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- Abstract：To explore the temporal and spatial dynamics of carbon footprint and analysis the sustainability of wheat production in China.A study was conducted to assess the carbon footprint (CF) and sustainability index of wheat production in China using statistical data from 2005-2014.The result showed that wheat field was a sink of carbon.Among the inventories,the input of fertilizer emitted the most greenhouse gases (GHGs) of wheat production occupied about 55.25%-64.77% of the total CF.Additionally,significant increases in net carbon sequestration and sustainability index were observed with increases in wheat production from 2005 to 2014.Furthermore net carbon sequestration,CF per area,and sustainability index could be enhanced by 3.56×107 t (R2=0.663,P<0.01) 434.2 kg/hm2 (R2=0.328,P<0.05) and 0.50 (R2=0.949,P<0.01) respectively when wheat production increased every 1 000 kg.Therefore,improving wheat production could promote the carbon sink capacity of wheat filed.Obvious spatial differences of sustainability index in China indicated a rising trend in Hebei,Anhui,Hubei and Shanxi provinces,and a moderating trend in Heilongjiang,Xinjiang,Yunnan.The environmental impacts from GHG emission on wheat production were alleviated recent years.Strategies were put forwarded to enhance soil fertility and sustaining agriculture in wheat production,including proper use of agricultural materials (i.e.,irrigation and chemical fertilizer inputs) for wheat production in China,which could make a certain contribution to energy saving and emission reduction,and consequently enhance sustainability and mitigate climate change.Keywords：wheat;carbon footprint;sustainability index;climate change0|10|6<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：A successive three-year field experiment was conducted to explore the water use characteristics of no-irrigating winter wheat under storing available soil water before sowing in the North China Plain.The experiment included two water treatments,no-irrigation (W0) and supplement-irrigation (75 mm at jointing +75 mm at flowering,W2) during wheat growth stage.Both treatments had available soil water of additional 75 mm water before sowing.The results showed that the grain yield of W0 was reduced by 16.6% compared to W2 due to lower spike number and kernel number per spike.The W0 treatment reduced the total water consumption amount by 52 mm,with lower water consumption per day after jointing.Because of no irrigation,the W0 treatment extracted more storage soil water at the 0-100 cm soil layer before flowering,while at maturity,its maximum extraction depth being 200 cm,holding an enlarged soil reservoir capacity for summer precipitation.There was no significant difference in water use efficiency between W0 and W2 treatments.Therefore,no-irrigating wheat under storing available soil water before sowing was a potential water-saving pattern that maintaining food safely in production and reducing pumping groundwater in the North China Plain.Keywords：winter wheat;grain yield;no-irrigating regime;soil water consumption;water use efficiency3|8|4<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：In order to explore the effects of raising geese in cornfield on weed diversity,soil physical and chemical properties and maize growth status in farmland ecosystem.An experimental plot,which was located in Zhangmai Village,Bayi Town,Linzhi County,was taking as study object to investigate the similarities and differences between raising geese in cornfield (RGC) and control on the biodiversity of weeds in farmland ecosystem,physical and chemical properties of soil and growth of maize.The results showed that:1) RGC had 19 species of weeds,which were mainly composite,while CK had only 9 species.The total weed density of API was 15.42 times as much as that in CK,showing a significant difference (P>0.05).In RGC,the distribution of the dominant weed was considerably large.The number of dicotyledonous angiosperm and annual/biennial was much higher than other five functional groups.2) The soil moisture content of RGC was 1.27% higher than that of the control,which was not significantly different from that of the control (P>0.05);3) With the deepening of soil,the compactness of RGC and CK soil gradually increased,and RGC had a significant effect on soil compactness;4) The content of available nitrogen and K of CK were 86.48 and 161.07 mg/kg,2.67,28.66 mg/kg higher than RGC (P>0.05),but the content of available K in RGC was 120.98 mg/kg,1.14 times as much as CK which was 106.25 mg/kg (P<0.05),the content of available phosphorus in RGC was 120.98 mg/kg,which was 1.14 times of the control (P>0.05).In conclusion,the RGC treatment increased the number,species and biomass of weeds in farmland system,improved biodiversity,reduced soil compaction,increased soil water content and soil nutrient content,and however affected maize plant growth.Keywords：geese;corn fields;weeds;biodiversity;soil nutrients;basic characters of maize0|12|2<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：The traits of nutritive and flower organs of Phalaenopsis ‘Sogo Vivien’ self-crossing S1 generation were statically analyzed.The results showed that the averages of plant height,plant width,leaf length,leaf width,leaf number,peduncle lateral branch number and flower number in single peduncle all fell slightly than the parent.However,the six flower organ traits of flower color,shading model,flower length,flower diameter,peduncle length and flowers in main inflorescence were better than parent and,the advantages of flower color and shading model were especially obvious.Three types of flower color were separated from one type of the parent.Flower color "light purple" and "purple",and the shading model "line" had majority of 30.39%、58.36% and 80.86% of individuals in total in S1 generation which reflected parents' flower color and shading model.The flower color,shading model,flower length,flower diameter,peduncle length and flowers in main inflorescence of flower ogans were the most important parts in Phalaenopsis,and it was also the main selection direction of breeding material.Therefore,it was possible to choose breeding materials which were better than parent in S1 generation.Keywords：Phalaenopsis;self-crossing;S;1;generation;traits;genetic performance1|7|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：The aim of this study was to screen the Lactobacillus with efficient cholesterol-lowering ability and discover its beneficial potency.Eleven Lactobacillus strains were isolated from homemade pickle samples and screened for high cholesterol-lowering by phthalic aldehyde method and 16S rDNA molecular biology identification.The acid tolerance,bile tolerance and antibacterial tests were then conducted to analyze their probiotic properties.The results showed that:1) High cholesterol-lowering strains,PL2,PL5,PL16 and PL19,were obtained from the screen,and their cholesterol degradation rate were 48.22%,51.67%,48.43% and 48.56%,respectively.2) The four strains were identified as L.plantarum by morphological observation and molecular biology identification.3) All strains survived in pH 2.0 for three hours.Strains PL2 and PL5 survived under ambient of 0.3% bile salt concentration for three hours.4) It was found that strain PL5 displayed significant inhibitory effect on four common pathogens.In conclusion,strain PL5 was a potential probiotics with excellent cholesterol-lowering effect.Keywords：Lactobacillus plantarum;cholesterol-lowering;acid tolerance;bile salt tolerance;antibacterial effect0|8|1<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Sheep belong to warm-blooded animals and their body temperature usually remain in a relative narrow physiological range to ensure the need of health,survival and reproduction.In general,the sheep can tolerance heat stress and keep their thermal equilibrium state by maintaining the balance of heat production and dissipation.The mechanism of heat adjustment in sheep is regulated by hypothalamus.Heat stress can increase body's internal heat,affect the control of heat exchange and then affect the behavior and physiology of sheep resulting in the decrease of body weight and average daily gain and affecting the health and reproduction of livestock.These effects are influenced by the breeds of sheep,the feeding model and individual variation.The effects of heat stress on the behavior and physiology of sheep were reviewed in this paper in order to provide references to reduce thermal stress damage,improve animal welfare and increase production.Keywords：sheep;heat stress;temperature control;behavior;physiology0|9|5<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：The aim of this study was to examine the effect of alfalfa flavonoids (AF) on the gene expression of milk component synthesis in bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMECs) induced by lipopolysaccharide(LPS).BMECs were cultured on media without LPS+AF (Con),and with 1 μ g/mL LPS (L),1 μ g/mL LPS+75 μ g/mL AF(L+F),75 μ g/mL AF(F) at 37℃ with 5% CO2 for 12 h.The expression of gene related to milk component synthesis was evaluated.The results showed:1) Compared with the control group,the L and L+F treatment groups showed significant decrease in JAK2 expression (P<0.01),but significant increase in the expressions of STAT5 and eIF4E (P<0.01).The relative expressions of 4EBP1 and S6K1 were significantly higher in the L+F treatment group than in the F treatment group (P<0.01),L treatment and control groups (P<0.05),respectively.2) The relative expression of SREBP1 was significantly lower in the F treatment group than that of the L treatment group (P<0.05),whereas the PPAR-γ showed the opposite result.The relative expressions of FATP1 and FATP4 were significantly lower in the F treatment group than in the L and L+F treatment groups (P<0.01),whereas the FABP3 and ACACA had the opposite result.The relative expression of SCD1 was significantly higher in the control group than in other groups (P<0.01).3) Compared with the control group,the L+F treatment group showed significantly higher expression levels of Glut1 (P<0.05), Glut8 (P<0.01) and Glut4 (P<0.05).The relative expression of HK2 was significantly lower in the F treatment group than in the L+F and L treatment groups (P<0.05),and the relative expression of β-1,4-Gal T was the lowest in the F treatment group.This study showed that alfalfa flavonoids might inhibit milk fat synthesis of BMECs cultured without LPS.Alfalfa flavonoids might promote lactose and protein synthesis of BMECs induced by LPS.Keywords：alfalfa flavonoids;lipopolysaccharide;mammary epithelial cells;dairy cow0|7|1<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of low-abundant soybean protein(LAP)extracts on immune function and antioxidant capacity in mice.A total of 180 weaned mice aged 21 d were chosen and randomly divided into 5 groups with 36 mice in each group.The trial took 28 days,200 μ L of LAP extracts with different protein concentration (0,0.5,1.0,2.0 and 4.0 mg protein respectively) were given by gavage administration.The results showed:1) At 7 d,the number of leukocyte,lymphocyte and neutrophils of blood in all treatment groups were higher than in the control.Those in group D4.0 mg were significantly higher than in the control (P<0.01);2) The spleen index in group D4.0 mg was higher than other experimental groups at 7 d and 28 d;and the relative transcript levels of IL-2 and TNF-α gene in spleen in all treatment groups were higher than those in the control at 7 d;3)The T-AOC of serum in group D4.0 mg was lower than in other experimental groups at 7 d.The T-AOC of serum in all treatment groups was higher than in the control and the relative transcript levels of SOD and GPX genes in mice liver of group D4.0 mg were lower than those in other experimental groups at 28 d.In conclusion,the gavage administration of LAP extracts to mice resulted in the allergic reaction of mice at initial test stage and the group D4.0 mg was most significant,and the allergic reaction was relieved or disappeared at late test stage and the antioxidant ability of mice was increased.Keywords：low-abundant soybean protein;mice;immune function;antioxidant ability0|8|5<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of oil and salt on the anti-oxidant capacity,sensory acceptance and the relationship between these indicators of green leafy vegetables.The water-soluble antioxidants and 3 anti-oxidant capacity indices,namely ORAC,DPPH and FRAP,were measured for Chinese kale and spinach during the cooking process by added different levels of oil and salt.The sensory acceptance of vegetable samples was also evaluated.The results showed that oil had an adverse impact on the retention of total phenols and beneficial effect on total tannin,while salt didn’t have the same effect.When adding 0.5 g of salt and 2.5 g of oil to 100 g of vegetables,the antioxidants and anti-oxidant capacity were best preserved.Moreover,this cooking method was most acceptable and met the dietary pattern of less fat and salt.Keywords：domestic preparation;Chinese kale;spinach;anti-oxidant capacity;sensory evaluation0|7|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Aiming at the uncertainty of rainfall in optimal allocation of agricultural water resources,based on the traditional interval planning,the theory of dual-interval planning was introduced,and the maximum net benefit of farmers' planting as the objective function was used,and the combination of surface water and groundwater irrigation optimization model of crop irrigation water was established in this study.Hong Yashan Irrigation District of Minqin County,Wuwei City was taken as study object,The results show that the dual- interval programming to optimize irrigation of crops,wheat,maize,seed melon.The irrigation quotas were:[[179.81,191.81],[353.89,365.89]],[[119.46,141.46],[270.57,292.57]],[[180.04,213.04],[267.49,290.49]].Compared to the current situation,the amount of water saving reached 3%,27%,4%.It was found that the use of dual interval planning not only solved the problem of irrigation water optimization in irrigation area,but also provided greater decision space for decision makers and increased the practicability and reliability of the model.Keywords：irrigation water;Jensen model;a dual-interval programming;non-linear programming0|7|2<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：In order to realize automatic variable spray and man-machine separation in greenhouse environment,self-propelled and mist sprayer machine with automatic variable spray system is designed based on Wi-Fi and fuzzy control.The system uses the STM32 Micro Controller Unit as core,the Socket programming technology in the Eclipse development environment to realize the two-way communication between the mobile terminal and the fog machine.And Mamdani model is used to formulate the application control rules,the pest coverage and eggplant canopy height parameters are used as fuzzy control model input.According to the application of control rules,the system automatically controls the solenoid valve and relay to control the spray flow and time,to complete the fog machine variable application together.By using flow rate measurement method,fuzzy control,and automatic and manual misting deposition experiments on the spraying system are verified.The results show that:1) The application control system can accurately control the spray flow through the duty cycle,and the duty cycle and spray flow linearity is better,when fit to R2=0.996 4 to meet the design of the spray range requirements.2) The effect of sampling point and nozzle distance of 1-3 m on the effective deposition of droplets per unit area is significant.And with the increase of eggplant canopy height and the increase of thrips coverage,the deposition amount per unit area is significantly increased.3) The relative error between the automatic mist and the manual mist is less than 0.8%,which can meet the actual requirement of variable spray.Keywords：Eclipse development;Wi-Fi and fuzzy control;image processing;ultrasonic testing;intelligent variable1|10|3<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：In order to realize the accurate segmentation of cotton leaf under natural conditions,a new image segmentation method based on particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm and K-means clustering algorithm was proposed.A two-dimensional convolution filter was used to denoise cotton leaf images in RGB color space,and the denoised cotton images were converted from RGB components into Q,super G and a* components with larger difference between cotton and the background.The subspace of solutions to the global pixel was calculated in one dimension data space of K means clustering by using the PSO algorithm later.The global optimal solution was acquired by iterative search.The optimal clustering center was determined.The convergence effect of K means clustering was improved by this method.Finally,pixels were classified into different clusters and the leaf area was segmented.Considering the effects of different weather conditions and different backgrounds on imaging,1 200 images of cotton leaves under various imaging conditions were captured.The segmentation performance of the proposed algorithm was investigated based on these images.The experimental results showed that the cotton image segmentation accuracies of the algorithm under sunny,cloudy and raining conditions were 92.39%,93.55% and 88.09%,respectively.The overall average segmentation accuracy was 91.34%.Compared with the traditional K means algorithm,the overall average segmentation accuracy of the proposed algorithm was improved by 5.41%.The results showed that the proposed algorithm accurately segmented the cotton leaf images,which combined with 3 weather conditions (sunny day,cloudy day and rainy day) and 4 complex background features (white mulch film,black mulch film,straw,soil).The proposed algorithm could be applied to feature extraction and plant diseases and pests identification.Keywords：cotton leaf;complex background;weather condition;K means clustering;particle swarm optimization;image segmentation0|8|8<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Aiming at the problems of over segmentation and under segmentation problem in the remote sensing image of roads,villages,farmland,mountains,a method of Split Bregman algorithm and watershed method,a new method for surface marker based watershed remote sensing image,was used.This method uses multi-scale wavelet interpolation operator approximation image segmentation image model representation of the function;Split Bregman iterative algorithm is then used for fast solution of the variational mode;Finally,the method uses the segmentation results Split Bregman as marker,the watershed method for accurate segmentation of remote sensing image to guarantee the marking number without redundancy.The experimental results show that at the smaller scale parameter (J=3),a village image area open loop characteristics can be accurately segmented,while at the larger scale parameter (J=7),it can be accurate segmentation in the field of texture,but there are some of the over segmentation phenomenon appears on the village area.In conclusion,when the adaptive multi-scale parameters are used,the phenomenon of the over-segmentation and the under-segmentation can be effectively eliminated.Keywords：Split Bregman;watershed;marked;multi-scales;remote sensing image3|8|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Based on remote sensing images visual interpretation of land use vector data of Qiqihar from 1990 to 2015,the ecosystem services value (ESV) of the study area was accounted and to analyze its spatio-temporal changes were analyzed in this study.The results showed that:The ecosystem services value in Qiqihar displayed an overall decline trend due to a sharp decrease in water area and wet land area;The spatial distribution of ESV revealed high total value in the southwest and low total value in the northeast;Moreover, the degree of land ecological sustainability belonged to a little stronger sustainability;we should protect The present wet land and water area should be protected to maintain the advantage of forest area.In summary,this study provided foundation for the ecological sustainable development in Qiqihar.Keywords：land use;ecosystem services value;spatio-temporal changes;ecological sustainability0|9|6<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：In order to understand the land use changes and the degree of human activities in Horqin sandy land since 1990s,the land use data in 1992,2001 and 2014 is analyzed by taking Horqin Zuoyihou Banner as a study case.Several aspects including the land use dynamic degree at the grid scale,land use change significance index,land use degree and the rainfall during crop growth are analyzed for the area during different periods.The results show that.1) Grass land is distributed in the west while cultivated land mainly in the east,and different land types including grass land,cultivated land,forest are distributed in the central area.Cultivated land、forestland、construction land and sand land increased while grass,water area and salt alkali land decreased.2) Places that land use dynamic degree between 19% and 29% are most distributed in the central area,as the human activities are stronger.3) The percent of land use changes area increased from 41.7% to 45%.Therefore,land use changes were dramatic.The transformations among grass land,cultivated land,forest land,sandy land were dominated in the area.The land use in this area is also developing at the stage.4) The increase of cultivated land in area where rainfall during crop growth was between 391 and 432 mm was 44.7%.Meanwhile,the increase between 293 and 340 mm was 10.5%.Newly cultivated land is preferred to areas with more rainfall.For the future development of this area on the one hand,it is worthwhile to strengthen land use management and control reclamation for cultivated land.On the other hand,returning cultivated land should consider rainfall conditions.The west should be given priority to return cultivated land,and the east is more suitable for planting.Keywords：land use change;land use dynamic degree;land use degree;rainfall;Horqin Zuoyihou Banner0|8|5<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：To explore the spatial pattern evolution of rural settlement in Plateau Lake Plain Area,based on the methods of kernel density,buffer zone and the dynamic degree of land use change,the characteristics and types of spatial pattern evolution of rural settlement in Haixi district of Dali from the perspective of village domain in 2006-2015 are analyzed.And the trend of spatial pattern evolution of rural settlement in 2015-2024 is predicted by constructing GM(1,1) model.The results indicate that:The spatial distribution of rural settlement in Haixi presents a trend of changing from "multiple points of high concentration" to "stripped of middle and high concentration",and the distribution density of rural settlement in the unit area is significantly improved.The location of rural settlement is highly influenced by the distance from Erhai Lake and lessened the affected of terrain environment and traffic accessibility.Based on the dynamic value of residential land use in rural areas,and by comprehensive consideration the impact of tourism,transportation,urban and other factors,the evolution of rural settlement spatial pattern in this area can be divided into three categories:Natural evolution,accelerated evolution and dramatic evolution.In 2015-2024,both the average rural settlement land area in each village and inter village land use dynamic degree difference will be reduced.The number of positive evolution villages will be significantly reduced and concentrated in the southern townships,while the negative evolution villages will increase sharply and significantly spread to the north central regions.The spatial pattern of rural settlement will give priority to the accelerating negative evolution villages.Keywords：rural settlement;spatial pattern;GM(1,1) model;Haixi District of Dali0|9|3<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：The economic density of urban land was taken as the research object in this study.The coefficient of variation,Gini coefficient and Theil index convergence characteristics trend of the economic density of regional differences in 2004-2014 in Inner Mongolia region 12 Union City Urban Land Model were used and the temporal and spatial variation was analyzed.The results show that:1) Inner Mongolia urban land economic density displayed regional differences significantly.Overall,the union city urban land economic density was increased,but in some areas decreased;2) Inner Mongolia urban land economic density difference fluctuated and slightly decreased.Index decomposition showed that the central and western regions gradually reduced.The eastern region was relatively stable,regional differences in group was the leading source of the overall difference;3) During the study period,Inner Mongolia urban land economic density convergence showed divergent trends in a short period of time.Its convergence showed long slow convergence characteristics,the convergence rate was only 0.24%,and half life cycle 291.48 years.From the perspective of Inner Mongolia regional convergence robustness,robust convergence value was 0.238 7,and presented the western zone of the middle.The evolution characteristics of the Eastern indicated that the urban land economic density in cities in Inner Mongolia to converge to a higher level of development should be through a long time test.Keywords：urban land;economic density;regional difference;convergence;Inner Mongolia0|8|4<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：To study the evolution of land use in rural areas under the background of industrialization and urbanization,Dongmaying Village in Hebei Province was taken as example.Participatory rural assessment and ArcGIS vectorization methods were adopted and the index of expansion intensity index,volume ratio and Gibbs-Martin diversification index were selected to investigate the dynamic evolution and driving process of land use in rural residential area at micro scale.The results showed that:1) From 1985 to 2015,the development of the luggage industry in the Dongmaying Village led to the non-agriculturalization of the local economy,the non-agricultural structure of the farmer's household,and the proportion of the native agricultural peasants was less than 1%.2) The land use scale,expansion intensity,diversity,construction area and gross floor area of the rural residential area in Dongmaying Village continued to grow,and its dynamic evolution was in line with the development process of industrialization.In conclusion,village land use planning should be used in the future,the contradiction between supply and demand of construction land in the fast-industrialized rural areas should be alleviated through rural land consolidation and reclamation,and the farmland circulation should be done to improve the efficiency of cultivated land use.Keywords：industrialization;rural settlements;land use evolution;Dongmaying Village0|8|5<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Based on the panel data of 31 provinces in China from 2000 to 2014,stochastic frontier production function is used to estimate the technical efficiency of grain production and fertilizer using efficiency.Tobit model is used to analyze the impact of the structure change of rural labor force on fertilizer using efficiency of China's grain production.The result shows that there is a significant positive correlation between the aging of agricultural labor force,feminization and fertilizer using efficiency.On the contrary,the educational level displays significant negative correlation,but the influence is weak.In general,the structure change of rural labor force is conducive to the improvement of fertilizer using efficiency.The study suggests that the training of modern agricultural production technology should be increased,low-cost agriculture machinery should be developed for the female laborers,and that the efficient fertilization training should be strengthened while increasing investment in rural education.Keywords：the structure of rural labor force;fertilizer using efficiency;stochastic frontier production function;Tobit model1|8|9<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Based on CFPS2012,the influence of family members' migration effect on left-behind workers' agricultural labor supply is reanalyzed.The results show that:1) Family members' migration can affect the supply of agricultural labors.With the increase of the rate of agricultural labor participation,left-behind workers' labor supply will decrease.2) While family members go out for work,agricultural labor supply from left-behind elderly and women will also decrease accordingly.3) Without considering endogeneity and sample selection bias,the impact of migration on left-behind's agricultural labor supply will be underestimated.Keywords：migrant workers;agricultural participation rate;agricultural supply time;CFPS1|7|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Market risk is a significant risk faced by farmers in production and operation,which reflects the impact of price volatility on agricultural products income.In order to explore farmers' market risk aversion ability,multivariate ordered Logit model was used to conduct empirical analysis on influencing factors based on the data collected from 1 047 questionnaires in 8 provinces.The conclusions were as follows:Farmers' market risk avoidance ability on the whole was weak.Among characteristic factors such as sales,production,personal,income,regional and others affecting farmers' market risk avoidance ability,bargaining power of egg,purchase and sale contracts,peer competition,income satisfaction,working income comparison,east region and gender had significant negative effect;Information channels,stock of laying hens and primary factor of decisions had significant positive effect.According to this study,the competent authorities could enhance farmers' ability to prejudge market,improve the degree of organization of farmers,guide farmers to operate at appropriate scale and discover other ways to improve the farmers' ability to avoid market risk.Keywords：farmers;market risk;avoidance ability;price fluctuation;Logit model0|7|5<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：In order to understand the formation mechanism of rural women's health nutrition level in Hebei Province,women in She County of Hebei Province were selected as participants by cluster random sampling.A total of 251 rural women questionnaires in the She County,Hebei Province were analyzed by AMOS16.The results showed that:The dietary nutrition,lifestyle and eating habits of rural women had a positive effect on their nutritional and health level,while the physical quality had negative effects;The health literacy produced indirect nutrition and health through their lifestyle,physical fitness and eating habits;The health habits have no direct effect on their nutritional health level,but through the dietary nutrition on their nutritional health level have an indirect impact.In conclusion,some policy suggestions on how to strengthen the nutrition and health hazards of rural women and determine the targeted prevention and treatment programs were put forwarded in this study.It was hoped that different health measures should be promoted further and the health status of rural areas in rural areas would be improved and strengthened to prevent and control major diseases in rural areas.Keywords：nutritional health level;structural equation model;rural women;medical service0|9|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Based on the economic policy uncertainty index and the price index of the soybean,wheat and corn futures of China from September 2004 to November 2016,the time-varying parameter vector autoregressive model (TVP-VAR) is used to analyze the impact of economic policy uncertainty on the main grain futures price fluctuations.The results showed that China's grain futures price was affected by the economic policy uncertainty,but there were significant differences between different varieties.During global financial crisis,the post-crisis era and stock catastrophe,the economic policy uncertainty displayed positive and negative alternation shock of grain futures prices.The shock response was fast and the duration was long,and the influence still existed after the 12th period.Keywords：grain futures price;economic policy uncertainty;time-varying parameter;TVP-VAR0|7|4<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
