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- Abstract：In order to investigate the effect of N rate on the responses of cotton growth as well as yield and fiber quality to DPC+,field experiments were conducted in 2013 and 2014 in Shehezi,Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,using a split-plot design with the N rate as main plot and the DPC+ dose as the subplot.Cotton variety Xinluzao 53 was used as material in this study,and manual topping was as control for DPC+ application.The results indicated that the N rate didn't affect plant height (PH) and the number of sympodias (SN),but significantly affected cotton yield.Middle N rate (300 kg/hm2) produced the greatest yield,which was 23.5% and 6.6% greater than that of low N rate (150 kg/hm2) and high N rate (450 kg/hm2),respectively.With the increase of DPC+ dose,the PH and SN decreased.Compared to control,the PH of DPC+ application was 4.8-11.6 cm higher,and the SN was 3.8-4.6 more.The mean yield at middle dose of DPC+ (750 mL/hm2) was similar to that of control,and slightly lower than that of control at high dose of DPC+ (1 050 mL/hm2),but reduced by 6%-9% at low dose of DPC+ (450 mL/hm2).The yield of middle dose of DPC+ under middle N rate showed the highest yield among all treatments (including control),which resulted from appropriate dry mass accumulation and greater distribution ratio to reproductive part.The low- and high- dose of DPC+ produced the greater yield than other treatments including conttrol at low- and high N rate,respectively.The N rate and DPC+ dose didn't affect fiber quality.Taken together,we suggest that the N rate applied should be carefully considered while choosing application of optimum DPC+ dose to replace the manual topping in cotton production.0|7|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：In order to study the variation characteristics of soybean water requirement and provide a theoretical basis for designing reasonable irrigation measures of soybean production in Northeast Farming Region under the background of climate changes,this study was based on observed daily meteorological data of 58 meteorological stations in Northeast Farming Region from 1961 to 2010,using the Simulation of Evapotranspiration of Applied Water (SIMETAW) to analyze the spatio-temporal characteristics of the effective precipitation,water requirement (ETc) and water deficit (WD) in different growth periods of soybean.The results showed that the effective precipitation increased slightly before soybean blossoming,while it displayed a decreasing trend after soybean blossoming in nearly 50 years in Northeast Farming Region.Effective precipitation showed a decline trend in the whole growth period of soybean,the climatic became warm and dry.The effective precipitation of the whole growing period and different growth stages of soybean in Changbai area was higher than that in other sub-regions.In the whole growth periods of soybean,the average ETc of soybean was 398.29 mm,which showed a downtrend,its distribution was gradually increased from east to west and from north to south;In the growth stage of sowing-to-emerging of soybean,the ETc of soybean remained stable over the years with an average ETc of 27.36 mm,and its distribution was more in north and middle region while less in south;In the growth stage of emerging-to-flowering of soybean,the average ETc of soybean was 130.90 mm,which had a decline trend,and its distribution was more in south and less in north;At the growth stage of flowering-to-maturing period of soybean,the average ETc of soybean was 240.03 mm,which showed the decreasing trend,and its was higher in the middle region and lower both in the north and south.The WD of soybean was positive value in the whole growth period and different growth stages of soybean in Northeast Farming Region over nearly the past 50 years,the WD of soybean in Songliao area was more than that in other sub-regions,effective precipitation cannot meet the demand of water requirement of soybean without irrigation.Therefore,timely irrigation is important to ensure the high and stable soybean yield if conditions permit.Keywords：climate changes;Northeast Farming Region;soybean;effective precipitation;water requirement;water deficit5|10|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：The objective of this study is to research the phenotypic traits,genetic diversity and variable characteristic of leaves in the F1 progeny of persimmon.Fourteen quantitative traits and five qualitative traits of 57 individuals from the F1 progeny of persimmon leaves(Diospyros kaki Thunb.‘Fuyu’(♀)×Diospyros kaki Thunb.‘Akagaki’(♂)) were investigated by descriptive discrete characteristics,correlation,cluster analysis and diversity test.The results showed that,in the F1 progeny,the coefficients of variation of the quantitative traits were between 6.87% to 42.78%,the richest was Leaves Dry Weight and the poorest was Leaves Water Content.The 14 quantitative traits were evenly distributed in between two parents with fine continuity.The Shannon-Weinner' index of five qualitative traits were 0.912 to 2.224 and the mean was 1.466,the richest and the poorest were Leaves Blade Shape and Leaves Flat Status,respectively.The ratios of heterosis value of mid-parents(RHm) for the 14 quantitative traits were -38.16% to 3.00% of which eleven of them were negative,and no best-parent heterosis(Hb exited) in F1 progeny.Forty-four and thirteen pair's traits of 171 pairs from 19 showed extremely significant(at 0.01 level) and significant(at 0.05 level) correlation,respectively.Fifty-seven individuals from the F1 progeny were divided into first two groups at 12.5 of genetic distance based on hierarchical clustering,while the first groups were then divided into two sub-groups at 6.5.The clustering obtained reflected the characteristics of every group very well.The variation of the leaves phenotypic traits in the F1 progeny was very rich.Among them,14 quantitative traits showed more extensive separation characteristics and five qualitative traits have rich diversity.This study provides some theorethical basis for authentication and selection of filial generation and genetic improvement.Keywords：persimmon;F;1;progeny;leaves phenotypic traits;heterosis;genetic diversity1|7|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：To identify wild Actinidia arguta resources in Beijing for domestication and cultivation,the criteria for evaluating comprehensively wild Actinidia fruit quality were established.Eleven samples of wild Actinidia arguta were collected in Huairou region to compare with kiwifruits from the market.The fruit weight,fruit shape index,content of soluble solids and titratable acid,solid to acid ratio,and contents of Vc,total phenolic,and flavonoids were measured.These parameters were standardized by subordinate function value analysis before conducted the principal component analysis.DPPH antioxidant activity of fruit was also measured and the relevance of DPPH antioxidant activity to contents of Vc,total phenolics,and flavonoids was explored.The results showed that eight quality parameters can be integrated into three principal component factors and the cumulative contribution rate of the first three principal components reached 84.71%,by which,the fruit quality of S9 and S6 were evaluated good.Related indices of DPPH free radical scavenging to contents of Vc,total phenolics,and flavonoids were 0.783 5,0.897 2,and 0.004,respectively,suggesting that DPPH free radical scavenging in wild Actinidia fruits had high correlation with the contents of Vc and total phenolics but not flavonoids.In conclusion,the fruit quality of Wild Actinidia arguta varied greatly.The important index for evaluating the wild Actinidia fruit quality are the contents of total phenolic and Vc solid-acid ratio,average fruit weight,and contents of soluble solids and titratable acids.Keywords：Actinidia arguta;fruit quality;principal component analysis;comprehensive assessment;DPPH antioxidant activity1|9|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：The main crop of five common fig cultivars with different peel colors were used to study the pigment changes during syconia development and their correlation with soluble sugar accumulation.The results showed that:The content of chlorophyll increased first,and then decreased;The content of carotenoid decreased first,and then increased;And the anthocyanin content increased consistently during fig development.Fig peel color was a result of a variety of pigments such as chlorophyll,carotenoid and anthocyanins.Different cultivars were different in pigment contents.Anthocyanin content was higher in red and purple cultivars than in yellow and greenish-yellow ones.Purple peel variety M121 had not only the highest contents of anthocyanin and carotenoid in all tested cultivars,but also ranked the second in chlorophyll content.Our results suggested the complexity of factors determining the color of fig peel,and implied the outstanding antioxidative activities of cultivar M121.The contents of glucose,fructose and sucrose increased continuously at stage III of fig development and most of soluble sugars were accumulated earlier than anthocyanin.The content of soluble sugars showed negative correlation with that of chlorophyll,and positive correlations with that of anthocyanin and carotenoid in all five cultivars.0|10|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：In order to investigate the possibility of establish unified system of beef quality evaluation and prediction in China based on the Meat Standards Australia (MSA) system.The effect of different cooking methods and the varieties of beef on edible quality were studied by using consumer sensory evaluation test through 2*6 factorial experiment design.The results showed that:1) Different cooking methods and varieties of beef have significant effects (P<0.001) on various of sensory eating quality indexes such as tenderness,juiciness,flavor,and overall satisfaction;The edible quality score of fry beef is better than chaffy dish beef.The score of tenderness,juiciness,flavor and overall satisfaction for fry beef are increased by 16%,12%,12% and 15% compared to that of chaffy dish beef,respectively.Meanwhile,the edible quality of specialization beef breeds such as wagyu,angus or veal is better than carcass-type or native cattle breeds such as Limousin,Simmental or Jinnan;2) The rank order of MQ4 score and beef quality classification display subtle difference but the overall trend is the same.In conclusion,on the basis of the principle of MSA system,establishing unified system of beef quality evaluation and prediction conforms that the current situation of beef cattle industry in China is feasible.Keywords：Meat Standards Australia;cooking methods;beef breed;edible quality;quality classification0|11|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between bacteria species-specific virulence facts (VFs) and drug resistance present in the uterus of postpartum dairy cows.Purulent or mucopurulent uterine exudates in the vagina occurring after the third week of lactation from 65 postpartum cows were collected by using uterine swabs.Rat's uterus test,PCR,and susceptibility paper method were used to detect pathogenicity.The results showed that this rat's uterine perfused with mixed bacteria(1:1,1.0×109 cfu/mL) displayed uterine congestion,swelling,thickening of the uterine internal pyometra phenomenons after 72 hours.However,final detection of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus in diseased cows were 58.69% and 62.75,respectively.The dectection rate of ChuA and yjaA in pathogenic E.coli reached 48.15% and E.coli and S.aureus isolated contained virulence KpsMII and Tsst-1 respectively.In randomly selected ten sick cows and most isolated virulence genes isolates were tolerance to penicillin,doxycycline,polymyxin B,amoxicillin,tetracycline,and other antibiotics.In conclusion,continuing application of these antibiotics will result in increasing of E.coli and S.aureus resistance level.Keywords：cow;endometritis;Escherichia coli;Staphylococcus aureus;virulence genes;antibiotic resistance0|7|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：To establish immortalised endometrium epithelial cell line (EECs) of goat and study its biological characteristics,primary cultured goat EECs were transfected with human telomerase reverse transcrip tase (hTERT) and obtained were screened by G418.The growth cycle,apoptosis status,and ploidy of hTERT-EECs were detected by flow cytometry;The serum requirement of hTERT-EECs were studied by MTT method;The clone formation ability of hTERT-EECs in semi- solid culture medium was detected by soft agar clone formation test;Its tumorigenicity was observed in nude mice.The results showed:hTERT-EECs in the S phase (43.2%±2.3%) were significantly larger than the second generation EECs (38.7%±1.2%) (P<0.05).The apoptosis rate of hTERT-EECs (1.1%±0.2%) were significantly less than second generations EECs (3.6%±0.5%)(P<0.05);Ploidy analysis showed that hTERT-EECs were diploid;Serum requirement of hTERT-EECs was persistent;The ability of colony forming in soft agar was lost and it didn't cause tumor in nude mouse.In,conclusion,the hTERT-EECs establish in this study had stronger growth activity without tumorigenicity.Keywords：goat;hTERT;endometrium epithelial cells;telomerase;oncogenicity0|10|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：To study whether increase of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) induces weaning rat diarrhea by influencing the intestinal mucosal barrier and dectected the small intestinal villus height (VH),crypt depth (CD) of weaning diarrhea mouse.Twenty-one days old ICR weaning pups were randomly divided into six groups:the first group was control group;The second group was stress diarrhea group,which were received gavage by senna (0.4 kg/L) and the dosage was 15 mL/kg body weight,while their hind legs were tied during shock treatment;The third group was citalopram hydrobromide (CH) control group,which were treated with intraperitoneal injection of CH;And the fourth group was CH + stress-diarrhea group which were received stress treatment after 4hs drug treatment;The fifth was PCPA control group which were taken intraperitoneal injection with chloro-phenylalanine (PCPA);The sixth group was PCPA + stress- diarrhea group,which were treated after 4hs PCPA drug treatment.Mice were killed after 5 days successive treatment,and the duodenum,jejunum,ileum were taken out,preserved in 4% paraformaldehyde,paraffin section,HE staining,then measuring intestinal villus height and crypt depth.Stress diarrhea group,CH + stress diarrhea group,and stress diarrhea PCPA + stress group appeared pathological phenomena,such as hyperemia in the top of intestinal villus,shorter villus,bare of lamina propria compared with those in control group.Compared with control group,stress diarrhea mice reduced villus height by 14.80% (P<0.01) in duodenum,6.89% (P<0.01) in jejunum and 19.31% (P<0.01) in ileum,but crypt depth increased by 14.09% (P<0.01),4.85% (P<0.05) and 11.53% (P<0.01),resulting in V/C ratio decrease.CH treated group was the same as in stress diarrhea group.But PCPA treatment group had no significant change.Compared with the stress diarrhea in mice,CH + stress diarrhea group reduced villus height,especially in jejunum it was significantly reduced 11.18% (P<0.01),while crypt depth increased,especially in duodenum it was significantly increased 4.86% (P<0.05),so the V/C values decreased.PCPA + stress diarrhea group increased villus height by 4.83% (P<0.05),4.15% (P<0.01),10.60 (P<0.01),but crypt depth reduced by 27.46% (P<0.01),19.21% (P<0.01),and 16.74% (P<0.01),resulting in V/C ratio increase.Weaning diarrhea mice appeared intestine mucosal mechanical barrier injury and the 5-HT increase also caused weaned pups diarrhea phenomenon,and reduced villus height,but increased crypt depth.In conclusion,the 5-HT would induce diarrhea by undermine intestinal villus height and crypt depth of weaned pups.Keywords：diarrhea;5-hydroxytryptamine;citalopram hydrobromide (CH);parachlorophenylalanine (PCPA);villus height;crypt depth1|10|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Taking Putian City as the study area,using remote sensing images of 1995,2005 and 2015,DEM,and social-economic statistical data,the characteristics of temporal and spatial change of land use from two aspects of area change and space transition were analyzed by using Logistic regression model.Aims of this study were to explain the geographical and social-economic driving factors that caused land use change,predict the area of each land use type in the future based on Markov model,and simulate the spatial pattern of forestland in the future based on Markov and Logistic regression model.The result showed that forestland,which mainly transited to agricultural land,decreased sharply from 1995 to 2015;Agricultural land decreased quickly,which mainly transited to forestland,construction land,and bare land;Construction land increased significantly,which originated from bare land,agricultural land and water area;Water area decreased steadily;Bare land decreased first and then increased.Aspect,elevation,population density,gross domestic product,and distances to bare land,agricultural land and forestland,were important factors driving the spatial change of forestland.In conclusion,it is estimated that the proportion of forestland will be reduced to 40.37% in 2035 and the locations of forestland transition are mainly distributed in Xianyou County and Hanjiang Area from 2015 to 2035.Keywords：land use;driving forces;forestland;Markov model;Logistic regression model;Putian City0|9|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Low model transferability affects the accuracy of the predicted potential species distribution.Taking MaxEnt model as an example,we studied three methods to improve the temporal transferability by reducing the model dimension and complexity:Environment variables selection based on the Spearman's rho correlation coefficient r ,and selection based on the variance inflation factor VIF ,and adjustment of the parameter of "Regularization Multiplier" model.The Arkansas River fish distribution and environmental data at two periods were used for the verification of the methods to improve the "forecasting" and "backcasting" transferability of the model.The results showed that:The improvement of "Regularization Mutiplier" value enhanced the model's transferability significantly;However,the high "Regularization Mutiplier" value caused the smoother response curves of the relationship between the species distribution probability and environment variable and resulted in information loss.Combination of the parameter "Regularization Multiplier" and the variable selection based on VIF caused the greater (>0.8) value of rf and rb.We proposed to combine variable correlation analysis with model parameter adjustment to improve the transferability of the model.This research can provide reference for niche model accuracy validation and improvement of temporal transferability.Keywords：niche model;temporal transferability;MaxEnt;correlation;variance inflation factor1|9|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：This study aims to promote the filling reclamation of mining subsidence land with Yellow River sediment along the Yellow River.A regional suitability evaluation index system is built based on the analysis of the main influence factors by taking Jining city as study objective.Multi-factor comprehensive evaluation method,analytic hierarchy process,entropy weight method and cluster analysis method are used.The results show that all coal mines in Jining city can be divided into zones of applicable area,moderate application area and inapplicable area.The applicable area is located in north region of Jining.The main reasons are that north region is close to the Yellow River and sandpit high assurance rate of Yellow-River sediments,and plain is the main component of the terrain which has smaller relief.Furthermore,the north region is consisted with large coal-mining subsidence land and low per-person cultivated land area.Therefore,the filling reclamation to improve the quantity and quality of the local cultivated land is urgently needed to fulfill actual demand.In conclusion,the regional suitability evaluation index system can provide references for filling reclamation of mining subsidence land with Yellow River sediment of Jining.Keywords：filling reclamation of mining subsidence land with Yellow River sediment;evaluation index system;regional suitability;Jining city0|8|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
Study on the effect of natural convective hollow wall on thermal storage/release in solar greenhouse
Abstract：To explore the effect of natural convective hollow wall,a field test was carried out.The temperature of different depth wall and the heat flux of the interior surface were measured with the self-meter sensor in comparison with traditional solid wall.The results showed that:Temperature distribution in this new type of wall is different to the traditional solid wall structure.From the inner surface to the outer surface,the temperature did not show a trend of downward trend;Under sunny day daylight,the air temperature of hollow layer reaches 19.2℃.The temperature of wall surface in two sides of hollow layer is higher than that in the adjacent solid structural parts,and lower than the air temperature of hollow layer by 2.2 and 3.7℃,respectively,indicating that the deep part of the wall is in the heat storage state;In the early morning,when the temperature is low,the temperature of the hollow layer surfaces and air temperature are 1.3 and 0.8℃ higher respectively than the air temperature of hollow layer which can reach 11.7℃.It indicates that the interior of the wall is still in the heat release state in early morning;In the sunny day,the temperature fluctuations of the hollow layer surfaces and air temperature fluctuations can respectively reach 4.9,4.0 and 8.2℃,the results show that the heat storage/release in the internal surface of the wall is remarkable;The effect of heat release/release is also showed in the cloudy and snowy day.In conclusion,the study shows that the new type thermal storage/release system of natural convective hollow wall can significantly improve the thermal storage/release capacity of the wall and significantly increase the total heat transfer area of the wall.Keywords：solar greenhouse;wall;convection;heat storage;heat release0|8|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27- Abstract：Aiming at the problems of low local temperature of seedbed and high energy consumption of traditional heating system in winter and spring in solar greenhouse,a novel seedbed heating system based on capillary network was put forwarded.The experiment was carried out to test the seedbed heating system effect in the solar greenhouse during the winter of Hebei Province.Taking the seeding area without heating as the control,the effects of heating on air temperature and substrate temperature were analyzed and the heating energy-saving effect of insulation layer was investigated.The results showed that the average and the minimum of night substrate temperature in heating area were 3.2-3.4℃ and 0.8-1.4℃ higher than in the compared area without heating,respectively.The insulation layer raised the average of night substrate temperature by 0.6℃.Meanwhile,the minimum deviation degree of substrate temperature was 0-9.4%,and the average was 1.5%-2.5%.In conclusion,the seedbed heating system based on capillary network can significantly raise the seedbed local temperature and has good heating uniformity,which guarantees the consistent growth of seedling.Keywords：solar greenhouse;capillary network;seedbed heating;substrate temperature;air temperature1|7|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：In order to realize the operating regularly of four wheel independent drive vehicle and prevent excessive wheel slip under the field condition,a slip ratio controller,which can be used to calculate the real slip rate of each wheel through feedback data was constructed.The torque allocation value of each wheel can be gained by combing with sliding mode variable structure algorithm so that the slip ratio would be controlled to reach the target value.Experimental results indicate that:1) The wheel slip can be controlled effectively by the slip rate controller;2) The vehicle can reach to the steady state within 1 second by using the system,while it need 3-4 seconds to reach the steady state without using the controller;3) The controller can minimize the effects of road surface changes for the vehicle speed effectively;4) When the vehicle encounter obstacles,the wheel slip ratio can recover to the target value in 1-2 seconds which verifies the robustness and fast response of the controller.Keywords：slip rate;four wheel Independent drive (4WID);soft ground;sliding mode control;high clearance0|8|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Millet was difficult to be threshed and cleaned using current threshing device of grain combine harvester.Single factor field experiment,orthogonal experiment,and quadratic orthogonal regression experiment were designed and carried out to find out the effects of threshing components,rotation speed of the roller,diagrid spacing of gravure screen and threshing clearance on threshing effect.Significances of these factors were analyzed and regression models were built.The results showed that the sequences of factors influencing the threshing performance were diagrid spacing of gravure screen,roller speed,threshing clearance,and threshing components.Optimal parameters were that:The diagrid spacing of gravure screen was 7.9 mm,the roller speed was 928.3 r/min,the threshing clearance was 10.4 mm,and the threshing components were rasp bars.Keywords：millet;threshing;rasp bar;gravure screen;combined harvester4|8|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Based on the 11 provinces unbalance panel data from 1995 to 2013,the mean,variance and skewness of profit,cost and production are calculated to evaluate and analyze beef cattle breeding risks and related influence factors.The results show that the risks of beef cattle's profit and production are more than that of cost.The distributions of profit and cost are skewness to left,while the production's is right.And there is a huge gap in different years and provinces.The risks of profit and cost are trending downward,while the risk of profit is rising in recent years.In addition,there are some factors which influence the beef cattle's profit,cost,production and their risks,such as stocking density,epidemic disease,industry advantage,feed structure,capital equipment,feeding cycle,technological progress and regional difference.Some suggestions are put forward in this study:The farmers must maintain vigilance to the left skewness distribution at all time;The grazing capacity,production scale and feed structure should be adjusted to be reasonable;The capital and equipment,new production mode and technological progress of beef cattle industry must be strengthened.Keywords：beef cattle;risk;variance;skewness;influential factor0|10|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Based on the construction of the measurement system of apple carbon emissions,apple carbon emissions and intensity was investigated,and Malmquist-Luenberger index (ML index) was adopted to calculate the dynamic change of the apple total factor productivity under carbon emissions in 21 provinces between 1994 and 2013.The results show that:1),The apple carbon emissions amount in 2013 reached 1.532 0 million tons,a 40.22% increase over 1994,and showed an obvious 'up-down-up' phase-change characteristic;Apple carbon emissions density significantly increased from 1.81 kg/hm2 in 1994 to 3.00 kg/hm2 in 2013;From regional view,provinces in the top 7 of apple carbon emissions belonged to the main production of apple's provinces.However,the regional difference were obvious in the sampling period;Carbon emissions density in different provinces displayed an increasing trend,but the set of provinces in the top 3 of apple carbon emissions density remained unchanged in specified point-in-time,including Tianjin,Beijing and Xinjiang,in which the apple carbon density in Tianjin was highest in 2013.2),The apple total factor productivity under carbon emissions showed an obvious phase-change characteristic,and the average annual growth reached 2.98%.The growth of technical efficiency growth was 0.91%,and technical progress rate was 2.61%,indicating that the contribution of technical progress was relatively high.ML index and technical progress rate in Loess Plateau region were higher than Pohai coastal region,and the number of provinces on the best practitioners of apple total factor productivity in former region was more than the latter.Keywords：apple;carbon emissions;total factor productivity;Malmquist-Luenberger index(ML index);spatial-temporal characteristic0|8|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：In order to explore the formation process and influence factors of farmer cooperatives of different modes,Three farmer cooperation modes,"intermediate organization guiding cooperative mode","leading enterprises jointed cooperative mode" and "large-scale planting and breeding households driven cooperative mode" were summarized,and a Logistic regression model was then constructed to analyze the causes of these cooperative modes,and typical cases to analyzed the formation mechanisms of the three types of cooperative modes were applied.The results show that:The requirements for high techniques,technical update speed in process of producing,the frequency of purchasing means of production,farmers' ability of managing,existence of local related intermediary organizations have a great influence in the formation process of "intermediate organization guiding cooperative mode";Requirements on techniques in process of producing,technical update speed in process of producing,capital investment in the primary processing of agricultural products commercialization degree of agricultural products and existence of local large-scale leading enterprises have a great influence on the formation process of "leading enterprises jointed cooperative mode";Cost of specific assets,yearly frequency of buying means of production,yearly frequency of selling agricultural products,market price fluctuation of the agricultural products,breeding or planting scale of the farmers and farmers' ability of managing have a great influence on the formation process of "large-scale planting and breeding households driven cooperative mode".Based on the above research,we propose that:In the process of advancing the farmers cooperatives we should consider local conditions,such as using the local resource develop different farmer cooperatives mode,taking advantage of leading enterprises and middle organization's resource,cultivating rural elite to guide the cooperatives' development.Keywords：farmers cooperatives;mode;case study;influential factors0|8|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：A total of 2 314 questionnaires were used to investigate migrant worker's job satisfaction,study individual characteristics,social capital,and working conditions factors.The results showed:1) The main factors were working conditions,social capital variables of migrant workers,individual characteristics was not significant;2) The importance of family social capital was reduced.And the importance of "social and work" social capital was enhanced;3) In terms of working condition factors,the migrant workers paid great attention to the working conditions of labor intensity,welfare level and security while paid less attention to salary;4) There were differences in factors influencing job satisfaction between new and older generation of migrant workers The new generation migrant workers payed more attention to work type of social capital.Among the factors of working conditions,the new generation of migrant workers attached great importance to medical insurance,industrial injury insurance and wage,and the older generation of migrant workers paid attention to endowment insurance.Keywords：migrant workers;stepwise logistic regression;social capital;job satisfaction0|8|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：To explore the law of synergetic evolution of biomass electricity generation supply chain,and promote the development of biomass electricity generation industry,the synergetic characteristics of biomass electricity generation system are analyzed,and a synergetic model of the system is built as well,based on the supply pattern of "Farmer-Middleman-Power Plant".An empirical study is also conducted based on the investigation of biomass power plant in Shandong Province.The empirical study demonstrates that the price of farmer's straw is the order parameter of synergetic evolution of S biomass electricity generation supply chain system,and that conversion ratio of biomass material to electricity has a big impact on synergetic evolution of the supply chain system,and new policy promotes supply chain system into a more effective synergetic state at present.Keywords：biomass electricity;straw resource;supply chain collaboration;synergetics;synergetic evolution1|7|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
