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- Abstract：Horizontal gene transfer of genetic materials usually involves intracellular exchanges and crossing-species transfer, which mainly depend on mediators such as symbiosis, endosymbiosis, parasitic plant, grafting. Intracellular gene transfer events occur frequently within cell mainly by transferring DNA between organellar and nuclear genomes. In addition, the boundaries of horizontal gene transfer crossing species are well represented between parasitic and host plants. It is demonstrated that mRNA can be transferred between parasitic and host plants. Research progresses on transferring sequence types, direction and mechanisms evaluations based on related genomic and transcriptomic data in plants are summarized. Firstly, within a single plant cell, mitochondrial genomes generally integrate nuclear transposable element and chloroplast-derived tRNA genes. Ancestors of organellar genomes have migrated a large number of functional genes into their nuclear chromosomes. Secondly, crossing-species transfer of plants, large amounts of DNA (mitochondrial genes, chloroplast genes or transposable elements) and RNA (mRNA) sequences have been transferred through parasitic and grafting methods. Lastly, the migration mechanism involves DNA or RNA intermediated transfers, which are either unidirectional or bidirectional. In summary, these progresses provide molecular basis for understanding the mechanisms of gene migration, and evaluating the functional activity of gene horizontal transfer.Keywords：horizontal gene transfer;intracellular gene transfer;parasitic plant;grafting;transposable element3|8|2<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：A novel T-DNA insertion mutant of Arabidopsis translation initiation factor, eif5b-1, was identified to study the regulation of seed germination in Arabidopsis. Compared to WT, the germination rate of eif5b-1 mutant seeds was investigated. Using polysome profiling and qRT-PCR, the germination process of WT and eif5b-1 mutant were analyzed. The results showed that:1) The germination rate of eif5b-1 mutant was decreased;2) The polysome profiling was abnormal in eif5b-1 mutant;3) The transcription levels of ABI1, ABI3, ABI4, ABI5 and DOG1 were changed in eif5b-1 mutant;4) The translation efficiency of ABI4 and DOG1 were selectively changed in eif5b-1 mutant.Keywords：Arabidopsis;translation initiation factor;seeds;germination;translation;ABA0|8|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Serious increasing groundwater table decline and growing greenhouses gas emissions from farmland, which were resulted from current sole winter-summer maize double cropping system, affected the ecosystem health and agricultural sustainable development. Denitrification-Decomposition(DNDC)model was adopted to simulate local dynamic change of soil carbon storage and characteristics of greenhouse gas emission under different rotation systems in the North China Plain. During the period of 2003-2014, the five cropping systems had different rate of carbon sink:winter wheat-summer maize > wheat-soybean > winter wheat-summer maize-spring maize > winter wheat-summer maize-soybean > single spring maize. Long term simulation showed that double cropping system > tripe cropping system > single cropping system. Winter wheat-summer maize mode had a highest rate of carbon sink which benefits the long-term accumulation of organic carbon. Carbon sink rate of single spring maize mode decreased with a slight increase in the beginning. GWP research showed that winter wheat-summer maize > winter wheat-summer maize-spring maize > winter wheat-soybean > winter wheat-summer maize-soybean > single spring maize. After the long term simulation, it was found that all modes achieved stability after 15 years while increased in the beginning. Winter Wheat-Summer maize mode had the highest level of greenhouse emission while single spring maize mode had the least. Gramineae-legume rotation mode has better abatement effect of greenhouse gas and carbon absorbing effect than gramineae rotation. Promoting gramineae-legume rotation mode in the North China Plain was suggested to reduce regional greenhouse emission while keep high level of carbon absorbing in this study.Keywords：climate change;DNDC model;rotation;carbon storage;global warming potential2|7|7<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：To identify the effects of restructuring tilth layer and irrigation on soil water content and cotton development traits, five treatments were designed according to randomized block design at Wei County experimental station of the Cotton Research Institute of Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science in 2015 and 2016. CK was rotary tillage with conventional irrigation amount (675 m3/hm2) before sowing. T1 was rotary tillage with high irrigation amount (1 200 m3/hm2). T2 was restructuring tilth layer with high irrigation amount (1 200 m3/hm2). T3 was restructuring tilth layer with high irrigation amount (1 200 m3/hm2) and excessive irrigation amount of 1 800 m3/hm2 in boll stage simulating waterlogging. T4 was restructuring tilth layer with high irrigation amount (1 200 m3/hm2) and no irrigation in cotton growing period. In 2016, because of redundant rainfall all plots were irrigated with start water. Soil water content, cotton development traits in cotton growing stages and yield components were investigated. The results showed that T1 increased seed cotton yield in drought year (2015) but had no obvious effect in rainy year (2016) compared with CK. Restructuring tilth layer improved soil water conserving and adjusting ability for deep layers (below 20 cm layer) in cotton fields, which effectively avoided waterlogging in storm conditions, and in drought conditions soil water in deep layers moved up to meet the requirement of cotton growing. Cotton of restructuring tilth layer grew slowly at seedling and square stage, but grew quickly in boll stage with obvious late-development advantage. In drought year (2015) and rainy year (2016) seed cotton yield was increased by 27.0% and 8.7% for T2 compared with CK, and for T4 it was 14.6% and 10.1% respectively. There was no significant difference for seed cotton yield between T3 and T2 in two years, which showed that waterlogging tolerance of restructuring tilth layer was improved. Restructuring tilth layer was an effective measure to save water and increase yield with resistance to drought and waterlogging.Keywords：restructuring tilth layer;irrigation;soil water content;cotton;yield0|9|1<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：In order to study the response of soil phosphatase activity to cultural temperature, soil moisture and soil fertility, a laboratory culture experiment was conducted with two different fertility soils from two long-term fertilizer experiments (soil types:loessial soil and brown earth;fertilizer treatments:CK and NPKM), and soil cultured in an incubator under three culture temperature (-20, 4, 25℃) and three soil moisture levels (10%, 25%, 40%). Soil phosphatase activity of soils was determined after two months cultivating. The results showed that:1) Soil culture temperature has less effect on soil phosphatase activity;2) Soil moisture significantly changed soil phosphatase activity, but it was closely related to soil fertility. For low fertility soil (CK), soil phosphatase activity with 40% soil moisture increased more than 50% in contrast to treatment at 25%;3) There was a positive correlation between soil organic phosphorus concentration and soil phosphatase activity. Soil phosphatase activity of brown earth treatments was always higher than loessial soil treatments at the same soil organic phosphorus level. In conclusion, soil moisture significantly affected the balance between accumulation and mineralization of soil organic phosphorus in low fertility soil, and soil organic phosphorus concentration was one of determining factors of soil phosphatase activity.Keywords：soil;phosphatase activity;soil organic phosphorus;soil culture temperature;soil moisture0|7|3<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Based on the meteorological data of 93 stations in Southeast Coast of China from 1960 to 2014, the temporal and spatial variation of precipitation in southeast coast was analyzed by using Morlet wavelet analysis and IDW spatial interpolation method. The results showed that:1) Over the past 55 years, the precipitation showed slowly increasing trend in Southeast coast. But the number of rain days declined. The precipitation in spring and summer was the most. 2) The precipitation and days of heavy rainfall and extreme rainfall were unanimous in the temporal variation. With the increasing of heavy rainfall and extreme rainfall, the day of heavy rainfall and extreme rainfall was increasing. 3) The spatial variations of the precipitation and intensity of heavy rainfall and extreme rainfall were diminishing from south to north. The precipitation and day of heavy rainfall and extreme rainfall were unanimous in the distribution of space. There was more precipitation and days of heavy rainfall and extreme rainfall on the Southern coastal areas of Hainan, Guangxi, Guangdong Provinces. 4) The change of precipitation in heavy rainfalls was positive in the spatial distribution. It decreased from south to north at the junction of Fujian and Zhejiang Province. The change rate of precipitation and intensity of extreme rainfalls showed significant consistency in the distribution of space.Keywords：rainfall;precipitation days;precipitation intensity;Southeast Coast of China1|9|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：In order to investigate the effect of chitosan on rhizospheric bacterial community and diversity of cucumber plug seedlings, chitosan was applied to the substrate, which was composed by peatmoss, vermiculite and perlite. The growth of cucumber seedlings was assayed, and the rhizosphere bacterial diversities were detected by 454 pyrosequencing. The results showed that:Chitosan promoted the growth of cucumber seedlings, decrease the Ace, Chao 1 and Shannon indexes, and increase the Simpson index, indicating that chitosan reduced the bacterial richness and diversity in the rhizospheric substrates of cucumber plug seedlings. The major bacteria in the rhizospheric substrates of cucumber plug seedlings included Pelomonas, Cellvibrio, Dokdonella, and Massilia. After chitosan application, the relative abundances of some bacterial genera (Pelomonas, Cellvibrio, Rhizobium, Pedobacter, Flavobacterium, etc.) were significantly increased. Most of these bacteria were potential plant growth-promoting bacteria. The relative abundances of Acidovorax, Dokdonella, Massilia, Opitutus and Cellulomonas were substantially reduced. In conclusion, chitosan application could selectively promote the proliferation of beneficial bacteria, and improve the rhizosphere micro-ecological environment, and thereby promote the growth of cucumber plug seedlings.Keywords：cucumber;chitosan;substrate;rhizosphere bacteria;454 pyrosequencing1|12|4<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：To study the function of a leaf lettuce Hsp70 gene, and improve plant thermo-tolerance, LsHsp70-3701 over-expression vector was constructed and transformed into lettuce by Agrobacterium transformation. LsHsp70-3701 was cloned from lettuce leaves. LsHsp70-3701 and plant expression vector of pCAMBIA1304 was digested by Nco Ⅰ and Spe Ⅰ. Target fragment was recovered and connected to plant expression vector. After identification, the expression vector was obtained. Using ‘P-S11’ leaves as material, transformation conditions was optimized. Key factors including seedling stage, plant hormone concentration, pre-culture time, infection OD, infection time and co-culture time were investigated. The results showed that:The optimized combination of hormones was 0.2 mg/L 6-BA, 0.1 mg/L NAA and 0.2mg/L KT;The optimized condition was pre-culture 2 d, 10 min bacterial infection and 2 d co-culture.Keywords：lettuce;over-expression vector;Agrobacterium;genetic transformation1|7|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：The extraction technology of polysaccharide in Amygdalus triloba f. multiplex flowers was optimized by ultrasonic assisted extraction. The dynamic changes of polysaccharide content in flowers were then studied under the optimum conditions. On the basis of single-factor experiments, the response surface methodology of 4 factors and 3 levels was used to optimize and analyze variance of the main extraction parameters. The results showed that the optimal extraction conditions were as follows:extraction temperature was 70℃;ultrasonic time was 40 min;ultrasonic power was 120 W, and the solvent to material ratio was 60 mL/g. It was found that the content of polysaccharide in flowers was the highest at early blooming flowers under above conditions, and the yield of polysaccharide reached 2.809%. The utilization value of early blooming flowers was relatively high.0|9|2<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：The aim of this study was to isolate bovine rumen epithelial cells in vitro to lay foundation for, the absorption of rumen physiological function for bovine mechanism research and rumen epithelial cells immortalized cows. Bovine rumen epithelial cells were isolated from the rumen tissue by trypsin digestion, and identification of cell protein were identified by immunocytochemistry test, cell growth curve of CCK-8 cell angle was detected, by β-galactosidase staining and to identify the rumen epithelial cells were identified by aging cell karyotype analysis. The results showed:1) Rumen epithelial cells could be cultured stably by trypsin digestion method and used for about 5 generations in vitro;2) Observation of the morphology of cells under the microscope revealed that the monolayer was "Island shaped";3) Fluorescent protein emitted green fluorescence under fluorescence microscope;4) The rumen epithelial cells transferred to fifth generation were β-galactosidase dye blue, at the same time, cell senescence and stagnant growth occurred;5) Karyotype analysis showed that the number of chromosomes in the rumen epithelial cells was 60. In summary, rumen epithelial cells tissue could be obtained through enzymatic digestion, however the cells could only be transferred to fifth generation.Keywords：bovine rumen epithelial cells;immortalize;cytokeratin 18;karyotype0|8|5<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：To evaluate the effect of chlorhexidine iodide solution on teat disinfection, ninety lactating cows were randomly and evenly divided into 3 groups. Group Ⅰ and group Ⅱ were committed to teat dip of chlorhexidine iodine solution and povidone iodine solution separately, whereas group Ⅲ was no treatment. The study lasted for 12 weeks. The results showed that:1) Cow daily milk production and somatic cell count (SCC) value of group Ⅰ and group Ⅱ displayed no significant changes compared to pre-experiment (P>0.05). The average daily milk cow production and SCC value of group Ⅲ respectively declined and increased significantly in 12 weeks (P<0.01). 2) The udder infection rate (33.3% VS 46.7%) and the quarter infection rate (11.7% VS 26.7%) of group Ⅰ and group Ⅱ decreased significantly (P<0.01 or P<0.05). Significant increase were observed in group Ⅲ cows (P<0.05). 3) After 12 weeks experiment, udder clearance rate (60.0%) and quarter clearance rate (83.3%) of group Ⅰ were significantly higher than those of group Ⅱ (44.0% and 50.0%). But the udder clearance rate and quarter clearance rate of group Ⅲ was 0. In conclusion, the application of cow teat dipping pre-and post-milking could effectively prevent the risk of infection. It was better to use chlorhexidine iodine solution to disinfect teats than povidone iodine solution.Keywords：dairy cow;teat disinfection;chlorhexidine iodine;povidone iodine1|8|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：In order to explore sequence and structure of pig androgen receptor (AR), the cDNA of AR gene was cloned from the testis of Banna mini-pig inbred line (BMI) by RT-PCR for sequencing and characterization of AR was analyzed by bioinformatics analysis. The expression pattern of AR in different tissues was detected by qPCR. A cDNA of 3 257 bp (GenBank accession number:KU705631) of BMI AR was obtained, which contained 2 688 bp opening reading frame. Genome structure analysis showed it localized to Sus scrofa chromosomes X and was consisted of nine exons and eight introns. Functional bioinformatics analysis indicated that BMI AR protein contained one nuclear location signal, one DBD domain, one LBD domain, no transmembrane region and no signal peptide. The predicted amino acid sequence of this gene had high homology with the cattle (94.2%), goat (94.0%), human (90.2%), chimpanzee (89.0%), rat (88.1%) and mouse (87.5%). The secondary structure of BMI AR protein was mainly consisted of random coils and α-helices, β turns and extended strands were locally present. Its tertiary structure was also predicted by homology modeling based on the secondary structure data. AR mRNA was differentially expressed in the 15 tissues of BMI with the highest expression level in testis. This research provided foundations for further study on the physiological function and regulatory mechanisms of AR gene in BMI.Keywords：androgen receptor;Banna mini-pig inbred line;tissue expression patterns;bioinformatics0|10|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：To explore the immune-regulation effect of Mongolian medicine compound prescription on mastitis model mice, a total of 96 postnatal 3-5 d lactating female mice were randomly divided into 4 groups (n=24). Oral medication was conducted on mice for three days and the pathological model of murine mastitis was then reproduced in 1 h after final oral medication at the 4th day. The phagocytic activity of macrophages was measured by broad-width carbon at 0, 48 and 72 h, respectively. MTT assay was adopted to detect NK cell activity. The mice were dislocated and the wet weight of the thymus and spleen measured. Immune organ index was calculated. The levels of IL-4 and IFN-γ in serum were determined by ELISA. Mongolian medicine compound significantly improved immune organ index of mice, promoted the phagocytic capacity of monocyte-macrophage and NK cell killing activity, down-regulated the content of IL-4, increase the content of IFN-γ. In conclusion, Mongolian medicine compound can improve the mastitis model mice nonspecific immune and specific immune function.Keywords：Mongolian medicine;composition compound;nonspecific immune;specific immune0|7|2<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of slightly acidic electrolyzed water on the intestinal microflora of laying hens. The effects of drinking three different forms of water, e. g. unprocessed water, slightly acidic electrolyzed water and acidifier water for laying hens were investigated. A total of 104-day-old JING-Hong laying hens were randomly divided into three groups with thirty in each group. The results showed that:supplied with drinking 0.3 mg/L slightly acidic electrolyzed drinking water and 0.1 mg/L acidifier drinking water, the normal feces rate of hens was improved 10%, pH value and the number of Escherichia coli was decreased, and lactic acid bacteria was raised in hen's duodenum, ileum and jejunum. In conclusion, slightly acidic electrolyzed water not only killed aquatic microorganisms, improved water sanitation index, but also improved the intestinal environment, inhibited the growth of E. coli and promoted the superior strains status of lactic acid bacteria by reducing the intestinal pH value.Keywords：manure;slightly acidic electrolyzed water;laying hen;pH;Escherichia coli;lactic acid bacteria7|9|5<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Aiming at the problem of flexural vibration of compression bar in greenhouse wind vibration analysis, differential equation for transverse flexural vibration of compression bar was designed according to fundamental equations of compression bar considering its second-order effect and inertia force. Displacement vector expressed by the basis function and the displacement coefficient for transverse flexural vibration of compression bar were also achieved. Based on the displacement boundary condition, displacement coefficient expressed by nodal displacement vector was obtained. Internal force equations of compression bar were established and then internal force at bar ends expressed by nodal displacement vector was provided. Finally, total dynamic stiffness matrix colligating mass matrix, geometry matrix and stiffness matrix was given. This method provided exact solution for the flexural vibration of compression bar expressed in matrix and vector format, which was simple and useful. When use the interpolation function unit model, dividing the unit more densely could improve the accuracy of the calculation, but there were still errors. The results showed that the angular frequency of the transverse bending of compression bar obtained by the study model was the exact solution, which was exactly the same as the theoretical solution obtained by the analytical method.Keywords：greenhouse;wind vibration;compression bar;flexural vibration;second-order effect;stiffness matrix method0|7|4<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：In order to solve the problems of uneven soil fertility in different plots and different demands for organic fertilizer at different growth stages, one organic fertilizer application machine was designed in this study. Discrete element simulation software EDEM was used to simulate the rotation angle of the fertilizer rotary table and the discharge rate, and fitted the results by combining machine running speed, the theory of fertilization amount per unit area, fertilizer mechanism rotation angle and fertilizer flow and other factors were combined in the new machine. This machine included the main program module, speed measurement module (speed, fertilization rate, and pulse conversion module), interrupt module and liquid crystal display module. The results of indoor experiment showed that:When the theory fertilization amount per unit area were 7 500, 9 750 and 11 250 kg/hm2, respectively, the actual amount of fertilizer were 7 532.46, 9 836.82 and 11 042.28 kg/hm2, respectively. The coefficient of variation of CV fertilizer was 1.1%, 1.3% and 1.9% displaying good consistency. The results of field experiment showed that:The fertilizer was uniform and there was no-flow phenomenon. All the results meet the design requirements. This machine can meet the agronomic requirements of deep application of organic fertilizer, and can be used for the deep application of organic fertilizer.Keywords：fertilization system;organic fertilizer;rotary disc fertilizer discharging mechanism;EDEM simulation2|8|2<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：In order to solve the problems caused by the existing protection type land preparation machine single function in arid area, such as entering the field of many times, the poor effect of suppression and so on, a combined machine of stubble, subsoiling, suppression was designed. The contact mechanics of deep shovel and soil was analyzed, spring buffer device was designed, and mechanical analysis and test of disc stubble were conducted. By using ANSYS to simulate the contact process between the roller and the soil, an anti-clay device was designed to analyze the stability of the whole machine. The field test results of the machine showed that:The subsoiling depth was (489.3±8.6) mm, subsoiling stability is 94.6%, completely break plow;With the vehicle speed of 1.4 m/s, the disc rotation speed was 500 r/min, stubble breaking rate was 90.3%, soil breaking rate was 89.3%, the flatness of land was the 30.8 mm, and the soil preparation effect was good. This machine met the design requirements.Keywords：subsoiling;stubble-breaking;pressing;combined machine0|13|3<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Aiming at the difficulties of severe soil and water loss caused by large number of illegal construction projects are not subject to supervision by the soil and water conservation institutions during the construction period, the management of soil and water conservation in production and construction projects is reviewed. A comprehensive supervision model of soil and water conservation is constructed by using the spatial information technology and the system construction methods. Furthermore, a space-earth integration water and soil conservation supervision spatial information system is designed and developed for the production and construction projects covering the whole process of the rapid capture of ground disturbance information, online analysis, automatic judgment and system management, which is centered at the spatial supervision part of the model, and emphatically studies automatic extraction and judgment algorithm of disturbing pattern spots. The results show that the online supervision module system can realize automatic extraction of disturbing pattern spots of all the construction projects within any of its regulation zones and compliance discriminant analysis. Besides, the system integrates spatial overlay analysis and Spark technology to achieve batch processing of spatial analysis operations;Online warning module can provide early warning prompts for system users according to the online supervision module extraction and judgment results;Query statistics module can support users to obtain timely regional project construction and analyze comprehensively the allocation of soil and water conservation measures and other conditions. By using system supervision means the range of supervision expands from certain points to the whole area and the efficiency of its regulatory process increased by more than 3 times. In conclusion, the system can be used to conduct the real-time supervision of the region, master the project situation and carry out targeted governance.Keywords：production and construction projects;soil and water conservation supervision;automatic extraction;compliance determination;system application1|8|3<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Based on the information of agricultural non-point source pollution evaluation during 2003-2014 in China, the dynamic evolution of agricultural non-point source pollution through time and space is analyzed by using Dagum Gini index and nonparametric estimation methods. The results indicate that:1) A slight decrease in the intensity of agricultural non-point source pollution is discovered, which also has significant regional differences. Higher average pollution is shown in eastern and central China, while it displays lower relatively in the northeast and western regions. 2) There is slightly increasing in overall inequality of intensity of agricultural non-point source pollution in China from 2003 to 2014, which is mainly driven by the disparity among regions. 3) Kernel density estimation indicates a trend of first decrease then increase and then decrease. 4) Dynamic evolution of the intensity of agricultural non-point source pollution measured by Markov chain method reflects the low probability of the shift between different types of the intensity of agricultural non-point source pollution. From long-term perspective, huge gaps are developing among different regions.Keywords：agricultural non-point source pollution;regional disparity;Dagum Gini coefficient;kernel density estimation;Markov chain0|8|17<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：In order to understand the effect of social capital on farmers' credit demand rationing, based on the survey of 1 030 farm households from Sichuan, Henan, Zhejiang and Heilongjiang in China, a two-stage Heckman model is established to answer the question of "Can social capital relieve farmers' credit demand rationing?". Tobit model is employed to analyze the influence of degree of social capital on credit demand rationing. The results show that:About 65.7% farmers experience credit demand rationing in rural area, about 48.4% crop producers suffer partial credit demand rationing. The empirical results show that social relation, political factor of relatives and cooperative organizations have significant effect on both credit demand rationing and its degree of rationing, but the trust relationship, political factor and financial relationships don't have significant effect. Furthermore, social capital affects small credit demand farmer more significantly. Based on above analysis, two related policy suggestions are put forwarded:The first one is that government should lay emphasis on social injustice caused by external factors, for example, high social capital can get loans easily, and also be aware of potential problems such as the gap between the rich and poor;The second one is that under the premise of risk management, financial institutions should concentrate on developing internet finance and inclusive finance to reduce the transaction cost.Keywords：social capital;credit demand rationing;two-stage Heckman model;Tobit;inclusive finance0|8|1<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
Impact of online reviews on the sales of rice under the influence of brand effect:An empirical study
Abstract：This study is aimed to explore the relationship among brand and online reviews with the sales of agricultural products, and to understand how the two factors impact the sales of agricultural products. Based on the perspective of brand effect and expanding information model, web crawler technology and statistical methods are used to analyze mechanisms of sales of the agricultural product from two aspects of online reviews. And the influencing factors model of rice sales are constructed which are validated by the actual data. The results show that:The number of reviews is significantly correlated with rice sales. The brand strength, valence, and review temporality have a positive impact on rice sales. Furthermore, the review valence and temporality play a quite significant role on the sales of weak brands, and can weaken the impact of brand strength on rice sales.Keywords：online reviews;brand strength;sales of agricultural product;model of information adoption2|7|2<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27- Abstract：To reduce carbon emissions and mitigate climate change, based on concept of carbon footprint (CF) of a product, a case study of CF for flour production in North China Plain was calculated by life cycle assessment (LCA). On the basis of CF research, carbon labels of product and countermeasures and suggestions were discussed. The results indicated that the CF of different class flour productions were 0.98-1.07 kg/kg(CO2-eq). Among CF components of different type flours, chemical fertilizer and energy consumption of irrigation were the main components, which occupied 47% and 29% of the total CF. The results would provide theoretical bases for energy conservation and carbon emission reduction in flour production in China. In the future, China should not only lower the carbon emission of the product process, but also establish the carbon label system by establishing and improving the CF of the database, developing the standards of carbon label of agriculture productions, introducing the third-party agency, integrating carbon trade market and economic market, and connecting domestic and international market to complete the whole carbon labeling system and mitigate the changing climate.Keywords：carbon footprint;carbon label;flour;life cycle assessment0|9|3<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Based on the data of forest resources inventory during 1988-2013 in China, the forest carbon sink of 31 provinces is estimated by using an improved forest inventory method. The regional difference and dynamic evolution of forest carbon sink in China are systematically analyzed by means of Dagum Gini coefficient and Markov chain method. The results indicated that:1) There is a large gap in the forest carbon sink in each province. It presents the increasing trend of the south region to the southwest and the northeast region;2) Dagum Gini coefficient and its decomposition results show that the regional difference in forest carbon sink in China show a downward trend. Among four major forest regions, the gaps in the south, the north and the northeast are in line with the whole country, and the trend is basically declining. However the gap in the southwest region is first increased and then decreased. The regional gap is the leading cause of differences in China's forest carbon sink. Moreover, the differences between the net and the over-variable density in the region are an x-shaped contribution to the overall difference in the country;3) According to Markov chain analysis, different levels of forest carbon transfer are less likely to flow across regions. But from the prospective of dynamic evolution, China's forest carbon sink are on the rise, and lower-level provinces are expected to decline gradually. In addition, the overall trend will move towards higher levels.Keywords：forest carbon sink;regional difference;Dagum Gini coefficient;Markov chain3|11|4<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
