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- Abstract：The rational recycling of biowaste is an effective way to mitigate environmental pollution,reduce carbon emissions and promote energy substitution in China.To assess nationwide biowaste resources,various terms for biowaste were firstly identified and redefined as waste biomass,which could be divided into six categories including crop straw,forestry residue,fungus culture waste,livestock and aquatic waste,industrial organic waste and household garbage.Moreover,two levels of subcategories were further classified for each category according to different sources,respectively.Based on the data from literature summary,the total solid waste biomass in China (1.691×109 t in 2015 based on the air-dried weight) was composed of 9.12×108 t crop straw,4.17×108 t livestock excrement,2.51×108 t forest residue,0.87×108 t edible fungi residue,0.13×108 t restaurant food waste and 0.11×108 t sewage sludge.In addition,the total liquid waste biomass in China was 19.95×109 t in 2015 according to the discussed classification system.Keywords：biowaste;crop residue;forest residue;livestock excrement;edible fungi residue;restaurant food waste;sewage sludge4|10|14<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：In order to expand the regenerative genotype of Gossypium hirsutum,a genetic transformation system of early maturing cotton cultivar ‘Zhongmiansuo 16’ was constructed by using four different combinations of hormones.The results showed that the primary calluses were effectively induced and produced on the combined media of 0.1 mg/L KT and 0.1 mg/L 2,4-D,and well-formed calluses was beneficial to embryogenesis and plant regeneration after withdrawing KT and 2,4-D.Moreover,only one kind of embryo in ‘Zhongmiansuo 16’ was observed,and the embryogenic callus of white-gray graininess were induced and differentiated after the first subculture of withdrawing the hormone.The appearance of embryos occurred after subcultured for 1 to 2 times.The embryos further developed into plantlets.Under this protocol,normal plantlets with strong roots well developed from these cotton cultivars after 6 to 8 months.Different regeneration lines were obtained by two rounds of tissue culture,and the ratio of embryogenesis in different lines was significantly increased.Subsequently,100% regeneration homozygous line seeds were obtained,and the homozygous receptors for transformation were obtained by further expanding propagation,which improved the efficiency of transformation and regeneration. EDT1 gene was successfully introduced into ‘Zhongmiansuo 16’genome by using the genetic transformation system in this study.The statistical analysis data,which was obtained in this study over a period of 9 months,indicated that the ratio of embryogenesis of genetic transformation was as high as 40%.Keywords：early maturing cotton;2,4-D and kinetin;embryogenesis;regenerative homozygous lines;genetic transformation0|9|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
Effect of growth regulators on the nutrient contents and functional properities of Azuki bean sprout
Abstract：In order to select the most suitable bean variety for sprout cultivation,this study used ‘Baihong 8’ to respectively set 6 concentrations of three growth regulating substances Acetylsalicylic acid (0,0.1,0.2,0.3,0.4,0.5 mmol/L),ethephon (0,20,30,40,50,60 mg/L) and 6-BA (0,2,3,4,5,6 mg/L).Different spray treatments;The biological characteristics (epicotyl length,epicotyl diameter,germination rate,fresh weight,dry weight and yield ratio),nutrients (soluble protein,soluble sugar),and antioxidant properties were measured.The results indicated that:When the three growth regulating substances were sprayed,the nutrient content,enzyme activity and antioxidant activity of sprouts reached the maximum under the treatment of 50 mg/L ethephon,which significantly improved the nutritional value of sprouts.Therefore,to improve the nutrient contents and the yield of sprouts,the optimal ethephon spray concentration is 50 mg/L.Keywords：Adzuki bean sprouts;growth regulators;nutrients;enzyme activity;antioxidant1|8|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27- Abstract：In order to solve the difficulty of seedling emergence in early spring and improve the adverse effect of dry and hot air on yield at the late growth period of spring rapeseed,an experiment of sowing spring rape in winter was carried out.Spring rape variety ‘Xinyou 17’ was used to study the characteristics of seedling rate,growth period,agronomic characters,photosynthetic performance,yield and quality of spring rape at different sowing dates of Anningqu Xinjiang.The results showed that the overwintering seedling rate was 73.5%-91.5% in the pre-winter sowing and post-winter emergence treatments (Oct.25 to Nov.14).The lowest seedling rate occurred when the sowing was done before Oct 15.Sowing from late October to early November (sowing before freezing season in winter),with seed into the soil and no seedling before winter,the spring rape could safely overwinter and the overwinter seedling rate reached 90%.The sowing period from late October to early November was the best sowing date.The main photosynthetic characteristics,main agronomic characters,yield and quality of the tested variety sown on October 30 were superior to those sown on April 8 next year,and its yield increased by more than 40%.In conclusion,spring rape sowing in winter was effective way to improve yield and quality.Keywords：spring rape;sowing date;winter sowing;photosynthetic characteristics;yield1|9|3<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：To investigate the effects of root application of 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) on the growth,yield and quality of early spring cucumber in solar greenhouse,different concentrations of ALA,0 (control),1,5 and 10 mg/plant·time were applied to cucumber ‘Zhongnong 26’ using drip irrigation technology.The results showed that root application of ALA significantly increased the plants height,leaf numbers and root activities compared with the control,and that treatment of 1 mg/plant·time displayed the best effects.Moreover,under 1 mg/plant·time ALA treatment,the photosynthetic pigments contents (chlorophyll a and b,carotenoid),net photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance of cucumber plant were also increased significantly.However,its intercellular carbon dioxide concentration was highly decreased,which enhanced the photosynthesis and plants yield.The yield of per ha was increased by 9.33%.There was no significant effect on fruits quality (soluble sugar,vitamin C,free amino acid and soluble protein).In conclusion,root application of 1 mg/plant·time ALA could be used for early spring cucumber cultivation in solar greenhouse.Keywords：cucumber;solar greenhouse;5-aminolevulinic acid;growth;yield1|9|2<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：The study aimed to clarify the effect of different rootstocks grafting on grapevine salt tolerance.Based on the salt-tolerance identification of a series of grape rootstock varieties,the grape cultivar ‘Cabernet Sauvign’ were grafted on different salt-tolerant rootstock varieties ‘101-14’,‘188-08’,‘5C’ and ‘Beta’ to investigate seedlings' physiological responses to NaCl stress.Four concentrations of NaCl were conducted.The results showed that chlorophyll,net photosynthesis rate (Pn),stomatal conductance (Gs),intercellular CO2 concentration(Ci) and transpiration rate (Tr) were significantly decreased with the increase of salt concentration.Leaf soluble sugar contents and peroxidase (POD),superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities of the grafted seedlings were significantly higher than those of the self-rooted seedlings.Whereas the leaf proline contents of the grafted seedlings were significantly lower than those of the self-rooted seedlings under non-salt treatment.Under the salt stress,the physiological response of four scion/rootstock combinations and the self-rooted seedlings were significantly different.Leaf proline and malondialdehyde (MDA) content of the grafted seedlings were significantly lower than those of self-rooted seedlings,and the seedlings grafted on‘101-14’ showed the lowest MDA content.The POD and SOD activities of the grafted seedlings were significantly higher than those of the self-rooted seedlings,and the POD and SOD activities were the highest for the seedlings grafted on‘101-14’.The seedlings of the Cabernet Sauvign scion/101-14 combination displayed lower Na+ content in leaves and better alternative transportation of K+ under salt stress.Although the activities of SOD and POD in the leaves of Cabernet Sauvign grafted on other rootstocks such as Beta,188-08 and 5C increased under salt stress,the ability of root system to resist Na+ and selectively absorb K+ were weak.Therefore,these three rootstocks didn't improve the salt tolerance of Cabernet Sauvign by grafting.Keywords：Cabernet Sauvign;grafting;rootstock;NaCl stress;physiological response0|9|3<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Phalaenopsis and Renanthera were selected for intergeneric hybridization breeding in this study.A total of 441 progenies were obtained from 48 cross combinations.The results showed that:1)There were 30 hybrid combinations with fruit-settings,only 6 of which germinated from M1,M2 and M3 culture medium and M2 induction time was the shortest.Most of cross combinations had fruit-settings but there were cotton flocculates in the capsule and no seeds,which might be due to incomplete embryo development or abortion.2)There were 20 combinations with fruit-settings between Renanthera and diploid or aneuploid Phalaenopsis,but there were no seeds in the capsule.There were 10 combinations with fruit-settings between Renanthera and tetraploid Phalaenopsis,and 6 of which obtained hybrid offsprings by sterile sowing.Therefore,it was easier to succeed using the large flower tetraploid Phalaenopsis and Renanthera to cross.3)Embryonic rescue by sterile sowing of tissue culture was an effective method to improve the success rate of intergeneric hybridization.In this experiment,6 cross combinations between Phalaenopsis and Renanthera obtained hybrid offsprings by sterile sowing.4)The hybrid F1 generation inherited the characteristics of both parents,but the plants and flowering traits generally tended to be Phalaenopsis',and the end of leaf was obviously bent lower than that of Phalaenopsis,and the leaves were leathery and harder.Keywords：Phalaenopsis;Renanthera;intergeneric hybridization;compatibility;hybrid F;1;generation1|13|13<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：The aim of this study was to explore the effects of heat stress on the immune and antioxidant functions of different breeds of grazing beef cattle in Inner Mongolia grassland.Serum immune and antioxidant indexes of different breeds of grazing beef cattle under heat stress were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).The results showed that the contents of interleukin-2 (IL-2),interleukin-4 (IL-4),superoxide dismutase (SOD) and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) in Mongolian cattle were significantly higher than those in Simmental cattle and Angus cattle (P <0.05),but there was no significant difference between Simmental cattle and Angus cattle (P>0.05).The malondialdehyde (MDA) content of Mongolian cattle was significantly lower than that of Simmental cattle and Angus cattle (P<0.05),while the immunoglobulin A (IgA) and IgM (IgM) contents of Angus cattle and Simmental cattle were higher than those of Mongolian cattle,but the difference was not significant (P>0.05).And the IgG content had no significant difference (P>0.05).In conclusion,under heat stress,the Mongolian cattle had stronger immune function and antioxidant function,and its heat stress resistance was stronger than Simmental and Angus cattle.Keywords：Mongolian cattle;Simmental cattle;Angus cattle;heat stress;immunoglobulin;interleukin;total antioxidant capacity0|8|5<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：The objective of this study was to characterize the risk factors for subclinical ketosis (SCK) and clinical ketosis (CK).Various measurements including rumination time,activity,body condition score (BCS),milk yield,and the concentration of blood β -hydroxybutyrate (BHBA) and glucose were collected from 103 Chinese Holstein cows (44 primiparous and 59 multiparous).SCK and CK was determined by BHBA ≥ 1.4 mmol/L and BHBA ≥ 3.0 mmol/L in a test,respectively.Results indicated that the primiparous cows with SCK showed significantly shorter rumination time (3 weeks before calving),lower milk yield (2-6 days after calving) and higher but not significantly different activity (3 weeks before calving) than healthy cows.The multiparous cows with SCK and CK showed significantly shorter rumination time,higher milk yield,higher BCS but similar activity than healthy cows.The Logisitic regression analysis showed that the SCK of primiparous cows was associated with lower rumination time and higher activity,while the SCK and CK of multiparous cows were associated with higher BCS and lower ruminant time.These findings may provide a technical basis for risk predication and health management of transition cows.Keywords：transition period;rumination time;clinical ketosis;risk prediction2|9|3<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：To study the effect of acetoacetic acid (AcAc) on neutrophil inflammatory signaling pathway in dairy cows,a cow neutrophil inflammation model induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was used as the research object.qRT-PCR,biochemistry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) methods were adopted in this study.The results showed that:1) Compared with the control group,the qRT-PCR results showed that the mRNA expression levels of IL-1 β,IL-6 and TNF-α were significantly increased in LPS treatment group (P<0.01),while their expression levels were significantly decreased in LPS + AcAc treated group than those in LPS treated group (P<0.05);2) Compared with the control group,the biochemical test results showed that the activity of IKK β kinase was significantly increased in LPS treated group (P<0.01),Its activity was significantly decreased in LPS+AcAc treated group than that in LPS treated group (P<0.05);3) Compared with the control group,the ELISA results showed that LPS increased the release of pro-inflammatory factors TNF-α,IL-6 and IL-1 β.These pro-inflammatory factors were significantly decreased in LPS+AcAc treated group than that in LPS treated group (P<0.01).The results suggested that AcAc inhibited the activation of inflammation signaling pathway in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated cow neutrophils and played anti-inflammatory function.Keywords：cow;neutrophils;ketosis;inflammation;innate immune0|8|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：In order to study the effect of Lactobacillus casei on ileal mucosal structure and MUC2 content of rats with developmental diarrhea,36 male 4-weed-old Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 6 groups with 6 in each group.Hematoxylin-eosin staining,Periodic acid Schiff staining,Western blot and RT-PCR methods were adopted in this study.In the experiment,a diarrhea model was established by intragastric administration of 5% magnesium sulfate solution and 108 CFU/mL Lactobacillus casei Zhang (LcZhang) solution was intragastrically administered for prevention and treatment.Saline treatment only was administered as a control.The results showed that:The ileal V/C value,number of goblet cells,MUC2 content and expression of MUC2 mRNA in group of the Lactobacillus casei prevention group (6 h) were respectively increased by 10.89%,9.28%,26.44%,66.67% (P=0.00,P<0.01,P<0.01 and P<0.05),compared with the group of diarrhea group (6 h);The ileal V/C value of group in the Lactobacillus casei prevention group (48 h) was significantly increased by 12.20% (P=0.00),compared with the diarrhea group (48 h).The above results showed that the prevention of Lactobacillus casei significantly increased the ileal V/C value and the number of goblet cells in diarrhea rats,and promoted the synthesis of MUC2,indicating that Lactobacillus casei could effectively maintain the intestinal health of 4-week-old rats,reduce the damage of diarrhea on intestinal mucus barrier and strengthen intestinal immune function.0|9|6<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：The aims of this study were to explore the correlations between apparent morphological characteristics and genetic information of the dictyostelid cellular slime molds species.Saccharomyces cerevisiae was used as an internal reference,and the genome size of 9 Dictyostelium species were estimated by Flow Cytometry in this study by adopting buffers OTTO and fluorochrome propidium iodide (PI) analyses.The correlations between the size of sorocarps and sori of these 9 Dictyostelium species with their genome sizes were analyzed by the linear regression method.The results showed that the genome sizes of those 9 species were ranged from 27.23 to 47.07 Mb,and the sizes of their sorocarps and sori diameter were both positively correlated with their genome sizes.Keywords：Dictyostelium;C;-value;sorocarp;sorus0|9|1<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：In order to provide the theoretical basis for the rapid and accurate digital automatic identification of Melolonthidae with the geometric morphometrics of scutellum.A total of 10 species of Melolonthidae with 20 samples of each species are used to extract 8 markers of scutellum by TpsDig2 software.PAST and SPSS software are used for Procrustes superposition,thin plate spline,principal component and discriminant analysis.The results show:The line chart of scutellum with 8 markers after Procrustes superposition and the figure of thin plate spline display the differences between the 10 species of Melolonthidae.The accuracies of both raw discriminant and cross discriminant of 10 species of Melolonthidae,are 99.0%.Therefore,the 10 species of Melolonthidae could be accurately identified by using the geometric morphometrics features of the scutellum.Keywords：Melolonthidae;scutellum;geometric morphometrics;classification0|10|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：In order to solve the problems of low intelligence and lacking of monitoring system for relevant parameters in the existing straw shredding and throwing device of rice-wheat combine harvester,a monitoring system for straw shredding and throwing device of rice-wheat combine harvester is developed based on the mechatronic control technology.The system is composed of push-rod motor,hall sensor,torque sensor,displacement sensor,man-machine interaction terminal and electronic control unit (ECU) and so on.The man-machine interaction terminal uses configuration touch screen to carry out real-time information interaction with the electronic control unit through RS485 bus to realize real-time collection,display and storage of system parameters such as rotation speed and opening degree.This terminal can control push rod motor to control the opening degree of spreader plate according to operation requirements to realize half-width and full-width scattering of straw and adjust the throwing effect in real time.The system is applied to the straw chopping and throwing test bench and the performance test of the system is carried out on the straw chopping and throwing test bench.The results show that the monitoring system is simple to operate,the parameter measurement accuracy reaches more than 94%,the control accuracy of the push rod reaches more than 90%.The system also has good robustness and can meet the relevant requirements of rice and wheat mechanized harvesting.Keywords：combine-harvester;straw;data collection;real-time control0|8|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Aiming at the characteristics of small grain,stalk easy winding threshing roller shaft and poor fluidity of flax crop,a full-feed flax thresher composed of vertical arrangement of D-shaped bar closed threshing roller and rhomboid angular raster concave plate was designed.Using the stem of Longya 14 flax as test material,the biomechanical properties of the stem were tested by ANSYS Workbenck and Fluent software to perform modal analysis on the threshing machine frame.The flow field simulation analysis of the wind selection system was carried out and the threshing test to verify the effect of the thresher was conducted.The results showed that when the water content of flax stem was 9.43%,the tensile strength of the middle flax stem of Longya 14 was 179.6 MPa,the flexural strength was 1.79 MPa,and the shear strength was 0.19 MPa.The natural frequency range of the first eight order of the rack was from 46.19 to 257.20 Hz,the amplitude range was from 7.53 to 115.63 mm,the 6th order frequency was 190.46 Hz,the maximum amplitude of the 6th order frequency was 115.63 mm,and the second maximum amplitude of the 5th order frequency was 114.99 mm.When the spindle speed of the threshing roller shaft was 1 500 r/min,the inlet wind speed of the lower part of the vertical suspension tube reaches from 6.3 to 10 m/s,the radial edge speed of the centrifugal fan can reach 50 m/s,and the pressure between the vertical suspension tube and the centrifugal fan was from -500 to -1 000 Pa,the internal wall pressure of centrifugal discharge tube was 4 000 Pa,and the pressure of discharge outlet was 4 799.27 Pa.The stripping test results showed that the whole machine stripping rate was 98.86%,the miscellaneous rate was 2.15%,the breakage rate was 0%,the entrainment loss rate was 0.8%,the clearance loss rate was 0.27%,the splash loss rate was 1.8%,the un-threshing loss rate was 0.09%,and the total loss rate was 2.97%.The overall design of the machine conforms to the national standard requirements and meets the needs of flax stripping operation.Keywords：flax;granulator;biomechanical characteristics;modal analysis;wind field simulation analysis;degranulation test1|10|12<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：In view of the lack of theoretical data support for cotton stalk baling,a baling test bench and measuring system based on side feeding baler machine were designed.The relationships between compression piston pressure,compression chamber pressure,the baling density of cotton stalk (test performance index) and moisture content of cotton stalk,cutting length of cotton stalk,feed amount of cotton stalk,compression frequency (test factor) were studied by single factor and four factors four levels orthogonal test method.The single factor test results showed that the relationship between the moisture content of cotton stalk and the baling density of cotton stalk was unary quadratic polynomial,and the relationship between the other test performance indexes and each test factor was unary cubic polynomial.The four factors four levels orthogonal test results showed that the comprehensive relationship between the test factors and the test performance indexes was quaternary cubic polynomial.The relationship between test factors and test performance indexes was analyzed and the results showed that the optimum combination was 30% moisture content of cotton stalk,25 cm cutting length of cotton stalk,3.22 kg/s feed amount of cotton stalk and 110 Hz compression frequency,when cotton stalk was compressed by side feeding baler machine.Keywords：cotton stalk;bale;side feeding baler machine;functional relationship0|9|2<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：In order to investigate the effect of ultrasonic on the far-infrared drying process,carrot slices were used as dry materials to study the drying characteristics and quality changes under different ultrasonic frequency,power and treatment time.A drying process was carried out with Weibull function for dynamics simulation.The results showed that with the increase of ultrasonic frequency,power and treatment time,the drying time was significantly reduced and the drying rate was significantly increased.The Weibull distribution function achieved higher model accuracy,and the determination coefficient R2 value of the fitting result was above 0.97.The deviation squared sum χ2 values were small and the scale parameter α decreased with the increase of ultrasonic parameters,indicating that the ultrasonic strengthening drying process was controlled by the internal moisture diffusion resistance.The estimated effective water diffusion coefficient Dcal was 3.601×10-8-5.317×10-8m2/s,and the effective water diffusion coefficient Deff was 3.535×10-10-5.601×10-10m2/s.With the increase of the ultrasonic power treatment time and frequency,the total color differences of the dried carrot products generally showed upward trend and the number of micropores in the carrot sliced cells increased,the thermal mass transfer efficiency increased and the drying rate increased significantly.Keywords：carrot;ultrasound;far infrared drying;drying characteristics;Weibull distribution function0|9|4<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：In order to promote the land consolidation policy,the connotation and characteristics of farmland fragmentation explored.Based on the property rights for the separated aspects of land ownership,the study established evaluation index system of the farmland fragmentation involving plots,farmers and farmer groups the farming plots status,land ownership and the scale of operation.A land consolidation project in Baoying County was selected as.show:1) Land consolidation increased the size of plots and improved field infrastructure.he value of plots fragmentation decrease from 0.45 to 0.40,the degree of fragmentation reduced from general to mild;2) Land consolidation increased the convenience of farming and promoted the scale of operation.value of utilization fragmentation decrease from 0.91 to 0.71,the degree of fragmentation reduced from serious to mild;3) the study area involved less ownership adjustment during consolidation,the value of ownership fragmentation slightly decreased from 0.23 to 0.22,the degree of fragmentation reduced from lighter to mild;4) In order to further improve the efficiency of land consolidationpromoting the establishment of rural land transfer market and expanding the proportion of scale operations,strengthening comprehensive effects of the "land consolidation plus" and in all promoting agricultural development jointly.0|9|10<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：In order to explore the differences between the rural residential area in the modern agricultural area of Heilongjiang Province and the rural area in the traditional agricultural area,and the impact of agricultural development status on the residential pattern,this study is based on the layout of rural residential areas in modern and traditional agricultural areas in Fuyuan City.By using the combination of spatial statistical analysis and landscape pattern index,quantitative research was conducted on two types of rural residential areas,namely,residential settlements and scattered houses in the field.The results show that the difference between the long and short axis of the standard deviation of the main rural residential areas in the modern agricultural area and the traditional agricultural area,the shape index,the global clustering value and significance of the settlement size are:8 743.39 and 13 426.64 m,10.98 and 15.1,0.107 478 and 0.000 015,2.26 and 0.67.The number of diasporas in the field are respectively 1 742 and 487.The nuclear density distribution map of diasporas in modern agricultural area is much higher than that in traditional agricultural area,indicating that there are significant differences in their of rural settlements patterns.The size of the main rural settlements in the districts of modern agriculture shows a global high-value clustering feature.Its spatial distribution is relatively uniform and shape is relatively simple.The density of scattered residential houses in the field is relatively dense.The spatial distribution of the main rural residential areas in the traditional agricultural areas is random.Its shape is relatively complicated,and its distribution is scattered and the proportion of paddy field planting in modern agricultural area is larger than that of farming tillage.The intensity of tillage is higher.Farmers choose to establish diasporas between fields to improve the efficiency of farming,that is,the ratio of paddy field planting and tillage radius is different in the distribution of diasporas between modern and traditional agricultural areas.The farmland infrastructure and field characteristics of the traditional agricultural areas are not perfect,and the layout of the main rural residential areas in the settlement state is highly dependent on the agricultural production conditions indicating that the farmland infrastructure and field characteristics are key factors caused the spatial pattern of the main rural settlements in the modern and traditional agricultural areas.In the future,Heilongjiang Province should manage modern and traditional agricultural areas in the process of renovating rural residential areas.In modern agricultural areas,the arable land structure and farming radius should be fully considered.In traditional agricultural areas,more attentions should be paid to the characteristics of farmland infrastructure and fields to realize efficient and intensive use of land in modern and traditional agricultural areas.Keywords：land use;modern agricultural area;traditional agricultural area;land management;rural residential area0|9|3<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：In order to analyze the long-term cropping system trend in Hohhot,optimize the input-output structure and improve sustainable development level,this study adopted emergy theory analysis method and selected evaluation index to assess the cropping system of Hohhot from 1996 to 2016.The evaluation results showed that:In the emergy input part,renewable organic resources,non-renewable industrial resources,renewable resources and non-renewable resources were calculated,which respectively accounted for 44.51%,40.19%,14.31% and 0.99% on average over the last 21 years.The renewable organic resources showed the ascending trend while the non-renewable industrial resources presented the growing trend.In 2009,the non-renewable industrial resources exceeded renewable organic resources and made first contribution in the emergy input part.In the emergy output part,grain crop,grain crop straw,economic crop,economic crop straw,vegetable crop and fruit were calculated,which respectively accounted for 42.20%,27.71%,12.13%,0.37%,16.73%,0.86% on average over the last 21 years.Economic crop decreased initially and then increased.In 2016,it exceeded vegetable crop and became the third largest part after grain crop and grain crop straw.In conclusion,the cropping system in Hohhot had a higher intensive degree and steady production efficiency.However,it faced greater environmental pressures and lower sustainable ratios.Therefore,using manure replacing partial nitrogenous fertilizer to improve the sustainable level of Hohhot cropping system was suggest in this study.Keywords：emergy analysis;Hohhot;cropping system;sustainable development1|9|2<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：By using the panel data of the 2008-2016 meat sheep and goat's input and output from 7 main producing provinces of China,this study analyzes the cost-benefit information of meat sheep and goat,and then adopts the DEA-Malmquist Index to analyze the spatial distribution and temporal variation of production efficiency and total factor productivity of meat sheep and goat industry from the static and dynamic perspectives.The results show that there are certain differences in the cost and income levels in these main producing provinces in China.The income and cost of the meat sheep and goat are in the trend of fluctuation,and the increase of cost is larger than that of income.From the static point of view,the comprehensive technical efficiency of meat sheep and goat industry in China is relatively high,and the pure technical efficiency of each main producing province is higher than the scale efficiency and even close to the optimal state.From the dynamic point of view,whether it is the temporal fluctuation of China's meat sheep and goat industry in 2008-2016 or the spatial distribution of the main producing provinces,the main reason for the change in total factor productivity is technological progress.The high quality development of China's meat sheep and goat industry can be promoted by improving the level of technological progress,improving the varieties of meat sheep and goat and developing moderate-scale breeding.Keywords：meat sheep and goat industry;cost-benefit;production efficiency;total factor productivity0|8|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：In order to explore the relationship between social network and ecological cognition on farmers' willingness of straw returning,a structural equation model is used to analyze the mechanism of social learning and social trust affecting farmers' willingness of straw returning based on 674 household survey data.A multi-group structural equation analysis is carried out with gender and part-time experience as the adjustment variables,and the differences of similar models between different groups are tested.The results showed that the social learning and social trust not only directly affect farmers' willingness of straw returning,but also indirectly affect their willingness of straw returning through ecological cognition;The social network of farmers without the concurrent experience has the most significant impact on farmers' willingness of straw returning;For female farmers,the social trust has the most significant impact on the willingness of straw returning,while the social learning of male farmers has the most significant impact on their willingness to return.Therefore,to improve the willingness of farmers to return to the field,it is necessary to improve the social network strength between farmers,but also improve the ecological awareness level of farmers.Keywords：social network;social learning;social trust;ecological cognition;straw returning4|9|22<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：This study divides firm value into economic value,social value and environmental value referring to the "three bottom line theory".Observation variables are constructed in the perspective of stakeholders to investigate the relationship between food safety information disclosure and a firm value under structural equation model is built by taking the sample of 86 A shares listed food companies in SSE and SZSE from 2006 to 2016.The results show that the level of food safety information disclosure has a positive impact on the economic value,social value and environmental value;The economic value has positive effects on the social value and environmental value;The impact of food safety information disclosure level on the social value and environmental value can be indirectly realized by economic value as intermediary.Keywords：food safety;information disclosure;firm value;structural equation model0|9|1<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：In order to explore the spatial distribution characteristics and influencing factors of rural multidimensional poverty in China,eight dimensions of rural residents' consumption in 31 provinces were selected.ELES method was used to calculate the basic demand expenditure share and a multidimensional poverty measurement model was then established to calculate the relative poverty index of dimensions and the multidimensional poverty index in different regions.This study focused on the analysis of poverty spatial distribution characteristics in eastern,central and western regions.The results showed that the relative poverty index and multidimensional poverty index spatial gradient distribution of all regions showing the same feature,which was the highest in the west,the second in the middle,and the lowest in the east.On this basis,this study went further by exploring in the primary and secondary factors affecting the multidimensional poverty spatial pattern of rural residents,and conducting empirically analyze for impact mechanism.The results showed that the higher the income level of farmers in a region,the greater the proportion of non-agricultural income was,and the higher the level of cultural education,the lighter the overall poverty in the region was.In conclusion,increasing the income of rural residents,especially the proportion of wage income,strengthening the investment in rural cultural education,and promoting their cultural and educational level,would help improve the rural poverty.Keywords：multidimensional poverty;ELES model;consumption of rural residents;spatial distribution0|10|4<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
