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- Abstract：Common wheat (Triticum aestivum) cultivar Liaochun10 is resistant to leaf rust(Puccinia triticina)race PHT.In order to identify the genetic basis of resistance,resistance test and genetic analysis are conducted on adult plants of F2:3 populations derived from the cross between susceptible parent 87-1 and resistant cultivar Liaochun10.The results show that Liaochun10 carries a single dominant resistance gene,which is effective at adult stage,temporally designated LrLC10. Using bulked segregant analysis and comparative genomics analysis,genetic map of LrLC10 was established with eight markers.Among these markers, CAUT253 were distal to LrLC10 with a genetic distance of 0.1 cM; CAUT163 and CAUT131 were co-segregated segregated with resistant gene; CAUT239 were proximal to LrLC10,the genetic distance is 0.5 cM.Keywords：wheat leaf rust;Liaochun 10;SSR;EST;comparative genomics1|8|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：To clarify the effect of seedling emergence ratio on grain yield in maize,maize cultivars ‘Zhengdan 958’,‘Jingke 968’ and ‘Jindan 73’ were selected as experimental materials.After seedling setting,plants were shinned to densities of 80%,85%,90%,95% and 100% of the full density for each cultivar,which mimicked the corresponding seedling emergence.The growth and population yield of individual plant were investigated.The results showed that:The plant and ear height of three cultivars were not affected by thinning,while the weight and length of the ear increased,and the length of bare tip decreased when the seedling emergence ratio decreased;The yield reached the highest at 100% density for all three cultivars,and decreased with the decreasing of seedling emergence ratio.For cultivars Zhengdan 958 and Jingke 968,the yield decreased slightly when seedling density decreased from 100% to 85%,and the yield decreased significantly when the seedling density decreased further.Meanwhile,the yield of cultivar Jindan 73 slightly decreased when the seedling density decreased from 100% to 90%,and then decreased significantly when the seedling density decreased further.This research suggested that the seedling emergence ratio should be higher than 95% for cultivars Zhengdan 958 and Jingke 968,and higher than 90% for cultivar Jindan 73 to guarantee high crop yield.Keywords：maize;seedling emergence ratio;growth;yield1|8|4<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：In order to improve the estimation accuracy of cotton chlorophyll content based on hyperspectral vegetation index,the spectral reflectance of cotton leaves in blooming stage in Guanzhong region was applied to analyze the relationship between 12 extracted vegetation index and chlorophyll content of cotton leaves.By using fine sampling method,a systematic analysis was undertaken on the quantitative relationship between chlorophyll content of cotton leaves and major hyper spectral index RSI (Ration spectral index),which was composed of any two wavebands with original reflectance within the full spectral range of 400-2 000 nm.The results showed that:1) The correlation coefficient between SPAD value and NIR/NIR was 0.914,which is highest among the twelve extracted vegetation index.And the regression equation model based on NIR/NIR was better than model based other extracted vegetation index.The conic regression model was the best of all SPAD estimation models.The determination coefficients of training model and test model were 0.900 and 0.785,respectively,RMSE was 4.762,and RE was 7.86%;2) The optimized ratio of spectral index RSI of the sensitive wavelengths were 500 and 563 nm,respectively.The correlation coefficient between RSI (500,563) and SPAD value was 0.999,and SPAD value of cotton leaves under the 0.01 level was significantly correlated.The conic regression model was the best of all SPAD estimation models.Its determination coefficients of training model and test model were 0.912 and 1 respectively,RMSE was 2.848,and RE was 4.38%.In conclusion,the extracted twelve vegetation index model based on quadratic equation had high degree of coincidence between the estimated and measured values.The analyses above further proved that the optimized spectral index RSI based on the wave bands combination could better predict the chlorophyll content of cotton leaves.Keywords：cotton;chlorophyll content;spectral index;optimized algorithm1|9|10<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Xinjiang early bearing walnut is one of the scarce walnut resources in China.‘WEN 185’ and ‘XINXIN 2’,which come from seedling selection,have many good characteristics.However,"Wen 185" always has a lower production than that of ‘XINXIN 2’.Plant materials of this research were walnut varieties ‘WEN 185’ and ‘XINXIN 2’ grown in Yecheng County,Xinjiang Province.By observations of bud developmental characteristics,differentiation of flower bud and expression of different flowering gene,it is found that female flower bud and mixed bud of bearing basal shoot and annual branch on ‘XINXIN 2’ were bigger than those on ‘WEN 185’.The shoot apical meristem of mixed bud of ‘Xinxin 2’ was remarkably bigger than that of ‘Wen 185’.Moreover,differentiation of flower bud in ‘XINXIN 2’ was better than in ‘Wen 185’.These results illustrated that flowering and fruit set of ‘XINXIN 2’ were through female bud and mixed bud.Analysis of expressions of different flowering genes indicated that JrFT and JrLFY might be related to flower bud differentiation,while JrFLC might be involved in flower bud differentiation of walnut.Keywords：walnut;bud;flower bud differentiation;anatomical structure;flowering related genes1|8|3<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：In order to elevate the tomato yield,nitrogen losses by ammonia volatilization and N2O emissions under the different types of N fertilizers,a tomato plot experiment was carried out on three equal amount of nitrogen fertilizer treatments,i.e.,manure (M),Urea (U) and combined application of manure and chemical fertilizer (MU) and two control treatments,CK (plant with no fertilizer) and CKN (no plant and no fertilizer).The results indicated that there was no significant difference of yield among M,MU and U treatments.Compared with U,the NH3 volatilization of M treatment reduced by 62% and N2O emissions 53%.Compared with MU,the NH3 volatilization and N2O emissions of M treatment reduced by 57% and by 69%,respectively.The amount of residual N fertilizer in the soil was in the order of M (64.9%) > MU (36.7%) > U (23.7%) and there was significant difference among them (P<0.05).Considering of the nitrogen loss and crop yield,it was concluded that the organic fertilizer ensured high tomato yield and decreased nitrogen loss,which could be used as technical extension in tomato production.Due to the complexities of climate conditions,crop and fertilizer types,more comparative studies of environmental impact and crop yield of combined application of organic with chemical fertilizers need to be undertaken to further optimize the intensive vegetable production.Keywords：nitrogen;tomato;N;2;O emissions;NH;3;volatilization1|10|13<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：In order to build an emergy analysis framework of land reclamation farmland ecosystem from the project scale,a case study in Yixing City of Jiangsu Province land reclamation project was conducted in this study.According to the durable years of land reclamation project,ecological influences on farmland ecosystem were investigated from two points of view,whole process of project and the total project life cycle.The results showed that:From the whole process of project dimension,a large number of materials and electric power resource input during project construction period resulted in increase of input emergy and decrease of output.Affected by the land reclamation,the construction of project caused the decrease of self-sufficiency,emergy yield ratio and emergy sustainable index of farmland ecosystems,the increase of dependent degree on external economic investment and environment loading ratio;From the total project life cycle dimension,the emergy indexes during project construction displayed sharp and steep fall phenomenon.With the completion and benefit of the land reclamation project,the emergy indexes reached a plateau,and in the end of the whole cycle indicators are better than those before land reclamation.Emergy input of 2.23E+19sej and EM $ of 601 500 dollars were predicted to bring to the region during the total project life cycle.In conclusion,land reclamation within 10 years after the completion of the project has a positive influence on the project of farmland ecosystem,but may cause certain level of pressure on the ecological environment.Keywords：land reclamation;emergy analysis;farmland ecosystem;sustainable development0|8|8<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Multiple model comprehensive measure is adopted to quantitatively analysis the dymanic change amplitude,change speed and statues trend of land use types in Inner Mongolia over the recent 18 years.Ihe main findings are as follows:From 1997 to 2014,the main types of land use in Inner Mongolia are grassland,garden land,farmland,woodland,water area,construction land,and unused land,among which the grassland is drastically reduced,woodland,farmland and water area are gradually increased.Meanwhile,the garden land remains relatively stable.From the dynamic point of view,the Inner Mongolia autonomous region land use dynamic change has obvious stage characteristics,which basically the degree on the various types of land use changes during 2005-2014 is more heated then 1997-2005;From the perspective of trend status trend,the indexes of land use status of the entire study stage of Inner Mongolia is 0.35,and the change trend of performance showed a modest expansion.The future land use pattern will be changed further with the intensification of human activities and the interaction between natural factors in Inner Mongolia.This study aims to put forward the best model to use land resources reasonably and provide a scientific basis for regional sustainable development.Keywords：land use;multiple model comprehensive measure;dynamic change;Inner Mongolia0|8|3<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：The purpose of this study is to explore the optimal allocation method of agricultural water and soil resources in arid area and provide scientific references for the exploitation and utilization of regional water and soil resources.Firstly,by taking Kezuohou Banner as an example and using means of ARGGIS,the evaluation index system was established by the limiting factor method and the comprehensive evaluation method,and an evaluation on cultivated land and reserve resources of cultivated land was then conducted.Secondly,based on the evaluation results and combination of the overall land use planning and land renovation planning,rules of spatial layout were established and parameters of water-use of different utilization conditions were set.Spatial distribution of cultivated land and water-use planning of scenario planning under the constraints of water resources were constructed.According to current situation analysis and scenario planning,this study showed that:Under the constraints of water resources,the scenario planning can improve the productivity of grain production and agricultural water and soil resources production efficiency by adjusting the layout of cultivated land and optimizing the utilization of structure;The scenario planning method proposed in this study can be applied to the optimization of layout of the county's planting industry,and the land renovation planning.Keywords：water and soil resources;optimal allocation;scenarios planning;Kezuohou Banner0|10|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Based on the questionnaires survey to farm households,the economic efficiency of different scale cultivated lands and its influencing factors in the view of household in Fourth Tuan Township,Quzhou County,by using Stepwise regression analysis by Stata 12.0.The results show that:Large scale farm households had higher economic efficiency.It had significant positive correlations with the average area of plot and number of machinery and displayed significant negative relationship with primary labor age while had no correlation with the quantity of labor;When the cultivated plot was regularly shaped and the households joined the cooperative or formed big grain production household,would improve economic efficiency of the cultivated land.In conclusion,measures including workforce liberation,land reclamation,support of rural cooperatives,and promotion of the land circulation were put forwarded to improve the economic efficiency of cultivated land in different scales.Keywords：cultivated land economic efficiency;scales of cultivated land;impact factors;stepwise regression analysis0|7|2<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：In order to explore the technology and methods to improve the efficiency of isolation and culturing of spermatogonial stem cells,and to establish long-term stable animal spermatogonial stem cell culture system,the isolation,purification and culture in vitro of animal spermatogonial stem cells.Literatures were searched using keywords of "spermatogonial stem cell,isolation,culture,enrichment,in vitro" both in Chinese and in English,and the relevant literatures were collated.The results show that:Spermatogonial stem cells can be isolated by mechanical separation and enzymatic digestion;Purification of spermatogonial stem cells are differential plating,density gradient centrifugation,magnetic-activated cell sorting (MACS) and fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS);At present,large animals spermatogonial stem cells are commonly enriched by enzyme digestion,differential adherence method and Percoll gradient centrifugation;Culture in vitro of Spermatogonial stem cells should be simulated in vivo,which usually added serum,feeder cells and various growth factors in the basal medium;Conditions affect the results of spermatogonial stem cell culture.It was found that a perfect system has been established for mouse spermatogonial stem cells culture in vitro,while there is still a lack of fine spermatogonial stem cells culture system for human and the majority of the large animals.0|10|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Recombint pig surfactant protein A (RpSP-A),which belongings to collectin,was obtained using Bac-to-Bac baculovirus expression system to study its antiviral activity.Firstly,RpSP-A gene was amplified by PCR and cloned into pFastBac1 vector to express pFast-SP-A.pFast-SP-A was then transformed into DH10Bac competent cells,to produce recombinant Bacmid.The above Bacmid DNAs were transfected into Sf9 insect cells in next step.The protein RpSP-A was finally expressed in sf9 cells,purified using a Ni2+-Sepharose HisTrap HPTM affinity column and removed imidazole on a HiTrapTM desalting column.The antiviral properties of RpSP-A on PRRSV infection was also assessed in Marc-145 cells using plaque assay.The results showed that:Soluble SP-A was successfully obtained and it inhibited the infectivity of PRRSV in Marc-145 cells;30 μ g/mL of RpSP-A reduced plaques by 77% (P<0.000 1),whereas 15 μ g/mL RpSP-A reduced plaques by 43% (P<0.05);And no inhibition was observed of RpSP-A in the absence of Ca2+ as a negative control.It is concluded that large amount of soluble RpSP-A with anti-PRRSV action could be obtained by using the Bac-to-Bac baculovirus expression system,which provided a foundation for anti-PRRSV drug development.Keywords：pig;surfactant protein A;baculovirus expression;porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus;antiviral activity0|9|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：In order to reduce the use of organic regents,decrease the pollution of environment and increase the efficiency of detection,an analytical method for simultaneous determination of six fluoroquinolones (FQs,including ofloxacin,peflocacin,ciproflocacin,danofloxacin,enrofloxacin and sarafloxacin) residues in eggs based on high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection (HPLC/FLD) was established.Samples were extracted by water and added NaCl to salt out.The extracts were heated and frozen,degreased by n-hexane.Six FQs were separated by C18 column with 0.5% methanoic acid/acetonitrile as the mobile phase and detected with fluorescence detection.The fluorometric excitation wavelength was 280 nm,and emission wavelength was 450 nm.The tested ranges of quinolone calibrations were 0-1 000 μ g/kg for ofloxacin,0-50 μ g/kg for danofloxacin,0-250 μ g/kg for the other four FQs with the correlation coefficients greater than 0.99.The limits of detection (LODs) were ofloxacin 4 μ g/kg,danofloxacin 0.2 μ g/kg,and the other four FQs 1 μ g/kg. And the limits of quantification (LOQs) were ofloxacin 20 μ g/kg, danofloxacin 1 μ g/kg,and the other four FQs 5 μ g/kg.The average percentage recoveries were ranged from 80.52% to 101.10% for six FQs in eggs samples,coefficients of variability (CV) were ranged from 2.99%-10.40%.Keywords：fluoroquinolones;high performance liquid chromatography;egg;residue;environment-friendly0|10|2<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：In order to study the regulation of TGF-beta/Smad4 signaling pathways in regulating the growth of muscle in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus),the ORF(open reading frame) sequences of TGF-beta1,Smad4 gene were cloned.The results demonstrated that full-length ORF of TGF-beta1 was 1 134 bp and the full-length ORF of Smad4 was 1 644 bp.On one hand,Specific restriction sites were added to the both ends of ORF sequence and then the ORF sequences with enzyme sites were inserted into the eukaryotic expression vector pcDNA3.1(+) which was double digested by restriction enzyme.Two eukaryotic expression vector pcDNA3.1(+)-TGF-β1,pcDNA3.1(+)-Smad4 were constructed.On the other hand,according to TGF-β1、Smad4 gene sequence,three pairs siRNA sequences which were consisted of 48 bp have been designed.Then the completed shRNA was inserted into the carrier pRNA-U6.1/Neo.RNA interference expression vectors pRNA-U6.1/Neo-TGF beta1 and pRNA-U6.1/Neo-Smad4 were successfully constructed.Keywords：Ctenopharyngodon idellus;clone;eukaryotic expression vector;RNA interference1|8|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Aiming at the problem of the long cycle and its influence on machining accuracy of multi factor and multi-level test using the practical electromagnetic vibration directional device,a parameterized simulation model of directional device was established based on electromagnetic vibration for corn seeds and seed models by using ADAMS simulation software to make sure that the contact between corn seed and directional sliding slot was defined accurately.The prototype was verified by vibration analysis and other methods.The results showed that:The vibration effect of the model was consistent with the actual;The definition of the contact was accurate;And the linear correlation between the excitation force and the amplitude was in line with the deformation law of the actual spring sheet and the theory of electromagnetic vibration.In conclusion,the simulation and optimization experiments of the posture change and directional transmission of corn seeds could be carried out by the simulation model rather than the actual electromagnetic vibration device.Keywords：corn seeds;direction;simulation;electromagnetic vibration;contact parameters1|8|4<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：In order to rapidly and safely detect omethoate and chlorpyrifos pesticide residues,using improved PdCl2 colorimetry,prediction models of the two pesticides by principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares (PLS) were established respectively with absorbance spectra after corresponding coloring reaction.The results showed that:1) The effect of the color agent PdCl2 which was dissolved in acetic acid instead of the common concentrated hydrochloric acid was more ideal.For omethoate samples,the mass concentration of 0.05 mg/L was the minimum value that could be distinguished in the spectra and for chlorpyrifos samples and the minimum mass concentration was 0.50 mg/L.The results basically met the pesticide residue detection requirements of some fruits and vegetables according to China National Standard GB 2763-2014;2) Sensitive wavelength of omethoate and chlorpyrifos absorbance spectra were 510 and 499 nm respectively,which determined the optimal modeling waveband.The effect of prediction model by PLS was better than by PCA where the number of principal components was four after Savitzky-Golay (SG) smoothing for the two pesticides.By 2-fold cross validation,the optimal prediction model of omethoate was obtained in the region of 480-680 nm,the correlation coefficient of calibration set Rc=0.977 0,root mean squared error of calibration set RMSEC=5.801;the correlation coefficient of prediction set Rp=0.963 0,root mean squared error of prediction set RMSEP=7.904.The optimal prediction model of chlorpyrifos was obtained in the region of 460-850 nm,Rc=0.997 0,RMSEC=2.281;Rp=0.984 7,RMSEP=3.170.The results determined that this method was safe in operation and the colorimetric reaction time was 2 min at room temperature,which met the requirement of fast and safe detection and provided a new method for further development of practical pesticide residues detection instrument.2|8|3<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Aim at the problem of unreasonable profit distribution in Northeast rice industry chain,deep investigation of rice industry chain in Heilongjiang Province is conducted.The cost,income and profit distribution pattern are analyzed based on rice production,processing,sales of rice industry.The results showed that the percentage of the farmers,processed enterprises and supermarkets are 47.2%,4.9% and 47.9%,respectively;Shapley value is used to adjust profit allocation plan based on the contribution of each factor in supply chain and the income distribution ratio of three economic agents are 44.3%,18.4% and 37.3%,respectively.Further adjustment of the factors of the multilevel fuzzy evaluation method resulted that:Farmers get 49.4% profit of the completely dairy chain;Processing enterprises get 16.2%;And supermarkets get 24.4%.Finally,aiming at the aspects of the chain loose member relations,weak risk control ability and low chain value-added space,reasonable policy recommendations are put forwarded to build a reasonable income distribution mechanism,enhance insurance policy support policies,increase product innovation investment and strengthen the brand value-added.Keywords：rice;industry chain;profit distribution;Shapley value;multilevel fuzzy evaluation0|14|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Based on household survey data from the fixed observation points of rice industry comprehensive experiment stations during 2013-2015 in China,the cost efficiency of rice farmers was estimated using stochastic frontier cost function model and the effects of land scale,land fragmentation,and other factors,such as production features and household characteristics on cost efficiency were analyzed.The results indicated that the cost efficiency of Chinese rice farmers is 0.75 on average,and land scale and land fragmentation had negative impact on the cost efficiency.Due to a moderate degree of technical change in rice production, farmers' production costs reduced by 2.3%.Production features such as membership of grain cooperatives,rice insurance, subsidies, and household characteristics such as education,technical training displayed positive impact on cost efficiency.Cost efficiency varied among districts:Farmers in the East had higher cost efficiency than those in the West and the Central.In the end of this study,several suggestions were put forward under the background of agricultural supply-side structural reforms to save the cost of rice production and improve cost efficiency.Keywords：cost efficiency;cost function;stochastic frontier;land scale;rice1|6|2<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Encouraging farmers to quit the rural land contractual management right becomes a key method to realize the reasonable utilize of land resource.The fact that farmers' willingness to quit the rural land contractual management right is influenced by households' features and families' features as well as countries' features.Hierarchical Generalized Linear Model and 583 household survey data of Guanzhong,Shaanxi are used to analysis the impact of both countries' and households' features on farmers' willingness to quit the rural land contractual management right.The results show that:Farmers quitting willingness is affected by the features of village,and it is also affected by the family features as well as the convenience degree of communication.The smooth degree of land transfer affects famers' willingness negatively while the frequency of the nonagricultural skill training held by country government effects farmers' willingness positively.Village features should be taken into consideration during the progress of encouraging farmers to quit the rural land contractual management right since village features influence farmers' willingness significantly.Keywords：land management;quitting of the rural land contractual management right;influence factors;Hierarchical Generalized Linear Model1|8|3<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：In order to explore the growth potential of livestock productivity in Chinese pastoral area,The survey data of 220 ranch from the main pastoral area in China were standardized and the livestock production technical efficiency was measured and the effects of government training,cooperatives,land transfer,climatic zone distribution were analyzed and DEA,Tobit and CLAD models were constructed,respectively.The results showed:1) The technical efficiency and scale efficiency as a whole was relatively low and has a large room for improvement.Climatic zone and breeding mode showed a significant different on productivity levels;2) CLAD model was better than Tobit model by the results of Conditional Moments Test and Lagrange Multiplier (LM) Test;3) Participating the government training and cooperatives,optimizing the age structure,improving education level and degree of specialization and travel could improve the efficiency of livestock production.Keywords：livestock production;technical efficiency;censored least absolute deviations(CLAD);data envelopment analysis(DEA)0|7|6<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Transgenic biotechnology is one of the most important agricultural biotechnologies in 21st century.The proper utilization of transgenic biotechnology is the key to solve the food security problem all around the world.The public opinion of genetically modified (GM) food is the important reference to make related policy,and the popularization of GM food is an effective way to guide the public's understanding to genetically modified food.At present stage,public opinion for genetically modified food in our country is complicated.Although the work of science popularization has made certain progress in recent years,new science popularization mode is still needed,and the efficiency should be improved.This study mainly focuses on the current situation of public opinion on genetically modified food and the development of popularization work in our country.A new type of popularization mode on genetically modified food ICSSL mode was put forwarded,which aims at improving the efficiency of popularization work in China as well as promoting the degree of public recognition and therefore they could treat genetically modified food more rationally.Keywords：genetically modified food;analysis of public opinion;popularization mode;ICSSL1|8|1<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：By collecting interview data of villagers in Beijing suburban area,the model of ordered choice model and the method of Marginal Effects/Average Partial Effects are adopted to understand the influence of children's education on villagers' urbanization willingness.Factors on the villagers' whose children have or have not received education now willingness of urbanization are analyzed through stratification.The results indicate that the villagers' urbanization willingness is highly and positively correlated with his children's education status.The effects of heterogeneity differences of heterogeneity and demand orientation among different populations are of the opposite.APE values show that there are some significant differences in villagers' preference orderings for spatial layout,living environment and socioeconomic.In order to construct a relatively balanced town planning system,the different population structure and villagers' demand orientation should be considered.Keywords：urbanization;willingness stratification;children's education;MFX;APE1|9|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
