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- Abstract：The easily generation of scum and acidified system caused by largely fed feedstock in vertical reactors has been the bottleneck problem about lignocellulosic materials biogas digestion.Integrated two-phase anaerobic reactor (ITPAR) with height-diameter ratio 3.5 composed by upper and lower space acting as acidogenic and methanogenic phases,respectively,was developed in this study.The biogas production efficiency and fermentation parameters dynamic based on fresh and silage cornstalk digestion were determined comparatively.The tests were conducted by using two identical ITPARs:One was stirred slightly (R1) and the other one was stirred vigorously (R2) at regular time each day.The results showed that:The methane yields of each kind of cornstalk obtained from R1 were higher than those from R2.The methane yields of fresh cornstalk obtained from two reactors were both higher than those of silage cornstalk.Volatile fatty acids concentrations,soluble chemical oxygen demand,pH,and acidogenic and methanogenic community differed in upper and lower phases in these vertical reactors,forming an obvious integrated two-phase fermentation system.The hydrolysis and methanogenesis occurred at different phases in the same space.Keywords：cellulosic;integrated two-phase;biogas digestion;stirring intensity;methanogens1|14|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：The quality detection and classification identification of maize seed require to be accurately and quickly.The nutrient composition detection and identification method of maize seed currently are not only time consuming,but also inconvenient.Near-infrared spectroscopy can analyze samples in a short time without destroying samples.This study was focused on establishing a near infrared spectroscopy (NIR) technology to measure the protein content with a single maize seed,which was based on computer technology and chemometrics technology.A total 205 samples were exploited to construct a model,of which 117 samples were included in model dataset and 88 samples were for predicting dataset.A spectrum was obtained of each sample after diffused reflecting with a JDSU near infrared instrument.The chemical reference value of protein content of a single maize seed was analyzed.The protein content of a single maize seed sample with NIR was ranged from 3.48% to 18.15%,and on the average,was 10.17%.The simulating model between the chemical values and the spectrograph scanned by a JDSU,two modeling methods of Partial-Least-Squares Regression (PLSR) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) regression were adopted.The results showed that the effect of the two models built with PLSR method and SVM regression methods was almost same and the determination coefficient (R<>2) was 0.99 and 0.99,respectively.In addition,the standard deviation corrections (SEC) was 0.32 and 0.32,the standard deviation (SEP) was 0.46 and 0.46,the predictive relative standard deviation (RSEP) was 4.61 and 4.60,RPD was 6.106 and 6.111,respectively.It was demonstrated that the predicting model built by PLSR and SVR was better because the reference value is closer to the predicted value.And the analysis method to analyze the protein content of single maize seed via NIR JDSU was proved feasible.1|7|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：In order to select new leisure peanut varieties suitable for fresh eating,good taste and high nutrient content,selenium enriched black peanut varieties BH3,B11,peanut varieties RH1309,CH01 and color peanut varieties C3,C4,C5 were used as the experiment material,and ordinary peanut Tianfu 14 (CK) was used as control in this research.Nutrition and quality of these new peanut varieties were determined.Crude fat content,protein contend,total sugar content,selenium content and total fatty acid composition were determined by hot dip extraction and oil weight method,kjeldahl determination,anthracenone colorimetry,graphite furnace atomic absorption method and gas chromatographic method,respectively.The results showed that:Protein contents in black peanut and color peanut were higher than that of the control,and it was the highest in color peanut C4,which was 26.9%.The total sugar content in color peanut C4 was the highest,which was 6.7 g/100 g.Selenium rich ability of variety BH3 was the strongest which was 0.29 mg/kg,and selenium content of color peanut was higher than that of the control.The content of trans resveratrol in C4 was highest,which was 6.23 μ g/g.Linoleic acid contents in peanut kernels of selected special peanut material were all higher than that of control.Comprehensive traits of black peanut BH3,B11 and color peanut C3,C4,C5 were better.These verities were very suitable for fresh eating peanuts and processing raw materials of leisure peanut.Keywords：peanut;quality;linoleic acid;resveratrol2|8|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：The effect of different load on fruit quality,soluble sugar and organic acid was studied in order to provide a theoretical basis for efficient cultivation technique with ‘Weidi’.Four different fruit loads,which were CK (2.74±0.16 fruits cm2 of trunk cross-sectional area),T1 (2.01±0.15 fruits/cm2),T2 (1.39±0.15 fruits/cm2),T3 (0.71±0.06 fruits/cm2),were implemented by thinning manually.High performance chromatography (HPLC) was used to detect different kinds of soluble sugar in mature fruits,and the flavor was evaluated according to the sensory perception based on organoleptic characteristics.The results indicated,1)With fruit load reducing,average transverse diameter,vertical diameter and fruit weight increased significantly,while the fruit hardness decreased;2) the contents of sucrose,glucose,fructose and sorbitol increased with decreasing fruit load,while the total sugar increased by 40.94%,and a strong correlation existed between the four kinds of soluble sugar;3) Among six kinds of organic acid,malic acid content increased significantly,succinic acid content changed slightly,while the contents of citric acid,oxalic acid and quinic acid decreased significantly.The total acid increased by 26.70% at T3 level;(4) With fruit load decreasing,S/a increased and reached its peak at T2 treatment and then decreased.The fruit flavor of T2 and T3 treatment were significantly different from the control.They were sweet and sour-sweet,respectively.The flavor of CK and T1 treatment were both sour.The result of regression analysis between fruit flavor and soluble sugar or organic acid showed that glucose,fructose and malic acid were the most important factor that influenced total sugar,sweetness value,the total acid and S/a,respectively.According the study,crop loads reducing promoted the apperance quality and accumulation of four kinds of sugars and sevaral acids in ‘Weidi’,thus improving the sweet and sour flavor.Keywords：Prunus domestica armeniaca;crop load;the component of sugar;the component of sugar0|8|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：To study the effects of oxygen content at different depth of soil magnetism on the physiological and biochemical characteristics of cucumber root,different aerobic irrigations (A2,increasing oxygen once every two hours;A4,increasing oxygen once every four hours;A8,increasing oxygen once every eight hours;CK,no oxygen increasing) were applied on each growth period of potted cucumber in green house at each growth period.O2 contents in soil magnetism at different depth were detected and the index of cucumber root activity,agronomic traits,health index were investigated.The results showed that:1)At seedling stage,the index of cucumber root was A4 > A2 > A8 > CK,and at flower stage and mature stages,the index of root was A2 > A4 > A8 > CK;2)Correlation analysis discovered that oxygen content in soil magnetism was positively related to the root activity,agronomic traits,the root health index relationship of cucumber.The correlation between oxygen content and the index of root showed flower stage > mature stage > seedling stage.In conclusion,the oxygen content in soil magnetism played an important role in the growth of cucumber root.At seedling stage,moderate oxygen level was more suitable for the growth of root.However,at flower and mature stages,sufficient oxygen was more effective on the growth of root.0|8|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of the mixture of steam-flaked corn and extruded soybeans on diarrhea and blood parameters in veal calves.Calves (n=39) were randomly divided into three treatment groups with 13 calves in each group:Group 1,milk replacer (MR) group;Group 2,half of the amount of MR in treatment one plus other half of mixture of steam-flaked corn and extruded soybeans (HMCS);Group 3,mixture of steam-flaked corn and extruded soybeans (CS).All the calves were fed for 150 d,and their diarrhea and blood parameters were studied.The results showed that:Calves fed CS had the lowest incidence of diarrhea (1.03%) that calves fed HMCS (15.13%) and CS (59.74%);Compared to calves in HMCS and MR treatments,calves in CS treatment had the greatest activities of Catalase,GSH-PX,TAC;MR calves had the greatest values of MDA than HMCS and CS calves;Calves fed with MR had the greatest values of NO than in calves fed with CS,with HMCS calves taking the intermediate value;Calves fed with MR had the greatest values of Cholesterol than calves fed with CS.However,CS calves had the greatest values of serum urea nitrogen,total protein,and INS than MR calves;Compared to HMCS and MR calves,calves fed with CS had the greatest activities of GOP and GPT;The values of IgM in CS calves was greatest than in other calves.These data suggested that a mixture of steam-flaked corn and extruded soybeans provided ad libitum in better animal feed for improving blood antioxidant,immunity,and positively contributes to blood biochemistry indexes in veal calves.Keywords：calve;steam-flaked corn;extruded soybeans;blood parameters;antioxidant;immunity0|7|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：The objective of this study was to examine the effects of flavonoids from alfalfa on blood biochemical indexes,oxidation resistance and immunity of dairy cows.Four primiparous Holstein cows fitted with ruminal cannulas were selected.4×4 Latin square design was used in the experiment and the cows were fed total mixed ration added 0,20,60 or 100 g alfalfa flavonoids at different periods,respectively.The experiment had four experiment periods and each period contained 24 days.The results showed:1) The total protein content of serum appeared change of quadratic curve,and was decreased at first and then increased with increasing doses of alfalfa flavonoids extract (AFE) (P＜0.05).The other indexes were not affected by AFE;2) Platelet counts (P＜0.05) and thrombocytocrit (0.05Keywords：dairy cow;alfalfa flavonoids;blood biochemical indexes;oxidation resistance;immunity0|7|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：The research objective was to study the tissue residues of protocatechuic acid (PCA) in chicken.A high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was used to detect and determine the PCAresidues at 260 nm in chicken tissues.The mobile phase of HPLC was composed of acetonitrile and water with the volume ration of 9∶91 and adjusted to pH 2.5 with H3PO4.The limits of detection (LOD)were 13.5,25.0,12.0,16.0 ng/g,and the limits of quantitation(LOQ) were 45,85,40 and 50 ng/g for liver,kidney,muscle,fat and skin,respectively.Average recoveries were ranged from 63.30% to 102.65%,and coefficients of variance were ranged from 1.01% to 11.43%.After the chickens were orally administered successively of 20 mg PCA per kg of body weight twice every day for 5 days,the residue levels were higher in liver and kidney and lower in muscle,fat and skin.Concentrations of PCA in tissues were all lower than the maximum residue level(MRL) at 4 h after final administration.The results indicated that there existeda rapid depletion of PCA in chicken tissues.Although we suggested the withdrawal period of PCA should be 0 hour,the withdrawal period of new medicine should be made based on the national specific situation.Keywords：chicken tissues;protocatechuic acid;residue;depletion;HPLC1|9|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：For rapid and accurate identification of stored-product pests,Grain Pests DNA Barcode Identification System (GPDBIS) was established by using SOL SERVER 2009 and C#.The basic information and mtDNACOⅠ barcode information of about 40 species of stored-product pests and mites were collected in the GPDBIS system.This system provided similarity comparison,phylogenetic tree,information searching and management.The preliminarily application showed that the GPDBIS system was interface friendly and function stably,which achieved rapid and correct identification of stored-product pests.GPDBIS developed in this study could further enhance the ability of rapid and correct identification of stored-product pests,improved the monitoring and management of stored-product pests.It could also facilitate the international trade of agricultural goods and grain safety of China.Keywords：expert system;stored-product pest;DNA barcoding;similarity comparison;phylogenetic tree0|8|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：In order to improve the work quality of the film receiving mechanism of rake teeth type residual film recovery machine,increase film receiving mechanism in the film picking rate and reduce the leakage rate of film,Box-Benhnken central composite test method was adopted to test parameters of the film receiving mechanism of residual film recovery machine by taking tooth curvature radius,buried rake angle,tooth pitch as influencing factors.And response surface experiment was conducted on three factors and three levels by using the picking up rate of film and leakage rate of film for index test as experimental index.The mathematical model of response surface was established,and the influence factors on the quality of work was analyzed,and optimized.The results showed that the order of significant level of effectors was tooth curvature radius,buried rake angle and tooth pitch;And the order of significant level of effectors on membrane leakage rate was buried teeth angle,tooth pitch,and the curvature radius of the tooth;The optimal parameter combination for the curvature radius is tooth 195 mm,harrow penetration angle 60°,tooth spacing 110 mm,corresponding film collecting rate and membrane leakage rate reached 94.7% and 0.75%,respectively.The performance and theory optimization values of relative error was less than 5%.The study provides basis for the film receiving mechanism of tooth type residual film recycling machine improvement and operating parameters optimization.Keywords：tooth type;film receiving mechanism;mathematical model;response surface;optimization3|10|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：It was difficult to do visualization research by traditional physical methods for the materials movement in the discharging device of kneading machine.Based on CFD-DEM gas-solid coupling method,numerical simulation for kneading machine on the process of materials movement in the discharging device under the different spindle velocity,air flow velocity distribution in internal flow field and coupling force distribution that air flow acts on the materials were analyzed by using RNG K-ε turbulence model and Euler-Lagrange coupling algorithm.The materials movement process when fan spindle velocity reached to 3 000 r/min was studied by dividing into different parts.The simulation results showed that:When the rated rotation velocity of fan spindle was within 3 200 r/min,the spindle velocity was 2 000,2 500 and 3 000 r/min.At the end of the simulation,the materials quantities that discharging device produced were 6 084,6 784 and 7 584,respectively;The average velocity of materials in different zones formed a gradient distribution,which in descending order according to speed were materials outlet zone (10.00 m/s),fan rotation zone (6.00 m/s),materials inlet zone (0.87 m/s);The air flow velocity in fan rotation zone was maximum (peak value was 50.00 m/s) and this zone also had the strongest coupling force for the materials,while coupling force in materials inlet zone was the minimum;Quantity of materials in the inlet zone was the maximum and had a small accumulation at the end of simulation,and there was no backflow phenomenon in the outlet zone.In order to verify the simulation results,an experimental test was conducted showing that it was feasible to use CFD-DEM gas-solid coupling method to do visualization research for the materials movement in the discharging device of kneading machine.Keywords：kneading machine;CFD-DEM;coupling;materials movement;numerical simulation1|15|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：To explore the effect of keep-off shade on temperature field in solar greenhouse in cold-arid areas,greenhouses used universally for agricultural production in a suburb of Hohhot,Inner Mongolia are study objects.The internal temperature in greenhouses with keep-off shade (experimental group) and greenhouses without keep-off shade (control group) were investigated continuously.Numerical models based on CFD method of these two types of greenhouses in natural ventilation were built.The results showed that temperatures in experimental greenhouse at 0.1 m height (accordant to crop canopy) are higher than the control group among whole span areas,the maximum of temperature difference was 4.2 ℃,while the minimum was 1 ℃.Area scale of land surface temperature under 20 ℃ was regarded as evaluation index,when the vent is 0.3 m wide and the bottom is 0.25 m high,solar radiation is more than 300 W/m2,wind speed is less than 1.2 m/s,our results demonstrate that the best windward length is 0.84 m and the best oblique angle is 76° in order to ensure the land surface temperature of most arable zones are higher than 20 ℃ under the condition of natural ventilation.Keywords：solar greenhouse;keep-off shade;structure optimization;CFD model0|11|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Changes in the distribution pattern of Hulunbuir grassland cover and its spatial and temporal trend were analyzed to discover the effects of ecological engineering implementation and provide a scientific basis for reasonable development and utilization of grassland.Based on the Landsat4/5 TM remoting sensing images in the year 2000,2005 and 2010,and the maximum likelihood method was adopted to supervise and classify the results and to investigate the distribution pattern of land cover during different periods.By making transfer matrix between different land types in different period,the mutual transformation results were quantitatively analyzed between different land types in different periods.The results proved that:1)The reducing area of grassland each year was 3 063.03 hm2/a,the area was transformed dramatically with the unused land, arable land and wetland;The reducing area of water is 3 960.98 hm2/a, the area transform dramatically with wetland and unused land; 2)Arable land, building lot and unused land were increased at different levels; 3)The changes of woodland and wetland were relatively stable.In conclusion,due to climate changes,agricultural development and land construction from year 2000 to 2010,the area of Hulunbuir grassland and water area,which transformed into arable land,construction land and unused land,reduced distinctively.In general,the ecological protection of Hulunbuir grassland and water areas and grassland is in tough situation.Keywords：grassland;Hulunbuir;remote sensing image;land cover;spatial distribution;dynamic analysis0|8|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：To speed up the construction improvement of land reclamation quality management system of mining enterprises,ensure the quality of land reclamation,promote the normalization and standardization of land reclamation of mining enterprises,as well as make the reclamation obligors undertake social responsibility actively and pay old debts quickly and not owe the new,comparative analyses on the reclamation quality requirements raised by land reclamation management system at home and abroad were conducted.Two problems in the land reclamation quality management of the mining enterprises in China were put forwarded.On one hand, the land reclamation quality management organization is not sound;on the other hand,there is a lack in quality management standard of land reclamation.Based on that the urgency and development direction of the construction of mine land reclamation management system in China were pointed out.Keywords：mine enterprise;reclamation obligor;land reclamation;quality management0|7|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：The aim of this study was to investigate the carbon (C) dissolution regularities of solid C source and the effects of additional C on denitrification in constructed wetland (CW) Bamboo,wood chips,and woody peat were selected as additional C sources to test C dissolution under anaerobic condition and be used in CW for primary testing to provide application basis.The results showed that: the amount of unit mass materials C dissolution was: bamboo>wood chips>woody peat;The average C dissolution was 577,266 and 59 mg/(kg·d),respectively;The regression equation of C dissolution rate with time showed the fitting of higher degree,while the C dissolution was stabilized.The testing system with additional 62 kg wood chips displayed the higher total nitrogen and ammonium removal rate than the system with additional 31 kg C.In conclusion,it is found that the application of wood chips as CW denitrification extra C materials promoted nitrogen removal.Keywords：constructed wetlands;denitrification remove nitrogen;external carbon source;carbon dissolution0|10|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：To study the effect of phosphorus fertilizer postpone and reduction on phosphorus utilization efficiency of rice during the growth period,field experiments related to soil testing and phosphorus recommendation as well as phosphorus fertilizer postpone and reduction during rice growth period were carried out to analyze the rice yield,phosphorus accumulation and phosphorus use efficiency.Results showed that under the same phosphorus level,compared with the soil testing and P fertilizer recommendation treatments (P used as basal fertilizer),the P concentration as well as the amounts of total and net phosphorus accumulation in rice during the later growth period in T3 (basal P∶top dressed P=7∶3) were 4.3%、12% and 25.6% higher than those in T2(P used as basal fertilizer).Meanwhile,the contribution rate,agronomic use efficiency,partial fertilizer productivity and absorption efficiency of phosphorus in treatments of phosphorus fertilizer postpone 30% were increased by 27.7%、33.6%、8.2% and 27.3%,and the rice yield increased by 8.2% than that in T2(P used as basal fertilizer),respectively.The rice yields in P fertilizer recommendation treatments (T2,P used as basal fertilizer),were 1.8% and 6.5% higher than that in reduction 30% plus postpone 30% of phosphorus fertilizer and the treatments of reduction 50% plus postpone 30% of phosphorus fertilizer,but the difference was not significant (P>0.05). Results from this study indicated that reasonable amount of phosphorus fertilizer postpone increased phosphorus uptake and accumulation,P utilization efficiency and rice yield during the growth period;and reasonable amount of phosphorus fertilizer reduction maintained normal production of rice.Keywords：rice;phosphorus;grain yield0|8|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Extreme weather was assessed based on the daily data of temperature and precipitation from 1980 to 2014 in Hubei Province.The effects of extreme climatic factors on climate yield of rice were analyzed.The main conclusions were as follows: 1)Extreme precipitation and the days of precipitation showed an decreased trend,and extreme precipitation showed clear spatial decreasing distributions from east to west and from south to north; 2)Extreme high temperature showed an increasing trend,which mainly reflected in the increasing of both the number of days and intensity of extreme high temperature.The extreme high temperature events are easy to occur in the north and west of Hubei Province; 3)The impacts of extreme climate indicators on rice yield were negatively correlated.Among them,the minimum temperature increase of 1% would make the climate yield of rice decreased by 0.197%.The number of extreme high temperature days also inhibited the rice climatic yield,and the increase in the number of 1% would decrease the yield of rice by 0.046%.In conclusion,the climate monitoring should be strengthened to prevent the damages of extreme weather events on rice growth in Hubei Province.Keywords：extreme precipitation;extreme temperature;rice;climate yield0|7|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Based on 863 farmers’ survey data from five provinces in China,comparative research on farmers’ purchasing willingness and their actual purchasing behavior of green pesticides are conducted via Bivariate Probit model.The results show that:Farmers'purchasing intention and purchasing behavior of green pesticide are inconsistent.Only 68.07% of the farmers who are willing to purchase green pesticide have purchased green pesticides;There are some differences between their influencing factors.On one hand,the distance from the town,recognition of the banned pesticide varieties,knowledge of harmless,green and organic products have significant influence on both farmers’ purchasing intention and purchasing behavior of green pesticides.On the other hand,concern of environment and comparison of instruction information when purchasing pesticides,knowledge of pesticides information mostly through sales person or lectures provided by grass-roots government,have significant influence on farmers' purchasing intention.while pesticide residues detection,having participated in pesticides' using technical training,price factors,degree of commercialization have significant influence on farmers' purchasing behavior.Therefore,in order to promote the utilization of green pesticide,the government should intensify pesticide residue detection;extend the information of green pesticide through various channels.In the meantime,the government can promote pesticides’ using technical actively,implement price subsidy policy on green pesticide,as well as set up the public welfare of product liability insurance.Keywords：purchasing willingness;purchasing behavior;green pesticides;Bivariate probit model;influencing factors2|8|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：To investigate the farmers' decision on short-term production factors input under the background of price fluctuations,farmers' short-term input decision was analyzed through Logit model by taking layer production as study case.The results showed that:The price fluctuations of eggs only influenced part of the farmers' decision.Farmers who adjusted production factors input gained more profits or minimized their losses in short term;Their decisions were greatly influenced by the farmers’ education,income of breeding layers,standardization and cooperation.Farmers’ ability to respond to the price fluctuations of agricultural products could be improved through training,guiding,visit arrangement,standardization of farms and establishment of Hens Breeding Cooperatives.Keywords：egg price;production factors;layer;Logit model2|8|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Aiming at the heterogeneity problem of laying hens breeding farmers' production efficiency under the background of concurrently industry management in China,DEA-CLAD model is used to calculate the production efficiencies of laying hens breeding farmers and take an empirical analysis is conducted to analysis their main influence factors.The results show that: 1) Neglecting the laying hen breeding farmers' concurrently industry management activities will overestimate the technical efficiency and allocative efficiency of laying hens breeding farmers and underestimate their scale efficiency; 2) The allocative efficiency loss is the key element of the efficiency loss of laying hens breeding farmers; 3) From regional view,the technical efficiency and allocative efficiency of laying hens breeding farmers in the northeast is the highest,and the technical efficiency,scale efficiency and allocative efficiency of the in western region are all low; 4) To standardize breeding,farmer's acceptance of training,education level and years of working experience in breeding are the main factors influencing the technical efficiency.Improving the allocative efficiency of the laying hens breeding farmers is important for the development promotion of laying hens industry in China.Keywords：laying hens breeding;concurrently industry management;production efficiency;DEA-CLAD model;factor market0|8|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Based on the output data of meat,eggs and milk and the consumption of feed grain from 1980 to 2013,the demand of feed grain was predicted by error correction model and ARIMA model.It was found that the output of meat,eggs and milk and demand of feed grain both showed a gradually increasing trend in the future.In 2025,the output of meat,eggs and milk would reach 187.88 million tons and the demand of feed grain would need 215.96 million tons.To release the pressure of feed grain demand,ways including enlarging production of feed grain,improving per unit grain yield,importing feed grain moderately,investing more on technology and improving conversion efficiency were put forwarded.Keywords：feed grain;animal products;supply and demand;errorcorrection model;ARIMA model0|7|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：To understand the incompatibility between grassland ecological protection and herders livelihood objectives,according the loss caused by reducing livestock to establish the differentiated eco-compensation standards,was the design concept of achieving the peering relationship of reducing livestock and compensation.The compensation standard of the balanced grass and livestock in Maqu County was taking as study case.Empirical analysis of the theoretical framework showed that:When considering opportunity losses caused by reducing livestock,theoretical average compensation standard was set at 330 yuan/hm2,but the actual compensation standard was 32.7 yuan/hm2 and significantly lower;Without considering opportunity loss of reducing livestock,non-differentiated compensation standard leaded to 23.36% of the herders without reducing livestock obtained 37.88% eco-compensation,and 46.73% of the seriously overgrazing herders received only 29.50% eco-compensation;Correlations between losses caused by reducing livestock and the compensation received were apparently unequal,and suppressed the initiative of reducing livestock of overgrazing herders.Application of the differential compensation standard considered losses caused by reducing livestock achieved the peering relationship of reducing livestock and compensation and solved the problem of low efficiency caused by the original eco-compensation policy.Keywords：grassland ecology;Grassland Ecological Protection Subsidies and Rewards Program;compensation standards;opportunity losses caused by reducing livestock0|7|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：DEA-Malmquist model is adopted to investigate the low-carbon agriculture productivity in China,and the correlation between China's agricultural carbon emissions are then discussed and the low carbon agriculture productivity was investigated by using Tapio decoupling.The results show that: 1) The upward trend of the total agricultural carbon emission in China is obvious,while there exist certain ups and downs.The intensity of agricultural carbon emission has decreased.The trend of carbon emission that resulted from agricultural supplies,paddy fields and livestock keep rising.Among them,the proportion of agricultural supplies carbon emission increases with the proportion decrease of paddy fields and livestock at different degree; 2) China’s low-carbon agricultural productivity keeps growing at an annual rate of 0.80% from 1993,and according to the interannual variation of cumulative data.It can be divided into three stages,namely smooth undulating stage,wave decline stage and volatility rise stage.Agricultural frontier technology progress has played more significant effects on growth sources than agricultural technology efficiency;3) The decoupling type between China’s agricultural carbon emission and its carbon agricultural productivity is mainly strong negative decoupling and expanding negative decoupling during the period of 1993-2002.Though there are many kinds of decoupling coexist in 2002-2012,the weak decoupling is the principal type.Keywords：agricultural carbon emission;agricultural carbon sink;low-carbon agriculture;DEA-Malmquist model;decoupling model0|8|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
