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- Abstract：To verify the possibilities of RNA-seq in cloning qualitative genes in maize,here,an ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS)-induced mutant for white kernels in maize with B73 background are taken as study material.A total of 138 mutant sites are identified in the developing kernels 15 d after pollination of the EMS mutant,and 36.96% (51/138) of these sites have high/moderate effects on these genes functions.Among which,a stop gained pds mutant was identified and confirmed by resequencing.PDS encodes a phytoene desaturase,which functions in the upstream of carotenoids biosynthesis.The results in the blocked biosynthesis of maize kernel carotenoids,which leads to the white kernels.The results indicate that RNA-seq is really an accurate and time saving way to identify the EMS-induced mutant genes in maize.Keywords：maize;transcriptome sequencing;EMS mutant;carotenoids;phytoene desaturase8|8|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：In order to verify the applicability of AquaCrop model for simulating water use and crop yield of winter wheat-summer maize in the Heilonggang River Valley,both the field test data and parameter values provided by FAO were input into the model to calibrate and verify non-conservative parameters.Results showed that the normalized root mean square error(NRMSE)of winter wheat canopy coverage between simulated value and measurement was 15.90%,the NRMSE between simulated yield and measured yield was 4.23%.For summer maize,the NRMSE of canopy coverage and yield between simulated values and measurements were respectively 11.59% and 11.69% indicating that the parameters obtained by calibration had better adaptability to Wuqiao County.In conclusion,the developed AquaCrop model could be applied to study the relationship between water management and yield of winter wheat-summer maize in the Heilonggang River Valley.Keywords：AquaCrop model;winter wheat;summer maize;canopy cover;yield;validation;Heilonggang River Valley0|12|4<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：In order to promote the production of spring wheat with film mulching and realize precision seeding, different hole sowing rates (8,10,12,14 and 16 seeds,respectively) of spring wheat with film mulching and in open fields (control) were used in this study.The growth of spring wheat with plastic film mulching was monitored in Hetao irrigation area.The results showed that:At the emergence stage,tillering stage,head stage and maturity stage,spring wheat with plastic film mulching appeared 7,5,5 and 4 d earlier than those of spring wheat in open fields,respectively.The tillering ability of spring wheat with film mulching was higher,but the ability of spike formation from tiller was basically the same as those spring wheat in open fields.Compared with spring wheat in open fields,spring wheat with film mulching had higher plant height,thicker stem,higher biomass of single stem and shallower roots distribution.The roots biomass of single stem of spring wheat with film mulching was higher before flowering stage and lower than those spring wheat in open fields after flowering stage.The stem numbers,above ground biomass and roots biomass of single hole of spring wheat with film mulching were higher,but the root and shoot ratio was less than those spring wheat in open fields.The highest yields in open fields was hole sowing rate by 14 seeds,and the highest yields in film mulched fields was hole sowing rate by 12 seeds.The yields of spring wheat with film mulching were higher,but the thousand grain weight and economic coefficient were lower than those in the open fields with the same hole sowing rate.In conclusion,the suitable hole sowing rate of spring wheat with plastic film mulching should be 10 to 12 seeds,i.e.quantity 70%~84% with conventional sowing in drill in open fields in Hetao irrigation area.Keywords：spring wheat;Hetao irrigated area;film mulched;sowing rate;growth status3|9|3<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：The dynamics of protein and starch accumulation and the activities of starch synthesis related enzymes during grain filling of proso millet were investigated in this study.Two waxy varieties (‘Longshu 21’and ‘Jinshu 5’) and two non-waxy varieties (‘Yumi 2’and ‘Longmi 8’) were taken as study materials.The results showed that the content of fat increased firstly and then decreased after anthesis.However,the content of crude protein continuously decreased,among which gluten content was the highest.Proso millet grain was found rich in glutamic acid,proline and leucine.And the accumulation of total starch,amylose and amylopectin showed a trend of S-type growth and their accumulation rates increased firstly and decreased later.The activity of AGPP,SSS,GBSS and Q enzyme showed a single peak curve during the process of grain filling.For non-waxy varieties,the accumulation rate of total starch was correlated with the activity of SSS and Q enzyme,its amylose was significantly affected by the AGPP,SSS and Q enzyme.SSS was pivotal in amylopectin accumulation of non-waxy varieties.While the activity of SSS and Q enzyme played key roles in the process of all accumulation of waxy varieties.Keywords：proso millet;grain formation;protein;starch;enzymes involving in starch synthesis0|8|2<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：The aim of this study was to explore a multi-purpose cultivation pattern which can take into account the yield of hemp straws,hemp leaves and hemp fibers.Two planting patterns,equal row pattern M1 (35 cm),wide narrow row pattern M2 (50 cm+20 cm) and three planting densities D1:30×104,D2:45×104,D3:60×104 plants/hm2,were set to research the effects of densities and row spacing on the agronomic characters,SPAD value,photosynthesis and yield of a hemp variety ‘Jinma 1’.The main findings of the study were as follows.Compared with equal row pattern M1,wide narrow row pattern M2 had obvious advantages in plant height,stem diameter,dry matter accumulation,effective plant number,SPAD value,photosynthetic performance and yield.The effects of densities and row spacing on the yield of industrial hemp stalks,leaves and bast fibers were significant:At D1,M2 increased the yield by 28.28%,18.65%,13.81% than M1,respectively;At D2,M2 increased 19.37%,27.37%,4.07% than M1,and at D3,M2 increased 21.55%,16.80%,5.68% than M1,respectively.The effects of densities on yields were different under different row spacing configurations:The yield of hemp leaf expressed D1 > D3 > D2,and the yields of stalk and bark of hemp expressed D2 > D1 > D3 in M1;The yield of hemp leaf expressed D2 > D1 > D3,and the yields of stalk and bark of hemp expressed D1 > D2 > D3 in M2.In conclusion, wide narrow row pattern combining with planting density of 30×104 plants/hm2 was optimal for multi-functional planting patterns and the yields of straws,leaves and fibers of industrial hemp could be taken into account.Keywords：hemp;planting density;row spacing;agronomic characters;photosynthetic performance;yield1|9|1<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：A field experiment was conducted to study the effect of phosphorus fertilizer application on the yield and phosphorus absorption and accumulation of condensed planting high-yield maize in Ningxia Yellow River irrigated area.The aim of this study was to optimize the appropriate amount of phosphate fertilizer to guide maize production in this area.A total of 5 phosphorus levels were designed in this experiment including 0,45,90,135,180 kg/hm2 under the same condition of nitrogen(N 300.0 kg/hm2) and potassium (K2O 75.0 kg/hm2.The results showed that:The number of maize spikes and grain weight was increased by applying phosphate fertilizer;The yield of maize increased from 3.1% to 7.8%;The effect equation of maize phosphate fertilizer was Y=-0.053 7x2+15.803x+15 450 (R2=0.981 9*),Calculated by equation simulation;Computational acquisition maximum yield application P2O5 was 147.1 kg/hm2;The best economic yield of P2O5 was 112.2 kg/hm2.From the perspective of economic benefit,the profit of phosphate fertilizer was the highest when using 135 kg/hm2 treatment,its income increased 5.7% more than the control.The application of phosphate fertilizer increased phosphorus accumulation in grains,straw and aerial parts of maize by 24.0%,19.3%,22.1% and 15.7% compared to those of the control.When the amount of phosphate fertilizer was 135 kg/hm2,the maximum utilization efficiency of phosphate fertilizer was 36.2%(P<0.05).The partial productivity,agronomic efficiency and physiological efficiency decreased with the increase of phosphate fertilizer. The amount of phosphorus in 45-135 kg/hm2 in the range of soil available phosphorus was deficient.According to the comprehensive analysis of maize yield,economic benefit,soil phosphorus balance and utilization efficiency of phosphate fertilizer,it was concluded that the suitable application range of high yield corn phosphate fertilizer in the study area was 135.0 to 147.1 kg/hm2.Keywords：Ningxia Yellow River irrigation area;maize;phosphorus uptake and accumulation;suitable amount of phosphate fertilizer1|14|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Based on the 11 indicators of three factors from topography,climate and soil in Shaanxi,judgment matrix,linear weighted sum method,spatial analysis method of GIS and hierarchical cluster analysis were used to evaluate the potential suitable planting area of blueberry in Shaanxi.The results showed that:1) In view of the topography,Shaanxi had a large area suitable for the growth of blueberries,and the potential suitability zoning area accounted for 88.56% of the total area in Shaanxi.Climatic and soil conditions had strong restrictions on the potential distribution areas of blueberry and its potential planting areas respectively accounted for 39.54% and 33.06% of the total area respectively.2) From the index system of comprehensive evaluation,the potential suitability zoning area of blueberries was 10.12×104 km2,accounted for 49.16% of the total area in Shaanxi,and mainly concentrated in the hilly region of south Shaanxi and north Piedmont region of Qinling Mountains.3) A hierarchical cluster analysis was used to divide the potential suitable zone into three subregions and divide the non-suitable zone into two subregions.The first subregion of potential suitability zoning displayed better conditions for blueberry planting,and there were the least ideal conditions for the blueberry planting in the second subregion of the non-suitable zone.1|8|1<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Ethanol solvent extraction method and single factor and orthogonal test were used to optimize the extraction technology of total flavonoids from Prunus triloba f.multiplex flowers.The antioxidant activity of total flavonoids in flowers was also determined.The results showed that the optimal extraction conditions were as follows:60% ethanol,solvent to material ratio 35:1 (mL/g),80℃ extraction temperature,and 90 min extraction time.Under above extraction conditions,the highest content of flavonoid in the flowers was collected at the 7th day after blossoming,which reached 15.546%.The flavonoid extraction in P.triloba f.multiplex flowers displayed the ability to scavenge hydroxyl radicals (·OH),and its scavenging capacity was positively correlated with the concentration of flavonoid extracts.1|9|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
Food safety assessment technology system of genetically modified organisms and its development trend
Abstract：In view of how to more scientifically assess the food safety of genetically modified organisms (GMOs),a comparative study method is used to compare the food safety assessment framework for GMOs in international organizations and China.The results show that:1) The current food safety assessment of GMOs in the global is mainly including toxicological assessment of new expressed substances,allergenicity assessment,nutrient assessment,safety assessment for the whole food,food processing impact on food safety and antibiotic resistance assessment;2) Although principles and technical system frameworks for food safety assessment of GMOs in the global was basically formed,the details of food safety assessment of GMOs is controversial due to new biotechnology products coming out;3) GMO food safety assessment system needs to build a crop nutrition database in nutrition assessment,construct a toxic protein database in toxicology assessment,establish an in vitro assessment model for allergenicity assessment,and construct an unexpected effect assessment model.In summary,facing new biotechnology products,continuing to develop and improve the established principles and technical systems for food safety assessment of GMOs to better protect human health is necessary.Keywords：genetically modified organisms;food safety;nutrition;toxicology;allergenicity;unexpected effects0|8|1<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27- Abstract：To investigate the progress of yak genome and transcriptome,literatures related to yak genome and transcriptome researches over 2012-2018 were summarized in this paper by using "yak,genome,transcriptome and high throughput sequencing" as keywords.The results showed:On the aspect of genome,the genome of yak was sequenced for the first time in 2012 and subsequently re-sequenced.The yak genome "sketch frame" and the corresponding genetic variations profile were constructed.The genome similarities and differences between the domestic yak,wild yak and other species were compared.The genetic mechanism of yak plateau adaptation was explained,and the domestication and demographic history of domestic yak were explored.The adaptation introgression between yak and cattle,and the genetic mechanism of some traits (i.e.horns and multi-ribs traits) in yak also were revealed.The whole genome association analysis in yak was used;On the aspect of yak transcriptome study,the transcriptional analysis of the testis,ovary and heart etc.,as well as the oocyte and embryo cells of the yak were carried out to discover a number of potential differentially expressed genes (DEGs) related to the economic traits and some biological changes.Future work should focus on Big Data obtained by high throughput sequencing technology to assist yak molecular breeding.Keywords：Yak;genome;transcriptome;high throughput sequencing4|8|4<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：The aims of this study were to measure scrotal surface temperature (SST) gradient (Δ SST) of semen producing bulls using infrared thermography and find the relationship between Δ SST and semen quality.The SST of 39 young breeding bulls (morning SST was 5.14±1.32℃,noon SST was 4.50±1.28℃) and the ambient temperature data were measured at bull station of Beijing Dairy Cattle Centre on November 2016.Semen quality and the percentage of abnormal sperm data were collected from October to November 2016.The effects of factors on the percentage of abnormal sperm were analyzed using a fixed linear model,and the probability of qualified gross motility was predicted using a logistic regression model.The results showed that 1) The morning Δ SST of different groups had no significant effect on the percentage of abnormal sperm.The percentage of abnormal sperm of high and low morning Δ SST groups were respectively 10.80% and 11.95%.The percentage of abnormal sperm of in high and low noon Δ SST groups were 12.32% and 10.46%,respectively;2) Analysis by using logistic regression model indicated that the breeds,number of collections,groups of morning Δ SST,and co-variable (month of age and body weight) had significant effects on the qualified probability of fresh semen in term of gross motility.In summary,the SST measurement using infrared thermography,with caution to avoid other factors might influence the accuracy of the operation,could be used to monitor the semen quality of bulls and provide effectively additional information for predicting the qualified probability of fresh semen in term of gross motility for young breeding bulls.Keywords：young breeding bull;infrared thermography;semen quality;scrotal surface temperature gradient1|9|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：To investigate the effect of physalins leaf tea on diabetic mice,a total of 75 male Kunming mice were randomly divided into five groups,which were model group,low-dose physalins leaf tea treatment group (0.5 g/kg),middle-dose group (1.0 g/kg),high-dose group (2.0 g/kg),positive control group with acarbose treatment. Diabetes in mice was induced by alloxan,and self-made physalins leaf tea was administrated through intragastric administration for 14 days.After 14 day treatment,the body weight of mice was measured.The content of FBG,INS,ALT,and Cr in serum,activity of SOD and GSH-Px,and content of MDA in liver and kidney were determined.And the immune organ index of diabetic mice was evaluated.The results showed that:FGB in diabetic mice were reduced by physalins leaf tea;compared with the model group,the body weight and INS content of mice in physalins leaf tea (1.0 and 2.0 g/kg) groups were obviously increased.The ALT and Cr levels in serum were significantly decreased;in the liver and kidney,the MDA content were significantly decreased and the activity of SOD and GSH-PX were significantly increased,the immunity of diabetic mice could be promoted by physalins leaf tea.In conclusion,physalins leaf tea could effectively lower the blood sugar lever of mice induced by alloxan.The potential mechanisms of reducing blood sugar were associated with its improving the insulin secretion and antioxidant ability.Keywords：mice;diabetes;physalins leaf tea;hypoglycemic effect;antioxidation1|10|1<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：To investigate the effects of rare earth-chitosan chelate (RECC) on growth performance and meat quality of yellow-feathered broilers under heat stress.Ninety one-day-old yellow-feathered broilers were selected for heat stress test at 29-day-old,and the trial lasted for 2 weeks.The broilers were randomly divided into three groups at 29 day:the control group (feeding temperature about 25℃ + basic diet),the heat stress group (feeding temperature about 37℃ + basic diet) and the rare earth group (feeding temperature about 37℃ + basic diet + 0.03% RECC).After 1 and 2 weeks of heat stress,the ratio of average daily food intake and weight gain of broiler were calculated,and the changes of meat quality were analyzed.The results showed:after 1 week of heat stress,the average daily food intake displayed no significant difference among three groups (P>0.05);the average daily gain in the control group was significantly higher than those of the heat stress group (P<0.05) and the rare earth group (P<0.01),while there was no significant difference between the heat stress group and the rare earth group (P>0.05);The leg muscle pH of the control group was significantly higher than that of the rare earth group (P<0.05),and the shear force of the leg muscle in the control group was significantly different from the heat stress group and the rare earth group (P<0.01).After 2 weeks of heat stress,the average daily food intake of the control group was significantly higher than those of the heat stress group and the rare earth group (P<0.01),while the average daily food intake showed no significant difference between the heat stress group and the rare earth group (P>0.05);the daily gain in heat stress group was significantly lower than the control group and the rare earth group (P<0.05),but there was no significant difference between the control group and the rare earth group (P>0.05);there was no significant difference in the pH and the shear force of leg muscle between different groups (P>0.05);the leg muscle water holding capacity in the heat stress group was significantly lower than the control group and the rare earth group (P<0.01).After 1 and 2 weeks of heat stress,the chest muscle pH and chest muscle water holding capacity of the control group was significantly higher (P<0.05) than those of other two groups (P<0.05);while the shear force was significantly lower than those of other two groups.In conclusion,under the continuous heat stress,RECC could effectively relief the impacts of heat stress on the daily gain,improve feed utilization rate and alleviate the damage of heat stress on the muscle water holding capacity and therefore maintain meat quality.Keywords：yellow feather broiler;rare earth-chitosan chelate;heat stress;growth performance;meat quality1|9|3<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Aiming at the phenomenon that the heat-releasing volume of back wall at different heights in solar greenhouse are quite different,this study first deduce the heat-releasing mechanism of the back wall formed by the outer low temperature through greenhouse cover by using physics vector principle and the gas molecular movement theory as foundation and then carry out the research on heat-releasing difference of different heights of the back wall in combination with the heat-releasing mechanism and the differences of the temperature of back walls at different heights.The results show that the horizontal component of the external low-temperature driving force increases and the density of the horizontal component of the external low-temperature driving force in the back wall decreases with the decreasing of the back wall height.The heat-releasing drive formed by the outer low-temperature is the function of the product of driving force with the driving force density,and it increases with the height of the back wall decreasing.The temperature of the back wall decreases continuously after releasing heat.The heat-releasing volume from the back wall increases gradually from the top to the bottom,and the heat-releasing volume from the bottom side are 2-3 times higher than that from the top side.The deduced exothermic mechanism can explain the heat-releasing difference of different height back walls,and the heat release of the back wall is a passive heat-releasing process driven by the external low temperature.The difference of heat-releasing volume is mainly due to heat-releasing drive caused by external low temperature.The heat-releasing volume is affected by the heat-releasing drive and the temperature of the back wall when the temperature of the back wall is high and the heat-releasing volume in the middle of the back is also high;The heat-releasing volume of the back wall is mainly driven by the heat-releasing drive of the back wall when the temperature of the back wall is low.Keywords：solar greenhouse;back wall;heat-releasing mechanism;driving force;heat-releasing drive;passive heat release2|8|1<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：In order to realize mechanization of straw mulching in arid orchards and improve the efficient of agricultural wastes utilization,an straw mulching machine,which could evenly mulch agricultural wastes such as straw in the interrows of dwarf apple orchards needed to be developed.A self-propelled crawler chassis and large capacity of hopper were used to improve the work efficiency and adaptability of orchard environment.The scraper conveyor mechanism and discharge roller driven by hydraulic motor cooperated with each other to realize continuous quantitative mulching,and the thickness was adjustable.The results showed that the thickness of straw mulch was uniform,the standard deviation of spent mushroom substrate mulch thickness was no more than 1.37 mm,and the width met requirements.When the discharge roller was forward-rotating,a large amount of waste could be discharged.The larger covering thickness could be achieved,and the speed of the roller was positively related to the mulch thickness.When the discharge roller was reversed running,only a small amount of waste could be discharged;The thinner covering thickness could be achieved,and the speed of the scraper conveyor mechanism was positively related to the mulch thickness.A binary linear model of spent mushroom substrate mulch thickness was established,which was related to the speed of both the mulching machine and the discharge roller (or the scraper conveyor mechanism).The R2 of the model was more than 0.979 indicating that the mulch thickness could be adjusted flexibly within the range of 3.6 to 13.1 cm.The machine also could be used for soil remediation,earthworm culture bed laying and so on.Keywords：orchard;mulching machine;straw;agricultural wastes;arid area;mechanization4|14|4<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：By combining the theoretical analysis with experience summarization,the current research of banana picking machinery at home and abroad is studied.The literatures are then summarized and classified from two aspects,banana picking manipulator and automatic picking machinery.The results show that:1) Numerous banana picking manipulators appeared at home and abroad,including gripping device,supporting device and cutting device,which can replace labor and reduce fruit damage.2) At present,the automated banana picking machine that combines picking and movement has greatly improved the efficiency of banana picking and promoted the rapid development of the banana industry.3) Multifunctional and intelligent banana picking machinery is still the focus of current banana picking machinery.In view of the shortcomings in the development of banana picking machinery,it is proposed that we need to delve into the walking device of the banana picking machine to achieve fast movement and flexible steering.Based on the current automated picking machine,the banana fruit visual recognition system and computer decision-making system are comprehensively studied.Further research on mobile trolley and robotic arm to enhance the anti-overturning ability of banana picking machine is suggested.Future research hotspots would be multiple-function banana picking machine construction such as picking,packaging and falling comb or multi-function fruit picking machine with replaceable robot manipulator.Keywords：banana;picking manipulator;automatic picking;visual recognition system;computer decision system;anti-overturning;multi-functional2|11|4<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Aiming at the problem of high similarity and identification difficulties of Gramineous grass seeds,local similarity pattern (LSP) and gray level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) are combined to study the classification and identification of Gramineous grass seeds.The results show that:1) The fusion of LSP and GLCM can effectively extract the texture characteristics of grass seeds to identify the seeds whose color,shape,size and other characteristics are very similar,and the accuracy is superior to that of the traditional LSP or GLCM operators.2) Compared with the traditional LSP algorithm,the extraction algorithm of LSP fused with GLCM can extract features,which are less affected by the similar species of seed images,representing a wider adaptability in Gramineous grass seed identification.Therefore,the extraction algorithm of the fusion of LSP and GLCM can effectively extract the statistical texture features of similar Gramineous grass seeds,which could reach the highest recognition accuracy of 98.64% when combined with LDA classifier.Keywords：seed identification;textural feature;LSP;GLCM0|10|4<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：To study the carrying capacity of arable land in China,make effective use of natural resources and promote sustainable development,the relationship between supply and demand of arable land ecological carrying capacity is taken as the starting point.According to the "Chinese Standard Ecological Footprint of Arable Land",the national hectare ("nha") was adopted as the unit of measurement and a supply-demand balance index (SDI) of arable land ecological carrying capacity was constructed.Taking 2015 as an example,the balance between supply and demand of arable land ecological carrying capacity in China was systematically evaluated.The results indicated that:1)30% of the population in China live on 70% of the affluent and balanced arable area,and the other 70% of the population is distributed in the 30% ecological deficit arable area,ecological carrying capacity of arable land has been seriously unbalanced.2) The ecological carrying capacity of arable land in China's provincial administrative regions shows obvious differences,ranged from severe overload to affluence from southeast to northwest.The ecological deficit area of arable land is mainly distributed in regions located at eastern coastal areas which are attracted by migrants and have a large population density.Keywords：ecological footprint;ecological carrying capacity;supply and demand balance;China1|9|3<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：In order to study the fallow applicability of cropland use intensity assessment methods in county level,Quzhou County is taken as an example,our kinds of cropland use intensity evaluation systems were constructed based on planting intensity,agricultural input and output,cropland intensification and the sequence of land use.The results indicate that:Firstly,the evaluation method of cropland use intensity based on land use timing and input-output has better fallow applicability in Quzhou,and can assist regional fallow decision-making at macro level;Secondly,the evaluation results of cropland use intensity based on planting intensity and intensive land use and the current characteristics of cropland use in Quzhou County are not suitable for fallow in Quzhou;Lastly,the four evaluation methods of cropland use intensity are all regional macro-indicators.To evaluate the cropland use intensity from micro-level,land scale indicators to distinguish different farming methods to formulate specific fallow measures are needed to be introduced into the assessment system.Keywords：cropland use intensity;evaluation index system;rotation/fallow;applicability0|8|6<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Based on threshold effect model and Tobit Model,a total of 168 2 samples are used to analyze how agricultural mechanization level affects the marketization degree of the farmers.The results are as follows:1) The per capita basic farmland area is 0.068 hectares,which means the per capita annual basic demand for grains is 466.27 kg through the threshold effect model.2) The farm mechanization has a significant positive impact on the agricultural mechanization level below and above the threshold.Once the agricultural mechanization level increases 1 unit,the marketization degree of the farmers below the threshold will increase 0.496 units while those above will increase 0.67 units.3) Both self-operation and outsource of agricultural machine have significant positive impact on the agricultural mechanization level below and above the threshold.Besides,unhealthy households and turning out the land have significant negative impact on the degree of marketization of farmers while social capital,food price,per capita land area,multiple cropping index,and plain areas have significant positive impact on the marketization of farmers.To further increase agricultural efficiency and improve the marketization degree of the farmers,it is recommended to focus on promoting appropriate scale operation of land in the plain area,paying attention to the farmers' health,increasing family social capital and encouraging farmers to adopt multi-cropping model.Keywords：agricultural mechanization level;degree of marketization of farmers;per capita basic demand for agricultural land;threshold effect model1|8|6<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：In order to further solve the problem of straw burning prohibition in China,the management and effect of straw burning prohibition administrative area are investigated by combining qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis.The results show that the state-level straw burning prohibition in key areas began in the mid-late 1990s.At present,the whole country has entered a period in which the management of "All-territory burning prohibition" and "Key areas burning prohibition" is in parallel.The annual average number of remote sensing fire spots for 2004-2005 to 2016-2017 straw burning reduces from 14 509 to 9 297.The intensity of straw burning in the eastern plains and southern China decreases significantly,but the northeastern three provinces have become the serious disaster areas of straw burning in China.Four policy suggestions including promulgating special laws and regulations for straw burning control,improving penalties for violations of regulations in straw burning prohibited areas,developing restrictive burning management in straw non-prohibited areas and strengthening the comprehensive utilization of straw in three northeastern provinces are put forwarded for straw burning control in China.Keywords：straw prohibiting burning;straw burning;policy;control;China3|10|2<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Based on the global agricultural partial equilibrium model,the study designed different currencies appreciation and depreciation scenarios to simulate the impacts of exchange rate fluctuation on China's agriculture.The results show that:If RMB were depreciated,the imported goods would become more expensive resulting in the decrease of import;However,the domestic demand and production would increase.Specifically,rice,wheat,maize,beef,pork and milk powder would be greatly affected by RMB depreciation.If RMB were appreciated,the situation would be the opposite.The currencies changes of major agricultural trading partners would mainly result in the changes of export and import in their countries,and generate impacts on world prices.And the impact would be transmitted into China through import and export prices and finally lead to the changes of production,consumption and trade of related products in China.The products with large import share would be affected mostly.The fluctuations of Euro,Australian dollar,New Zealand dollar and Brazil Real among others would mostly affect China's import and the production of beef,pork,powder milk and soybean,respectively.Keywords：exchange rate;agriculture;partial equilibrium model;simulation2|10|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：The study systematically interprets the innovative exploration of industrial chain organization mode by leading enterprises in industry practice,and clarifies the development direction of LPIC (livestock and poultry industry chain) organization during the new period.A systematic mechanism design of the industry chain organization pattern,which is adaptive to the current development,is constructed.Filed surveys and expert interviews are also carried out.The results show that:1) The insufficient on industrial international innovation competitiveness,big cyclical industry fluctuation and the guarantee of product quality and safety are the fundamental problems faced by the development of LPIC;2) The platform-oriented organization with whole chain closed-loop,which is dominated by the leading enterprises of upstream varieties innovation,downstream transaction value or midstream supporting services,is the development tendency of the LPIC organization;3) According to the development connotation and goal of LPIC,the key mechanism of the whole chain closed-loop is designed based on the theory of principal-agent,transaction cost,organization change and so on,namely the policy support based on public service,the value-added distribution based on dependency and contribution and the division and cooperation based on complete information,to guarantee the construction and operation of the platform-oriented industry chain organization.The policy formulation suggestion and the enterprise development countermeasure are put forwarded in the end.Keywords：livestock and poultry industry chain;industry chain organization;organization pattern;inverted pyramid;platform;mechanism design0|8|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Based on the Euclidean distance-based sustainable agricultural assessment method,this study evaluates the sustainable development of agriculture in main apple producing area in Weibei,Shaanxi.A total of 19 indicators from the Luochuan,Xunyi and Baishui counties during the 2007-2016 decade were selected and analyzed,.Obstacles that limit the sustainable development of agriculture were diagnosed.The results showed that:1)The SADE of major apple production areas to the north of the Weihe River in Shaanxi Province was a mid sustainable development area from 2007 to 2016 in general,and their sustainable development capacities in descending order was Luochuan > Xunyi > Baishui.2) The main factors affected the sustainable development of Shaanxi were unsuitable fertilizer dosage,low soil fertility,low per capita food production,land area reduction,rural disaster and poor cultural level of rural labor force.To deal with these problems,it is necessary to increase the rate of straw,livestock and poultry manure returning to improve soil fertility;apply proper amount of chemical fertilizer;protect cultivated land resources to improve land use efficiency and improve local people's cultural quality.3) The Euclidean distance-based assessment method for sustainable agricultural development could reflect the local sustainable development situation.The agricultural sustainable development index (ASDI) of Luochuan,Xunyi and Baishui counties were[0.65,0.77],[0.63,0.67] and[0.58,0.63],respectively. Except for the low sustainability of Baishui in 2015 and 2016,the rest was in a state of continuous development.The result obtained for this study was intuitive,reliable and easy to understand.This method is feasible for sustainable agricultural development evaluation.Keywords：Shaanxi Province;major apple production area;sustainability of agricultural development;evaluation1|9|1<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：In order to investigate whether there is a synergy between agricultural insurance and agricultural credit,EEMD analysis method was used to study the annual data of agricultural insurance premium income and agricultural loan balance in Shandong Province from 1982 to 2015.The results show that both of agricultural insurance and agricultural credit are composed of high-frequency,low-frequency and trends,respectively.The Granger causality tests show that the high-frequency between agricultural insurance and agricultural loans are causally related to each other at the level of 1%.While there is two-way asymmetrical transmission relationship between low-frequency,at the level of 1%,only one-way causal relationship from agricultural loans to agricultural insurance,And at the 10% level,these two are related to each other.Keywords：ensemble empirical model decomposition (EEMD);agricultural insurance;agricultural credit;interactive performance0|7|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
