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- Abstract：Yumai 2 is one of the most important backbone parents in China.In order to define genetic differentiation of its derived lines, thus provide information for future breeding program, 40 pairs of sequence related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) primers were screened with the 52 derivatives from Huanghuai or regional trial.The results showed: 1) 40 pairs of SRAP primer combinations produced 941 bands in 52 materials, of which 266 bands were polymorphic with 28.27% of polymorphism, average 6.65 polymorphic bands per primer pair.2) The range of polymorphic information content (PIC) was from 0.106 3 to 0.738 5, with an average of 0.477 5.3) The 52 materials could be divided into five categories at the genetic similarity coefficient of 0.571 0, whereas at this coefficient no genetic difference could be detected based on population genetic structure analyses.The results obtained through cluster analysis matched with the genetic family tree.4) The results of genetic contribution of Yumai 2 to its derivatives varieties indicated that Yumai 2 had the contribution ratios of 44.06%, 42.14% and 41.98% to its second, third and fourth generation derivatives, respectively.Keywords：wheat;sequence related amplified polymorphism(SRAP);genetic diversity;cluster analysis0|9|10<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2023-12-22
- Abstract：The K type male sterile wheat is important in wheat heterosis utilization.The stability of the sterility and its fertility restoration have great significance.With two K type wheat male sterile lines, 21 restorer lines and two reference materials as test materials, hybrid combinations were used in this study.The results showed that the sterile gene of rf in K type wheat male sterile wheat was mainly transferred by the female gamete, the sterility gametophyte.Sterility was controlled by 2 pairs of additive-dominant main gene additive-dominant polygenes, and the effect of the first main gene was stronger than the second gene.In F2 populations, the gene was 62.44%, polygenes inheritance was zero and the variance of environment accounted for 37.56% of the variance.The result showed that the type of wheat male sterility was given priority to the main genes and also influenced by multiple genes and the environment.The study also showed that the interannual fluctuations of sterility stability was very big in the K type cytoplasmic male sterile wheat, but through screening the high degree of recovery and stable restorer lines, would be further supporting the hybrid wheat breeding.Keywords：wheat;Aegilops kotschyi;genetic model;sterility stability1|8|4<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2023-12-22
- Abstract：In order to know present situation of wheat quality and to provide materials and basis for the future wheat quality improvement in Shanxi, high molecular weight glutenin subunits(HMW-GS) composition of 123 wheat germplasm resources were analyzed by means of sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis(SDS-PAGE).The results were as follows: There were 18 alleles at Glu-1 locus, including 3 (1, 2* and Null) at Glu-A1, 9 (7+8, 7+9, 7, 6+8, 17+18, 14+15, 20, 13+16 and 13+19) at Glu-B1, 6 (2+12, 5+10, 5+12, 2+10, 3+12 and 4+12) at Glu-D1, and the frequency of Null, 7+8 and 2+12 were the highest at each of loci, reaching 78.05%, 60.16% and 65.85%, respectively.There are 34 subunit composition types, the predominant was Null/7+8/2+12 with a frequency of 45.53%, and the second was Null/7+9/2+12 with a frequency of 12.20%.However, the types of good subunit composition 1/7+8/5+10 and 1/17+18/5+10 were rare.Comparative analysis found that elite subunit 1 coded at Glu-A1 in bred varieties increased by 14.16% in landraces, and the 7+8 coded at Glu-B1 fell by 9.05%.The frequencies of 5+10 coded at Glu-D1 were decreased 14.89% in bred varieties, while zero in landraces.10 elite resources scored 9 or 10 and 12 with rare subunits were screened, and they could be used as parent materials for future wheat breeding in Shanxi.Keywords：wheat;local variety;bred variety;introduced variety;high molecular weight glutenin subunits (HMW-GS)1|7|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2023-12-22
- Abstract：Scanning electron microscope(SEM) was used to investigate the morphologic changes of starch granule in developing endosperm and to observe A and B-type starch granules in mature wheat endosperm.SEM results showed that many small A-type starch were visible in waxy wheat endosperm, during 5-10 days after flowering, followed by an increase on starch granule size during 10-15 days, B-type starch granules were formed 15 days after pollination, but only a few B-type starch granules were detected at this point;The number and size of B-type starch granule increased gradually from the 20th day after pollination to maturity.The diameter of starch granules in mature grain endosperm of waxy wheat ranged from 0.96 μm to 34.92 μm.Compared with the common wheat, A-type starch granules of the waxy wheat were flatter and the surface of A-type starch granules was less smooth.The shapes of B-type starch granules were more irregular than that of common wheat and the granules were more often aggregated.Further studies showed that there were many holes on A-type starch granules, under 5 000 fold magnification, and the holes were extended from surface to its interior.Keywords：waxy wheat;starch;starch granules;scanning electron microscopy (SEM);microscopic examination1|8|4<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2023-12-22
- Abstract：To investigate the function of starch branching enzyme (SBE) in starch biosynthesis in cassava, one gene encoding starch branching enzyme, named MeSBE2.2 was cloned by RT-PCR and its expression patterns were studied by real-time quantitative PCR (Q-PCR).The results showed that the 2 053 bp full-length sequence encoded 616 amino acids and the deduced protein sequence shared the highest similarity of 91% with Ricinus communis SBEII protein sequence.Expression analysis results showed that MeSBE2.2 was differentially expressed in roots and leaves in various cultivars.Organ-specific expression analysis revealed that MeSBE2.2 was mainly expressed in stele.The expression level of MeSBE2.2 in roots at three different growth stages remained stable while it was significantly decreased in leaves as the plant aged.This study paves a way for further understanding the function of SBE gene family in starch metabolism in cassava.Keywords：cassava (;Manihot esculenta;Crantz);starch branching enzyme;gene cloning;expression analysis0|8|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2023-12-22
- Abstract：Haloxylon ammodendron and Cistanche deserticola were used to study the effect of parasitizing different numbers of C.deserticola on the seed yield and quality of C.deserticola.The results showed that:When the number of C.deserticola parasitized on H.ammodendron per plant within the range of one to seven, with the number of C.deserticola increased:1) The biomass of H.ammodendron- C.deserticola decreased 6.1% to 10.5%.2) The accumulation of non-structural carbohydrate of H.ammodendron per plant decreased 23.2% to 30.7%, while the accumulation of non-structural carbohydrate of C.deserticola seed improved 143.8% to 331.3%.3) The seed yield of C.deserticola on H.ammodendron parasitized by C.deserticola per plant improved 170.3% to 338.1%.These findings suggested that the appropriate number of C.deserticola parasitized on H.ammodendron could improve the seed yield of C.deserticola by optimizing the distribution of non-structural carbohydrate.Keywords：Haloxylon ammodendron;Cistanche deserticola;parasitic number;seed yield2|8|1<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2023-12-22
- Abstract：To explore the photosynthetic characteristics, grain leaf area ratio and grain yield of early and late rice with different cultivation methods in the double cropping rice system in the Dongting Lake plain, we analyzed the photosynthetic characteristics and grain yield of first and second rice with conventional and hybrid rice varieties by using three different seedling transplanting approaches: seedling parachuting (ST), hand transplanting (HT) and machine transplanting (MT).The results showed: 1) The leaf chlorophyll content (SPAD) of rice plant with ST and HT was significantly higher than that with MT at tillering, heading and grain filling stages.But there was no significant difference among ST, HT and MT at mature stage.2) Meanwhile, the leaf area index (LAI) for different cultivation methods was ST > HT > MT at the main growth stages for both early and late rice.3) Number of spikelets/leaf area, number of filled grains/leaf area, grain mass/leaf area of early rice with HT were 17.7%, 20.6% and 10.0%, which werehigher than that of MT, respectively.Meanwhile, for the late rice with ST was 29.1%, 37.3% and 12.1% which were also higher than that of MT, respectively.4) The net photosynthetic rate of rice leaf was ST > HT > MT at tillering, heading and grain filling stages, respectively.5) And the stomatal conductance was ST > HT > MT at tillering and heading stages, and HT > MT > ST at mature stage, respectively.6) For transpiration rate of rice leaf, there was not significant difference among the three cultivation methods at the main growth stages of early and late rice.7) Yield of early and late rice with different cultivation methods was significantly different, with ST the highest, while that of MT was the lowest.Compared with MT, the grain yield of early rice with ST and HT increased by 1 203.3-1 346.7 and 776.7-1 045.4 kg/hm2, the grain yield of late rice with ST and HT increased by 2 128.7-2 212.2 and 1 574.2-1 603.9 kg/hm2.These indicated that the photosynthetic characteristics and grain yield for early and late rice with different cultivation methods had their own distinct characteristics.Compared with MT, ST and HT had significantly higher grain leaf area ratio of rice and population quality of rice, and improved grain yield and yield components.Keywords：rice;planting method;ratio of grain to leaf;photosynthetic rate;grain yield0|7|4<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2023-12-22
- Abstract：Using rice growth period and yield data (1994—2013), daily air temperature data (1994—2013), and hourly air temperature data (2005—2013) from 14 agricultural meteorological observation stations in Jiangxi Province, the tendency about heat-forced maturity disasters during 20 years was analyzed.The daily variation characteristics of air temperature were studied when the disaster occurred.The definition of an effective accumulated temperature of agricultural meteorology was introduced, with the statistics of the high temperature factors which contain the effective accumulated temperature above 30, 32, 34, 35, 36 and 37 ℃ and the duration of high temperature during the mature period of early rice in Jiangxi Province.Correlation analysis was taken between the high temperature factors and the 1 000 grain weight and yield, and regression analysis was taken between the high temperature factors and the reduction rate of yield.The results showed from the following aspects:1) During 1994—1999, the heat-forced maturing of disasters hardly occured in these area.The heat-forced maturity occurred every year after 2000 except in 2004, and the disasters had an increase trend.2) All areas are affected by heat-forced maturing disasters in Jiangxi, the most severely affected area is in the Center, the next is in the North, and the last is in the south.3) When the daily maximum temperature is over 35, 36 or 37 ℃, the high temperature always lasts 3-4 hours.4) Accumulated temperature effects on the yield/yield factors are more significant than the length effects.5) After 2005, the rice average yield by the effect of heat-forced maturity disasters is reduced by 3.9%-18.9%.Keywords：yield of early rice;heat-forced maturing;hourly air temperature;effective temperature0|7|7<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2023-12-22
- Abstract：The effect of maize-soybean intercropping on soil greenhouse gas (GHG) emission and net GHG balance (△GWP) of agricultural systems in North China Plain were investigated.Results showed that in the whole growing season the highest accumulative soil CO2 emissions (12.6 t/hm2), were observed in the treatment of monocultural maize (M), which were 4.0%-8.9% higher than that in the intercropping treatments.Accumulative soil N2O emissions were highest in the M treatment (16.0 kg/hm2), which were 32.2%-36.6% higher than that in the intercropping treatments (P<0.05).There was no significant difference on soil CH4 emissions between intercropping and monoculture treatments (P>0.05).The Pearson's correlation assay showed that soil CO2 emissions were mainly related to soil temperature, while soil N2O emissions were mainly correlated with soil water content (P<0.05).Results also showed that △GWP differed between agricultural systems.The △GWP of M treatment was 8 681 kg/hm2, which was higher than that in the intercropping system with equal planting space (6 635 kg/hm2) but lower than that with wide-narrow planting space (9 753 kg/hm2), indicating that appropriate intercropping system has a potential for reducing GHG emissions and △GWP in corn production in North China Plain.Keywords：maize-soybean intercropping;soil greenhouse gas;potential of net greenhouse gas emission4|7|16<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2023-12-22
- Abstract：Aiming to promote the hyperspectral vegetation index application in corn condition monitoring.Field corns in Maxi, Juliang and Yangling area were used to establish the quantitative relationship between spectral vegetation index and the corn chlorophyll content.The canopy spectral reflectance and chlorophyll content were measured at tasseling stage, filling stage and milk stage.The coefficient between them was analyzed.And the relationship between them was used to establish the corn chlorophyll content monitoring model.The results showed that the best vegetation index to estimate the chlorophyll content was the modified chlorophyll absorption reflectivity index (MCARI) at the stage of tasseling.At the stage of filling, the best vegetation index to estimate the chlorophyll content was perpendicular vegetation index (PVI).And plant senescence reflectance index (PSRI) was the best at the stage of the milk stage.Along with the plant growth and leaf senescence, a PSRI model was proved to be valid for monitoring the corn chlorophyll content.It provided theoretical basis and technical support for the hyperspectral remote sensing in the corn growth monitoring.Keywords：hyperspectrum;vegetation index;Northwest China corn;chlorophyll content estimation;regression model9|7|12<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2023-12-22
- Abstract：The impact of climate change on crop productivity is a hot research topic in agricultural production, and indirect crop simulation models have been evaluated by many researchers.During the years of 1992 to 2012, the apple yield in 8 main producing provinces of China was significantly influenced by the climate change factor, which was indicated by temperature, precipitation and sunshine hours.In this paper, the impacts and contribution of climate change on apple productivity were explored by using stochastic frontier trans-log function with a panel data set from the 8 provinces.The empirical results showed that the apple yield potential increases about 2.38%-2.89% induced by raising per 1 ℃ in temperature factor, decreases about 2.07%-5.43% induced by raising per 10 mm in precipitation factor, and decreases about 1.01%-1.33% induced by raising per 10h in sunshine hours factor;secondly, the climate factors affect apple yields through interaction with area, the precipitation and sunshine hours have negative effects on the yield, and the temperature has positive effects on the yield;thirdly, the major contributor to the apple yield growth is TFP growth which accounts for 32.98% of apple production growth in the period of 1992—2012, the average contribution sourced from the input growth is 21%, whereas the climate has a negative contribution at the level of -13.6%.Keywords：climate change;stochastic frontier function;TFP;apple2|8|3<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2023-12-22
- Abstract：Aim of this study was to test effects of 1-MCP on fruit softening and cell wall ingredient variation of the persimmon (Diospyros kaki Thunb cv.Mopan) treated with CO2.The treatments included control, CO2 and CO2+0.5 μL/L 1-MCP.The results indicated that both CO2 and CO2+0.5 μL/L 1-MCP could dramatically remove astringency of persimmon fruit. Moreover, the combination treatment of CO2 and 0.5 μL/L 1-MCP could effectively maitain the fruits firmness, decrease respiration rate and ethylene production, delay appearing time of respiratory peak and ethylene peak, reduce soluble pectin rise rate and covalent pectin decline rate, slow down degradation rate of hemicellulose and cellulose as well.The CO2+0.5 μL/L 1-MCP treatment could delay ripening and softening of persimmon fruits and prolong shelf life of de-astringency persimmon fruits.1|6|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2023-12-22
- Abstract：According to the variable illumination conditions, complex background and overlapping targets of tomato, a new method of identification and localization was proposed based on linear structured light vision system.The ripe fruit area was firstly extracted under the dynamic threshold segmentation in (2R-G-B) model.The blue line laser stripe area was then determined in B channel.The direction for image of light stripe was combined with gray barycenter method for extracting the center of laser stripe area.The ripe fruit area was then filled with gray which maped the depth information of the fruits based on the spatial localization property of the linear structured light and the difference of depth between overlapping tomatoes.The segmentation and the spatial information of the overlapping tomato were finally obtained.The field test showed that the measurement error on the fruit radius and the centre distance error between the fruit and camera were less than 6 mm and 8 mm respectively.Keywords：tomato harvesting robot;linear structured light;stereo vision;target occlusion2|8|7<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2023-12-22
- Abstract：This paper is concerned on the effect of low temperature stress on biological of root border cells (RBCs) from cucumber and figleaf gourd seedlings.The numbers of RBCs, viability of RBCs, thickness of mucilage layer of RBCs, the apoptosis rate of RBCs and root activities were investigated in both species seedlings under 15 and 25 ℃.The results showed that the numbers of RBCs and a thicker mucilage layer of RBCs in figleaf gourd were higher than those in cucumber seedlings.The same trend was observed for apoptosis rate of RBCs and a lower viability of RBCs in cucumber.Root activities under 15 ℃ decreased by 28.9% in cucumber seedlings, but no obvious changes in root activities in figleaf gourd seedlings.Removal of RBCs from root tips led to more severe decline of root activities induced by low temperature in both cucumber and figleaf gourd seedlings.It was concluded that the function of RBCs in protecting root from chilling injury in figleaf gourd seedlings was more important than that in cucumber seedlings.Keywords：cucumber;figleaf gourd;low temperature;root border cells;stress2|8|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2023-12-22
- Abstract：This paper is questioned on influence of light quality on the production and regeneration of dog rose PLBs.The light sources with different spectral energy distribution, red, red:blue 3:1, red:blue 1:1, red:blue 1:3 and blue, were generated by light-emitting diode (LED).The protocorm-like bodies(PLBs) induction, differentiation and shooting of dog rose(Rosa canina) in vitro were investigated under these light sources, while the fluorescent lamp and dark were used as controls.The results indicated that the highest percentage of PLBs induction was 64% under red:blue 1:3 LEDs.In contrast, the percentage of PLBs induction was about 30% under fluorescent white light, red:blue 3:1 LEDs and blue LEDs.It was only 14% under dark condition.The numbers of PLBs per callus of Rosa canina were 2 times greater under red:blue 1:3 LEDs than those cultured under other light treatments.The percentage of PLBs differentiation and shooting was 30% under red LEDs, about 20% under different red plus blue LED rations, and only 17% under blue LEDs.During PLBs shooting, itwas easy to form pseudobulbils under the condition of red LEDs.The highest percentage of pseudobulbils was 12% under red LEDs.But there were no pseudobulbil formation and only abnormal plantlets generation under blue LEDs, indicating that different light qualitieshad influence on different stage of PLBs development.The red:blue 1:3 LEDs could significantly promote the induction of PLBs, while red LEDs promoted the production of shoots from PLBs.It was much easier to form pseudobulbils under the light with red LEDs.Keywords：Rosa canina;procotorm-like bodies(PLBs);light quality;plant regeneration1|7|1<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2023-12-22
- Abstract：The well-cellar style transplanting (WCST) in China was an original transplanting method of flue-cured tobacco, and had obvious comparative advantages when compared to the conventional transplanting (CT).WCST accelerated the growth of tobacco seedlings, so it is necessary to study the characteristics of photosynthetic physiology of tobacco seedlings in WCST.Combined with the field and pot experiments, the study was conducted on photosynthetic active radiation (PAR) level, plant height, leaf length, leaf width and chlorophyll content.The leaf photosynthesis and maximal photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm) of photosynthetic system Ⅱ (PSⅡ) were analyzed in WCST, compared with CT.The results showed that the photosynthetic active radiation (PAR) levels in WCST were decreased, e.g., the photosynthetic active radiation levels (PAR) were 72.60% and 52.85% at 4 cm and 8 cm in well-cellar respectively, compared with the conventional transplanting (CT).The plant height, leaf length and leaf width of tobacco seedlings were increased, but the leaf chlorophyll contents were reduced in WCST.In WCST, the maximum net photosynthetic rates (Pmax) and the light saturation points (LSP) were decreased;the light compensation points (LCP) and dark respiration rates (Rd) were reduced by 20.43% and 17.78% respectively;nonetheless, the apparent quantum yield (AQY) was improved by 4.44%, compared to CT.There was a possibility that the tobacco seedlings were fitted for weak light within well-cellar.PSⅡ maximal photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm) of tobacco seedlings was reduced when transplanted in WCST or CT, but the Fv/Fm of transplanting seedlings was significantly (P<0.05) higher by 5% to 9% in WCST than in CT.The growth of tobacco seedlings transplanted by well-cellar style transplanting was accelerated in the well-cellar.The self-adaptation and the enhanced light use efficiency in weak light environment are the physiological basis to promote tobacco growth.Keywords：tobacco seedling;transplanting;well-cellar style transplanting;growth;photosynthetic physiology3|10|8<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2023-12-22
- Abstract：Qin-Ba mountain area is the main region of rice and rape production in Shaanxi Province.This paper aims at understanding the current situation of fertilization and the problems of fertilizer management for the main crops and then putting forward countermeasures to solve the problems.Around 556 farmers were involved in the investigation of crop yield, fertilizer and others from 2012 to 2014.The results revealed that the average rate of N fertilizer was (N) 173.9 kg/hm2, (N) 7.2 kg/hm2 from manure, The rates of P and K fertilizer were (P2O5) 67.8 kg/hm2 and (K2O) 30.9 kg/hm2, (P2O5) 0.9 kg/hm2 and (K2O) 4.3 kg/hm2 from manure respectively.The ratio of N:P2O5:K2O was 1:0.38:0.20.The average yield of rapeseed was 2 440.5 kg/hm2.And the fertilizer rates were (N) 153.2 kg/hm2, (P2O5) 50.2 kg/hm2 and (K2O) 18.6 kg/hm2, (N) 6.7 kg/hm2, (P2O5) 0.8 kg/hm2 and (K2O) 6.8 kg/hm2 from manure respectively.The average yield of rice was 8 424.4 kg/hm2.The fertilizer rates were (N) 194.6 kg/hm2, (P2O5) 60.2 kg/hm2 and (K2O) 27.8 kg/hm2, (N) 7.6 kg/hm2, (P2O5) 1.1 kg/hm2 and (K2O) 1.5 kg/hm2 from manure respectively.It is thus evident that N input was excessive, but P, K and manure insufficient in Qin-Ba mountain area.Keywords：Qin-Ba mountain area;crops;NPK mineral fertilizer;manure0|7|4<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2023-12-22
- Abstract：A new straw feed producing process by applying lactic acid bacteria culture on the straw feed was proposed.In order to reveal the preservation effect of the bacteria culture on straw feed and mechanism involved, in this study, corn stalk was used as raw material, culture broth of lactic acid bacteria community SFC-2 was used as additive in different ratios (0, 75, 150, 375 mL/kg).By analyzing the physicochemical properties of straw and dynamic change of microorganisms in constant 24 hours after exposed to air, the results were as follows:1) After adding lactic acid bacteria culture broth, smell and contents of water soluble carbohydrate (WSC) and crude protein (CP) were all improved, and these traits showed a positive correlation with the content of SFC-2 fermentation broth;2) The aerobic stability of the straw feed was improved when 75 mL/kg was given, and decreased in other treatments;3) Loss of crude protein was reduced when SFC-2 fermentation broth was given;4) The band patterns of denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis revealed that strains of SFC-2 were the dominant species in the inoculated feedstuff, and many bands which appeared in the control were not detected in the inoculated feedstuff.In conclusion, by adding SFC-2 culture broth, some bacteria except SFC-2 were significantly restrained, and the aerobic stability of straw feed was improved.Keywords：lactic acid bacteria community;culture broth;corn stalk;antiseptic effect13|9|1<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2023-12-22
- Abstract：In order to stabilize and improve the lamb oocytes in vitro production efficiency, the influence of lamb age, weight, health status, season and other factors on Suffolk lamb hormone was studied.The results showed that:1) The average number of follicles of the 5-6 weeks aged Suffolk lambs was significantly higher than those of 8-9 weeks aged group (P<0.01) after treated by hormone(114.18 vs 22.17)、oocytes recovered(82.54 vs 12.83)and usable oocytes(72.79 vs 10.83);2) There is no significant effect for those lambs weighed between 8-18 kg(P > 0.05);3) The effects were significantly lower in those lambs with a history of disease than those healthy lambs (P<0.01);4) There is no significant season effect (Spring vs.autumn) on lamb follicular development and oocyte recovery (P>0.05).However, the cleavage rate(54.31% vs 73.93%)and blastocyst rate(21.34% vs 35.73%) in the spring was significantly lower than in autumn(P<0.05);5)Autumn lamb embryo transfer pregnancy rate was significantly higher than that in spring (51.33% vs 26.07%, P<0.05).6)The transplantation of 2-8 cells or blastocyst had no effect on pregnancy rate(P>0.05).Conclusion:The Suffolk lambs aged 5-6 weeks, weighed 8-18 kg, with no history disease, can significantly improve the efficiency of follicular development.Autumn lamb developmental capacity of oocytes was significantly higher than that in spring.In the same season, there was no difference between the transplanted embryonic or blastocyst stage embryo conception rate.Keywords：exogenous hormones;Suffolk lamb;oocytes;in vitro fertilization;embryo transfer2|7|2<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2023-12-22
- Abstract：In order to study the organs which expressing Ghrelin in reindeer, we examined the expression of Ghrelin by RT-PCR and real-time PCR in the organs of reindeer, including hypothalamus, hypophysis, tongue, oesophagus, rumen, reticulum, omasum, abomasum, duodenum, jejumum, ileum, colon, heart, lung, liver, spleen, kideny, bladder, ureter, testis, epididymis, ductus defrens, lymphatic node, thyroid gland, pancreas, adrenal gland, thymus, seminal vesicle gland and skeketak muscle.The results showed that Ghrelin was expressed in all of the organs examined, where the expression in abomasum was significantly higher than in other organs (P<0.05), and followed by pancreas, duodenal, testis and oesophagus.The expression of Ghrelin in the hypothalamus, hypophysis, tongue was remarkably higher, than the expression in other organs (P<0.05).Keywords：Ghrelin;reindeer;RT-PCR;real-time PCR0|7|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2023-12-22
- Abstract：In order to investigate the impact of transport stress on 5-HT in rat brain and the regulation of Suanzaoren San (named as SZR), a swing bed was used as transport stress module (named as TS) under condition of 35 ℃, 60 rpm and 2 h/d for 7 days.Forty rats were divided randomly into four groups:the control group, the SZR group, the TS group and the SZR+TS group.The brain tissues were taken after 7 days treatment.The level of 5-HT in different regions of the brain were detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).The distribution and quantity of serotonergic neurons were also examined by immunohistochemical technique.The results of ELISA showed that the content of 5-HT was significantly decreased (P<0.05) in dorsal raphe nucleus, hippocampus and striatum after transport stress.Moreover, 5-HT content in the SZR+TS group was significantly increased (P<0.05) in these regions, compared with the TS group.The immunohistochemical results showed that 5-HT expression in the TS group was decreased significantly compared to control group in DRDsh, DRv and DRc (P<0.05).While the level of 5-HT in the TS+SZT group was increased compared with the TS group.In conclusion, transport stress can decrease the level of 5-HT in different brain regions, and SZR could regulate transport stress by increasing the level of 5-HT.Keywords：SZR;rat;stress;5-HT;brain;dorsal raphe nucleus1|7|1<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2023-12-22
- Abstract：The purpose of this paper is to define the pathogen species of alfalfa phoma leaf spot and to study its biological characteristics.The pathogen of the alfalfa phoma leaf spot was identified using morphological and molecular biological methods.The effects of temperature, medium, pH, illumination, humidity and the sources of carbon and nitrogen on the pathogen were studied.The pathogen was identified as the Phoma medicaginis.The optimal temperature for mycelium growth, spore numbers and spore germination were 20, 20 and 25 ℃, respectively;while the suitable media were V8, alfalfa leaf juice medium and dextrose peptone medium, respectively.The pathogen can grow under pH from 3 to 12, while the most optimal pH were 6;the complete illumination was conductive to mycelium growth and spore numbers, while the difference of spore germination between different illumination treatments were not obvious.The profitable carbon sources were sucrose, glucose and fructose, respectively, and the optimal nitrogen sources were meatext, peptone and yeast extract, respectively.The spore germinatation need higher humidity.They can germinate best in the water drop, while it can not germinate under RH 85%.The lethal temperature of mycelium was 50 ℃ (10 min), and the lethal temperature of conidia was 44 ℃(10 min).Keywords：alfalfa phoma leaf spot;pathogen identification;biological characteristics0|8|7<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2023-12-22
- Abstract：In view of the unbalanced development of agricultural equipment in the reclamation farms in Heilongjiang, we use the methods of multi-class support vector machines and principal component analysis to evaluate the differences of agricultural machinery equipment level in these farms.The level of agricultural equipment is divided into three grades.We select ten evaluation indexes from the aspect of the total equipment amount, development speed and volume index.Five major synthetic indicators are identified by using principal component analysis with a new formulation based on the K-SVCR method.We then transform it as a complementarity problem and further a strongly convex unconstrained optimization problem by using the implicit Lagrangian function.Then a fast Newton algorithm with global and finite termination properties is established for solving the resulting optimization problem.For measuring the developmental condition of the agricultural equipment in 98 farms, evaluating and analyzing the comprehensive differences of agricultural equipment level o in each farm, we put forward the policy recommendations to coordinate the development of farm machinery and equipment in each farm in Heilongjiang Reclamation area.Keywords：support vector machine(SVM);Heilongjiang Reclamation area;level of agricultural equipment level;differences0|7|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2023-12-22
- Abstract：Farmland soil in uniaxial compression was modeled based on discrete element method and the mechanics property of real soil was simulated.On the basis of the finite element theory, with the aid of Flunet-UDF that data of finite element meshes can be written, soil model in uniaxial compression was generated using a custom factory in EDEM software.Simulation results show:Shear stiffness are positive related with the included angle between upward section in the curves and the strain axis, peak value, the included angle between downward section in curves and the strain axis.Peak in the curves decreases with shear critical stress decrease.Drop points of downward section in the curves are far away from original point as shear critical stress decrease.Included angle between downward section in curves and the strain axis increases as normal stiffness decrease.Peak in curves increases as normal critical stress increase.On the basis of above regular pattern from analysing the curves of unaxial compression force-strain, 4 main parameters of bonding model that simulation model in uniaxial compression applied were adjusted to make curves of simulation and test.That is when normal stiffness is 210 MN/m3, shear stiffness is 80 MN/m3, normal critical stress is 30 kPa, shear critical stress is 8 kPa, the bonding parameter can be more reliably to characterize the mechanical properties of soil holding 10.5% moisture.This research will provide reference for model establishing and parameter verification of agricultural complex materials.Keywords：uniaxial compression;soil;discrete element method;calibration1|8|11<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2023-12-22
- Abstract：For the non-uniform distribution of electric field in the chamber of Pulsed Electric Field (PEF) and limited sectional area in chamber, the chamber of PEF was improved and the distribution of potential and electric field strength were simulated by the Laplace equation simulation.Under the conditions that flow rate was 30 mL/min, pulse electric field frequency was 128 Hz, pulse duration time was 17 μs, treatment time was 3.92 ms, and the electric field strength was 2.50, 5.00, 7.50, 10.00, 12.50 and 15.00 kV/cm, the lethal influence on Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Escherichia coli and Penicillium was obviously better in the improved chamber than that unimproved.When the strength reached 15.00 kV/cm, the relative survival rates of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Escherichia coli and Penicillium were under the limit that could be detected, or only 0.01, 0.05 in the improved chamber;while they reached up to 0.30, 0.77 and 0.76 in the unimproved chamber.The improved chamber could be applied in liquid food sterilization as the inactivation effect and the liquid circulation were improved compared to unimproved chamber.Keywords：pulsed electric field;numerical simulation;Laplace equation;electric field distribution0|8|2<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2023-12-22
- Abstract：Current researches on soil slope protection with herbaceous vegetation are focused on the aboveground parts of vegetations.There is little knowledge on the role of vegetation roots.In this study, the effects of herbaceous vegetation root parameters on shear strength of soil-root composite were carried out by direct shear apparatus in laboratory on undisturbed soil samples collected at different growth stages of annual wild herbaceous vegetations.The investigated annual wild herbaceous vegetations mainly were Echinochloa crusgalli (L.) Beauv.and Setaria viridis (L.) Beauv..The results indicated that the correlation of soil-root composite shear strength with root weight density was greater than that with root length density or root-soil area ratio.The shear strength of soil-root composite increased with the increase of dry soil density and root weight density, but decreased with the increase of soil water content.The effect degrees of soil density or soil water content on soil-root complex shear strength was greater than that of root weight density.The standard regressive coefficients (Beta values) of root-soil composite shear strength with soil density, soil water content, and root weight density were 0.456, -0.321, and 0.186, respectively.A significant enforcement role was found for the annual wild herbaceous vegetation root system on soil-root composite shear strength.The wild herbaceous vegetation roots could increase soil shear strength by 19.8%-39.5% when root weight density was 5-10 kg/m3.2|9|8<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2023-12-22
- Abstract：This paper is concerned on systematically calculating and analyzing the changes of land use and vegetation between 1980 and 2010 in Xilinhot.The aim was to provide a long time span, small-scale empirical case space for Inner Mongolia region of LUCC research.The used methods included mathematical and statistical analysis and quantitative analysis.The land types were croland, forestland, grassland, wetland, construction land, and unused land.The measured eight indicators were the magnitude of land-use change, single land use dynamic degree, comprehensive land use dynamic degree, land use and development degree and depletion of the land use, the composite index of land use degree, the amount of land use change degree and the rate of land use change degree.The results showed that the land use in Xilinhot changed significantly during 30 years.The national domestic policies was the dominant factor which affected the land use change.Xilinhot was currently at land use development period.The amount of land use change degree and the rate of land use change degree were all greater than 0, and with an upward tendency.It was evident that Xilinhot was currently in the development stage of land use.2|8|3<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2023-12-22
- Abstract：Based on the technology of RS/GIS, the data of land use in 1989, 2000 and 2010 were obtained from Landsat TM of Zhangjiakou city.The land use change model and landscape index were used to analyze the processes of land use/land cover change and landscape pattern.The results showed that the main type of land use changed from cropland and grass into forest and grass during this period in Zhangjiakou City.The area of cropland decreased apparently, changing from -0.27% into -0.83% of the dynamic degree.Grassland decreased slightly as well.However, forest area increased obviously from 0.56% to 1.39% of the dynamic degree.It was obvious that the cropland was mainly changed into grassland before the project but changed into forest after this project.The proportion of cropland changing into forest increased from 22.50% to 45.46%.Meanwhile, 684.85 km2 grassland changed into forest during this period.At the same time, the landscape pattern tended to be of equalization.The landscape fragmentation aggravated, and the shape of landscape tended to be simplicity due to human activities.Keywords：conversion cropland to forest and grassland project;land use and land cover change;landscape pattern;Zhangjiakou City1|8|7<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2023-12-22
- Abstract：Using the principle and method of system dynamics, we established the land use change scenario model under the restriction of water resources, simulated the land use structures from 2010 to 2025 under different scenarios of water resources restraint in Zhangbei County, and compared the effectiveness of the simulation result.The result showed that the population and GDP increased slowly under the restriction of water resource.The stronger water resource constraint induced in a slower population and economic development speed.Meanwhile, water resources constraint also influenced the land use structure.With intensifying the water resource constraint, the arable land decreased quickly while forest land and construction land increased slowly.The areas of arable, forest and construction land under water resource constraint were all smaller than those under no water resource constraint.Annual decrease rate of arable land at water resource constraint was larger than that at no water resource constraint.However, the increase rates of forest land and construction land were smaller at water resource constraint than those at no water resource constraint.Considering the social, economic and ecological effectivenesses of land use, the land use structure under the scenario of moderate water resources constraint was the proper land use pattern.Keywords：water resource restriction;land-use change;scenario simulation;system dynamics model1|7|3<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2023-12-22
- Abstract：As an important means of agricultural landscape reshaping, land consolidation has a dual effect on agricultural landscape.The aesthetic evaluation task of land consolidation is to make a reasonable evaluation of agricultural landscape aesthetic manifestations based on the index system, to point out the present problems and improvement measures, to provide the basis for land consolidation aesthetic design, and to improve the aesthetic perception of agricultural landscape.In this paper, a farmland aesthetic evaluation index system has been constructed which reflects the agricultural landscape features, and the criterions of this index system have the features of naturalness, diversity, openness, cleanness, quiet, motility and singularity.Keywords：land consolidation;agricultural landscape;aesthetic evaluation;index system1|8|6<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2023-12-22
- Abstract：In order to evaluate the cooperative performances of multivariate agricultural extension organizations, and analyze the evaluation mechanism, the precise and practical performance evaluation index system of cooperative agricultural extension is designed from input, process, output and satisfaction perspectives.In view of the complexity and uncertainty of the evaluation index, grey relational analysis based on AHP is designed to verify the evaluation with examples.The results show that the index system can reflect the factors and their links in cooperative agricultural extension effectively;evaluation results conform to reality as well.According to the results of case studies, it is suggested that the agricultural extension organization should make full use of their own advantages, establish efficient input-output mechanism, and have an equal, flexible and effective cooperative extension process, etc., to improve the performances of cooperative agricultural extension.Keywords：agricultural extension;cooperative performance;evaluation index;gray hierarchy analysis1|7|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2023-12-22
- Abstract：Multiple Ordered Logit model is adopted to evaluate the effectiveness of the functioning of WUA and its influencing factors for the rural households at different income level.It indicates that the village irrigation condition, years of WUA, health status of farmers, proportion of irrigated area, pattern of plant are the key factors influencing the effectiveness of the functioning of WUA.Other factors such as village type, scale of association, the ages of farmers, education level, whether the household is village cadres, farmers' profession differentiation, and proportion of non-agricultural income have comparatively significant effect on the effectiveness of the functioning of WUA.Therefore, for the development of WUA, attention should not only be paid on the number growth, but more should be on actual operation effect.Keywords：water users associations;rural households at different income level;evaluations of effectiveness;multiple Ordered Logit model1|7|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2023-12-22
- Abstract：Because of the insufficient supply, ineffective management and maintenance of irrigation facility and rural road, rural infrastructure is difficult to satisfy agriculture and social need.This article uses comparative analytical method and summarized method to study existing problems of China's irrigation facility and rural road as well as corresponding international experiences.The study imply that we should pay attention to raise rural infrastructure's investment efficiency, innovate the supply system, intensify management and supervision of specific fiscal funds, and promote democratic decision-making in the early stage of investment.Diversification of system in operation and management, reformation of property rights institution, improvement of system of budget and social capital investment, and establishment of obligation system would be useful to improve operating efficiency of China's rural infrastructure.Keywords：rural infrastructure;supply;manage;international experience0|7|1<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2023-12-22
- Abstract：Based on macro data of Statistical Yearbook of China from 1988 to 2012, this paper uses "adjusted deviation rate" to measure uncertainty which is divided into income uncertainty and expenditure uncertainty.After analyzing the uncertainties that Chinese residents face and the influence path of these uncertainties on urban and rural consumption, the extended model of consumption function on uncertainty is set up.Then, the empirical study is conducted to probe the influence of two kinds of uncertainties on urban and rural residents' consumption in China.The focus falls on the discrepancy analysis of the impact that two kinds of uncertainties have on residents' consumption.The results show that uncertainty has positive influence on urban residents' consumption, while its influence on rural residents' consumption is negative;income uncertainty has stronger impact on rural residents' consumption than on urban residents';expenditure uncertainty has greater impact on urban residents' consumption than that on rural residents' consumption.Keywords：income uncertainty;expenditure uncertainty;urban and rural residents' consumption;adjusted deviation rate0|8|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2023-12-22
- Abstract：In order to fit the needs of farmers to develop green technology to promote the prevention and control policy, this study used binary logistic model, based on micro-survey data, to analyze key factors affecting farmers' willingness to adopt green control techniques.And we got following several results:1) 76.15 percent of the interviewed farmers showed their willingness to adopt green control techniques.2) Empirical and regression analysis showed that dominant factors affecting farmers adoption intention of green control techniques included gender, education level, its perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness, as well as influence of neighbors' orientation and concern about ecological environment.Accordingly green control technique suggestions were proposed to strengthen the research and development work for the green technologies and products, to increase training for rural leaders and to promote the demonstration of new technologies.Keywords：farmers;green prevention and control technology;adoption intention;influencing factors2|7|17<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2023-12-22
- Abstract：To master the economic growth of pig industry under environmental constraints in various regions of China, the Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA) and Malmquist Index method were applied in this study to measure the changes of technical efficiency and environmental TFP since the new century, and carbon emissions of pig industry were introduced into the production efficiency model.The results show that, other capital input, labor input, feed input, piglet input and carbon emissions of pig industry had significant impact on pig production;During sub- period and the entire sample period, technical efficiency of central, eastern and western regions decreased successively, and the gap of corresponding technical efficiency level showed a trend of constantly widening;During 2001—2012, average environmental TFP of pig industry in 26 provinces were less than 1 except Tibet, Qinghai, Ningxia and Hainan;During 2006—2012, the average decline rate of the central, eastern, western regions showed a gradually decreasing pattern;During 2001—2012, China's pig production had widespread technical setbacks.Keywords：pig Industry;technical efficiency;environmental TFP;Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA);Malmquist Index0|7|4<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2023-12-22
- Abstract：Based on the data from 2011 to 2013 of listed companies in Shanghai Stock Exchange and Shenzhen Stock Exchange, we use the method of combining OLS regression and fixed effects model to discuss the relationship among the corporate social responsibility, advertising investment, and the valuation of enterprises.The results show that advertising investment of agricultural enterprises has a positive and significant influence on corporate social responsibility;advertising plays an important role in fulfilling social responsibility and improving corporate value of agricultural enterprises;social responsibility activities can promote enterprise value, but lower advertising spending would weak this effect;agricultural corporate social responsibility is not a signal of product quality.Therefore, for the promotion of their business, agricultural enterprises should increase affordable advertising, propagandize corporate responsibility positively when announcing social responsibility activities.These will gradually shape the enterprise reputation, and improve enterprise value.Keywords：corporate social responsibility;enterprise value;advertise investment;quality of the product1|8|1<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2023-12-22
- Abstract：In order to find a high-quality spread structure of agricultural science information by multimedia, and to improve the efficiency and transforming effect of farmers' receiving information, two state variables were set which are the "agricultural science and technology information increment" and the "overall learning outcomes", and the changes in government investment, transmission route of information and transforming effect of learning by system dynamics were simulated and analyzed.The results showed that while keeping other variables constant, if the government investment in agricultural information was raised from 330 000 RMB in 2012 to 1 million RMB in GOV100 program and 10 million RMB in GOV1 000 program, from the years of 2022—2032, the program GOV1 000 will increase about 120 minutes of information resources and 5 000 minutes of learning outcomes which is more than the program GOV100 annually.Compared to other programs, the base-sim1 program that raises the government investment to 150 million and the conversion rate of learning to 80% will increase about 250 minutes of information resources annually from the years of 2013—2016.At the same time, there will be an optimal effect of approximate 730 min of information resources and 90 000 min of learning outcomes in the year 2032.Keywords：resource of agricultural science and technology information;multimedia communication;system dynamics;Inner Mongolia1|7|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2023-12-22
