to improve the government regulation model in the prevention and control of agricultural pests.Keywords：pest risk prevention and control;government;enterprise;farmer;game5|9|1<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：To explore the impact of economic policy uncertainty on China's food security, based on the panel data of 31 provinces/municipalities/autonomous regions(the data do not include those of Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan regions)from 2000 to 2018, PVAR model is used to study the influence and regional difference of economic policy uncertainty on China's food supply security, access security, stability security and resource security. The results show that: 1)On the whole, economic policy uncertainty has a negative impact on China's food security. 2)From the aspect of region, the supply security of the main grain production area is most affected by the negative uncertainty of economic policy, and the access security of the main grain sales area is the most obvious impact by the uncertainty of economic policy. Economic policy uncertainty has the least impact on grain production and marketing balance area. 3)From the aspect of measurement dimension for food security, economic policy uncertainty displays a restraining effect on supply security, access security and resource security, and has a positive impact on stability security. In order to ensure food security, China should continue to strengthen its policy support for food production, stabilize domestic food prices and improve the institutional mechanism for ensuring food security.Keywords：food security;economic policy uncertainty;regional differences;China2|8|1<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：To explore the latest information on whether the short-term effect of the COVID-19 epidemic on pork price will develop into a long-term trend fluctuation, this study selects the daily data on the cumulative number of confirmed cases of the COVID-19 and retail prices of scalded and gutted pig from January 20, 2020 to September 30, 2020. By constructing a VAR model and using Granger causality test, impulse response function, variance decomposition and shock wave model, the time-varying characteristics and internal mechanism of the impact of the epidemic on pork price are explored. The results show that the COVID-19 epidemic is the Granger cause of pork price fluctuations at a significance level of 10%, and the pork price is the non-Granger cause of the COVID-19 epidemic. After a positive impact of one standard deviation from the epidemic, the pork price rose rapidly, then fell slowly, and finally stabilized. It shows an “inverted U-shaped” fluctuation characteristic during the period of the COVID-19 epidemic. In the long run, the contribution rate of the COVID-19 epidemic to the pork price shock will be approximately stable at 29%. However, with the effective control of the epidemic, the pork price will still be positively correlated with its price fluctuations(71%). Besides, after the extended inspection period from December 2, 2019 to September 30, 2020, it was discovered that the impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on pork substitutes for chicken is more extraordinary in-depth and breadth. The results show that the COVID-19's effects will trigger the “butterfly effect” of meat industries. In the future, the government should replenish special funds for epidemic prevention and further implement pork subsidies and expand online channels for pork e-commerce transactions to increase pig farmers' income.Keywords：COVID-19 epidemic;scalded and gutted pig;price shock;VAR model;shock wave model;the butterfly effect1|9|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：In order to explore the impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on consumers' purchasing preferences for livestock and poultry products, selective experiment was conducted to collect the behavior data of 934 consumers through the form of online questionnaire from 4 cities, Wuhan City of Hubei Province, Zhengzhou City of Henan Province, Changsha City of Hunan Province and Hangzhou City of Zhejiang Province, and the data was analyzed by the mixed logit model. The results showed that: From the regional perspective, different preferences for online channels existed in the consumers from different regions. Compared with the mild epidemic areas, the preference for online channels existed in the consumers in severe epidemic areas was significant with obvious negative preference for time cost and higher willingness in paying for various attributes. From the perspective of products, the willingness of the consumers paying for different products was different, and the highest willingness was for products with brand attributes, followed by traceability information attributes. The higher willingness was discovered in paying pork in the same region than that of chicken. Therefore, the retail enterprises of livestock and poultry products should collaborate online and offline channels to improve efficiency, attract the consumers, strengthen and perfect the brand construction of traceable livestock and poultry products, reasonably subdivide products and regions, and gradually expand the market of traceable products.Keywords：COVID-19 epidemic;livestock and poultry products;consumer preferences;selection experiments;mixed logit models0|13|1<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
