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- Abstract：To character maize grain moisture and related mechanical characteristics at normal and delayed harvest dates and clarify suitable type(s) of hybrid(s) for grain-harvesting in the North China Plain,28 popular hybrids released in this area were screened by comprehensive analysis of grain moisture content (GMC),ear and kernel related shearing forces and yield.The results showed that:The average GMC decreased from 35.5% to 27.4% but the kernel breakage resistance increased significantly with the delayed harvest date (P<0.01); Highly significant negative relationships between GMC and kernel shear forces were found,and the correlation coefficient of GMC to the shear force of kernel top was the highest (R=-0.796).Meanwhile,there was no significant correlation between yield and GMC and kernel shear forces.The results proclaimed the feasibility for hybrids selection with high yield,low GMC and high breakage resistance simultaneously in this region.In this research,‘Jingnongke 728’ was chosen to be the hybrid that was optimal fit for mechanical grain-harvesting according to the ideal yield 10 t/hm2 and GMC limitation 28%.Alternatively,‘Yudan 112’ and ‘Denghai 701’ could be the second choice in this area under 10 d delayed harvest.Keywords：summer maize;mechanical grain harvesting;hybrids;delayed harvest;grain moisture content;shear force;yield4|8|8<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：To study the variation of grain filling characteristics and grain quality of shading light,a field experiment including two light levels,nature light (no shading) and shading light (50% full radiation,produced by black sun-shade net of 50% light transmittance) from jointing to mature stage,and 5 planting densities of 4 500 (M1),5 250 (M2),6 000 (M3),6 750 (M4) and 7 500 thousand plants/hm2 (M5) were conducted to study the effects of grain filling characteristics and quality of winter wheat during jointing and maturity stage,which would provide theoretical basis for optimizing grain-crop intercropping in southern Xinjiang Vighur Autonomous Region.The results indicated that:compared with the nature light treatment,the grain filling rate was decreased significantly in the shading treatment,but the maximum grain filling time (tm) of the maximum filling rate (Vm) was earlier,the duration (Δt) of fast filling period was shortened by 1.8-3.6 d,grain test weight and milling yield reduction ranged from 4.98% to 6.69% and 2.70%-6.39%, respectively.The contents of grain protein,wet gluten,grain falling number and sedimentation volume of the shading treatment were significantly higher than those of the nature light,and the increasing range of those indexes was 1.60%-12.50%,2.65%-19.03%,2.58%-7.91%,0.16%-11.44%,respectively.The development time,stability time,extension area,extensibility,extension resistance and the maximum extension resistance of the shading were higher than those of nature light significantly,while the water absorption,degree of softening and draw ratio were lower than those of nature light significantly.The highest yield of shading and natural light were 5 250.26 kg/hm2 in M2 and 9 190.07 kg/hm2 in M3,respectively.Compared with the nature light treatment,the average yield and biomass of shading treatment in different planting population were decreased 45.43% and 28.45%,while harvest index increased 23.68%.Considering the quality indicators and grain yield comprehensively,under 50% shading condition,the planting population of 525×104 plants/hm2 could be a reference for field production in the walnut-wheat intercropping system of South Xinjiang.Keywords：shading;planting density;winter wheat;grain-filling properties;grain quality3|7|13<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：The effects of different rotation systems under zero tillage on soil properties were compared in this study.A long-term experiment involving three cropping systems was established in Chengdu Plain in 2004,which were rotary tillage without residue retention under wheat-rice rotation,which was local conventional practice (CW-CR),year-round zero tillage combined with residue mulching under wheat-rice system (ZW-ZR) and zero tillage with residue retention under oilseed rape-rice system (ZO-ZR).After 10 completed rotations,soil samples were collected from four soil layers (0-7.5,7.5-15.0,15.0-30.0,30.0-45.0 cm) to determine its soil physical and chemical properties and enzyme activity.Compared with CW-CR,continuous zero tillage increased topsoil organic carbon and available nitrogen content by 41.3%-52.2% and 33.6%-33.7%,respectively.However,soil available potassium content was significantly reduced under zero tillage systems in all four soil layers.Zero tillage also had a potential to increase the formation of large water-stable aggregates (diameter>2 mm),while,it had little effect on soil bulk density,porosity,maximum water holding capacity and enzyme activity.Under continuous zero tillage system,wheat-rice rotation was more favorable to the formation of water-stable aggregates with diameter more than 5 mm in the topsoil than oilseed rape-rice rotation,and there was no significant difference in other parameters for two systems.The highest soil quality index (SQI) in 0-7.5 cm soil depth was recorded in ZO-ZR,and the lowest was in CW-CR.Moreover,zero tillage was favorable for wheat and oilseed rape growth,but decreased rice yield by 8.7% and 4.6% averagely due to poor irrigated water retention.In the present study,zero tillage is beneficial to improve soil quality,especially ZO-ZR practice,but limits rice production incensement.Keywords：zero tillage;wheat-rice rotation;oilseed rape-rice rotation;soil properties;crop yield4|12|3<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Three tobacco varieties including ‘Jiyan 9’,‘Jiyan10’ and ‘Yanshai 6’ were selected to study the effects of cadmium (Cd) stress on their physiological responses.The results showed that Cd stress showed "low promotion and high inhibition" on tobacco growth and ‘Yanshai 6’ was the most sensitive to Cd stress among the three tobacco varieties.With the increase of Cd concentration,the chlorophyll content and activity of CAT and SOD increased firstly followed by a decrease.POD activity,MDA content and Pro content increased with the increase of Cd concentration.In conclusion,‘Yanshai 6’ had the strongest ability to enrich Cd among these three tobacco varieties.Keywords：tobacco;cadmium stress;agronomic characters;physiological and biochemical index3|7|11<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：In order to screen out the most suitable spraying concentration of selenium-rich mung bean sprouts,different concentrations of nano-selenium (0.00、0.06、0.19、0.38 and 0.57 mmol/L) were applied to mung bean sprouts,its growth indicators (root length,hypocotyl length,and crude hypocotyl),nutritional parameters (soluble sugar,soluble protein,ascorbic acid),oxidation resistance,oxidase activity (superoxide dismutase,peroxidase),phenol content (total phenols,total flavonoids),ABTS free radical scavenging power,and selenium content were investigated.The results indicated that nano-selenium had dual effects on the growth of mung bean sprouts,which means nano-selenium of low concentration can promote growth.However,higher concentration of nano-selenium had a toxic effect on mung bean sprouts,which inhibited its normal growth.The concentration of 0.19 mmol/L displayed optimum effects on the growth of mung bean sprouts:Compared with the control,the crude hypocotyls and hypocotyls length increased by 2.91% and 38.70% respectively;The contents of soluble protein,soluble sugar and ascorbic acid increased by 31.67%,51.18% and 44.32%,respectively;The activities of SOD and POD increased by 108.04% and 59.45%,respectively;It was also observed that the contents of total phenols and total flavonoids increased by 88.37% and 26.81%,respectively; The concentration of selenium in the mung bean sprouts with being treated at 0.19 mmol/L concentration was 3.04 mg/kg, which was within the safety standards.In conclusion,nano-selenium spraying concentration at 0.19 mmol/L was optimal for the production of selenium-enriched mung bean sprouts.Keywords：mung bean sprouts;nano-selenium;nutritional proprties;antioxidant activity3|9|5<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：The aims of this study were to understand the mRNA expression profile of yak BoLA-I gene,and to explore possible miRNAs targeting to BoLA-I gene.The mRNA expression of BoLA-I gene in 10 types yak tissue,e.g.liver,spleen,lung,kidney,muscle,ovary,small intestine,jaw,large intestine and mesenteric lymph nodes were investigated by RT-PCR.The possible miRNAs targeting to BoLA-I gene were predicted by TargetScan and miRBase software.Their tissue expression profiles were then analyzed by RT-PCR.The results showed that the mRNA of BoLA-I gene was expressed in all 10 detected yak tissues,especially widely expressed in immune organs.The expression level of mesenteric lymph nodes in yak was significantly higher than that in small intestine and large intestine (P<0.01).It was predicted that there were 28 miRNAs that could target the gene of yak BoLA-I,and 6 miRNAs among them were selected for expression analysis.It was found that bta-miR-759, the bta-miR-142-5 p,bta-miR-665,bta-miR-2322-5 p,and bta-miR-199-a-3 p were co-expressed with yak BoLA-I gene mRNA.bta-miR-219-5 p was expressed in other tissues except for ovaries,and the expression of bta-mir-142-5p in mesenteric lymph nodes was significantly higher than that in other tissues (P<0.01).The results inferred that the BoLA-I gene and its predicted miRNA might play an important role in yak tissue.Keywords：Yak;BoLA-I;mRNA;miRNA;tissue expression profile3|8|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：The aims of this study were to establish a method for isolation,culture,cryopreservation and resuscitation of ovine rumen epithelial cells (ORECs) and provide a functional cell model to study rumen function and the pathogenesis of related rumen diseases in ruminants.The rumen of sheep was used as the research object,and it was digested by trypsin continuous digestion at different times (40,30,20,10,10,8 and 5 min,respectively).H.E staining analysis and microscopic observation were then performed on each rumen tissue and digestive juice after each digestion to determine the time when the cells began to collect and terminate the digestion,and finally the collected ORECs were primary cultured.In subculture,ORECs were purified by differential digestion and differential adherence,and the ORECs were identified from cell morphology,cell growth curve,cytokeratin 18 (CK-18) immunofluorescence staining and the gene expression of epithelial cell marker E-cadherin and alkaline phosphatase.Then,the frozen solution of different volume formulas was set,the passage cells were frozen,and the optimal cryopreservation formula was determined by detecting the cell viability after resuscitation and the 24 h adherence rate.The results showed that:After the fourth digestion,the spinous layer of rumen tissue was basically digested,and the cells were collected at this time;After the seventh digestion,the basal cells of the rumen epithelium were basically digested,and the digested cells were terminated;After purification,the passaged cells showed a uniform "paving stone" morphology,the growth curve was obviously "S" shape,and the CK-18 immunofluorescence staining was positive.Meanwhile,the expression of epithelial cell-specific marker proteins E-cadherin and alkaline phosphatase were detectable by PCR.In addition,ORECs were cryopreserved by cryopreservation at different volume formulas and it is found that when the cryopreservation formula was VFBS:VDMEM:VDMSO=9:0:1,the cell viability and adherence rate of ORECs was the highest,and the cells after passage were well grown.In conclusion,the in vitro isolation,culture,cryopreservation and resuscitation methods for ORECs were successfully established in this study.Keywords：sheep;rumen epithelial cells;primary culture;subculture;cryopreservation;resuscitation0|8|3<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：In order to explore the research progress on the maternal behavior of sheep,the influencing factors and the neuroendocrine and molecular mechanisms regulating maternal behavior,literatures related to sheep's maternal behavior were searched by using sheep's maternal behavior,influencing factors,neuroendocrine,and molecular mechanism as keywords.The results showed that:The expression of maternal behavior promoted the development of the mother-young interactions;Ewe breeds,parity,temperament,litter size,pen size and nutrition in pregnancy effected on the expression of maternal behavior;Hormones (estrogen,oxytocin) and neurotransmitters (glutamate, γ-aminobutyric acid,nitric oxide,noradrenaline) released in ewes regulated maternal behavior,and DNA methylation might be one of the molecular mechanisms regulating maternal behavior.It was found that the influencing factors and neuroendocrine regulation mechanism of sheep maternal behavior were fully investigated,while there was still a lack of the molecular mechanism of regulating the maternal behavior.0|7|1<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：In order to explore the expression and function of 5GT gene in the synthesis of anthocyanins in Vitis amurensis,the full-length cDNA sequence of V.amurensis 5GT gene was cloned by RT-PCR with V.amurensis (GenBank accession number GU237133).The protein was bioinformatically analyzed to predict its function.The expression of Vam5GT gene in V.amurensis was detected by qPCR.The complete ORF of the gene was ligated into the prokaryotic expression vector pET28a.Escherichia coli Bl2 (DE3) was induced and its expression was induced by different concentrations of IPTG.The expression product was detected by SDS-PAGE.The expression vector pC5GT was constructed and transformed into Agrobacterium GV3101.The genetic transformation of Arabidopsis thaliana was carried out by soaking inflorescence with bacterial solution.The results showed that the cloned Vam5GT cDNA was 1 497 bp in length and 1 347 bp of ORF,encoding 448 amino acids.This protien's relative molecular mass was 49.84 ku and isoelectric point was 5.23 indicating it was unstable protein.This gene belongs to the UDPGT supergene family and does not contain a signal peptide.The expression abundance of Vam5GT was highest in the pericarp of V.amurensis at 4 weeks after flowering,and the expression was decreased in other periods.The prokaryotic expression product of this gene was consistent with the expected size,indicating that the prokaryotic expression was successful,and it was on the medium containing 50 mg/L kanomycin.T0 generation seeds were screened.Two positive seedlings were obtained successively,and the transformation rate was 0.05%.The two resistant plants transplanted and survived were positive for PCR detection.2|8|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：In order to analyze the effects of different environmental conditions on the biofilm formation of Dickeya zeae MS1,crystal violet assay was used to evaluate the biofilm formation.The results showed that:The ability of D.zeae MS1 to form biofilm was strongest in yeast extract peptone broth (YPB);The biofilm biomass reached peak after supplied with 1% peptone and then decreased with 1%-4% peptone addition;The A600 of the D.zeae MS1 biofilm was significantly higher in large amount of nutrient culture system (198 μL YPB + 2 μL of suspension) than that of other culture system.A600 of D.zeae MS1 biofilm was highest in 24 h,and then decreased with incubation time.The ability of exponential bacteria cells on biofilm formation was stronger than plateau bacteria cells.Within 102-108 CFU/mL,the initial bacterial concentration of D.zeae MS1 exhibited no significantly effect on biofilm formation.The A600 values of D.zeae MS1 biofilm increased with the incubation temperatures of 17-32℃ and peaked in 32℃.The remarkably higher A600 values of D. zeae MS1 biofilm was pH 6-8.In conclusion,D.zeae MS1 was able to form stable biofilm under different environmental conditions.Keywords：soft rot disease;Dickeya zeae;biofilm;environmental factors0|9|3<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：To further understand the AM fungi types in songnen saline-alkaline grassland of dandelion (Taraxacum mongolicum) root circumstance,rich the diversity of AM fungi resources,as well as provide new approaches and ideas for more efficient ecological remediation of saline-alkaline agricultural land,the morphological identification method was used to explore the infection characteristics and diversity of AM fungi.The results showed that:1) In the soil ecological environment with different pH,the dandelion root system was symbiotic with AM fungi.A typical paris-type (p type) mycorrhizal structure was formed,and the colonization rate reached 100%.2) Morphological identification of the AM fungi spores in the surrounding soil of dandelion root extracted by wet screening method was carried out.A total of 21 species of 6 genera were identified,including 10 species from Glomus,the dominant genus in the root of dandelion in this region.There were Acaulospora (5 species),Scutellospora (3 species),and Pacific spora,Archaeospor and Gigaspora (1 species each).3) The high infection rate in this experiment indicated that the mildly alkaline soil was conducive to the affinity between AM fungi and host plants as well as the growth of AM fungi,and the pH range of the site was suitable for mycelium growth.Keywords：saline-alkaline grassland;AM fungi;Taraxacum mongolicum;diversity0|11|6<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：In order to understand the genetic difference and phylogenic relationship within and between the Fusarium species in Fusarium oxysporum and Lee harp Fusarium group,the genetic diversity of 57 Fusarium strains separated from different disease plants was examined by inter-simple sequence repeats (ISSR).A total of 11 primers were used to amplify three Fusarium isolates.The results showed that 121 fragments were amplified,among which the number of polymorphic loci was 117 accounting for 96.7% of the total amplified fragments.Each primer produced 11 fragments on average.The genetic diversity was analyzed according to the amplified results and the ISSR analysis was adopted to investigate the genetic diversity.A total of 57 Fusarium strains showed genetic similarity coefficient between 0.568-0.992.When the genetic similarity coefficient was set at 0.568,these tested strains could be clearly divided into two groups:The first group included No.1 to 35 straines,which belonged to F.oxysporum;The second group included No.36 to 57 strains,which belonged to Lee harp Fusarium group.The second group had 2 subgroups:The first subgroup was F.verticillioides,and the second subgroup was F.proliferatum.There was a certain level correlation between the classification of ISSR groups and the classification of Fusarium strains,and there was no correlation with the geographical origin of the strains.In conclusion,the 57 Fusarium strains showed significant genetic differences between species and within species.Keywords：Fusarium;genetic diversity;ISSR technology;morphological taxonomy0|9|4<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：To explore the factors regulating the Ascosphaera apis-resistance difference between Apis cerana cerana and Apis mellifera ligustica larvae,Venn analysis,GO classification analysis and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis and Ka/Ks analysis were adopted in this study.The Venn analysis showed there were 17 656 homologous genes belonging to 8 111 genes families between A.c.cerana and A.m.ligustica,and 1 158 and 241 unique genes belonging to 468 and 86 gene families,respectively.The GO classification suggested these unique genes were involved in 38 and 28 GO terms,respectively.The KEGG pathway enrichment analysis demonstrated the unique genes were enriched in 96 and 21 pathways.Further analysis showed the unique genes of A.c.cerana were enriched in 4 cellular immune pathways including endocytosis,and 2 humoral immune pathways including MAPK signaling pathway,while only one unique gene of A.m.ligustica was enriched in MAPK signaling pathway.The Ka/Ks analysis indicated there were respectively 37,281,2 630 and 3 269 homologous genes with a single copy under strong positive selection,weak positive selection,neutral selection and negative selection.GO classification and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis were further performed for homologous gene with a single copy under strong positive selection,and the result suggested that the enriched GO terms were the same between A.c.cerana and A.m.ligustica,and only one single-copy homologous gene of the latter was enriched in oxidative phosphorylation.The above results demonstrated that the difference in the quantity of immunity-related genes might be a significant factor leading to the A.apis-resistance difference between A.c.cerana and A.m.ligustica larvae.A.c.cerana might enhance the utilization of energy to limit the proliferation of A.apis.This study would provide basice foundation to clarify the molecular mechanism underlying the A.apis-resistance difference between A.c.cerana and A.m.ligustica larvae.0|8|4<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：In view of the traditional machine learning using artificial extraction feature method,due to the subjectivity of humans affecting the effect of insect recognition and the accuracy of counting,this study uses the automatic extraction of image features and introduces the deep learning target detection model into insect recognition.Compared with the counting field,the Faster-RCNN target detection model is improved:In view of the small insect size and low image resolution,the deep residual network (ResNet50) with deeper network depth and smaller computational capacity is used rather than the original VGG16.To extract more abundant features.Because of the high density of some insects,the Soft-NMS algorithm is used to replace the traditional non-maximum value suppression (NMS) algorithm in order to reduce the missed detection in dense areas.The results show that the improved Faster-RCNN model has an accuracy of 90.7%,which is 4.2% higher than that of the unmodified Faster-RCNN model,and can be applied to the classification and counting of insects.The use of deep learning target detection model for insect identification and counting is more convenient than traditional insect identification and counting methods.It can integrate insect identification,localization and counting.Keywords：insect identification;insect count;Faster-RCNN;ResNet;Soft-NMS5|8|12<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：In order to improve the physical and chemical properties of the coastal saline soil and make it suitable for crop growth,this study studied the interaction of earthworms (Eisenia fetida) and the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (Rhizophagus intraridices) on the coastal saline soil.In a pot experiment,4 treatments were designed and maize was taken as the research object:no mycorrhizal or earthworms (CK);inoculated mycorrhizal fungi (AM);added earthworms (EW);added earthworms and mycorrhizal fungi (AM+EW).The soil physical and chemical properties and growth indexes under different treatments were determined.The results showed that adding earthworms and inoculating mycorrhizal fungi reduced soil pH and the content of total salt (P<0.05),and improved maize nutrient uptake (P<0.05).Earthworms promoted the colonization of mycorrhizal fungi (P<0.05).The interaction between earthworms and mycorrhiza fungi reduced the content of water soluble total salt by 25.4%.The interaction increased the surface area of maize roots by 51.8%,the absorption of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium by 31.1%,21%,48.3% respectively,and the shoot biomass by 80.2%.In conclusion,adding earthworms and mycorrhizal fungi to the coastal saline soil reduced the soil pH and the content of water soluble total salt,improved the rhizosphere environment of plants and the nutrient and biomass of maize in soil,and promoted the growth of maize roots and absorption of soil nutrients.Keywords：coastal saline soil;biological improvement;earthworm;AM fungi2|9|4<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Traditional wet curtain fan systems have disadvantages such as uneven temperature and humidity,inability to regulate cold air temperature,high requirements for greenhouse sealing and is not suitable for solar greenhouses.In this study,learning from the cooling method of next generation semi-enclosed greenhouse abroad,research on the structure optimization and application effects of the positive-pressure wet curtain fan cooling system in solar greenhouses are performed.The results show that the optimal wet curtain fan system parameters is:Wet curtain thickness 150 mm, water flow rate 4 L/(min·m2),50 cm ventilator diameter,uniform perforation,20 cm hole spacing,1 cm aperture,reflective film material;Being different from the control greenhouse,the maximum cooling temperature of the system is 10℃.The indoor temperature is lower than the outdoor during the test.The temperature difference is within 2℃ on 1.5 m above the horizontal.The humidity difference is within 7%,and the temperature difference below 3 m from the ground in the vertical direction is within 3℃.The cooling system can effectively reduce the temperature of the solar greenhouse in summer,and the temperature and humidity in the greenhouse are relatively uniform,which can provide effective summer cooling measures for China's energy-saving solar greenhouses.Keywords：solar greenhouse;cooling effect;wet curtain fan;duct;cooling efficiency;temperature and humidity0|10|3<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：In order to enhance the filming and covering quality of full-film double-furrow ridge mulching machine and reduce soil erosion and surface runoff,offset bearing,cam mandrel and ground wheel tooth types of transverse soil-belt stacking mechanism are proposed.Using SolidWorks Motion to perform motion simulation and mechanism analysis on three mechanisms,transverse soil-belt stacking mechanism with short working time and quick-return characteristics is selected and field verification tests are carried out.The simulation results show that:Under the same simulation parameters,the ground wheel tooth type transverse soil-belt stacking mechanism completes one time work that required for the shaking the soil to press the film is only 0.29 s,shaking soil plate displacement is 530.45 mm,inclination angle and open angle are respectively 29.00° and 21.39°,and the maximum motor power consumption is minimal.The field verification test shows that the width pass rate of transverse soil-belt is 96.5%,the clearance pass rate is 95.3%,and the thickness pass rate is 95.5%.Compared with the offset bearing type and cam mandrel type,the ground wheel tooth type transverse soil-belt stacking mechanism has uniform soil release quality and obvious quick-return characteristic that is not easy to stick soil,consumes the least amount of energy,and has good effect of filming and covering quality.It meets the requirements of full-film double-furrow operation and it is suitable to be used in ridge mulching laminating machine.Keywords：full-film double-furrow;ridge mulching laminating machine;transverse soil-belt stacking mechanism;institutional simulation2|9|4<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：This study aimed to explore the correlation of the dried jujube quality traits of Zhongyangmuzao(Ziziphus jujuba Mill.‘Zhongyangmuzao’)systematic cultivars and construct a comprehensive evaluation system.A total of 19 Zhongyangmuzao cultivars were used as the experimental materials.Correlation analysis and improved factor analysis were used to analyze the fourteen quality indices of fruit of the Zhongyangmuzao cultivars,the comprehensive evaluation scores of these cultivars were calculated,and the superiority rank of nineteen cultivars was done.Based on the above analyses,the weighted principal factor score of the Zhongyangmuzao cultivars as new variable was used to Q-mode cluster analysis,and the discriminant analysis was used to test the result of cluster analysis.The result showed that:Great differences of variations were found in the soluble sugar/titratable acid of dry jujube,stone weight,acid content of dry jujube,dry jujube weight,fresh fruit weight and resistant to cracking of the Zhongyangmuzao cultivars.By using factor analysis,the primary 5 comprehensive indices separately with a cumulative contribution rate 92.226%,which reflected most of the variance information.The top seven cultivars with higher scores of comprehensive evaluation were Linhuang 1,Jinyuanhong,Fangmuzao,Changtiaozao,Shaanbeichangzao,Muzao kanglie 1 and Bantiaozao.According to scores of the weighted principal 5 factors,the 19 Zhongyangmuzao cultivars were clustered into 4 groups:Linhuang 1,Jinyuanhong,Changtiaozao,Shaanbeichangzao had the higher score,fine drying performance and more resistant to cracking;Muzaokanglie 1,Fangmuzao and Bantiaozao are better,which have high score,small fruit,fine resistant to cracking and nice flavor;Muzao 1 and Shuaizao cultivars are poor in drying jujube quality,which have big fruit,loose texture of flesh and bad resistant to cracking,but the cultivars are suited to process candied jujube;Other 8 cultivars are general overall.The result of the discriminant analysis agreed with that of cluster analysis.Linhuang 1,Jinyuanhong,Changtiaozao,Shaanbeichangzao,Muzaokanglie 1,Fangmuzao and Bantiaozao have stronger resistant to cracking and better drying fruit quality,and these cultivars have higher popularization and application value in hill jujube area along Yellow River of western Shanxi.The above methods evaluated and classified Zhongyangmuzao cultivars,and gained the quantitative results which could comprehensively and objectively evaluate the quality of dried jujube,and reflected the effectiveness of the evaluation method and classification.Keywords：jujube;quality of dried jujube;factor analysis;cluster analysis;discriminant analysis;comprehensive evaluation2|7|2<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Vegetation cover is an important indicator to assess the function of regional environment.In this study,based on the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) NDVI data set and the historical climate observations,the Linear regression,Hurst index and correlation analysis methods were combined to investigate the spatial-temporal change of vegetation cover and its climatic driving in Henan Province since the 21st century.The results showed that:Overall,the vegetation cover of Henan Province exhibited a pronounced geographical heterogeneity,and NDVI frequency was characterized by a unimodal structure.A majority (84.59%) of Henan Province displayed an increasing trend in annual NDVI with significant increase in 57.48% of the entire area,with an average rate of 4% per 10 years at the regional scale during the last 16 years.In future,the same characteristics of vegetation cover change would be stronger indicating that vegetation cover in most part of the study area is predicted to increase,while its degradation trends are mainly found in the parts of Zhengzhou City,Luoyang City and Jiaozuo City.In addition,the vegetation cover trends showed a remarkable heterogeneous corresponding to regional climate variations.Increase in the vegetation cover over the plain areas was primarily attributed to the annual average temperature rising,but annual average maximum temperature change was responsible for the decreased vegetation growth in the mountain region.0|10|2<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：In order to understand the effect of organic manure application on the community structure of soil macrofauna in cultivated black soil,a fixed-point test was carried out in the planting base of Zhalaid Banner Agricultural Science and Technology Demonstration Park in Hinggan League,Inner Mongolia from June to September 2016.The effects of different application rates of organic manure 0 (OM1),15 000 (OM2),30 000 (OM3) and 45 000 kg/hm2 (OM4) on the community structure of soil macrofauna were studied.A total of 2 628 soil macrofauna were captured,belonging to 46 groups.The results showed that the groups such as the Staphylinidae,Lumbricidae and Curculionidae larvae had the highest adaptability to the gradient of organic manure application.The OM4 treatment significantly increased the individual density of soil macrofauna (P<0.05),and the OM3 treatment increased the number of soil macrofauna groups,but did not reach significant difference (P>0.05).The diversity index and evenness index were the highest under the OM1 treatment,and the richness index was improved by the OM3 treatment,but there was no significant difference (P>0.05).The soil macrofauna had obvious convergence after the organic manure application,and the convergence increased with the increasing of organic manure fertilization gradient.The functional groups of soil macrofauna were mainly rotted,and the number of individuals increased with the increasing of organic manure application.The principal component analysis (PCA) showed that the number of groups and the number of individuals of soil macrofauna such as Enchytraeidae,Staphylinidae,the larvae of the Dolichopodadae and the larvae of the Scarabaeoidae were most sensitive to the changes of the external environment,and it can be used as an evaluation index to investigate the effects of organic manure application and alleviate the black land degradation in the black soil region of Northeast China.Keywords：soil macrofauna;organic manure;community structure;tillage black soil;functional groups3|11|4<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：With the rapid development of economic in the middle reaches of Heihe River,the water consumption has kept increasing,which causes a decrease of surface water flow and a serious deterioration of the ecological environment in the lower reaches.In order to obtain sustainable agricultural water-allocation scheme of the Heihe River basin,a multi-objective optimization model taking full consideration of the random feature of surface runoff is developed.The model has three objectives including economic,social and resource,which can be solved by the method integrating analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and the linear weighting method.The results show that:Comparing with the actual water allocation scheme,there is 3.358×108 m3 reduction in the total water consumption,0.380 kg/m3 the water productivity increasement and 3.89×107 Yuan in the water costs.In conclusion,the optimization scheme can not only save irrigation water and increase crop yield in the study area,but also provide local water resources management department a reasonable allocation scheme to maintain the sustainable development of agriculture.Additionally,this study can provide method for managing agricultural water resources in the similar areas.Keywords：multi-objective programming;water resources optimization allocation;stochastic programming;Heihe River basin2|8|10<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：In order to improve the emergency response and rescue capability of township governments,realize emergency resource sharing,reduce emergency costs,improve emergency efficiency,this study adopts the inventory-transport nonlinear mixed planning model,with stores and transfer quantity as decision variables in township coordination areas.The amount of material reserves and the total cost of transportation are studied,and the demand for emergency materials under different flood patterns in the townships and villages in Fangshan District is verified.The results show that:The critical point of the food/water protection rate is above 0.3,and the total cost of the increase in the rate of protection increases slowly;Drug and the quilt rate of protection is almost linearly positively correlated with the total cost,compared with food/water and drugs.Its price is higher and the penalty cost is lower,so the guarantee rate is not high.Keywords：public emergency material;collaborate;storage;supply;Fangshan District0|8|5<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：In order to explore the impact of external factors on China's meat price,this study selected monthly data from January 2006 to December 2016,and used SVAR model to study the impact of external shocks on China's major meat prices from three aspects including supply,demand and currency.The results showed that:Except for the price of meat itself,the exchange rate had the most significant impact on the price of meat,while the other external shocks had different effects on the meat varieties;In terms of supply factors,the impact of international meat prices on domestic meat prices could not be ignored,especially for domestic pork and beef prices;In terms of demand factors,the increasing demand driven by macroeconomic development had an important impact on domestic meat prices,especially the prices of mutton and beef;In terms of monetary factors,besides the exchange rate shocks,the domestic and foreign monetary liquidity level had a significant impact on the domestic mutton and beef prices.Keywords：external shock;exchange rate;import;money supply;meat price2|9|1<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：In order to analyze the effect of technology adoption on the technical efficiency of livestock husbandry production,this study used quantile regression and decomposition method and based on the survey data of 247 fine-wool sheep farmers in Xinjiang,Inner Mongolia,Qinghai and Gansu provinces.The results showed that the Chinese's fine-wool sheep production had an increase in the scale of returns,but the efficiency of roughage utilization still had room for improvement.The technology adoption had a certain improvement on the production efficiency of fine-wool sheep,but the improvement space was limited to the scale of farming.The efficiency improvement of animal husbandry production technology brought about by technology adoption would gradually be consumed as the technical efficiency increases,and there was a "Marginal diminishing" effect between agricultural output and technology adoption.Keywords：stochastic frontier analysis;quantile regression decomposition;technology adoption;technical efficiency0|7|1<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：In order to understand the relationship between animal disease purification and the production efficiency of farms,this study collected the survey data of 297 large-scale chicken farms in China from 2011 to 2015.A beyond logarithmic production function model and a technology loss function model were constructed to explore the impact of disease purification on the production technical efficiency of chicken farms.The results indicated that the purification of pullorum disease and other diseases effectively improve the production technology efficiency.Specifically,the disease purification had some effects on the production technical efficiency in layer farm,but not obvious and displayed a significant impact on the production technical efficiency in broiler farm.From a regional viewpoint,the purification of pullorum disease improved the production technology efficiency of chicken farms in North China,South China,and Northeast China significantly,and the purification of avian leukosis improved the production technology efficiency of chicken farms in East China and Northwest China significantly,and the purification of other diseases did not improve the production and technical efficiency of chicken farms in various regions significantly.In conclusion,to achieve the goal of purifying 16 major diseases it was recommended that the state should strengthen the promotion of the disease purification policy and encourage more farms (households) to actively carry out this work,give full play to the role of the market,and guide the farms to carry out disease purification orderly and gradually.Keywords：chicken farm;disease purification;scale farming;production technology efficiency0|8|1<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：The efficiency of agricultural production and the impact of agriculture on the environment are currently hot research directions of all walks of life.The research using carbon production efficiency as the core tool for analysis combines the two issues organically.Based on the survey data of rural households and by using the life cycle assessment method,the carbon input and output and carbon footprint of different types of vegetable production were measured.The DEA method,Tobit model and CLAD method were then used to analyze the carbon production efficiency of different types of facilities and their influencing factors.The results indicated that:1) The carbon footprint of vegetable production by different types of facilities was negative so that the production of facilities vegetables had a positive externality to the ecological environment;2) The carbon efficiency of facility vegetable production was low,indicating that the resource allocation efficiency was not high under the carbon perspective;Among them,the carbon efficiency of cold shed was higher than that of greenhouse production,the pure technology carbon efficiency was lower and the scale carbon efficiency was higher,indicating that the production scale of farmers was close to optimal.In addition,the technology and management level of greenhouse farmers were lower than that of cold shed farmers;3) Decision-makers were engaged in the production of vegetables in the facility,family annual income,the use of soil testing and formula fertilization technology had a significant positive impact on carbon efficiency.Vegetable production facilities type and per capita vegetable planting area had a significant negative impact on carbon efficiency.Based on this study,corresponding countermeasures and suggestions were put forwarded.Keywords：vegetable production;carbon footprint;carbon efficiency;DEA-Tobit model1|7|1<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
