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- Abstract：In this study, standard germination rate, salt-stress germination rate, drought-stress germination rate, and accelerated aging germination rate of 116 samples of spring wheat seeds collected from seed markets in China from 2013 to 2015 were measured, respectively.The morphological and physical characteristics (1 000-grain weight, width, length, projected area, thickness, specific gravity, hardness, gray scale, R (Red), G (Green) and B (Blue) of RGB color model, L (Lightness), a (color channel) and b (color channel) of Lab color model, H (Hue), S (Saturation) and B (Brightness) of HSB color model) were acquired with image recognition technology (Seed Identification software), instruments and manual measurements.Correlations between seed vigor and physical characteristics of different spring wheat samples were observed with principle component analysis and clustering analysis in standard germination and 3 kinds of stress conditions.The results indicated that seed vigor has significant correlations with physical size (1 000-grain weight, width, length, projected area) and color features (S and a).Seeds with smaller 1 000-grain weight, width, length, projected area and smaller S and a appeared to have higher vigor.The comprehensive research demonstrated that smaller seeds have stronger resistance ability.1 000-grain weight, width, length, projected area, S and a can be adopted as important traits to select high vigor seeds samples under stress conditions.Keywords：spring wheat;physical characteristics;seed vigor;principal component analysis;clustering analysis1|8|7<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Changes of protein accumulation and nitrogen metabolism related enzymes activities in the process of grain formation were studied by pollinating normal maize with high-oil corn's pollen.The results showed that the content of protein was higher in normal corn pollinated with high-oil corn's pollen than that of self-fertilized kernel;The xenia effect of high-oil corn did improve the nitrate reductase activity in the ear leaves and the glutamate dehydrogenase activity in normal corn kernel.There were different degrees of impact on the activities of glutamine synthase and glutamate synthase between the hybridization kernel and the self-fertilized kernel resulting in the difference of the competence of protein synthesizing between normal corn pollinated with high-oil corn's pollen and the corresponding self-fertilized normal corn.Keywords：high-oil maize;pollen;protein content;nitrogen metabolism related enzymes0|9|8<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Under the condition of drip irrigation, field experiments to investigate dry matter accumulation and distribution, leaf area index (LAI), photosynthetic potential (LAD) and yield distribution of five soybean cultivars, 13-96, 13-139, Heinong 61, Xindadou 27, and 11-109 were conducted.The results showed that:With the development of soybean plant, LAI and LAD were increased first and decreased afterwards, and reached maximum at pod-setting stage and seed-filling period;Grain production of Heinong 61, Xindadou 27 and 11-109 reached 5 325.6-5 648.5 kg/hm2 high yield levels due to increased grain and main stem cavity of and pods numbers from 10 to 17th section;Maximum leaf area index was 5.8-6.4.Total photosynthetic potential growth period was 3 013 150-3 260 163 m2·d/hm2.Biological production reached 19 139.4-20 556.8 kg/hm2.And proportions of stems, leaves, petioles, pods and grain leather were 19.2%-25.8%, 12.6%-24.4%, 10.8%-13.2%, 14.5%-23.0% and 21.7%-34.4% respectively.Harvest index and ratio of grain and stem was 21.6%-34.4% and 0.8-1.8.Physiological basis for the high yield potential is due to larger leaf area in the upper part of the main stem after flowering, greater total photosynthetic potential and longer active period of grain dry weight and slower decline in the rate of dry matter accumulation.Keywords：soybean;dry matter accumulation;yield;drip irrigation10|9|5<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：In order to understand the effects of different harvest periods and methods on the oil and protein contents of rapeseed, five rapeseed varieties were chosen as materials and directly seeded in Hefei, Anhui province for two years.The rapeseeds were harvested at different time points during the suitable harvest periods by combination and two-stage harvesting methods separately.The results showed that rapeseed oil and protein contents were not changed significantly before and after 4-5 days during suitable harvest periods, and the stabilization was over 95%.Harvest methods influenced oil and protein content, but the effect was not significant for most varieties of rapeseed except zhongshuang11.Although harvest methods had no significant influence on oil and protein content, it provided a change trend that the oil content of combine harvest rapeseed was a little lower than two-stage harvest rapeseed.The oil and protein contents in rapeseed maintained stable when it was harvested during suitable periods.Keywords：rapeseed;harvest methods;harvest periods;oil content;protein content0|8|2<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：To investigate the influences of exogenous salicylic acid (SA) treatment on the contents of total flavonoids and resveratrol in Vitis vinifera cv.Cabernet Sauvignon grape berry, the grape clusters of Cabernet Sauvignon were sprayed with 0 (control), 25, 50, or 100 mg/L SA at 10 days after anthesis, respectively.The contents of total flavonoids and resveratrol in grape skins at different periods of fruit ripening were determined to analyze the effects of SA on total flavonoids, resveratrol accumulation and related enzyme activies.The total flavonoids content were minimum after flowering 35 days in grape skins, then increased dramatically to full maturity during fruit development.Resveratrol presented double peak during grape ripening, one at 35 days, another at 80 days after anthesis. SA treatment increased the total flavonoids and resveratrol in grape of Cabernet Sauvignon, 25 and 50 mg/LSA treatment was significantly different from the control.The activity of phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), cinnamic acid 4-hydroxylase (C4H), 4-coumaric acid coenzyme A ligase (4CL) were closely related to synthesis of total flavonoids and resveratrol presented bimodal changes with the development of the fruit.The result showed that exogenous SA participated in regulating the accumulated content of total flavonoids, resveratrol and the activity of related enzymes of phenylpropanoid metabolis pathway.Keywords：grape;SA;total flavonoids;resveratrol;enzyme1|7|5<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：In order to investigate the effects of temperature on the leaf stomatal structural and function, stomatal distribution pattern, and gas exchange of north highbush blueberry, we examined the changes in leaf stomatal structure, stomatal size, stomatal density, stomatal distribution pattern, and gas exchange of three north highbush blueberry cultivars (‘Bluecrop’, ‘Duke’, and ‘Brigitta’) with four growth chambers controlling different temperatures including control (25℃), mild high temperature (30℃), moderate high temperature (35℃), and severe high temperature (40℃).The results showed that high temperature significantly increased the stomatal density of ‘Brigitta’, but had little effect on the stomatal density of ‘Duke’ and ‘Bluecrop’.Meanwhile, moderate high temperature substantially increased the stomatal aperture width, stomatal aperture length, and stomatal area of ‘Brigitta’ and ‘Bluecrop’, whereas the stomatal aperture size of ‘Duke’ was barely changed.In addition, high temperature resulted in a more regular stomatal distribution pattern on the leaves of ‘Brigitta’, while had little effect on the stomatal distribution pattern of ‘Duke’ and ‘Bluecrop’.Moreover, mild and moderate high temperature significantly increased the net photosynthetic rates (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), transpiration rates (Tr), and water use efficiency (WUE) of the three blueberry cultivars, whereas the severe high temperature caused them sharply decreased with the maximum values varying across the three cultivars.Our results suggested that high temperature increased the photosynthetic efficiency by increasing the stomatal width and regulating the spatial distribution pattern of stomata on the leaves of north highbush blueberry.However, the optimized ability on stomatal structure and function was species dependant, and thus resulted in different responses to high temperature.Keywords：blueberry;heat stress;stomatal structure and function;stomatal distribution pattern;leaf gas exchange1|8|5<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：The Salvia splendens seeds of ‘Olympic Flame 1120’, ‘83’ and ‘73’ at different harvest time and in different harvest location were collected as study material.The key parameters were studied by LA-LS air-screen seed cleaner and LAKTA gravity separator.For the air-screen seed cleaner, the vibration velocity was 417 times/min, the feeding speed was band 3, screening 2 to 4 times.The effect order on germination rate of gravity separator is end slope/vibration velocity, feeding velocity, side slope.The better settings for the gravity separator were as follows: end slope 1°, vibration velocity 7 band, feeding velocity 6 band, side slope 4° and screening times 2.The percentage of chosen seed was higher than 94%.The results provide the technical support for mechanized and standardized proceeding of screening Salvia splendens seeds.Keywords：Salvia splendens;seed;air-screen cleaning;gravity separating0|7|1<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：To investigate the feasibility of using mathematic characteristic of the right wing to classify and distinguish genetic relationship, 8 species of beetles, which belong to Rutelidae, Cetoniidae, and Melolonthidae families, were used as the study object.Twelve mathematic characteristic including eccentricity, leaf, sphere, circle, compactness and movement invariants (Hu1, Hu2 and Hu7) were drawn using BugShape 1.0.The results showed that there were no significant differences within same species, whereas a highly significant difference appeared between different species, indicating that 12 mathematic characteristic can be used for classification and identification.Clustering analysis results manifested that relationship of Oxycetonia jucunda and Potosia brevitarsis, Polyphylla laticollis and Holotrichia diomphalia, Polyphylla laticollis and Holotrichia diomphalia were near respectively, while Anomala corpulenta and Anomala exoleta Faldermann were far from others.Keywords：scarabaeoidae;shard;math-morphological character;classification and identification0|7|5<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：High-temperature aerobic composting was conducted with chicken manure and sawdust as materials.By studying variations of the key indicators and the dynamic changes of denitrifying bacteria communities in composting process with different treatments, in order to provide a theoretical basis for controlling the nitrogen hormone loss, improving compost fertilizer as well as protecting agricultural ecological environment. Mainly draws the following conclusions:1) Denitrifying bacteria did not existed in the whole composting process and denitrifying bacteria community structure and species composition varied greatly throughout the composting process.Ammonium nitrogen is a key factor to lead to change in community structure of denitrifying bacteria.2) At the end of the compost, T1-T5 treatment of nitrate concentration was 0.24, 0.28, 0.29, 0.27, 0.25 g/kg(T3 > T2 > T4 > T5 > T1).Denitrifying bacteria community species richness and stability are T1 > T5 > T2 > T4 > T3.Denitrification determined the final content of nitrate in the composting process.Initial moisture content reduced was conducive to improving the richness and stability of denitrifying bacteria species.3) From the point of agricultural production, denitrification of T3(initial moisture content=70%, ventilation and agitation) treatment was weak, and nitrate content was the highest, so T3 treatment is better for agricultural production.Keywords：chicken manure;total nitrogen;nitrate nitrogen;ammonium nitrogen;denitrifying bacteria5|12|2<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Microorganisms such as Bacillus megaterium can convert the ammonium nitrogen into microbial nitrogen andrestrain the formation of nitrate nitrogen and N2O emission in the soil.To explore the effect of B.megaterium on inhibiting soil N2O emission, the pot experiments of wheat were conducted.The results showed:1) Under high nitrogen concentration, B.megaterium increased the amount and relative abundance of the active micro-population, and reduced the inhibition effect of high concentration nitrogen fertilizer on the microbial growth and reproduction of the microbial.2) B.megaterium could diminish the relative abundance of nitrifying bacteria (Nitrospirae) in the soil and then inhibit the formation of nitrate nitrogen.3) N2O emission fluxes in the treatments with B.megaterium were less than that in the ordinary nitrogen treatments.During the whole process in the experiment, under the same nitrogen level, the accumulated N2O emissions decreased by 4%-53% in the treatments with B.megaterium than that in the ordinary nitrogen treatments.With the increase of nitrogen level, N2O emission reduction became gradually strengthened.Therefore, B.megaterium retarded the effects of nitrogenous fertilizer on climate and soil environment, especially under high-concentration nitrogen level.Keywords：Bacillus megaterium;N;2;O emission;soil microorganisms10|14|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：To prevent Bordetella caused disease better, a sample of swine nose swab with obvious respiratory disease from certain pig farm in Sichuan was authenticated by cultivation, biochemical test, PCR and homology analysis.To investigate the virulence of dermonecrotic toxin (DNT), DNT crude extraction obtained by the classical method including 10 and 100 times dilutions of DNT crude extraction, were injected into the 4-5、15-20 and 40-45 d SPF mice, respectively.One B.bronchiseptica strain was separated successfully and its DNT virulence was high.0.2 mL original crude extraction caused acute haemorrhagic inflammation and death to 4-5 d suckling mice;And the 15-20 d suckling mice got injured in hair follicle, and hemorrhage in subcutaneous tissue, the layer of cell structure was in disorder and the hair growth of injured skin was influenced while 40-45 d mice only displayed unhairing symptom.In conclusion, this strain has high virulence, and its DNT can cause varying degrees of injury to the mice at different days old, and lead to injuries in Epithelium, corium layer and subcutaneous tissue.The study provided some reference for the prevention of B.bronchiseptica.10|13|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：The purpose of this study was to study the antibacterial mechanism of nisin combined with rhubarb on bovine pathogenic Escherichia coli O78.Nisin, rhubarb, combination drugs and antibiotic were determined by two times dilution method to measure minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC).The growth curves, AKP and protein contents of MIC dose of the drug were determined by the method of micro plate.The results showed that:1) Nisin alone has no effect on E.coli O78;rhubarb alone MIC was 62.5 mg/mL, antibiotic MIC was 0.016 mg/mL, combination MIC of nisin and rhubarb were 0.333 and 10.417 mg/mL.2) Rhubarb combined with nisin could effectively inhibit the growth of E.coli O78, shortened the logarithmic phase and the effects were better than rhubarb groups (P<0.05), but second only to antibiotic groups (P<0.05).3) The combination of nisin and rhubarb had strong destructive effects on the cell wall and cell membrane of E.coli O78, which led to the increase of AKP and total protein index, and the effects were significantly better than antibiotic groups and rhubarb groups (P<0.05).The combination effect of rhubarb and nisin against E.coli O78, the germicidal efficacy was higher than antibiotics and rhubarb;and the antibacterial effect was higher than rhubarb and lower than antibiotic.Keywords：nisin;rhubarb;combination effect;antibacterial mechanism;Escherichia coli;O;78;minimum inhibitory concentration6|11|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：To provide basic data for designing harvesting manipulator, tensile and compression tests on different parts of garlic-stem, and tensile tests for whole garlic-stem were conducted on ripe garlic-stem.The results showed that the tensile stress increased almost linearly with strain at the initial tensile stage, presenting the characteristics of elastic materials.After the strain reached to certain values, the tensile stress increased slowly with the increase of strain, presenting the characteristics of elastic-plastic materials.From top to root of the garlic-stem, the maximum tensile stress decreased monotonously, the maximum compression force almost decreased gradually, the elastic property gradually decreased, and the compression deformation gradually decreased at same compressive force.When the tensile speed was 20 mm/min, 90% garlic-stems broke at the root part, with the maximum tensile stress of (1.2±0.1) MPa and the maximum strain of 0.15±0.04.The best part for clipping the garlic-stems is above the middle part, and the clip load should be less than 4.1 N/mm.Logarithmic functions and polynomial functions can be used to express the relationship between tensile stress and strain, and compressive force and compression deformation, respectively.Keywords：garlic-stem;stretch;compression;mechanical properties;manipulator13|10|5<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Normalized differential vegetation index(NDVI)is more and more widely used in the study of regional vegetation ecological environment evolution.Nevertheless, by using different vegetation index scales to study vegetation ecological evolution in the same region, whether the research conclusions are consistent or not is the key to measure the feasibility and repeatability of research methods.Two different scales of vegetation index, GIMMS NDVI and MODIS NDVI, were adopted to study the vegetation ecological evolution on the Lijiang River for a certain period.The results show that the deductions of the Lijiang River basin ecological evolution trend from the two methods are almost the same.In conclusion, MODIS-NDVI can continue the temporal and spatial characteristics of GIMMS data in the Lijiang River basin, which can provide a good foundation of data for the study on ecological evolution of Lijiang River basin in the long period.Keywords：vegetation;Lijiang River basin;GIMMS-NDVI;MODIS-NDVI;evolution9|11|2<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Aiming at the problem of water environment pollution of Yellow River at Huhhot, a hydrodynamic and rainfall-runoff coupling model of the Yellow River Hohhot section was constructed to simulate and analyze the rainfall-runoff、water level and discharge based on MIKE11 hydrodynamic and rainfall-runoff models.The results showed that:1) 2.19% of the Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient of rainfall-runoff model were lower than 0.8, 7.39% were lower than 0.90, and the rest was more than 0.90.The relative error was ranged from 0.04% to 19.88%.The Nash-Sutcliffe coefficients of hydrodynamic and rainfall-runoff coupling model in the Yellow River at Hohhot was over 0.99 and its relative error was 0.23%-1.54%;2) From January to June, the rainfall-runoff discharge was 0.46-8.36 m3/s, and reached the maximum value in October, which was 26.16 m3/s.The linear declined after October, with a sharp fell in early December;3) From February to March, the temperature of Toudaoguai, Hekouzhen and Lamawan sections began to rise gradually and displayed a mutation phenomenon.And the water level and discharge separately were 2.5-3.5 m and 1 380-1 400 m3/s, respectively.From April to December and January, the water level and discharge remained relatively stable, which were 1.8-1.3 m and 790-800 m3/s, respectively.From July to September, the high water season of a year appeared and the water level and discharge separately were 988.6 m and 1 162.5 m3/s respectively.Keywords：Yellow River;river network construction;boundary conditions;rainfall-runoff model;hydrodynamic model16|15|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Kernel density function, convergence theory and spatial econometrics were employed to investigate the convergence trend, agglomeration situation, the spatial club convergence and dynamic evolution of distribution of agricultural carbon productivity in 31 provinces of China from 1997 to 2012.The results show that:1) Agricultural carbon productivity in all regions was notably increased.the spatial distribution of national agricultural carbon productivity became imbalanced gradually.And, four-peak pattern turned into bimodal pattern, and there was a possibility of agglomeration phenomena in multiple regions.2) Taking national agricultural carbon productivity as a whole, there were no signs of σ convergence, but in eastern and western regions, agricultural carbon productivity is evident in σ convergence phenomenon.3) National agricultural carbon productivity displayed absolute β convergence with relatively slow convergence speed 0.65%.Meanwhile, spatial autocorrelation index further confirmed that the agglomeration phenomenon existed in Chinese provincial agricultural carbon productivity, and the β coefficients of different types of regions in four quadrants were all negative, but only two groups, H-H and L-L, exhibited relatively significant space club convergence trend.21|17|4<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：According to the statistical data (agricultural investments, crops areas and crops output) of 17 cities from 2002 to 2013 in Shandong Province, the farmland ecosystem carbon and carbon sinks and its changing rules of entire province was estimated and the influencing factors which caused carbon sources and carbon sinks' spatial and temporal changing were explored.The results show that:Agricultural system in Shandong Province holds a powerful carbon sink capacity, the amount of carbon sequestrations is significantly higher than that of carbon emissions, and the rate of the total amount between them is 4.32:1;The amount of carbon sequestration and carbon sinks is apparently displaying an increasing tendency, the amount of carbon emissions and carbon footprint shows a decreasing tendency;The farmland ecosystem displays a promising carbon ecological surplus, while the ratio between footprint area and farmland area is dropping, which was 27.71% in 2002 and 20.96% in 2013;There are obvious differences among the 17 cities on per unit area of carbon sinks and carbon footprint.In 2013, the highest amount of per unit area carbon sinks is Dezhou City (6.20 t/hm2);the lowest is Weihai City (3.02 t/hm2).The highest per unit area of carbon footprint is Weihai City (0.26 hm2/hm2), the lowest is Tai'an City (0.08 hm2/hm2).Keywords：farmland ecosystem;carbon source;carbon sink;carbon footprint45|36|25<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Applying livestock and poultry manure (LPM) to field is the key approach of decontamination and a key model of the nutrient cycle in agricultural ecosystem.The models of the given amount per unit field (GAPU) and capacity load (CL) of LPM were constructed, and the total nitrogen (TN) production, GAPU, CL of LPM were analyzed at provincial scale.The TN of LPM was 380.56 million ton, TN of swine, cow, beef, laying hens and table poultry were 41.2%、13.7%、8.7%、1.5% and 34.9%, respectively.The TN of LPM was 15.9% of national amount in Shandong province, 13.4% in Henan province, and 9.2% in Hebei province.The highest GAPU of LPM was in Beijing:Farmland area per unit reached 83.2 kg/hm2 and sown area per unit was 68.2 kg/hm2, and they were less than the safety critical point 83.2 kg/hm2.The CL of LPM are all less than 0.5 at provincial scale based on the EU's standards, and the highest CL of LPM was in Beijing, which were 0.48 farmland area and 0.39 sown area, respectively.The CL of LPM was mainly from swine and table poultry and consisted of almost half of total amount.Therefore, the key of LPM pollution control is managing swine and table poultry manure.The potential of LPM application is still very large in China, and it is the most efficient approach to control manure pollution.Keywords：provincial scale;livestock and poultry manure;the given amount per unit field;capacity load14|17|8<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Econometric analysis on the influencing factors of concentrates procurement and live sheep and goat sell using the survey data of sheep and goat farmers from Bayannur city of Inner Mongolia was performed in order to understand the basic characteristics and restrictive factors of vertical coordination in animal husbandry.The results show that:The outsourcing of concentrate was mainly to meet the quantity demand, and influenced by fund, ability to compound feed, production habit, and external service environment;Farmers chose large-scale feed enterprises and cooperatives met the quality demand to some extent, which was influenced by transaction cost and family characteristics;Farmers' choices of sales channels was influenced by family characteristics, production and operation feature, and transaction cost.And cooperatives have different effects on the vertical coordination of different kinds of live sheep and goat.Therefore, in order to improve the efficiency of vertical coordination of animal husbandry, government should increase subsidized loans and service, provide technical training about feed use, improve the service level of feed enterprise and encourage scale operation.Keywords：animal husbandry;vertical coordination;influencing factors;sheep and goat farmers18|16|4<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Based on time series data during 1993-2013, using VAR model, factors influencing the price gap between domestic rapeseed and imported rapeseed were analyzed.These factors are production cost of domestic rapeseed, the exchange rate of RMB Yuan to US Dollar, petroleum price in international market and the supply and demand of Canada's rapeseed market.With the method of impulse response and variance decomposition, the impact effects and factors made on price gap between domestic rapeseed and the imported rapeseed were further analyzed.Results showed that:1) Long-term equilibrium relationship existed among the four factors that production cost of domestic rapeseed, the exchange rate of RMB Yuan to US Dollar, petroleum price in international market and the supply and demand of Canada's rapeseed market;2) Exchange rate appreciation of RMB Yuan to US Dollar and the rise of production cost of rapeseed in China made the price gap between domestic and imported rapeseed widen rapidly.This two factors had strong effects on the price gap fluctuations with the contribution degree are 27% and 11%, respectively;3) The supply and demand of Canada's rapeseed market and the fluctuation of petroleum price in international market had weak effects on the price gap fluctuation between domestic and imported rapeseed with the contribution rate are 2% and 1%, respectively.In conclusion, the cost of rapeseed production should be reduced by means of increasing the mechanization level and the scale of operation of rapeseed production, and the per unit yield of rapeseed production should be raised by way of agricultural technology progress.Meanwhile, in order to control the price gap fluctuations within a reasonable range, some efforts should be made to reduce the impact of exchange rate fluctuations on rapeseed import.Keywords：rapeseed;price gap;factors affecting the fluctuation;VAR model13|18|2<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Farmers' recognition to the School Merger Policy in rural area has a significant impact on the effect of the policy implementation, and the recognition is affected by multiple factors.In this study, based on the farmers' perspective, we select the survey data from 3 731 students' parents in 14 counties from Shaanxi, Ningxia and Qinghai province, and use ordered logistic model to explain the influence factors of farmers' recognition to the School Merger Policy from four dimensions:farmers' individual characteristics, the county-level government's policy variables, spatial variables and the cost of education variables, and to identify the key factors of farmers' recognition.The result shows that the farmers' education and income levels are positively correlated with the recognition of policy.The farmers consulted are more in favor of school merger.Meanwhile, increasing cost and distance of school significantly reduce farmers' acceptance of school merger.Therefore, in the implementation of the school merging, the enduring capacity of students' families in western region is supposed to be considered.In the lower income levels and remote western mountain village, the teaching points and small school had better be restored and preserved.Rural school distribution adjustment decisions should be based on broad participation of farmers.Keywords：school merger policy;farmers' recognition;ordered Logistic model;influence factors16|16|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Taking Virginia Tech as an example, the paper analyzes distinct characteristics on course of "Land reclamation" in the United States, which include persistence of the training on both students' theoretical ability and practical skills, support on construction of students' multi-disciplinary knowledge, particular emphasis on field practice, and application of a diversified curriculum evaluation method.Each one, China and the United States, has its good points on teaching and learning of "land reclamation".Knowing and understanding course system of land reclamation in the United States will inevitably bring a deep thinking to the teaching and learning reform of related curriculum in China.Keywords：land reclamation;course system;soil construction;re-vegetation16|17|1<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
