Issue Ebookcover storyIssue CoverIssue Contents
List of IssuesDocument Types
- Abstract：To analyze the function of maize ZmPGP1 gene promoter,the sequence of ZmPGP1 promoter was cloned by nest-PCR.The cloned promoter was fused with GUS gene and then introduced into maize by particle bombardment to investigate the expression feature of ZmPGP1 gene.The results showed that the length of cloned ZmPGP1 promoter was 1 090 bp containing light-,hormone-,stress induced-and development-related cis-elements.The results from histochemical GUS staining revealed that ZmPGP1 expressed in stem,leaf and root,and its expression level was high in internodes and sheath,which was consistent with the expression analysis of ZmPGP1 by Real-time PCR.These results provided references for further function and mechanism study of ZmPGP1 action.1|8|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：The aim of this study was to develop molecular detection methods for rapid identification of corn rust pathogens,Puccinia polysora and P. sorghi,early warning and effective prevention of diseases caused.The DNA regions of rDNA-ITS of isolates,which were collected from Hainan,Henan and Jilin Provinces,were cloned and analyzed (GenBank accession number:HM452902,HQ154021-HQ154038) by using fungal IT Suniversal primers.Specific primers for the detection of P. polysora Underw. and P. sorghi Schw.were designed and tested accordingly.The primers showed high detection specificity and sensitivity for P. polysora Underw. and P. sorghi Schw.,respectively.The lowest pathogen DNA content can be detected in common PCR system was 100 and 1 pg/μL,respectively.Rapid detection technology developed in this study will benefit early prediction and effective control of corn rust.Keywords：corn;southern corn rust;common corn rust;molecular detection1|8|3<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：To characterize the correlation between traits related to yield and drought resistance of spring wheat,spikelet per main spike,grain number per spike,sterile spikelet number,thousand grain weight,harvest index and grain yield per plot of 28 spring wheat from CIMMYT were investigated under rainfed and irrigated conditions.The heritability of major yield traits in spring wheat was analyzed,the drought resistance of spring wheat strains was evaluated,and the genetic correlation between the traits related to yield and drought resistance were analyzed by GGE biplot.The results showed that:The drought resistance of the spring wheat was related to many traits related to yield.Under irrigated and rainfed conditions,the heritability of spikelet per main spike,grain number per spike,thousand grain weight and grain yield per plot were higher(42.79%-78.87%).Under different water conditions,there were different degree of genetic correlation between main yield traits and drought resistance.Furthermore,based on the conjoint analysis of genetic correlation and heritability of trait,the selection efficiencies of the traits on the drought resistance,including under rainfed condition spikelet per main spike,grain number per spike,thousand grain weight and grain yield per plot were more higher than those of the rest.This result suggested that the selection of these traits should be emphasized in practice of drought resistant breeding in spring wheat.Keywords：spring wheat;yield trait;drought-resistance;genetic correlation;heritability;GGE biplot3|8|2<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：To study the mechanism of NIP5-1 gene(nodulin26-like intrinsic protein)involved in the growth and development of lily,the full-length cDNA of LotNIP5-1 gene was cloned via RACE technology.Bioinformatics analysis was performed by using multiple softwares,and the expression of LotNIP5-1 was detected via real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) and RT-PCR.The results showed that:1) LotNIP5-1 gene cDNA was 1 492 bp in length containing an open reading frame of 900 bp,which encoded 299 amino acid;2) LotNIP5-1 protein belonged to transmembrane channel protein MIP super family,which had six transmembrane regions,one specific NPS motif in B loop and one NPV motif in E loop of NIP5-1,and a specific Ar/R filter's AIGR motif of NIP5-1 protein.The amino acid sequence of LotNIP5-1 was 86%,83%,84%,83%,82% identical to that of Musa acuminata,Cucumis melo,Vitis vinifera,C. sativus,Solanum lycopersicum,respectively.3) qRT-PCR results showed that the expression level of NIP5-1 was the highest in stems,lower in petals,and the lowest in leaves,bulbs and roots;RT-PCR analysis showed that the expression level of NIP5-1 in "wet" stigma was significantly higher than that in the "dry" stigma,which was consistent with the results of transcriptional sequencing.It was suggested that the LotNIP5-1 might be a boron acid channel protein,which functioned in the shoot growth and reproductive process of lily.Keywords：Lilium;NIP5-1;gene clone;sequence analysis;expression analysis0|7|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：The subject of the study was to investigate the effects of different Cistanche tubulosa germplasms on medicinal component contents,dry weight per plant and agronomic characteristics.The results showed that:1) The highest echinacoside content was 50.86% and the lowest was 21.09%.The verbascoside content of those seven germplasms was between 2.08% to 3.28%. The germplasm Ⅱ had the highest echinacoside and verbascoside content which reached 54.14%,and the germplasm Ⅵ had the lowest echinacoside and verbascoside content which was 23.18%.2)The dry weights per plant of these seven germplasms were ranged between 179.1 to 443.0 g.The germplasm Ⅰ had the highest and the germplasm Ⅱ had the second highest dry weight.3) The germplasm Ⅱ had the highest rate of larger seed and its germination rate was 39.25% to 60.7%.The lowest number of lager seed and germination rate were 15.88% and 38.0% which appeared in germplasm Ⅲ.In conclusion,the germplasm Ⅱ showed the highest echinacoside and verbascoside content,dry weight per plant and germination rate among the seven germplasms.Keywords：Cistanche tubulosa;germplasm;echinacoside;verbascoside1|8|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：To provide the basis for seed-stems standard and standardization cultivation of traditional Chinese medicine Corydalis rhizoma,the relationship between the seed-stem grading and plant growth,yield and quality were investigated.The morphological indexes of the seedlings were measured and the method of principal component and correlation analysis were used to determine the grading index.K-average clustering analysis was applied to classified 32 samples of Corydalis yanhusuo into three grades.Field contrast experiments were conducted to measure the indicators of plant growth and development,photosynthesis,yield and quality of each grade seed-stems on the same planting and manage measure. The primary quality indicators of the seed-stems grading were determined by neatness and maximum diameter.The results showed that:For class Ⅰ seed-stems,its neatness was ≥98% and maximum diameter was ≥1.85 cm;For class Ⅱ seed-stems,its neatness was 95%-98% and maximum diameter was 1.50-1.85 cm;For class Ⅲ seed-stems,its neatness was 92%-95% and maximum diameter is 1.0-1.5 cm.The plant growth,photosynthesis and yield of the class Ⅰ and Ⅱ were significantly larger than those of the class Ⅲ.The tetrahydropalmatine content of the class Ⅲ (0.086%) was slightly higher than that of the class Ⅰ (0.081%) and Ⅱ (0.085%),and the active ingredient were all higher than Chinese pharmacopoeia standard (0.05%).The seed-stems grading had significantly effect on the plant growth,photosynthesis and yield of C. yanhusuo,but had no obvious effect on the intrinsic quality of medicinal material.Keywords：Corydalis yanhusuo;seed-stems grading;plant growth;photosynthesis;yield;tetrahydropalmatine2|8|5<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：In order to analyze the effect of N,P and K fertilizer on cassava in four provinces of South China and guide rational fertilization of Cassava.Forty four groups of cassava fertilizer test data in four provinces of South China from 2005 to 2015 were used to analyze the yield increased,increase rate,fertilizer contribution rate (FCR) and partial factor productivity (PFP) in the recommended fertilization condition.The mean value of increased yield,increase rate,FCR,PFP in nitrogen (N) fertilizer field experiments were 8.5 t/hm2,39.4%,24.4%,203.5 kg/kg respectively,and 97.7% of the experiments showed yield increasing.The corresponding index of phosphate (P2O5) fertilizer was 5.5 t/hm2,20.8%,13.6%,639.2 kg/kg,respectively,and 93.2% of the experiments showed yield increasing.The corresponding index in potassium (K2O) fertilizer was 5.5 t/hm2,21.9%,16.8%,209.1 kg/kg,respectively,and 95.5% of the experiments showed yield increasing.The yield-increasing effect (YIE) of N,P2O5,and K2O fertilizer was followed as YIEN > YIEK > YIEP,and the PFP was followed as PFPP > PFPK > PFPN.In the existing fertilizing recommendation technology level,the average recommended proportion was W(N):W(P2O)5:W(K2O)=2.9:1:3,and the maximum amount of recommended application was 257.4,90.0,271.4 kg/hm2,respectively.In view of the existing problems,the fertilization principle of "big formula and small adjustment" was proposed and Setting up a cassava recommended fertilization system to promote high yield and high efficiency fertilizer application in cassava production was put forwarded.Keywords：cassava;high yield;high efficiency;South China2|8|5<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：This study aimed to discuss the influence of soil environment on earthworm diversity in Hebei area.Samples of soil and earthworm were collected by digging.Fesh weight of each earthworm was measured after washing.Earthworms were killed by 75% ethanol,and then stored in 95% ethanol.The results showed that:Twelve earthworm species were reported belonging to three families and six generas.Drawida japonica (21 ind/m2),D.gisti (14.09 ind/m2) and Aporrectodea trapezoids (16.91 ind/m2) were dominant species;The density of earthworm species in Hebei area was 8-216 ind/m2,and the biomass of fresh samples was 1.6-530.12 g/m2;Biodiversity index except Simpson was higher in corn farm and cabbage garden than forest.Simpson index was highest (0.398) in forest;Species similarity between corn farm and cabbage garden was highest (0.8);Soil properties in all localities were pH value 7.52-8.96,organic matter 0.12%-3.42%,total nitrogen 0.01%-0.2%,available phosphorus 1.56-270.76 mg/kg and available potassium 60-825 mg/kg,respectively;Organic matter was highest (1.689%) in cabbage garden,total nitrogen was low in 3 habitats,available phosphorus was highest (22.149 mg/kg) in corn farm,and available potassium was highest (249.035 mg/kg) in corn farm.In conclusion,the pH value of soil,organic matter,and nitrogen content and crop type were key factors affecting the earthworm density and its biomass significantly.Keywords：earthworm;diversity;soil environment;relationship;Hebei Province1|11|3<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Under the background of global warming,research on the meteorology disasters of small and middle rivers in Qinghai Province can help us conduct disaster forecast and loss assessment.A case study of Longwu River Basin indicated that HBV model well simulated the process of flood response to rainfall after model calibration by using daily meteorological and hydrological data for the period of 2001-2011,while the NASH reached 0.69 and 0.83 in verification period and calibrated period.The model combined with stage-discharge relationship was then used to calculate the dynamic critical rainfall over the Longwu River sub-region,and the high correlativity of runoff and water levels was discovered.The critical rainfall decreases with the increase in former water level.The variation of critical rainfall with different former water level showed significant nonlinear response characteristics in order to reduce losses caused by flooding disasters.Keywords：Longwu River Basin;HBV model;critical rainfall3|10|1<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：The problem of water shortage is very serious in Jing-Jin-Ji area.Improvement of agricultural water use efficiency has great significance to realize the coordinated and sustainable development of Jing-Jin-Ji area.Super SBM-DEA model is used to measure the total factor agricultural water efficiency (TFAWE) of Jing-Jin-Ji area from 2000 to 2013.Panel Tobit model is then adopted to examine the effects of natural conditions,water conservancy facilities,agricultural production and social and economic conditions on TFAWE. The results show that although the TFAWE of Jing-Jin-Ji area is higher than the national level,there is still room to improve.Among the Jing-Jin-Ji area,Hebei province has the biggest potential of agricultural water-saving.The cooperative protection of agricultural water and the sharing of water-saving technology sharing in Beijing,Tianjin and Hebei should be strengthened in the future.The proportion of underground water in water structure and price index of agricultural means of production display a significant positive impact on TFAWE,while the reservoir capacity,the proportion of animal husbandry and fishery in gross agricultural output value,the average cultivated land area,per capita annual net income of rural households and rural labor force quality show a significant negative impact on TFAWE in Jing-Jin-Ji area.Keywords：Jing-Jin-Ji area;total factor agricultural water efficiency;influential factors0|8|21<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Castor straw was used to remove Pb,Hg,Cd,and Ni from aqueous solution as an adsorbent by bath adsorption experiments.The effect of solid-liquid ratio,pH and initial heavy metal concentrations on the removal of heavy metals was investigated.Isotherm adsorption and kinetic characteristics were also discussed.The results showed that the adsorption parameters of Pb well followed Langmuir model,Freundlich model and Temkin model.The adsorption parameters of Hg and Cd well followed the Langmuir model and Temkin model.And the adsorption parameters of Ni well followed the Langmuir model;The adsorption kinetics of heavy metal ions could be described by the pseudo-first order model,pseudo-second order model and Elovich model;The maximum adsorption onto castor straw capacities were 209.60 mg/g Pb2+,129.41 mg/g Hg2+,62.78 mg/g Cd2+,25.86 mg/g Ni2+,respectively.In conclusion,the castor straw was effective for the removal of heavy metals from multi-metallic mixture aqueous solutions.Keywords：castor;straw;adsorbent;heavy metals;adsorption efficiency;kinetics0|7|4<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：To study the effects of different N-hydroxymethyl methionine calcium (N-HMM-Ca) supplementation levels on serum's biochemical indexes of lactating dairy cows.Thirty lactating Holstein dairy cows,which have similar parity,milk yield and lactating stage,were randomly divided into 5 groups with 6 cows in each group.The control group was fed with basal diet,the test groups were fed with 0.15%,0.30%,0.75% and 1.50% levels of N-HMM-Ca of basal diet (on DM basis),respectively.The experiment lasted up to 56 d,including 14 d of adaptation period and 42 d of experimental period.The results showed that:1) Supplemented 0.75% dosage of N-HMM-Ca on the diet improved the serum ALT and AST concentrations;2) On the 14th day of experimental period,after supplemented 1.50% N-HMM-Ca the triglyceride (TG) concentration was significantly increased (P<0.01).Serum high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and β-hydroxy butyric acid (β-OHB) concentration were increased with N-HMM-Ca supplementation,nevertheless,serum non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) was decreased linear;3) Serum IgA concentration was significantly increased in 0.15% and 0.30% groups on 42th day (P<0.01);4) On 28th day,serum catalase (CAT) concentration was significant higher in 0.15% and 0.30% level than in other treatments (P<0.01).In conclusion,0.15% N-HMM-Ca supplementation in the diet was beneficial to improve the health of dairy cows.2|7|2<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：To study the antibacterial mechanism of crude protein extract,which is aquired from Chinese medicine,on bovine pathogenic Escherichia coli O1 and E. coli O78.The content of crude protein extract from maggot was determined by enhanced BCA Protein Assay Kit.The diameters of inhibition zone on bovine E. coli O1 and E. coli O78 were determined by Oxford cup method;The MIC of crude protein extract for two bacteria was determined by two dilution methods.The MBC was determined by plate method.To investigate the antibacterial effects of crude protein extract to against the two bacteria,turbidimetry was adopted to measure 24 h growth curve,cell membrane permeability and the content of AKP. The result showed that:1)The concentration of crude protein extract from Maggot was 0.680 mg/mL;The diameters of inhibition zone of E. coli O1 and E. coli O78 were (25.09±0.62)and (20.96±0.48) mm respectively;Their MICs were 15.625 and 31.250 mg/mL respectively;MBCs were 62.5 and 125 mg/mL;The traditional Chinese medicine decoction and the extracting buffer didn't display any antibacterial effects in vitro;2)The crude extract effected the growth curve of both E. coli O1 and E. coli O78,also increased the permeability of cell membrane and cell wall.In conclusion,the crude protein extract of maggot have antibacterial effects on both E. coli O1 and E. coli O78,and the antibacterial effects in vitro on E. coli O1 is better than E. coli O78.0|8|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：To study the immune activity of extracted from fermentation products of Grifola frondosa,fifty male Kunming mice were randomly divided into five groups with ten mice in each.Three groups were treated with intracellular polysaccharide at 100,200 and 400 mg/(kg·d) levels respectively,a positive control group treated with Astragalus polysaccharides at 400 mg/(kg·d) and a negative control group was given normal saline.The effects of polysaccharide on cellular immunity function in mice were observed after 30 days.The effects of CD4 and CD8 on the proliferation of T lymphocytes were detected by flow cytometry.The expression of IL-6,IL-8,CRP and TNF-α was detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (RT-PCR).G. frondosa intracellular polysaccharides enhanced the proliferation of spleen lymphocyte (P≤0.05).The proportion of T lymphocyte subsets,CD4/CD8 in different treatments,was increased with the dose of intracellular polysaccharide.The expressions of IL-6,IL-8 and TNF-α were up-regulated in intestinal tract (P≤0.05),and the expression of CRP was decreased(P≤0.05).In conclusion,the intracellular polysaccharides from the mycelium of G. frondosa could enhance the immune organs in mice and increase the secretion of the immune cells and the expression of related factors.Keywords：Grifola frondosa;polysaccharide;immune intracellular regulation;cell subpopulation;RT-PCR0|7|6<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：To investigate the major research objective and priority of the clinical efficacy evaluation of veterinary herbal medicines,a number of science and technology issues are summarized and analyzed to strengthen the clinical basic research,follow general guidelines,highlight the characteristics of herbal veterinary medicines,establish multi-dimensional comprehensive evaluation system,and promote preponderant illness studies,and coordinate top-level design with clinical operation process were analyzed systematically.Due to the unique characteristics of herbal remedies,the clinical efficacy evaluation of veterinary herbal medicines has its own characteristics and developing route.Based on the clinical superiority of traditional Chinese veterinarian medicine,the key research priorities are to improve the capability of resolving clinical problems and respond the effectiveness of veterinary herbal medicines in a scientific objective and reliable way.Keywords：herbal veterinary medicines;clinical efficacy evaluation;preponderant illness;therapeutic effect index0|7|4<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：The safety of the sea food largely depends in the level of heavy metals accumulated in the body;which is determined by the content of heavy metals in the aquaculture environment.Cadmium,a highly toxic heavy metal,is a common water pollutant.It is a worldwide risk affecting food and feed safety due to its long biological half-life resulting in accumulation and amplification in the body.Bivalve molluscs are filter-feeding sedentary species,especially prone to the accumulation and concentration of contaminants suggesting the existences of complex stress expression pathways and molecular regulation networks play very important roles in the heavy metal detoxify mechanism.In recent years,the research on functional genes including antioxidant enzyme,metallothionein,heat shock protein,etc.under cadmium stress is gradually increased.There are still lacks of more systematic and intensive research,new technology and new methods.However,with the development of society and human science,more and more attention is paid on food safety and environment protection and related research also will be deepened,these will eventually enrich our acknowledgement on mechanism of gene expression patterns and regulatory network under cadmium stress condition and provide novel insights into the molecular mechanism of biological monitoring of water pollution.Keywords：cadmium;molluscs;functional genes;molecular biomarkers;research advance0|7|1<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：To solve the problems of strong subjectivity,singleness of evaluation criteria and nonintuitive results,which appeared in evaluation methods of the processing tomato quality,the DTOPSIS method based on entropy weight was employed in the evaluation system to process tomato quality on multiple traits.According to field experiment data at the north slope of Tianshan Mountain in Xinjiang,a number of typical characters of processing tomato quality were evaluated.The results showed that:1) In this study,the use of entropy weight index voided the subjectivity and reliance on traditional experience;2) The adoption of DTOPSIS method to comprehensively evaluate multiple traits of the processing tomato quality avoided the single evaluation criteria;3) According to the needs of product requirements,positive,fixed and negative index were set to sort the fitness of different varieties effectively.And intuitive evaluation result was obtained.The evaluation method built in this study is feasible and practical for the evaluation of the materials for customized tomato product.Keywords：processing tomato;quality traits;entropy method;DTOPSIS law;evaluation1|7|5<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：The physical properties of eggshells have great significance to the design of equipment used for egg production,processing,and transportation.The major difficulty during testing the physical properties of eggshells is how to determine the elastic modulus and Poisson's ratio.In order to test the mechanical properties of eggshell,axial compressing tests were performed for goose eggshells,in which meridional and circumferential strain versus axial load were obtained.Formula of the elastic modulus and Poisson's ratio of eggshells were developed using momentless theory.Using this approach,the elastic modulus and Poisson's ratio of eggshells were proposed based on experimental data.The average value for the modulus of the goose eggshell was 47.33 GPa.The variance between the modulus of goose eggshell was 5.68 GPa.The average value for Poisson's ratio of goose eggshell was 0.441.The variance between the Poisson's ratios of goose eggshell was 0.064.This study provides a method for testing the mechanical properties of eggshell,which is more in line with the characteristics of eggshell structure,providing references for the design of equipment used for egg production,processing,and transportation.Keywords：goose;eggshell;elastic modulus;Poisson's ratio;experimental research;momentless theory0|7|1<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Researches on the domestic mechanization of plastic film collection were systematically summarized in this study.The structure characteristics and working principle of two typical machines (plastic film mulching planter and collecting machine) were analyzed and compared in detail,and the existing problems in the current applied technology of plastic film mechanization were summarized and dissected.The major problems in plastic film mulching mechanical technology are high cavity rate and low emergency rate caused by the dislocation between seedling and plastic film and the uneven of soil covering and unreliable dibbling mechanism.Generally,two problems should be emphasized in mechanically collecting plastic film:Firstly,the film is too thin and the poor strength of current used plastic film increased operation difficulty in using machine.Secondly,the single suitability of existing machine and low reliability of key working component causes difficulty in transporting of strip residual plastic film collected by machine and incomplete follow-up treatment reduced farmers' enthusiasm.Corresponding solutions were proposed to solve these problems:1) To improve the working effect and reliability of machine,design of plastic film mulching planter and collecting machine should reference to agronomic requirements;2) Improve the quality of agricultural plastic film and accelerate the development of biodegradable film.In conclusion,research on and development of the plastic film mulching machine and collecting machine of better quality and higher reliability are important guarantees to broaden the application field of plastic film mulching technology and improve the level of mechanization.Keywords：plastic film;mechanization technology;membrane planter;residual plastic film collecting3|8|14<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：For many years the grain storage of farm household continuously decreased,and the "resonance effect" often occurs in the storage behavior of farmers.To solve these problems,the evolutionary game theory methods is adopted to study the grain storage of farm household.The results show that:The grain storage of farmers groups has three evolutionary stable strategies.When the grain prices expected in the future and the costs of grain production and storage satisfy a certain relation,farm household's behavior often exhibit homoplasy and the resonance effect.The government also can influence the farm household's grain storage strategy by affecting the grain prices expected in the future and change the farmer grain production and storage cost.It will help the government keep the storage behavior of farm household adjustable.Keywords：farm household;grain storage;evolutionary game;evolutionary stable strategy1|7|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：To further explore the influence of fiscal expenditure for agriculture on food output,based on the threshold-effect model,the panel data of China's 31 provinces from 2000 to 2013 was employed to analyze the regional differences in food output effect by China's agriculture fiscal expenditure.The results showed that:1) The effect of fiscal expenditure on food output was severely restricted by the level of marketization and displayed significant nonlinear.Two threshold values of dual threshold effect were 4.465 and 8.540 respectively.2) By the end of 2013,ten provinces entered the ranks of high marketization,and 19 provinces entered the ranks of medium marketization.However,Tibet and Qinghai still didn't cross the threshold of the low market.3) There were significant regional differences in food output effects of fiscal expenditure.In provinces of high marketization,the influence coefficient of fiscal expenditure for agriculture on food output was 0.393;In provinces of medium marketization,fiscal expenditure on agriculture could promote food output and the influence coefficient was 0.031 but not significant;In provinces of low marketization,the influence coefficient of fiscal expenditure for agriculture on food output was -0.087 and the effect was negative significantly.In conclusion,the process of market should be speeded up and institutional innovation should be carried out to achieve policy objectives to promote food security for financial support for agriculture more effectively,especially in provinces of low marketization.Keywords：fiscal expenditure for agriculture;food output;marketization;threshold model0|10|2<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：The optimal response of core and downstream enterprises to sharing food traceability information with different assumptions is analyzed using dynamic game theory.The aim of this study is to investigate when and why the core and downstream enterprises are willing to share information in food traceability system dominated by core enterprises.The results show that:1) The willingness of core enterprises to share information is related to the awareness on food safety and willingness to pay for safe food of consumers;2) The willingness of small and middle enterprises to share food traceability information is affected by core enterprises;3) The higher level of food safety and lower cost of enterprises to share information,the more information shared by core and upstream enterprises will be and more profit will be created;4) A centralized food supply chain is better than that dominated by core enterprises.In conclusion,it is important to decrease the cost of information sharing and improve the ability of food quality control to encourage enterprises to share food traceability information.Keywords：food;traceability information;willingness;information sharing;dynamic game0|7|1<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：This study empirically analyzes the influential factors of whether farmers dispose died pigs harmlessly and which mode they want to choose in response to the national policy of recycling dead pigs based on survey data of 428 pig farmers in Beijing from April 2013 to August 2014 by using Heckman probit model to deal with samples selection bias.The results show that:Most farmers dispose dead pigs harmlessly,but choose the simple mode;Farmers acquiring dead pigs harmless treatment subsidies,having high degree of culture,and long years engaging in pig breeding can significantly positively influent farmers choice on dead pigs harmless treatment;Farmers acquiring dead pigs harmless treatment subsidies,having big breeding scale,living far from population centers,participating in cooperative can significantly positively influent farmers choice on dead pigs recycling treatment method.Therefore,in order to regulate farmers' dead pigs harmless treatment behavior and improve their recycling treatment ability,government should improve the dead pigs harmless treatment subsidy,promote the moderate scale cultivation,support cooperative ecological service function,attract new professional farm households to join and strengthen environmental regulation.Keywords：dead pig;harmless treatment;recycling treatment;method selection;Heckman probit model0|7|4<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Using the survey data of 754 pig breeders in China,choice experiment method was employed to investigate the willingness of different pig farm scale farmers to accept livestock pollution control policy.Establishment of livestock pollution control policies considered many features including technology regulation,pollution fee,biogas subsidy,manure market and technical training.The results showed that there is considerable heterogeneity in farmers' willingness of three different farm scales to accept livestock pollution control policy.Household-scale farmers showed the highest willingness for biogas subsidy,followed by high technical training and medium technical training,and their willingness for technical regulation was the lowest.Medium-scale farmers showed the highest willingness for biogas subsidy,followed by manure market and high technical training,and their willingness for pollution feewas the lowest.Large-scale farmers showed the highest willingness for manure market,followed by biogas subsidy and technical regulation,and their willingness for medium technical training was the lowest.In conclusion,the impacts of livestock pollution control policy on farmers with different farm scales were different.The increment of manure handling rate was lowest in household-scale farmers under various policies,while it was highest in medium-scale farmers.Keywords：livestock pollution;control policy;choice experiment;willingness;random parameter;Logit model2|7|3<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：The deepening of rural reform and the strengthening of agriculture policy has brought tremendous changes to the production and life of farmers.In order to explore changes and reasons that happened in peasant housing since the reform and opening up,comparative studies of the houses that farmers once lived and living before and after 2000 on housing area,type,purposes,sources of funding and so on were conducted according to home survey data from 28 villages in 14 provinces across the country.The result show that:Peasant housing in the two periods has the main purpose and labor invariant features in common and there are also significant improvements in housing area,building quality,purpose and sources of funds.Improving is the fundamental of the change of peasant housing;Causes of these improvements are the homestead system reform,farmers' raising income,and labor transfer and agriculture policy.Summing up the experience of peasant housing development since the reform and opening up,in the future,the main focus needs to be gathered in the increasing of farmers' income,the improvement of rural living environment and the strengthening of housing related policy.Keywords：peasant housing;housing promotion;housing consumption;housing construction1|7|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
