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- Abstract：Non-food biomass feedstock supply is one of the most important limiting factors in fluencing biofuel development.In this article,the definitions of non-food biomass feedstock and non-food land for bioenergy crops are clarified according to the situation present in China.After identifying the relationship between food security and biomass energy development,it is shown that sustainable non-food biofuel will be a multi-win-win industry to improve food and energy production,eco-environment,and the rural economy and would not have negative effects on food security of the country.This article also reviews the progress of non-food biomass feedstock research,its supply system and further studies currently need in China.It includes the following areas:1)availability of residue biomass,2)nonfood bioenergy plant screening,breeding,and production technology,3)feedstock production,collection,and logistics and mechanization,4)distribution and potential of the non-food land for biomass production,5)sustainability and standardization of nonfood biomass feedstock production and supply,6)development of demonstration and bioenergy agriculture,and 7)planning and policy on the non-food biomass feedstock industry.Keywords：biomass;energy crop;crop residue;sustainability;marginal land1|6|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：The temporal distribution of crop residues depends on the crops maturity or harvesting dates,which affects greatly on sustainable residue utilization.Maturity date of crop residues(MDCR)was defined in this article.Maturity date of field crops in different regions of China according to data collected from original papers published mainly between 2006 and 2011 has been analyzed.The MDCR of sweet potato,sugarcane,cotton,potato and canola varied from January to April.The MDCR early stage of wheat and maize was from May to June.The period from July to November was predominant MDCR for rice,wheat and maize.The MDCR of potato,sweet potato,peanut,cotton,Jute and ambary hemp and sugarcane was in December.In the regions located to the north of Yangtze River,the MDCR was between June and October and concentrated from August to October.Due to the long frost-free periods in Yangtze River district and its southern areas of China,field crop residues can be harvested through the whole year.Keywords：field crops;crop residues;maturity date3|8|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：To accurately assess the quantity and spatio-temporal distribution of crop residues is essentially important for its sustainable utilization in China.The residue quantities of all the field crops among 31 provinces in mainland China were evaluated by using the latest crop residue index(CRI) based on different province or region.The residue quantities were calculated as standard coal equivalence(SCE) according to the heating value of each crop residue from original papers.During 2007 and 2009 in China,the annual crop residue production was estimated as 735 Mt which was composed of 646 Mt field residues(341 Mt SCE,87.36% SCE) and 89 Mt process residues(50 Mt SCE,12.64% SCE) based on air dried weight.The field residue of cereal crops was evaluated to be 492 Mt(253 Mt SCE) annually,accounting for 74.10%(SCE) of the total field residue,which was including three main crops,i.e.rice residue weight 198.65 Mt (91.78 Mt SCE,26.90%SCE),maize residue weight 149.48 Mt (82.66 Mt SCE,24.23% SCE) and wheat residue weight 143.73 Mt (78.34 Mt SCE,22.96% SCE),respectively.Changes in crop residue quantity was varied from 37.72 Mt (19.08 Mt SCE) in Hubei to 72.95 Mt (40.00 Mt SCE) in Henan province,and the top ten provinces were Henan,Shandong,Jiangsu,Heilongjiang,Anhui,Sichuan,Guangxi,Hunan,Hebei and Hubei.Moreover,the highest field residue quantity was harvested between July and September,accounting for 44.49% (SCE) of crop residues;and only 1.37% (SCE) between January and March.Keywords：biomass;field residue;process residue;standard coal equivalence;spatio-temporal distribution1|6|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Process residue(PR) is an important part of crop residue resources.The annual yield of field crops PR produced between 2007 and 2009 is evaluated based on provinces of China.The PR conception ,PR factor and calculation method are clarified.Among different provinces,rice husk factor varied between 0.16 and 0.20 and averaged at 0.18.Corn cob factor varied between 0.12 and 0.22 and averaged at 0.16.Peanut hull ranged between 0.25 and 0.30 and averaged at0.27.The factors of cotton seed hull,sugarcane bagasse and sugarbeet bagasse are 0.47,0.16 and 0.05,respectively.Annual production of rice husk was 34.38 Mt and ranged between 500 t in Beijing and 4.52 Mt in Hunan among 30 provinces.Corn cob was 25.72 Mt and varied between 3 000 t in Tibet and 2.94 Mt in Heilongjiang among 31 provinces.The annual production of peanut hull cotton seed hull sugarcane bagasse and sugarbeet bagasse were 3.78 Mt,5.49 Mt,18.81 Mt and 0.44 Mt,respectively.The equivalent conversion coefficient from rice husk to standard coal was 0.49 and the equivalent standard coal was 16.85 Mt.For corn cob,the conversion coefficient was 0.60 and the equivalent standard coal was 15.43 Mt.And the conversion coefficients and the equivalent standard coal values were 0.59 and 2.33 Mt for peanut hull,0.60 and 3.30 Mt for cotton seed hull,0.60 and 11.29 Mt for sugarcane bagasse,0.57 and 0.25 Mt for sugarbeet bagasse,respectively.In China,The total PR quantity was 88.62 Mt,which was equivalent to 49.34 Mt of standard coal annually.Keywords：crop;crop residue;process residue1|6|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：In order to summarize the varieties of sweet sorghum in China,production technology and the difference of production cost and energy efficiency in different areas,we carried out an analysis of sweet sorghum's variety characteristics,production technology,production cost and energy efficiency in cold areas (Inner Mongolia),arid areas(Xinjiang) and saline areas(Shandong) of sweet sorghum by literature research and field investigation based on the numerical and factor analysis method.The results showed that the varieties with growth period of 113-130 d,brix of 9.0%-16.0%,fresh straw yield of 31.2-64.7 t/hm2,plant height of 223.1-312.7 cm,stem diameter of 1.48-1.89 cm and grain yield of 2.07-3.39 t/hm2 accounted for the most.The variation coefficient of grain yield,straw yield and brix were 42.1%,50.5% and 41.9% respectively.Agronomic measures such as tillage,irrigation,fertilization,removing tillers,chemical spray and lodging-prevention all had significant effect on the yield of sweet sorghum.The result of factor analysis of production cost illustrated that the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin measure of sampling adequacy was 0.84 and the value of Bartlett’s sphericity test (P<0.01) was 14 970;Three factors were extracted out and their variance contribution rates were 48.18%,41.66% and 6.78% respectively as well as accumulative contribution rate was 96.61% after being rotated.The comprehensive score of Inner Mongolia (-15.22) was the best.The energy of raw material for production of one ton anhydrous alcohol by using stem alone needed 2.7×103-7.4×103 MJ/t,and 1.4×103- 3.9×103 MJ/t are consumed after comprehensive utilization.The energy output-input ratios were 4.0-10.9 and 7.6-20.7 respectively.Sweet sorghum is feasible as an energy crop,considering the economic cost and energy efficiency.Manual input and raw material were the most influential factor towards cost and energy efficiency respectively.Factor analysis comprehensive evaluation shows that factor cost has a significant difference among different regions.Balancing mechanical and manual input has an important significance to cost and energy efficiency in different regions.Keywords：sweet sorghum;production technology;production cost;factor analysis;energy input0|6|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：In addition to the problems of the shortage of raw material and high costs in bio-fuel production using sweet sorghum.The reasons which bringing on the above-mentioned problems are analyzed based on the achievement in sweet sorghum breeding,cultivation and industrial cooperation during the last decade.The key factors include the cultivar of sweet sorghum,planting areas,technology and the government policy.Although some sweet sorghum cultivars are better,these cultivars could not provide a sustainable supply to feed the bio-fuel industry.There is large area of marginal lands in China.However,not all marginal lands can be utilized for sweet sorghum cultivation.Since sweet sorghum cultivation and sorghum stalk processing technology had been improved,it still could not satisfy the operation of bio-fuel industry cycle.The government constituted some policies on development of bio-energy.For using sweet sorghum stalk as raw material,sweet sorghum cultivar multiplicity should be focused on,especially on breeding new varieties or hybrids with high biomass yield,high sugar content and early maturity.Besides,it is necessary to select marginal lands which are not only adapt to planting sweet sorghum but also meet the requirements of sweet sorghum stalk storage and processing.Mechanical harvesting is more important in the near future.At the same time,the government should issue the policy to encourage the development of medium or small scale bio-energy plants and the government should invest in bio-energy research and development continuity.Keywords：sweet sorghum;bio-fuel;related technology;planting area;industrial policy0|8|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) is a natural variant of grain sorghum and has a remarkable ability to accumulate sugars in its juicy stems and to produce high biomass in low-input agricultural systems.China is committed to develop sweet sorghum into a dedicated biofuel crop and has set clear milestones for sweet sorghum breeding.In this review we briefly described the origins,cultivation history and germplasm collection of sweet sorghum and devoted much of the text to discuss the problem of the hybrid and molecular breeding of sweet sorghum in China.We argue that sweet sorghum breeding is still in its infancy and primarily adopts the grain sorghum system.The goals of and approaches to speed up the biofuel sweet sorghum breeding have been discussed.0|6|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Twenty-four sweet sorghum(Sorghum bicolour) varieties were selected in the study to analyze genetic diversity and inheritability of 45 agronomic traits and chemical compositions.The objective is to examine the performance of sweet sorghum germplasm in the arid area and then to assist its breeding in Xinjiang province.The results showed:the mean value of coefficient of genetic diversity (H') in quantity characters (1.831 9) was much higher than that in classified characters (0.779 6).H' for yield and soluble sugar content in stem were 1.817 2 and 1.946 9,respectively.Great genetic variation was observed.The mean value of coefficient of genetic variance (CV) was 23.9%,with the largest one (50.3%) in leaf sheath soluble sugar content and the least one (5.7%) in sowing-emergency duration.Further analysis found that the mean value of broad sense heritability (hB2) in agronomic,yield and chemical composition traits were 0.74,0.92,0.93,respectively,including hB2 for stem soluble sugar content (0.99).Relative genetic advance (△G) analysis revealed that △G of stem yield and stem soluble sugar content were 81.1% and 84.9%,and its genetic gain (G) were 122.3 and 212.3,respectively.Results revealed that stem yield and stem soluble sugar content of sweet sorghum had great potential for further genetic imporvement.Keywords：sweet sorghum;biomass;carbohydrates;genetic diversity index;broad sense heritability;genetic gain0|7|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：The purpose of this study was to investigate the similarities and differences of lodging resistance between A1-type and A3-type cytoplasm sweet sorghum.The result may help breed lodging-resistant hybrids and solve the lodging problem in sweet sorghum.Five A3-type and 5 A1-type cytoplasm sweet sorghum hybrids were used for this study and the natural lodging rate,breaking rate,and results of tensile force test were compared and analyzed.We found that the natural lodging rate and breaking rate of A3-type cytoplasm sweet sorghum was significantly lower than that of A1-type cytoplasm sweet sorghum.The stalk enrichment degree and stalk wall thickness of A3-type cytoplasm sweet sorghum was significantly higher than that of A1-type cytoplasm sweet sorghum.A3-type cytoplasm sweet sorghum had a great superiority in anti-bending ability compared with A1-type cytoplasm sweet sorghum.When stalk was pulled to 45°,60° and 75° from vertical direction with spring scale,the used tensile force of A3 cytoplasm sweet sorghum was 16.44% 15.63% and 18.58%,respectively,which was more than that of A1-type cytoplasm sweet sorghum hybrids,and the corresponding retrieved angles were 3.70°,3.96° and 4.08° lower than A1-type cytoplasm sweet sorghum,respectively.We showed that A3-type cytoplasm sweet sorghum hybrids had a great lodging resistance potential and obvious advantages to used for bio-ethanol production.Keywords：sweet sorghum;lodging resistance;cytoplasm0|7|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Five A(male sterile) lines and five R(restorer) lines of sweet sorghum were selected to examine their combining ability for major agronomic traits.Twenty-five crossing combinations were made by incomplete diallelic cross method and plant height,growth period,Brix,chlorophyll and yield were analysed with statistical software DPS.The results showed that the sterile lines 303A was an ideal sweet sorghum sterile lines with outstanding comprehensive character and high general combining ability,followed by L0202A.The R lines LTR108 and LTR114 showed good performance and high general combining ability.The combinations of 303A/LTR114,L0202A/LTR108 and L0202A/LTR114 are ideal high yield and Brix contente.Our results provided evidence for selecting the right combinations for high sugars and high yield.Keywords：sweet sorghum;combining ability;agronomic traits1|6|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Experiment was done in meadow soil of Shenyang.Quadratic regression universal rotary combination design experiment of four factors and five levels was used to study the effects of different density and fertilizer combination on biomass and stalk sugar content of current representative sweet sorghum varieties Liaotian No.1.Optimum formula was found by simulated equation and optimality selection.The results showed that:planting density biomass and dose of N,P,K all have a significant regression relationship with biomass planting density.The effect on biomass was N>density>P>K,there was larger effect for biomass on density and P,N and K interaction.The influence on stalk sugar content (Brix) was N>K>P>density.The best design is that four factors are all at 0 level,that is,density at 75 000 plant/hm2,N 150 kg/hm2,P2O5 138 kg/hm2,K2O 60 kg/hm2 ,it could attain a maximum biomass of 112.70 t/hm2 and an average stalk sugar content (Brix) of 18.41%。Keywords：sweet sorghum;density;fertilizer treatments;biomass;brix0|6|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：A genetic segregation analysis of stalk sugar content related traits was made with the parents of LR625,a grain sorghum variety (P1),Rio,a sweet sorghum variety (P2) and their F1 and F2:3 populations by using the mixed major gene plus poly-gene inheritance model.The results suggested that the genetic control of the stalk sugar content (brix) is consistent with E-1 model,the trait is controlled by two major genes with additive-dominant-epistatic effects and poly-genes.The poly-genes effects were higher than major gene effects,and the heritability of major genes and poly-genes were 48.98% and 39.52%,respectively.Environmental effects accounted for 11.59% of total phenotypic variance.Juice ratio was consistent with B-5 model,the trait is controlled by two major genes with dominant effects.Heritability account for 75.3% of phenotypic variation,and environmental factors accounted for 24.7%.Stalk fresh weight was consistent with E-2 model,the trait was controlled by two major genes with additive-dominant effects and poly-genes with additive-dominant effects.Heritability of major genes was 58.85%,and heritability of poly-genes was 17.63%,environmental factor effects accounted for 23.52%.Keywords：sweet sorghum;stalk sugar content;juice ratio;stalk fresh weight;genetic analysis0|6|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：The bmr(brown midrib) gene of low lignin and high digestibility and PS(photoperiod-sensitive) gene were pyramided into a forage sorghum line through a combinaed field and laboratory study to improve the yield and quality.EBA-3 with PS gene and Tx623B with bmr gene were employed to construct a F2 segregation population.Phenotype segregation ratio showed the two traits PS (photoperiod-sensitive) and bmr(brown midrib) might be controlled by two independent genetic loci,respectively.The two PS loci showing complementary effects,while the two bmr loci were inhibitory.SSR marker Xtxp7 in linkage group B,was linked with bmr gene,while Xtxp20 in linkage group G was linked with PS gene.These markers were used for marker assisted selection for the introgression breeding.Evidence for possible orthologies of the genes detected here with other QTLs and major genes involved in flowering time of sorghum and rice is discussed.Keywords：sorghum;bmr;PS;gene;SSR marker0|6|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Non-food biofuel crop is under the spotlight in the research field of bioenergy.Jerusalem artichoke is one of the most promising non-food biofuel crops,due to its wide adaptability,high resistance,high biomass productivity,multiple ways of utilization for bioenergy and environment friendly.This paper reviews the recent development and problems in research in biology characteristics,stress resistance and yield potential,germplasm evaluation,genetic characteristics and cultivar breeding,planting technology,chemical composition and energy conversion on the basis of feedstock production and biomass conversion utilization.It discusses the prospects of research and development of Jerusalem artichoke as an energy crop.Specific cultivar for bioenergy,efficient feedstock production system suited for bioenergy plants,searching for inulinase with high activity,efficient fermentation strains,oleaginous microorganisms,life cycle assessment of feedstock production,and comprehensive research and development of byproducts should be focused.1|7|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Switchgrass is internationally recognized as the most suitable biofuel plant.The planting scale of switchgrass is relatively small in China,so the introduction of switchgrass is still in the initial stage.Switchgrass is mainly introduced to northern part of China while it is not reported that there is an introduction of switchgrass to southern part of China.The introduction history of switchgrass and its cultivation status were briefly described in this paper.According to the problems appeared in the process of introduction,we analyzed the technical problems in switchgrass planting and the prospect for planting switchgrass in our country.It has prosperous prospects for switchgrass plantation in China because it was reported that the switchgrass is an effective soil and water conservation plant and is a high-quality forage.As the second generation bioenergy plant,switchgrass could be planted in abandoned sandpits,saline-alkali soils and lands unfavorable for crop production.However,in order to introduce switchgrass systematically,a closely cooperation among enterprises,government and farmers is still needed.Keywords：switchgrass;introduction;plantation;prosperous prospects0|6|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：The objective of this experiment is to evaluate the variation in yield and fuel quality of switchgrass biomass under different harvesting periods and to determine appropriate harvesting periods.Field trials were conducted in Qingyang,Gansu Province,to evaluate biomass yield and fuel quality of switchgrass under different harvesting time in order to determine the proper harvesting time.The results were as follows:1) with the delayed harvesting period,yield of switchgrass presented downtrend,and the proportion of leaves reduced gradually.It indicated that yield loss was mainly due to leaf abscission.2) The heat value of switchgrass biomass showed a decreasing tendency as a whole,it was significantly higher at the flowering stage than other periods; delayed harvest significantly reduced moisture and ash content of switchgrass biomass; with the delayed harvesting period,cellulose and lignin content in stems and leaves increased,while hemicelluloses content decreased; undesirable components of mineral element such as K,Mg,Na,Cl were significantly reduced after switchgrass withered,and the fuel quality of switchgrass biomass improved.3) In the pattern of energy production of switchgrass,switchgrass biomass fuel quality was better when harvested at the end of growth season,after the decline of above-ground parts.Keywords：switchgrass;energy plant;harvest time;biomass yield;fuel quality0|7|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：In this experiment,seven SSR marker primer pairs were used to detect the genetic diversity of 10 accessions of switchgrass (Panicum virgatum).The results showed that the polymorphism information content (PIC) of different materials were ranged from 0.669 to 0.881,and the genetic similarity coefficient ranged from 0.385 4 to 0.905 7.UPGMA (Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Mean) was used for clustering analysis of the 10 accessions,based on the genetic distance and polymorphism information detected by the SSR markers.Five breeding varieties and the wild germplasm No.2 exhibited a closer genetic relationship and were clustered into one group,whereas the rest five accessions were clustered into the other group.The clustering result of the primer pair 5211_B07 was the same as that of the genetic distance.Keywords：switchgrass;germplasm genetic diversity;SSR;cluster analysis1|6|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Bioenergy grasses display many beneficial attributes as energy crops,and a lot of works have been carried out for their germplasm screening,yield and quality evaluation,ecological effects evaluation in the north of China.23 species of grass continuously cultivated in the north area with biomass yield higher than 3.0 t/(hm2·year) have been identified.Among these species,the biomass yield of switchgrass (Panicum virgatum),miscanthus (Miscanthus spp.),giant reed (Arundodonax) and hybrid pennisetum (Pennisetum americanum×P.Purpureum) are higher than 20 t/(hm2·year),they have been superior in adaptability,yield and quality etc.The four kinds of grasses are promising in the north area,but existing problems should be taken into consideration:hybrid pennisetum cannot live through the winter; giant reed and highland ecotype's switchgrass have a low overwintering rate.In conclusion,the germplasm collected in north area should be with superior yield,quality and relatively high cold,drought and salt resistance.The main researches on the development and utilization of bioenergy grass in north area include:extensive collection of germplasm,reveal of the applicable scope,regional planning and development potential of grass and taping the comprehensive potential,improvement of yield,quality and stress resistance by means of breeding,technology of cultivation and management,systematic evaluation of beneficial and ecological effects and establishment of evaluation system.Keywords：bioenergy grass;marginal land;production potential0|7|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：The study of energy grass with saline-alkali tolerance not only promote the development of relevant biomass energy industries,but also is good for the quality improvement of marginal lands and increase their utility efficiency.The current research status of energy grass,characteristics of seed germination,development and physiological characteristics under salt stress and gene relating salt-tolerant cloning are summarized,as well as the potential of energy grass researches with saline tolerance are analyzed and prospected.Keywords：bioenergy grass;salt stress;seed germination;physiology;molecular level2|8|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：In this paper,research on woody raw material for biodiesel and its industrialization was reviewed.The status of woody oil resources,their selection criteria,the technologies to develop woody plants into feedstock for biodiesel production and their physical and chemical properties were surveyed.In addition to point out the problems in woody biodiesel raw material,this paper also analyzes the prospects on woody biodiesel raw material industrialization.It is important to take full use of non-cultivated land resources for planting woody bio-diesel raw material.Recommendations for developing woody feedstock for biodiesel were proposed,including the following countermeasures:1) Scientific and technological researches focusing on breeding,cultivation and efficient transformation should be strengthened.2) The industrial development policy system for improving the long cycle characteristics of resources,especially on promoting woody bio-diesel to enter the market should be continuously optimized;3) Scientific research on key technologies should be organized to strengthen scientific research.Finally,in order to promote the development of woody feedstock for biodiesel industry in a fast,healthy and orderly manner,the mode of operation in which leading enterprises build a base and the base with farmers planting,should be constructed.Keywords：bio-diesel;woody feedstock;industrialization prospect0|6|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Based on a comprehensive literature review of research on the woody-based oil species Pistacia Chinensis Bunge,this paper summarizes the development and findings of this research,in terms of the main biological characteristics,physiological adaptability,cultivation,and exploitation and utilization.The paper discusses existing issues of development and concludes that further study on selection and breeding,cultivation and management,integration of production,study and research should be conducted.The paper also describesthe direction of future research and development along these lines.11|7|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Jatrophacurcas is a multi-purpose quick-growing tree species that is drought-resistant and barren-resistant,and is the main raw material for production of bioenergy,biopesticide and biomedicine.At present,the forest biological resources including J.curcas are highly valued in China,and have seen rapid development.The research summary of J.curcas could provide a reference for the comprehensive development and utilization of energy plants.This paper summarizes and analyzes the research progress and the current situation of exploitation of J.curcas in China from the following three aspects:the general situation of J.curcas resources’ development in China,including the growth habit,resource distribution,and research history etc;the current situation of basic research,including the biologic characteristics,reproductive and ecological characteristics,seed biological characteristics,good-seed breeding and cultivation physiological ecology etc;and the research on cultivation techniques,including the division of ideal habitat,good-seedling breeding,afforestation techniques,and main plant diseases and insect pests.The existing problems in the research and development of J.curcas in China and its development modelare detailed and relevant suggestions are put forward.Keywords：J.curcas;research progress;exploitation5|6|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Oil palm is an important tropical woody tree species for biomass energy.It possesses the characteristics of long fruiting stage,high yield and oil content.With the increase of crude oil prices,the development of biodiesel is receiving more attention.Palm oil is a very promising and competitive raw material for producing biodiesel due to low production cost.In this paper,we summarize the main characteristics of oil palm including palm oil production,trade,consumption of the world and in China.The importance,feasibility and prospects of developing an oil palm industry in China is also discussed.Keywords：oil palm;biomass energy;biodiesel1|7|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Because of the abundant biodiesel and saponin in the seed,Sapindusmukorossi has attracted much attention in China as a source of non-food plant biomass fuel.The timber of Sapindus also has important economic value.However,the study on cultivation techniques of Sapindus is still at the very beginning.This review summarizes the current knowledge on the potential biodiesel tree Sapindus,including germ plasm resource,variety breeding,seedling cultivation,cultivation techniques and processing technology.The conclusion shows that the lack of superior varieties,backward seeding & cultivation techniques and high-cost are the main problems impeding the progress of Sapindus industry.Keywords：Sapindus;biodiesel;germ plasm resource;seedling technique;cultivation technique1|5|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：As a clean,renewable energy source,the importance of biomass energy has been highly recognized.The lack of biomass raw materialcreates a bottleneck for bio-energy developments.In recent years Xanthocerassorbifolia Bungehas been widely recognized as a potential bio-fuel plant.In order to improve the understanding of the breeder about the cultivation and breeding,genetic improvement,exploitation and utilization of X.sorbifolia,this paper introduces resource distribution;the key technique of sexual and asexual reproduction,research progress on variation and fine variety breeding,characteristics and molecule mechanism of flowering and fruit setting;proposes methods of preventing flowers and fruits dropping,analyzes the factors affecting production;summarizes the research progress on chemical components,exploitation and utilization;analyzes the factors affecting oil content,the methods to improve it,and the physicochemical index of X.sorbifolia seed oil and bio-fuel;compares the oil yield and extraction rate,the advantages and disadvantages of different oil extraction and bio-fuel production techniques;introduces yield status and economic benefits,summarizes the reasons for low yield,and puts forward ways to resolve low yield issues.4|6|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：As one of the world's ten largest oil crops,castor has broad utilization prospects based on its high economic value.This paper analyzes the current situation of high-yielding castor cultivation technology,summarizes the comprehensive utilization of castor and describes the development of castor biodiesel fuel.Castor salt resistance and the remediation of saline-alkali soil by castor cultivationis are also discussed,as well as the potential of China's cultivation of castor.In this paper, recommendation for castor research and industrial development were also proposed, including the castor surrey and zoning in suitable planting area, the investigation and innovation of germplasm resources, high-yielding cultivation technology of castor in low quality and non-farming soil, preparation process of castor biodiesel fuel, comprehensive utilization research of castor, sustainable development and security system of castor industry.Keywords：castor;cultivation technology;comprehensive utilization;development potential1|6|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Sustainable feedstock supply is the basis of biodiesel industry development.Consequently,it is very important to understand the characteristics and distribution of non-food biodiesel plant (NFBP) resources and the physicochemical property of the vegetable oil and their methyl esters (MEs) for the development of nonfood biodiesel feedstock production.Samples of thirty-seven plant species (seeds or kernels) which were plentifully distributed in Shaanxi province were collected and analyzed chemically.The result showed that the oil content varied between 10.0% and 62.8% and the iodine value,acid value,and saponification value of the exacted oil varied,respectively,between 43.43 and 129.44 g/100 g,between 1.89 and 57.92 mg/g,between 124.18 and 367.00 mg/g.Based on these tested data,5 parameters closely related to the fuel quality were calculated using regression models described in various literature.The results showed that the cetane number,kinematic viscosityof the vegetable oil MEs varied between 34.86 and 63.08,between 2.67 and 4.19 mm2/s;and the MEs density,high heating values,cold filter plugging point varied between 833.94 and 884.22 kg/m3,between 33.40 and 42.91 kJ/g,between -13.10 and 15.60 ℃,respectively.Ultimately,11 species were selected according to the preliminary evaluation standard of NFBP.The comprehensive evaluation of oil yield,adaptability and resistance ofthe screened 18 speciessuggested that the Prunusdavidiana Carr.,Magnolia of icinalis Rehd.et Wils and Ligustrumlucidum Ait could all be promising oil plants to bedeveloped in North China.Keywords：oil plant;energy plant;plant resource;iodine value;acid value;saponification value;fatty acid0|6|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：In order to effectively evaluate and screen no-food biodiesel plant (NFBP) resources,nine characteristics of NFBP were evaluated comprehensively using the grey system analysis and the independibility weight was introduced in this study.The result showed that the weight coefficients varied from 0.090 to 0.136 and the first two highest weight coefficients were iodine value (0.136) and heating value (0.120).While the weight coefficients of other 7 indicators including the oil content,acid value,kinematic viscosity,cetane number,density,cold filter clogging temperature as well as the seed yield were all stable at 0.10.The equal-weight and weighting coefficients between the 23 oil species which satisfied the NFBP standards well and the simulated ideal specie were calculated and used for further screening.The result further exhibited that the equal-weight coefficient varied from 0.9065 to 0.9851 and the top species were Prunus davidiana Carr.(γ=0.985 1),Cephalotaxus sinensis Li.(γ=0.984 2) and Prunus salicina Linn.(γ=0.983 9),respectively.Comparatively,the weighting coefficient varied from 0.912 6 to 0.984 9 and the top three species were Prunus davidiana Carr.(γ=0.984 9),Prunus salicina Linn.(γ=0.983 9) and Cephalotaxus sinensis Li.(γ=0.983 7),respectively.Clerodendrum trichotomum Thunb.performed the poorest property compared to the rest species based on both methods.For the 23 plant species,the results of the two ranking methods were highly significantly (P<0.01) correlated with a correlation coefficient of 0.998.Our results also demonstrated that the 9 evaluation indicators generally reflected the NFBP property and that the equal-weight grey system analysis could be directly used for NFBP evaluation and screening.Keywords：oil plant;energy plant;plant resource;grey related degree;comprehensive evaluation1|8|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：The non-food plant resources for biodiesel were surveyed by the range reconnaissance and resourcing approaches in Songnen Grassland.There were 75 species of halophytes in 20 families and 54 genera.Distribution of the non-food plant resource for biodiesel families and the energy plants genera showed that the flora had a diverse geographical characteristic with an overwhelming numbers in temperate regions.Over 70% of the majority of families were Cosmopolitan.North Temperate was the maximum type genera (25.93%),Old World Tropics and E.Asia were the maximum type species.The faunistic component is NC:18.92%,NEP:22.64%,EMS:19.59%,DA:18.92%,NE:19.93%,respectively.Keywords：plant resource for biodiesel;floristic analysis;Songnen grassland1|6|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：The aim of this report is to review the research of camelina which was considered as a potential biodiesel plant and analyze its prospects.The biological characteristics,cultivated character,breeding,drought resistance and pest-resistant are firstly reviewed,and then the report focuses on presenting the physicochemical properties of camelina seed oil and methyl ester,and the possibility of the research progress of using its oil for producing biodiesel fuel.Finally,the prospects of camelina are analyzed and our recommendations for effective future research and utilization of camelina seed oil in China are offered according to the current factors that limit the development of camelina.Keywords：bioenergy;biodiesel plant;camelina;research progress1|6|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Microalgae technology for carbon consolidation and sustainable bioenergy production has been focused by governments,academia and industries of many countries due to its unique advantages,including CO2 sequestration,renewable energy production,and environmental remediation.This paper summarized an overview of the published research and development in microalgae technology.Related investigations of microalgae technology in China has been reviewed.An outlook for the development directions of China's microalgae technology during the Twelfth Five-Year Plan period has been discussed.Keywords：microalgae;bioenergy;carbon consolidation1|6|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：An experimental apparatus for anaerobic digestion was designed for simultaneous evaluation of multiple samples.In order to evaluate the performance of the apparatus,the maize stalk samples of ND608,ND627,ND691,XY335,high oil hybrid ND5580 and Teosinte were employed for biogas production.The results indicated that anaerobic atomsphere in the apparatus can be maintained.At 37 ℃,anaerobic digestion started after 10 h of sample loading and bubbles generated which could be considered as initiate biogas production.The reaction time could continuously last for about 40 days.The volumetric content of produced methane was ranged from 64.09% to 65.55% among six samples.The average content of CO2 was ranged from 28.80% to 31.60%.The methane yields of Teosinte and high oil hybrid ND5580 were higher than normal maize (ND608,ND627,ND691,XY335).The newly designed apparatus could be used for the evaluation of biogas production performance for large number of samples.Keywords：biogas;anaerobic digesion;apparatus;stalk;energy maize0|6|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
