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- Abstract：In order to reduce soil salinization in Hetao irrigation area,make full use of light and heat resources,improve the productivity of farmland,this research took timely transplanting sunflower seedling after spring wheat harvest as study object by using spring wheat sole cropping,maize sole cropping and sunflower sole cropping as control.The topsoil salinity,crop yields,fixed and synthetic calorific energy and output value and others of spring wheat-sunflower multiple cropping were monitored and investigated in fields at Baren village experiment station of Hetao irrigation area.Compared with spring wheat sole cropping,maize sole cropping and sunflower sole cropping,the results showed that the topsoil salinity of spring wheat-sunflower multiple cropping decreased by 32.52%,16.70% and 24.92% respectively;Equivalent grain yields increased by 107.25%,23.20% and 17.28% respectively;Grain fixed and synthetic calorific energy increased by 105.35%,6.06% and 18.31% respectively;Total equivalent yields increased by 126.01%,3.86% and 3.21% respectively;equivalent straw yields increased by 252.19%,reduced by 35.94% and reduced by 30.01% respectively;And Straw fixed and synthetic calorific energy increased by 91.84%,reduced by 10.05%,and increased by 4.08% respectively;Total net fixed and synthetic calorific energy increased by 98.40%,reduced by 5.82%,and increased by 7.83% respectively.The economic coefficient of transplanting sunflower was significantly higher than that of sunflower sole cropping.The total output value of spring wheat-sunflower multiple cropping were respectively higher 143.35%,102.33% and 3.19% than that of spring wheat sole cropping,maize sole cropping and sunflower sole cropping;Total net output value was higher 176.15% than spring wheat sole cropping,and higher 116.55% than maize sole cropping,lower 13.26% than sunflower sole cropping.In conclusion,the total net output value of spring wheat-sunflower multiple cropping was lower than that of sunflower sole cropping,but spring wheat-sunflower multiple cropping reduced soil salinity.Therefore,spring wheat-sunflower multiple cropping had certain development prospect in Hetao irrigation area.Keywords：spring wheat;sunflower;multiple cropping;soil salinity;productivity4|9|6<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Based on agricultural policy and development characteristics,the summer maize system from year 1973 to 2013 was divided into four periods:1973-1983 was the period of soil improvement and control salinity hazard;1984-1993 is the period of the initial development of agriculture;1994-2003 was the period of the rapid development of agriculture;And 2004-2013 was modern agriculture period.The impact of the four stages on environment was analyzed by using LCA (Life cycle assessment) and the result showed:that the increasing impacts of energy depletion,global warming,acidification and aquatic eutrophication were increasing while the impacts of human ecotoxicity,fresh water ecotoxicity and terrestrial ecotoxicity were decreasing at all periods;In the period of 1973-1983 was aquatic eutrophication (the impact index was 0.121 40) and the significant environmental impact of the next three periods was fresh water ecotoxicity (the impact indexes were 0.856 65、0.812 16、0.542 08,respectively); Energy depletion was significant from fertilizer production process,global warming was significant from carbon emissions and nitrous oxide emissions,acidification was mainly resulted from NH3 volatilization,aquatic eutrophication was mainly caused by NH3 volatilization and NO3-N losses,and ecotoxicity was resulted from the use of pesticide.To promote high productivity and high efficiency is the important measure to achieve sustainable development of agriculture and reduce environmental pollution.Keywords：summer maize;life cycle assessment;impact on environment5|9|2<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：In order to understand the relationships of canopy architecture and yield formation in spring barley,a two-year experiment (2014-2015) was conducted by using eight spring barley cultivars in Linzhi area,Tibet.The results showed that high-yield (HY) cultivars had 28.5% higher mean yield than those medium-yield (MY) cultivars,probably as a results of increasing in ear/m2 by 8.5%,spike lets per ear by 10.4%,spike lets/m2 by 15.6%,and kernel weight by 16.1%,respectively.At tiller stage,mean maximum tiller number of HY cultivars was 20.11% lower than that of MY cultivars,and dry matter accumulation was 28.3% lower.Tiller mortality mainly appeared in the period from elongation to grain-filling stage,and the mortality rate of HY cultivars was 17.44% lower than that of MY cultivars.At heading stage,HY cultivars were superior to MY cultivars in dry matter accumulation and percentage of ear-bearing tillers with 17.5% and 9.06% higher,respectively.Regarding canopy architecture,top three leaves area of HY barley cultivars were 94.52,59.02 and 40.50% larger than that of MY cultivars,respectively.The values of basic leaf angle,open angle,and leaf drooping degree of the top three leaves of HY cultivars showed the same pattern:flag leaf < 2nd top leaf < 3rd top leaf.Furthermore,HY cultivars had higher plant height,thicker and shorter basal 2nd internode,and longer ears with a longer and stronger jointed internode.Keywords：Tibet;high yield;barley;cultivar;canopy architecture5|12|1<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：The objective of this study is to clone the sucrose transporter gene (SUT) from sugarcane and to analyze its sequence and expression patterns.Rapid amplification of cDNA ends was used to clone gene for SUTgene from the sugarcane immature internodes,which was named as SoSUT2-h1 gene with the GenBank accession number KF808330.The full-length cDNA of SoSUT2-h1 was 2 132 bp,containing a 1 749 bp open reading frame (ORF) which encodes 582 amino acids with a theoretical molecular mass of 61.80 ku and isoelectric point of 6.17.The So SUT2-h1 protein was predicted to exhibit typical features of sucrose transporters with 12 trans-membrane spanning domains,belonging to a member of major facilitator superfamily and GPH family sucrose/H+ symporter.The results of quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) showed that the expression of SoSUT2 could be detected in roots,stalks,leaves,flowers and buds,among which the highest was found in buds,followed by flowers,and the lowest was in roots at the physiological maturing stage of sugarcane.In internode of sugarcane,the sucrose content was positively correlated with the SoSUT2 gene expression quantities at maturing stage.The gene expression pattern indicated SoSUT2 might be the key enzymes involved in regulating sucrose accumulation during the growth and development of the internodes of sugarcane stalks.Keywords：sugarcane;sucrose transporter;cloning;gene expression5|9|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：In order to provide a novel management model to improve kernel-apricot orchards' biological stability and economic efficiency,temporal dynamics of species diversity index,species number and amount of pests and natural enemies were used to analyze the three different models,which were natural grass model,intercropping Scutellaria baicalensis Georsi model and clean tillage model held in Yanqing County,Beijing.The results showed that:The first two models had higher diversity indices;The kernel-apricot orchards under natural grass model showed the highest pest number,followed by the clean tillage model and the intercropping S.baicalensis Georsi model;The kernel-apricot orchards under intercropping S.baicalensis Georsi model had the highest proportion of natural enemies,followed by the clean tillage model and the natural grass model.Compared with other two kernel-apricot orchards management models,the intercropping S.baicalensis Georsi model attracted natural enemies and promoted biological stability in kernel-apricot orchard.2|12|2<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Research on nutrient use efficiency (NUE) in plants with different nutrient use strategy,can assist the improvement of crop and fertilizer management.Two nitrogen-fixing species (Glycine max Merr.and Medicago sativa Linn.) and two non-nitrogen-fixing species (Echinochloa crusgali Beauv.and Amaranthus mangostanus Linn.) were taken as study materials to investigate nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) use efficiency (NNUE and PNUE) based on greenhouse fertilization tests.The results showed that:PNUEs of legume were higher at seedling stage than other stages;NNUEs of the two legumes were significantly lower than non-nitrogen-fixing plants across all stages.For every double increment of plant N and P accumulation,the total growth rate increased by 0.5-0.7 times (G.max,N:0.69,P:0.54;M.sativa,N:0.52,P:0.53) for legumes,which was significantly lower than that in non-nitrogen-fixing species (A.mangostanus,N:2.75,P:2.23;E.crusgali,N:2.87,P:2.10).The variances in NNUE and PNUE existed among these four plants reflect their differences in nutrient use strategies of these two categories of plant functional types (nitrogen-fixer vs.non-nitrogen-fixer) during their life cycles,although the underlying physiological mechanism is remain unclear.In conclusion,application of low N:P fertilizer ratio to legumes at early stages can make the most of cultivars nodulation and nitrogen fixation,and leading to higher fertilizer use efficiency.Keywords：nitrogen;phosphorus;accumulation;nitrogen-fixing plants;growth stage;growth rate;nutrient use efficiency2|12|12<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Aim of this study was to determine the effect of mixed planting of alfalfa with smooth brome on root traits and cold resistance of alfalfa.Four alfalfa cultivars,Longmu 806,Gongnong 1,WL319HQ and Aohan were mix planted with smooth brome in 3∶7 ratio.Root traits and nutritive composition of alfalfa in each treatment were evaluated by membership function.The results showed that:The overwinter rate of alfalfa mixed-sowing with smooth brome was much higher than single sowing respective alfalfa varieties.Root collar diameter,taproot diameter,lateral root number of mixed-sowing treatments were more higher than single sowing respective alfalfa varieties,but taproot length and crown depth in soil showed the reverse tendency.Root collar diameter increased at first and then decreased before overwintering,which from November 15th to April 30th did not change significantly.Root collar branch of strong cold resistance alfalfa were more than other varieties.The content soluble sugar,soluble protein,free proline increased with the temperature decreases decreased after turning green,which reached maximum on November 15th.The POD activity rose at first,then declined and rose again during whole overwintering period.By the evaluation of membership function,it was found that the obtained cold resistance from great to small were Gongnong 1+Smooth Brome > Gongnong 1 > WL319HQ+ > Smooth Brome > WL319HQ > Longmu 806+Smooth Brome > Aohan+Smooth Brome > Aohan.Keywords：alfalfa;smooth brome;mixed;root traits;cold hardiness8|8|5<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：To provide guidance for efficient usage of wastewater in reed wetland,the morphology distribution and redistribution of manganese in reed wetland irrigated by papermaking wastewater were analyzed by simulating Liaohe River estuary with experimental device schemes.The results indicated that:1)The contents of different forms of manganese in soil were residual fractions (792.18 mg/kg),reducible fractions (259.38 mg/kg),weak acid extractable fractions (103.26 mg/kg) and oxidizable fractions (26.82 mg/kg),respectively.Residual and reducible fractions were the main fractions in reed wetland.The content of weak acid extractable fractions increased,but the contents of reducible and residual fractions decreased after irrigation.With the increasing of CODCr concentration,the residual fractions increased gradually while the reducible fractions decreased,the weak acid extractable and oxidizable fractions kept stable;2)The redistribution of manganese in soil was dependent on the growing process of reed.The redistribution coefficient of manganese was the highest at rapid growth stage of reed,followed by mature stage.However,among the germination,leaf extension and heading stages of reed,the redistribution coefficient of manganese declined and manganese's morphology distribution was stable.The most influential effect of manganese redistribution in wetland soil occurred when the wetland was irrigated with 300 mg/L CODCr.Wastewater with 50 mg/L CODCr showed the least effect;3)Papermaking wastewater irrigation reduced the residual content of manganese in soil, which leaded to the decrease of manganese content in wetlands.Keywords：papermaking wastewater;wetland;manganese;speciation;redistribution6|9|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：With the aid of GIS,spatial and temporal variations in service value of the green space ecosystem in Beijing between 2000 and 2012 was studied by using data derived from years 2000,2006 and 2012.The results revealed relatively small differences in the service values among the years 2000,2006 and 2012,which were 36.903 billion,37.186 billion and 37.085 billion yuan,respectively.The combined service values of farmland and woodland ecosystems accounted for 95.27% of the total green space ecological service value.From 2000 to 2006,the value of the forest ecosystem services had increased more significantly with 6.5% increase over 2000;In contrast,the increase slowed down from 2006 to 2012 at a mere 0.7%.The value of farmland ecosystem services showed a decreasing trend and it reduced by 21.2% from 2000 to 2006 and 7.3% from 2006 to 2012.From 2000 to 2006,the decreases of the green space ecosystem service value were mostly in the southeastern plain of Beijing, eastern Yanqing district,mid-to-western Huairou district and northwest Changping district.However,the value was increased in northern mountainous area and southwestern mountainous area.And some scattered areas in Yanqing,Huairou and Changping districts also showed significant increases.Finally,the ecosystem service value of green space showed a mostly decreasing trend from 2006 to 2012,excepting a slight increase in spotted areas.The order of the values of ecosystem services provided to various aspects by Beijing green space was as following:soil formation and protection > gas regulation > biodiversity > water conservation > climate control > waste treatment > raw materials > food production > entertainment culture.This study provided a scientific basis for future urban management,planning,construction and environmental protection in Beijing.Keywords：greenland ecosystem;value of ecosystem services;Beijing5|11|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：This experiment was designed to study the small peptides transporter and construct cell model based on the principle of small peptides transport and absorption.Bovine small intestine tissue were digested with mixture of collagenase I and dispase.The removal of mononuclear cells,lymphocytes and muscle cells were performed by density gradient centrifugation with 2% D-Sorbitol.Purification of bovine intestinal epithelial cells was done by curettage,phase contrast digestion and 96 orifice plate monoclonal method.The methods of morphological observation,cytokeratine 18 immunofluorescence and gene expression analysis of intestinal epithelial cell markers were used to identify the bovine intestinal epithelial cells.The results showed that:1) Using mixture of collagenase I and dispase to digest bovine small intestine tissue and through 2% D-Sorbitol density gradient centrifugation obtained a large number of cell mass and the cells adheren in 48 h,but cell adherence was not strong;2) After 48 h,the cell mass grew out of the cells the cell morphology was typical epithelial cells and paving stones.and the cells were in logarithmic growth phase,abundant in growth and a part of fibroblasts and small intestinal epithelial cell mixed growth in 5-7 d;3) Through the 96 hole plate method,the bovine intestinal epithelial cells and the cells showed homogeneous paving stones were obtained;4) The cytokeratine 18 immunofluorescence was positive and emitted green fluorescence under the fluorescence microscope;5) Though RT-PCR,the expressions of the small intestinal epithelial cell specific marker protein E-cadherin,alkaline phosphatase and intestinal peptide were detected.The above results show that this study successfully established the method of isolation and culture of bovine intestinal epithelial cells and for further study the absorption mechanism of small peptide transport.It also provided an ideal cell model for differentiation of mucosal immunity M cell.Keywords：cow;intestinal epithelial cells;cytokeratine 18;intestinal peptide;E-cadherin6|13|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：In order to investigate the influence of non-genetic factors on main economic traits of Simmental cattle,the production performance record of Xinjiang Hutubi cattle farm from 1989 to 2014 years were adopted,a total of 1492 Simmental cattle,effects of the factors including parity differences,calving years,calving seasons,age of calving on the main economic traits,e.g.305 days of milk yield,body height,body length(hard),body length(soft),chest girth,circumference of abdomen,rump width,rump length,leg circumference,cannon circumference,body weight and type classification of Simmental cattle were analyzed by least square analysis.The results showed that:different parity,calving year and age of calving had a significant effect on the main economic traits in Simmental cattle (P>0.05).While different calving seasons had a significant effect on the 305 days of milk yield,body height,chest girth,rump width,rump length,leg circumference,cannon circumference,body weight and type classification (P<0.01),it had no significant effect on body length(hard),body length(soft),circumference of abdomen (P>0.05).This study provided a theoretical basis for Simmental cattle breeding value estimation and breeding objectives program.Keywords：Simmental cattle;305 days of milk yield;body size;body weight;type classification5|10|1<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Aims of this study were to investigate the influence of PrP106-126 on canonical Wnt-LRP6 pathway and the relationship between low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 6 (LRP6) and RE1-silencing transcription factor(REST) in PrP106-126-induced neuropathological changes.Wnt-LRP6 inhibitor and activator were used to test the effect of Wnt signaling on REST.By overexpression or knockdown of LRP6,the relationship between LRP6 and REST in PrP106-126-induced neuropathological changes was examined by immunofluorescence and Western blot analysis.The function of LRP6 in PrP106-126-stimulated primary neuronal death was verified by Annexin V-FITC/PI apoptosis assay.The results showed that Wnt signaling partly regulated the expression of REST;LRP6 was critical for the activation of REST and protects neurons from PrP106-126-induced synaptic and neurofibrillary degeneration. In conclusion,the LRP6-Wnt-β-catenin/REST signaling played critical and collaborative roles in neuroprotection.This signaling of neuronal survival regulation could be explored as a viable therapeutic target for prion diseases and associated neurodegenerative diseases.Keywords：Wnt-LRP6 signaling pathway;PrP106-126;primary cortical neurons;neuroprotection6|10|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Aim of this study was to investigate the influence of Streptococcus thermophilus(nisin) and rhubarb compound on the activity of serum matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 in the endometritis of rats.The endometritis model of rat was constructed,and a total of 280 SD rats were randomly divided into nisin group,low,medium and high doses of rhubarb compound groups,antibiotic group,saline group and model group.Models of endometritis were constructed at 0 h and modeling after 24,48,72 h,and the changes of the experimental group of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitor metalloproteinases (TIMPs) were detected by ELISA to determine the therapeutic effects.The results showed that:1) From 0 to 72 h,the concentration of MMP-9 and TIMP-1 in the model group was significantly lower than those in the normal saline group (P<0.05) and the concentration of MMP-2 and TIMP-2 decreases gradually;2)In the nisin and high dose of rhubarb compound group,the concentration of MMP-9,TIMP-1,MMP-2 and TIMP-2 were significantly higher than those in the normal saline group (P<0.05),in which the nisin group and high dose of rhubarb compound group showed the best effects.In conclusion,nisin and high dose of rhubarb compound significantly improved the expression in serum of TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 in endometritis of rats,inhibited the activity of MMP-9 and MMP-2 and played the role of regulation for the womb physiological function,showing that the concentration of nisin,medium and high dose of rhubarb compound had a positive effect on the concentration of MMP-9,TIMP-1 and MMP-2.Keywords：nisin;rhubarb compound;endometritis;matrix metalloproteinases;tissue inhibitor metalloproteinases17|16|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：The level of China orchard mechanization falls behind other countries,which seriously restricts the healthy development of fruit industry.By taking orchard soil plowing,tree management,pest control,irrigation,fruit collection as guidance factors,this study was focused on the main links of orchard mechanization operations and labor used.The application and research situation of orchard production power machinery,ditcher,crop protection machine,hedge trimmer,management machine,harvest machine,branch grinding machine and irrigation machine at home and abroad were analyzed.Moreover,the selection and labor cost were discussed in the seven main links of the 100 mu standardization.The research results show that:The ground orchards,hilly mountain orchard soil plowing machinery comprehensive operation level are 25% and 5.5%;Tree management comprehensive machinery operation level are 20% and 8%;Pests control comprehensive machinery operation levels are 15% and 7.5%;Fruit harvest comprehensive machinery operation levels are 4% and 2%; Comprehensive mechanization levels are 16% and 5.75%,respectively.The government should increase investment in scientific research,strengthen the agricultural machinery and agronomy combination,each link one by one breakthrough,enhance the application of orchard mechanization technology,adjust measures to local conditions,selectively develop orchard machinery in our country.Keywords：orchard mechanization;management link;status;development43|31|28<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Aiming at the problem that it is difficult to keep phone camera's optical axis vertical with leaf plane when measuring leaf area under field condition.The pinhole camera model and digital image processing techniques were used to correct the leaf area measurement in this study to build an error correction model for the quantitative influence of camera tilt angle factor on leaf area measurement.The results showed that:1) Ten virtual oval green leafs with different sizes were used to test the developed android APP.Simulation results showed that the decision coefficients between measured area and theoretical area were higher than 97% and decrease with the increase of the camera tilt angle,the relative error of the corrected leaf area was range from -6% to 8%,while the uncorrected error was up to 41%.2) Leaves of sunflower,tomato,pepper,and eggplants were selected to verify the proposed method.Experiment results showed that when the camera tilt angle was less than 15 degrees and the distance between leaf and phone was about 30 to 65 cm,the measured relative error was ranged from -6% to 6%,while the uncorrected error was ranged from -27.5% to 25%.Keywords：leaf area;pinhole camera model;android App;error correction10|12|5<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：A concept sprayer chassis of hydraulic direct drive was put forwarded in order to meet the intelligent and flexible needs of plant protection spraying operation under complex agricultural and forestry environments.The mathematical model of the synchronous rotating system of the bilateral hydraulic motor was established.Synchronization control strategy of the outer active disturbance rejection controller separate control and the inner PID coordinated control was developed.A three order auto disturbance rejection controller was designed in the form of discretization and the synchronous control of the bilateral hydraulic motor was studied.SIMULINK simulation and test bench experiments were conducted.The results showed that:The active disturbance rejection synchronous control had more rapid response compared to the traditional PID control.The rising time was 1.2 s and the setting time was 3 s.The bilateral hydraulic motor synchronous control error was lower under disturbance condition.The peak value of the bilateral motor synchronization error was only -0.016 rad and the synchronous control precision were higher than 0.060% under the internal parameters perturbation of the motor 2.The peak value of the bilateral motor synchronization error could reach -0.850 rad and the synchronization control precision was less than 2.000% with the PID control.It was showed that the auto disturbance rejection synchronous controller had higher control precision and disturbance error compensation ability,which could satisfy the requirement of the straight line driving of sprayer chassis.Theoretical reference was provided in this study for the design of the walking machine chassis and hydraulic synchronous control system in complex agricultural and forestry environments.Keywords：hydraulic direct drive;sprayer chassis;bilateral hydraulic motor;active disturbance rejection synchronous control;synchronous error15|12|3<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：The stress relaxation experiment and the simulation analysis of the stress relaxation properties of jujube from Dunhuang Mingshan,Gansu were carried out in order to predict the mechanical response of fresh jujube in particular strain state and to reduce the mechanical damage and structural defects.The stress-time relation curve and mathematical model of relaxation characteristics in different compression direction (horizontal and vertical) and deformation (2 and 3 mm) were obtained through tests,and the dynamics simulation model of fresh jujube was set up using ADAMS.The stress relaxation properties of fresh jujube could be described using three components available Maxwell model,which correlation coefficient reached more than 0.95.The stress relaxation of longitudinal compression with fresh jujube in any time was greater than lateral compression,and the greater the stress compression deformation,the greater the balanced stress.The relaxation parameter included elastic modulus and relaxation time,and each had a significant correlation between these two parameters.The maximum deviation between relaxation test value and simulation value was 9.0% under longitudinal compression of fresh jujube,which verified the accuracy of simulation values.Keywords：fresh jujube;stress relaxation;mathematical model;simulation of virtual prototype5|10|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Aiming at the problems cause by the frozen ground of curtain cowshed in winter at the Northwest of China,i.e.cows walking-impaired,skidding,and kneeling,damage of cows hoof and nipples,and un-normal operation of mechanical scraping manure systems affecting barn environment and other issues.adopts Computational Fluid Dynamics method was adopted in this study,Simulations of the three distribution of ground temperature fields in cowshed with different low-wall were conducted,and the results were in a good agreement with field test.The results showed that the height of the wall and external wall insulation had great influence on the ground temperature field which close to low-wall.1) The influent degree of low wall height on the ground temperature is greater than the wall heat preservation measures of application.When low wall height was increased from 0.5 m to 1.5 m,within 2 m of the low-wall,ground temperature was increased by 1.0 ℃;2) The low-wall height and wall insulation displayed interaction effect,and the ground temperature of 1.2 m height low-wall with exterior insulation was same with 1.4 m height low-wall without exterior insulation.In conclusion,considering the low altitude,the ventilated thermal insulation layer of summer,the influence of the construction cost,1.2 m height low-wall with external insulation design was recommended.Keywords：curtain barn;the ground temperature simulation;low-wall design;model validation3|9|2<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Study on the herdsman-level heterogeneity of grassland overgrazing is conducted by using the data of 320 herdsmen in three banners,which are Alxa Left Banner,Siziwang Banner and Old Barag Banner of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.An empirical study on herdsman-level heterogeneity of grassland overgrazing in the institution of grassland household contract management is performed.The results show that:Small and medium-sized holders are the main body of grassland overgrazing,the smaller the pasture management area is,the lower the carrying capacity unit of rangeland area is.Small and medium-sized holders are also the main body of pasture renting in.The smaller the pasture contracting area is,the higher the probability of pasture renting in is.Big-sized holders are the main body of grassland grazing by hiring shepherds.The bigger the pasture management area is,the higher the probability of grassland grazing by hiring shepherd is.In the situation of grassland household contract management,grassland area is the important factor affecting whether herdsmen are overgrazing and the degree of overgrazing.To promote sustainable development of grassland,realize grassland livestock balance,policies and measures should be taken targeting the main body of grassland overgrazing and focusing on the herdsmen or areas with poor grassland resources endowment.In the area with medium grassland resources endowment,small and medium-sized holders should be encouraged and supported to transfer pasture,expand their scales of pasture management and realize moderate scale management.In the area with poor grassland resources endowment,policies and measures should reflect on the necessity of fence,explore new grassland management model,such as community participatory management.Keywords：overgrazing;grassland-livestock balance;human-grassland-livestock balance;herdsman-level heterogeneity;Inner Mongolia2|10|14<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Based on the survey data on 280 scale farmers in Hubei province,the influencing factors of pig farmers' environmental risk perception are explored to promote the environmental risk prevention and realize the sustainable development of the pig industry.The results show that:1)The overall level of farmers' environmental risk perception is low,among which the environmental fact perception is relatively the highest while the cause perception is the lowest;2)The individual and operating characteristics,cultivation training number,the proportion of cultivating income,the size of scale,environmental attitude and sense of responsibilityof farmers areimportant inner factors;3) The operating cost of waste disposal facilities and the supervision of the government on the pig pollution are external influencing factors.Therefore,the government should intensify the cultivation training,encourage the farmers to strengthen their professional level,expand the farming scale moderately,broaden the publication of the environmental regulatory policy and the compensation of the waste disposal facilitiesand encourage surrounding farmer's supervision on farm pollution.Keywords：scale pig farmers;risk perception of environment;influencing factors;empirical study3|9|2<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：In order to understand the spatial and temporal variation characteristics and drive mechanism of LUCC (Land-use and land-cover change) in arid regions at northwest of China,land-use and statistic yearbook data in 2004,2008 and 2013 are analyzed by taking Urumqi as a study case.Four aspects including land-use structure,land-use amplitude change,speed change and change degree are analyzed for the LUCC situation and rule during three different periods.Principal component analysis method is used to investigate the driving force of land-use from perspective of natural,socioeconomic,and policy factors.The results show that:The land-use of Urumqi city in these three periods is dominated by grassland,cultivated land and woodland.However,garden land,forest land and water area have decreased most and cultivated land,unused land,towns and industrial and mining land have increased most;from 2004-2013,the land-use comprehensive index of Urumqi city increased first and decreased then,and land-use is changed from development period to adjustment period;The driving forces of land-use include natural factors,policy factors,and socioeconomic factors.The main socioeconomic driving factors are economic development and population growth and industrial structure adjustment.Keywords：LUCC analysis;research on driving force;the principal component analysis method;Urumqi City3|10|12<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Translog Production Function model and the panel data of six provinces in middle China during 2000-2014 were adopted to systematically analyze the impact of government's support and marketization on agricultural technic innovation efficiency.Agricultural technic innovation efficiency was categorized into scientific research output efficiency (SE) and achievement transform efficiency (AE) to investigate the agricultural technical innovation efficiency in these provinces as well as its correlation with government and market.The results showed that the financial supports by local government had positive effect on both SE and AE.However,the financial supports by central government displayed certain negative effect on TE.Marketization also showed general negative effects on both SE and AE.In conclusion,on the process of improving agricultural technical innovation efficiency,we should choose the strategy of "Government takes the major role while market takes the minor role" in China.Keywords：government support;agricultural marketization degree;scientific research output efficiency;achievement transform efficiency1|7|3<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：In order to understand the villagers' satisfaction on the healthy village governance in China,a Satisfaction Evaluation Model (SEM) was built based upon the indexes of domestic and foreign cities and villages and the Customer Satisfaction Index (CSI) model.By collecting questionnaire data through on-the-spot investigation and using the weighted arithmetic evaluation method,it was found that the villagers' satisfaction index of 3.161,which is equivalent to percentile of 63.22%,was at moderate level.In order to get insights into factors affecting satisfaction level,the reasons that why villagers were not satisfied with the healthy village governance were analyzed by four-graphs diagnoses combined with feedbacks from interviews and some practical solutions were put forward.Keywords：governance planning;healthy village;satisfaction evaluation1|7|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
