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- Abstract：Different hybrids and haploid inducers were used as female and male materials to observe the twin-seedling induction from the hybrid kernels crossed with maize haploid inducers.The results showed that the average frequency of twin-seedlings from three hybrids crossed with CAUHOI-1 was 0.15%,while the average haploid rate was 3.38%,and no twin-seedling was found from the selfed progeny.Furthermore,26 twin-seedlings were found in 45 diallel hybrids pollinated with two haploid inducers,CAUHOI-1 and CAU79,of which 23 twin-seedlings were from the progeny of CAUHOI-1.These indicated that twin-seedling induction,which was similar to haploid induction,was mainly stimulated by the haploid inducers with some degree influences from the female parents,but the two induction rates performed inconsistent trend.Most of the twin-seedlings were diploid-diploid and a few of haploid-haploid,no haploid-diploid was found.SSR analysis showed that both seedlings in one twin-seedling had same genotype,and some have different agronomic performances.Keywords：maize;haploid;inducer;twin seedling;symmetric cell division5|8|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：This paper aimed at cloning two pectin methylesterase genes-GhPME1 and GhPME2,in order to provide assistance to study the role of the pectin metabolism in the development of cotton fibers.The cDNA of GhPME1 and GhPME2 was amplified by RACE and the characteristics were analyzed by the bioinformatics software.The lengths of the nucleotide sequence for the open-reading frame of GhPME1 and GhPME2 were 1 704 and 1 752 bp respectively,encoding a polypeptide of 567 and 582 amino acids.RT-PCR and real time-PCR analysis showed that in the upland cotton fibers,the maximum expression level of GhPME1 and GhPME2 was at 9 DPA (Day Post Anthesis) and 4 DPA,falling down after that.However,in Sea Island cotton fibers development,GhPME1 and GhPME2 showed a gradual upward trend,expression peak was in 29 and 24 DPA.The difference of expression patterns of GhPME1 and GhPME2 in cotton fibers from different genotype of cotton,providing a preliminary proof for the difference of cotton fiber quality which relates to genotype.Keywords：cotton fibers;pectin methylesterase;gene expression2|7|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Transgenic wheat variety XiNong 1376 containing the plant defensin gene alfAFP and antimicrobial peptide gene spCEMA fusion gene were obtained using cotransformation with bar as a selective marker via biolistics.In total,269 plantlets were generated through screening,and 188 of which were alive after vernalization.Leaf genome DNA PCR array showed that 7 co-transformed plants were obtained,and the frequency of co-integration was 0.1%.Studies also illustrated that the shortened time of the bar gene screening process did not significantly reduce the efficiency of PPT screening.Keywords：wheat;transgenic;gene fusion;co-transformation4|11|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
Spatial characteristics of production advantages of three major grain crops at county scale in China
Abstract：Exploring the spatial characteristics of production advantages of major grain crops will significantly benefit the strategy decision of food security in China.Based on the sown areas and yields of rice,wheat and corn at a county level in 2006,the spatial characteristics of relative efficiency advantage (REA),relative scale advantage (RSA) and relative comparative advantage (RCA) were studied in this paper.The results showed that there were clear spatial layout characteristics in the relative production advantages of the three major grain crops in China,and that great differences in the spatial layout existed between the REA and RSA.However,according to the integrated assessment,higher RCA of rice area locates in South,East and Centre China with values of 1.45,1.30 and 1.14,respectively.Higher RCA of wheat area locates in Northwest and North China,where the RCA reaching 1.33 and 1.02,respectively.Higher RCA of corn area locates in North and Northeast China,the corresponding values reaching 1.43 and 1.37,respectively.The allocation of production of China should abide by reciprocal advantages.It is demonstrated that more efforts should be performed on optimizing the grain production plan based on the regional relative comparative advantage of different crops,so as to ensure food security in China.Keywords：food security;regional layout;county level;relative advantage7|8|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27- Abstract：In order to investigate the effects of sowing dates and varieties on the growth,development and yield of summer maize,the experiments with three sowing dates and three varieties of Jiyuan 1(early-maturing),Zhengdan 958(middle-maturing),Nongda 108(late-maturing),were conducted in Shangzhuang experiment station of China Agricultural University in Beijing from 2008 to 2009.The results showed that the growth period of summer maize was shortened when the sowing date was put off.The growth period could be shortened by 0.2-0.6 days when the sowing date was delayed for one day.Postponing the sowing date of summer maize resulted in increase of the ratio of ear height to plant height,but the stem diameter for both early-maturing and middle-maturing varieties.The change was not significant for late-maturing variety.The parameters of maximum leaf area index,the aboveground dry matter,leaf area duration and grain yield were all low under late sowing of summer maize.The decrease of grain yield of late-maturing variety was greater than the early-maturing.The grain yield of Nongda 108 decreased by 40.7%-41.6%,and Jiyuan 1 by 22.2%-27.7%.It is evident that the varieties and sowing dates are both very important factors to growth of summer maize in North China Plain.Early sowing is benefit to build high-yield group of maize.Zhengdan 958 shows high yield advantage than others under the same management measures.9|7|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：This research was to study the suitable conditions for anther culture of strawberry (Fragaria ananassa Duch.).The investigated impacts included the effects of different cold pretreatments,inflorescences and hormone concentrations on callus induction and differentiation in anther culture of strawberry.The results indicated that maintenance of moist surface of bud could improve the callus induction rate of anther culture during the cold pretreatment at 4℃.The most appropriate duration was 72 hours.For the cultivation of over-wintering strawberry in Beijing,the first and the second inflorescences were more suitable for anther culture than the third and the fourth on callus induction and differentiation.The suitable medium for callus induction was obtained.The callus induction rates of ‘Sweet Charlie' and ‘Akihime' were 91.67% and 87.68%,respectively.The best medium for differentiation was found.The differentiation rates of ‘Sweet Charlie' and ‘Akihime' were 19.10% and 10.59%.Totally,688 (including 445 ‘Sweet Charlie' and 243 ‘Akihime' plants) anther derived plants were obtained through this experiment.In the analysis of ‘Sweet Charlie',diploids covered (2n=8x=56) 90.43%,haploids (2n=4x=28) 7.62% and the others were aneuploids among the 445 regenerated plants.For ‘Akihime',diploids covered 93.42%,haploids 4.32% and the others were aneuploids among the 243 regenerated plants.A high frequency induction system of strawberry was established by anther culture and haploid plants were obtained.Keywords：strawberry;anther culture;haploid breeding7|8|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：To clone the full-length cDNA of GhAOC and analyze the expression patterns of GhAOC and the effect on the biosynthesis of jasmonic acid.The full length cDNA of GhAOC was cloned in Gladiolus hybridus‘Rose Supreme'corms by RT-PCR and RACE.The technology of gene gun bombardment was used to analyze the sub-cellular localization of GhAOC.The real time RT-PCR was used to analyze the expression pattern of GhAOC.A full-length cDNA named GhAOC encoding a key enzyme of the biosynthesis of jasmonic acid was cloned in Gladiolus.The open reading frame encompassed 735 bp encoding a polypeptide of 244 amino acids with calculated protein molecular mass of 26.52 ku.The sub-cellular localization analysis indicated that GhAOC was a chloroplast protein.Real time RT-PCR analysis showed that GhAOC gene was expressed in leaf,flower,root,stolon,corm and cormel,and the relatively high expression level of GhAOC was observed in corm and cormel.Meanwhile,the expression level and the endogenous MJ content in corms steadily increased under MJ treatment with a raising concentration gradients from 0.1 mmol/L to 0.5 mmol/L.Based on the results of our pilot study,the expression of GhAOC promoted the the biosynthesis of jasmonic acid in Gladiolus hybridus.3|7|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Fig is an ancient fruit tree species with important economic value.Along with the development of fruit tree molecule biology,there are more and more such studies on figs,and one important area is the expression level of functional genes.RNA isolation and internal reference gene selection for semi-quantitative RT-PCR are key steps in gene expression studies.In this paper,fig root,stem,young leaf and young fruit were sampled.RNA isolation methods,i.e.Trizol and CTAB,were compared for their RNA extraction results.RNA quality results indicated that CTAB method had better performance in fig RNA isolation.Using fig RNA extracted with CTAB method from different tissues,after reversing transcription and the gain of the first strand cDNA,we studied the expression of three house-keeping genes to evaluate their feasibility as internal reference for semi-quantitative RT-PCR.Among of these three genes,18S rRNA showed rather high and stable expression level in four different tissues,while Tubulin revealed relatively low but stable expressions.The expression of Actin demonstrated differentiated expression in four different organs.Thus,18S rRNA and Tubulin were suggested as internal references.This study lays the ground for future study of gene expression in fig by semi-quantitative RT-PCR.Keywords：fig;RNA extraction;internal reference gene;semi-quantitative RT-PCR8|7|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：In order to study the contents and anti-oxidation of flavonoids,five species of Roses planted in Beijing were investigated.From the Roses,the optimum extraction condition of flavonoids was determined by orthogonal design and the scavenging activities.The results showed that the optimum extraction conditions for Roses flavonoids were as follows:ethanol concentration was 65%,extraction temperature was at 70℃,extraction time was 1.5 h and ratio of liquid to solids was 30 mL:1 g;Miaofengshang had the hightest content of flavonoids which up to 66.040 mg/g.Anti-oxidation experiments showed that flavonoids from the five species of Roses had very strong scavenging capabilities for superoxide anion and DPPH free radical.The scavenging capability of Miaofengshang among these species was the strongest,and its IC50 values of superoxide anion and DPPH free radical were 0.067、0.136 mg/mL respectively,but its anti-oxidant activity was slightly lower than VC.Keywords：flavonoids;Roses;extraction;anti-oxidation6|7|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：High performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method was applied to research the influence of Coronatine(COR) treatments of different concentrations on active ingredients of Lonicera japonica.The proper concentrations on different positions of Lonicera japonica have been confirmed which supply theoretical basis for exploitation.The results indicated that COR treatments of different concentrations had a certain impact on the main compound contents of flowers,old leaves and new leaves in Lonicera japonica:1) Concentration of 0.010 μmol/L has increased 19.75% and 13.80% respectively on the contents of chlorogenic acid and rutin in honeysuckle flower,and the overall trend was promoted at a low concentration;2) Concentration of 1.000 μmol/L has increased the contents of chlorogenic acid,coffeic acid,luteolin-7-o-glucoside,isochlorogenic acid A and C in old leaves with 49.72%,28.57%,56.64%,72.78% and 49.08% respectively,and the high concentration had a stimulation effect;3) Concentration of 1.000 μmol/L has increased 16.83% on the content of isochlorogenic acid A and has a stimulation effect on luteolin-7-o-glucoside and the total ingredients.It was concluded that COR treatments of 0.010 and 1.000 μmol/L can be applied to honeysuckle flowers and leaves of Lonicera japonica respectively.Keywords：Lonicera japonica;high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC);coronatine;chlorogenic acid;luteolin-7-o-glucoside4|7|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：This paper is concerned on the disease resistant mechanism of apple bot canker (Botryosphaeria dothidea (Moug.) Ces.et de Not.).The experiment was carried with utilization of the seedings derived from a hybrid population (Jonathan×Golden Delicious) with various disease resistance as test materials.The bark lenticel densities of branches were determined between different seedings.The changes of the lignin were monitored following infection of B.dothidea.The ultrastructural changes on the vaccination site was observed by scanning electron microscope.The bark lenticel density in 20 different seedings indicates that,in this segregating population,there was no significant correlation between bark lenticel density and bot canker disease index.Neither the resistant nor the susceptible apple stem was infected through lenticels by infection hyphae,but the tumorigenicity of the resistant ones was weak.Lignin content in all materials increased due to infection.The resistance materials had significant higher lignin content than that of the susceptible materials.The sharpincrease of lignin might be related to the host disease resistance.It was evident that the resistant performance in this hybrid(Jonathan×Golden Delicious) was not because of the curb to the pathogen invasion,but because of inducing in cortex lignin accumulation,and preventing the pathogen from expanding in the host.4|7|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：In order to find out the resistance of Prunus davidiana var.potaninii Rehd to crown gall disease,the seedlings were used as materials to study the resistance of Prunus davidiana var.potaninii Rehd to A.tumefaciens and A.rhizogenes,applying the method of artificial inoculation.The results showed that Prunus davidiana var.potaninii Rehd was excellent germplasm resource resisting to crown gall disease.In 60 days after inoculation,the range of the maximum tumor diameter of inoculation seedlings to A.tumefaciens Conn was 0~10.1 mm with 2.7 mm on average,while it was 0~11.6 mm to A.rhizogenes Conn with 3.0 mm on average.According to the resistance evaluation standard of Prunus davidiana var.potaninii Rehd to Crown Gall Disease,it highly resisted to A.tumefaciens Conn and it was separated into 6 types,including being immune,highly resistant,moderately resistant,low resistant,susceptible and highly susceptible and their corresponding percentages were 35%,26%,19%,13%,6% and 1% respectively.There were also the same 6 types to A.rhizogenes Conn,and the corresponding percentages were 27%,35%,15%,13%,8% and 2% respectively.3|6|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：In order to study the effects of sodium chlorite (SC) on enzyme browning reaction and curing quality,the PPO activity,polyphenol content,chemical composition,smoking quality and economic characters of cured leaves of K326 were investigated.The results indicated that changes of PPO activity of tobacco leaves treated with SC and the control tobacco leaves were similar,but PPO activity of tobacco leaves treated with SC was lower than control tobacco leaves.The scopoletin and chlorogenic acid contents of middle leaves treated with SC were higher than the control leaves,but there was no significant difference of total polyphenol contents between SC treated and the control leaves.The chlorogenic acid,neochlorogenic acid,cryptochlorogenic acid,rutin and total polyphenol contents were higher than the control leaves.SC increased the chlorine and reducing sugar contents obviously,and made the chemical composition more coordinated.SC improved the smoking quality slightly,and increased the economic characters obviously.In conclusion,SC inhibited the enzymatic browning reaction and improved curing quality of flue-cured tobacco.Keywords：flue-cured tobacco;sodium chlorite;enzyme browning reaction;PPO4|7|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：The mechanism of the reactions between aqueous As (Ⅲ) and synthetic birnessite (δ-MnO2) particles was studied.The experimental results at pH 6 indicate that the depletion of As (Ⅲ) from solution is rapid within a few minutes.The oxidation product As (Ⅴ) is released quickly,while the release of the reduction product Mn (Ⅱ) is slightly slower.Under different initial As (Ⅲ) concentrations of 0.5,1.0,5.0,10.0 and 15 mg/L,the removal rates of As (Ⅲ) can reach 93.59%,92.56%,92.31%,89.15% and 87.17% respectively within 90 minutes during the reaction.High pH favored the adsorption of Mn(Ⅱ),but it disfavored the oxidation of As (Ⅲ) and adsorption of As (Ⅴ).Keywords：soil pollution;manganese oxide;As (Ⅲ);As (Ⅴ);oxidation;adsorption1|6|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：The aim of this study was to exploit new resources of cellulolytic bacteria and new cellulose genes for industrial processes.In this study,targeted bacteria were screened by CMC amended BHM medium and identified by Gram staining with 16S rDNA partial sequence alignment.After amplification of cellulase gene using primer pair P,it was ligated to pET-28a(+) in corresponding sites to construct prokaryotic expression vector.Heterogeneous expression was conducted in E.coli BL21(DE3) and verified by SDS-PAGE and enzyme detection.The Bacillus pumilus BY-1 with premium enzyme activity was successfully screened.Under the optimum condition of 55℃ in temperature and 7.45 in pH,the crude enzyme,reached the maximum enzyme activity at 0.921 6 μmol/(mL·min).Simultaneously,a new 1 851 bp cellulase gene bglC-BY with the structure of GH9/CBM3 was successfully cloned from this bacterial strain.After IPTG induction,SDS-PAGE verified the successful expression of bglC-BY with a mass of about 70 u and the enzyme activity was 0.541 3 μmol/(mL·min).Thus,a potential new strain and a new endoglucanase gene with premium activity can be provided for industrial processes.Keywords：cellulolytic microbes;screening;cellulase gene;cloning;expression2|8|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：In order to determine the optimal pretreatment condition of soluble sugar in corn stover and wheat straw,different factors were studied,Box-Behnken and RSM were used for the optimization of pretreatment and regression models were obtained.The results showed that the ratio of straw to water,water-bath temperature,extraction time and stored time had significant effects,P<0.05,on the yield of soluble sugar in corn stover and wheat straw.The optimal pretreatment condition of soluble sugar in corn stover is that the ratio of straw to water is 0.31 g/mL,water-bath temperature is 94℃,extraction time is 63 min,then the yield of soluble sugar in corn stover reach 3.85%.the optimal pretreatment condition of soluble sugar in wheat straw is that the ratio of straw to water is 0.33 g/mL,water-bath temperature is 95℃,extraction time is 58 min,then the yield of soluble sugar of wheat straw reach 3.39%.Keywords：corn stover;wheat straw;soluble sugar;anthrone sulfuric acid method;pretreatment;RSM5|6|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：To isolate a thermophilic bacterium strain with high degradation of organic substances,to promote the process of composting and to improve the quality of compost,this test was carried out by employing diluted plate count method,hydrolysis experiment for primary screening and enzyme activity method for secondary screening,thus a thermophilic bacterium strain HN-5 was isolated,which could degrade cellulose,protein and starch simultaneously.Its cellulose,amylase and protease activity were 7.308,13.296 and 76.136 U/mL respectively.The strain HN-5 was identified as Geobacillus primarily based on its morphological characteristics,some physiological characteristics and 16S rDNA gene sequence.Its optimum temperature for growth was 60℃;optimum pH for growth was 6.0;HN-5 reached its maximum growth stage when the mass concentration of sodium chloride is 10 mg/mL and liquid medium volume is 10%(volume fraction).The isolate was inoculated in chicken manure+sawdust composting to test its effect.The results showed that the inoculation of HN-5 can promote the rising of composting temperature effectively and maintain the composting in thermophilic stage with longer time.Keywords：thermophilic bacteria;isolation;identification;Geobacillus;composting effect0|9|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Pyrolytic characteristics of three kinds of manures (swine,cattle and chicken) were investigated,respectively,under highly pure N2 circumstance using a thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) with differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) detector.At the same time,different heating rates (10,20 and 50℃/min) were used for chicken manure to investigate the influence of heating rate on pyrolytic characteristics.The particle size of samples was 0.5 mm and the temperature range was from room temperature to 1 000℃.The results indicate that the pyrolytic process of manures mainly includes three stages:water losing stage,main weight loss stage (126-438℃) and carbonization stage.There are obvious discrepancies on DTG and DSC curves of different samples with different heating rates of chicken manure.However,it seems that the DSC curve of each sample is corresponded well with its DTG curve.Based on Coats-Redfern method,the kinetic parameters were obtained by the reaction order model and diffusion model.The largest regression coefficient represented the sample's reaction order and mechanism.The calculated values of activation energy for chicken manure,cattle manure and swine manure are 73.4(average value),88.5 and 114.2 kJ/mol,respectively.Keywords：animal manure;pyrolytic mechanism;reactive kinetics;TG-DTA analysis0|6|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Using chicken manure and sawdust as materials,the high-temperature aerobic composting was conducted to study the effect of different proportion of chicken manure and sawdust on carbon and nitrogen transformation.The initial carbon-nitrogen ration of composting materials were 15,25 and 40,respectively,labeled as T1,T2,and T3.The results showed that:1) When the initial C/N was 25,the compost reached the highest temperature 66℃ after 3 days.2) The pH value of T1,T2 and T3 appeared to have the same trend of rise first and then fall.3) When the compost was maturity,total carbon of T1,T2,and T3 were declined somehow.During composting,total nitrogen of T2,and T3 showed a trend of increase,but T1's total nitrogen decreased at first,but increased later,then decreased slightly at last.At the end of composting,the C/N of T1,T2,and T3 all decreased somehow,but the T1 had a special trend of increase first and decrease later.4) When the compost was maturity,the NH4+-N of T1,T2,and T3 decreased 44.12%,74.37%,56.83% respectively,and the NO3--N increased 855.72,731.68 and 532.23 mg/kg respectively.The above results indicated that co-composting of chicken manure and sawdust in C/N of 25 is a favorite condition to the transformation of carbon and nitrogen;adding sawdust into chicken manure had an objective effect on temperature of co-composting in low C/N of 15.5|7|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：In order to treat waste superovulation by the large-scale cultivation in Jiangsu Province,which may cause serious environmental pollution and a massive waste of nutrient resource,emissions of CH4 and N2O from the paddy fields were measured in situ by using the method of static chambers and gas chromatographic techniques,and the greenhouse effect of CH4 and N2O was assessed by using global warming potential (GWP).The field experiment results clearly demonstrated that the GWP and GWP per unit yield were significantly increased by 385.5% and 422.4% under pig manure (100% PM) treatment,and by 218.2% and 228.4% under half pig manure and half chemical fertilizer (50% PM) treatment compared to chemical fertilizer (NPK) treatment,respectively.This can be explained that the value of CH4 emission from 100% PM and 50% PM treatments was significantly greater than that from NPK treatment,although the emissions of N2O from the paddy fields were significantly lower for 100% PM and 50% PM than that for NPK treatment.While,compared with NPK treatment,the values of GWP and GWP per unit yield were decreased by 27.8% and 29.5% under biogas slurry (100% PS) treatment,and by 15.4% and 18.8% under half biogas slurry and half chemical fertilizer (50% PS) treatment,respectively.Mainly for the reason that lower N2O emissions were obtained under 100% PS and 50% PS treatments compared with NPK treatment.As far as GWP,lower greenhouse effects are obtained in 100% PS and 50% PS treatments,while the breeding waste is reused in paddy fields in the rice-wheat rotation system.Keywords：pig manure;biogas slurry;chemical fertilizer;paddy fields;greenhouse gas7|7|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of castration on blood routine tests results and hormone level in white Leghorn and Shouguang roosters using the SYSMEX-XS-800i hematology analyzer and r-911 automatic RIA counter.roosters.The results show that,castration significantly decreases peripheral red blood cell count,hemoglobin,testosterone (T) concentrations,hematocrit and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration for both white Leghorn roosters or Shouguang roosters regardless castration at 9 wks (early) or 17 wks (late,P<0.01).On the other hand,serum estrogen (E2) concentrations were significantly higher (P<0.05) in the early castrated roosters,compared with control groups in both species..These results indicate that castration will changed the results ofblood routine tests and hormone level in white Leghorn and Shouguang roosters,which may affect the phenotypes of the castrated roosters.Keywords：Roosters;castration;blood;hormones5|6|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：The CLIC5 gene (chloride intracellular channel 5) has been proved to be one of the major genes regulating cell biology,however,the molecular mechanism underlying the expression regulation is not clear.PCR was used to amplify the promoter region from mouse DNA and cloned into pGL3-basic vector to construct CLIC5 promoter reporter.Serial deletions of CLIC5 promoter reporters were constructed by DNA blunting method.HEK-293 cell line was used for transfection,and the dual-luciferase reporter assay system was used to identify the core promoter.Bioinformatic analysis and luciferase reporter assay indicated that,CLIC5 promoter contained classical GC box as well as other putative transcriptional factor binding sites though lacking TATA box,its-329~+1,-624~+1,-917~+1,-2 230~+1 truncated fragment exhibited the higher transcriptional activity,and its-624 to+1 region showed the maximal transcriptional activity.Its-624 to-329 region existed potential inhibitory motifs that had varying degrees of inhibition of transcriptional activity.RXR heterodimer binding sites and GC-Box factors Sp1/GC might be involved in the transcriptional regulation of CLIC5 gene.In addition,there is a CpG island located in the region of-420~-283.Keywords：CLIC5;expression regulation;promoter;transcriptional factor;CpG islands3|6|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of high voltage electrostatic field ageing on meat quality of beef.Six psoases major of left carcass of Simmental cattle were selected.Each sample was divided into two equal parts.One part was treated by high voltage electrostatic field aging (treatment group) and the other part was treated by normal aging (control group).Meat color,lipid peroxides(PV)and Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances(TBARS)were measured at 0,4,8,12,24,48 and72 h,and pH,Warner-Bratzler-Shear (WBS) and cooking loss were detected after 72 h aging.There is no significant differences in pH and cooking loss between the two treatments after 72 h aging.The Warner-Bratzler-Shear was significantly lower (P<0.01) in treatment group (1.99 kg) than in control group (2.74 kg) at 72 h.The L and a* values of the beef is higher in treatment group than control group at all aging times except for 0 h.Compared with control group,the L values in treatment group were significantly higher at 12 and 72 h (P<0.05),and the a* values in treatment group were significantly higher at 4,8,12 and 24 h (P<0.05).The values of PV and TBARS were increased gradually during ageing time.Except for 0 hour,the values of PV and TBRAS were lower in treatment group than in control group.After 8 hour aging,the values of PV and TBRAS were significantly lower (P<0.05) in treatment group than in control group at other ageing hours.After ageing 72 h,the values of PV and TBARS in treatment group were 226.96 and 104.42 μmol/kg,and in control group were 330.20 and 142.14 μmol/kg.In conclusion,the high voltage electrostatic field aging can improve the tenderness,meat color,and prevent lipid oxidation of beef,which will be helpful for meat quality and shelf time.Keywords：beef;high voltage electrostatic field aging;tenderness;meat color;antioxidation0|6|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：In order to effectively identify the key parameters of crop models and reduce the inapplicability of model simulation,the Extend Fourier Amplitude Sensitivity Test (EFAST) was used to analyze the global sensitivity of CERES-Wheat model parameters in Shangzhuang experimental station of China Agricultural University in Beijing.The sensitivity of crop,soil and field management parameters was analyzed.The results of the sensitivity analysis showed that standard kernel size under optimum conditions had the greatest impact on the simulation wheat yields among crop cultivar parameters while lamina area to weight ratio of phase 2 was the most significant one in crop ecotype parameters.For soil parameters,nitrogen mineralized factor was the most critical input.The amount of nitrogenous fertilizer,planting date,fertilization date and planting depth among all of field management parameters had the most significant influence on the simulation results.The research showed that the global sensitivity analysis based on EFAST had guiding significance for crop model correction and provided reference for parameter selection and crop model optimization.Keywords：CERES-wheat model;EFAST method;sensitivity analysis;key parameters3|6|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：In order to avoid subjective factors in the process of crop diseases intelligent diagnostic,and express the leaf information objectively and accurately,plant leaf image processing and analysis system for field crops was designed based on digital image processing and plant protection expert.The system consisted mainly of plant leaves geometric distortion correction module,geometric characteristics calculation module,the color recognition module and disease region identification module.Based on the Leaf images for nonlinear distortion correction,the geometric index and color index were calculated and the diseased spots were extracted.The experiment showed that the method satisfied the disease intelligent diagnosis with good adaptability and practicality.Keywords：plant leaves;recognition of diseased spots;image processing;geometric correction;color calculation1|7|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Effluent recirculation is widely used in the vertical flow constructed wetlands because of its advantage in nitrogen removal.However,the effect of recirculation in horizontal subsurface-flow constructed wetlands was insufficiently investigated.In this study,three sets of horizontal subsurface flow wetland systems including no recirculation (CW-1),recirculation with effluent to inlet (CW-2) and recirculation with effluent distributed on the first half part of the bed (CW-3),were built to investigate the performance of the wetlands under different recirculation types and ratios (1:1 and 10:1).The results show that,when the recirculation ratio of 1:1,the removal rates of NH4+-N and PO43--P in the wetlands with or without recirculation were 10% and 40%,respectively,and there was no significant difference in the wetlands with different recirculation types.The removal of TOC in CW-3 was 17% higher than that of CW-1;under the recirculation ratio of 10:1,the removal rates of NH4+-N,PO43--P and TOC in the constructed wetlands with recirculation were higher than that of the constructed wetlands with no recirculation by 13%,50% and 43%,respectively,and there was no significant difference between different types of recirculation;After the recirculation ratio was increased from 1:1 to 10:1,the removal rates of NH4+-N,PO43--P and TOC in the constructed wetlands with recirculation were higher than that under the condition of 1:1 recirculation for 10%,30% and 30%,respectively,and there was no significant difference between different recirculation types.Keywords：horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetlands;recirculation;recirculation ratio;nitrification;denitrification2|8|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Land surface model provides a suitable way for regional farmland soil moisture monitoring.Optimizing the grid scale of land surface model can improve computational efficiency by making the most effective use of spatial input information.In this study,we used the 1°×1°region (115.5-116.5°(E),38-39°(N)) in Haihe River Plain as the study area.The community land model (CLM3.0) was used to simulate soil moisture during the spring(March-May) of 2003 over 14 grid scales((1/120)-1°).With input data of a certain spatial precision,the optimized values of grid scale for land surface model were surveyed.The results showed that combination with spatial resolution of model input data,rounding errors in computer's floating-point calculations could be effectively reduced by an appropriate selection of grid scales.Unlimited fine grid scale did not improve modeling accuracy.An optimum grid scale for land surface model could be chosen based on the precision and range of soil sand percentage data,and the purpose of the simulation.The optimal grid scale was about 1.4-times the range of soil sand percentage data for average soil moisture in the region,around 28% of the range of soil sand percentage data for the regional spatial variability of soil moisture,around 19% of the range of soil sand percentage data for the regional spatial variability of soil moisture and the maximum value,and around the minimum spatial scale of soil sand percentage data for all spatial statistical features of soil moisture is required.0|6|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：The price transmission mechanism of the eggs supply chain in China was studied by designing a Market-chain Cooperated Model (MCM).Monthly price dates over the period from June 2000 to February 2012 were covered in this work which including legehenne compound feed,goods generation of chicks,Eggs wholesale price and retail price.The empirical results show the existence of a long-term cointegration relationship in the price system of eggs supply chain.The adjustment factor of each price in the system was less than 0.2,which meant that the price adjustment speed was very slow.Legehenne compound feed and eggs wholesale price both were the Granger causes of eggs retail price,but the eggs retail price was the only Granger cause of goods generation of chicks.Finally,we founded that the price of legehenne compound feed had the largest dynamic impact on eggs retail price and played an important role in the whole eggs supply chain.All of the findings implied that the government needed to increase the monitoring and warning for the prices in the supply chain,especially paid more attention to timely intervening and the control on the feed price.Keywords：eggs;supply chain;price transmission;price transmission mechanism;MCM;combined model0|6|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：In order to provide important information for decision-making of land use planning,the simulations of land use change were made for towns and villages.In this paper,a compound CA model was presented based on cellular automata model,Markov model,and the method of multi-criteria evaluation.Quantitative rule and spatial rule of land use change were defined and three aspects of land use change factors including natural environment,social economy and land use planning were analyzed in this model.With the model,the simulations of land use change in Beijing's Fangshan District were performed by taking towns and villages as the analysis units.The results show that the cultivated land and forest land decreased quickly.Farmland was seriously occupied by construction land.The land use distribution of the plain region in Fangshan District was with high variability.The research indicates that the method of multi-criteria evaluation can effectively avoid lots of mistaken spots in the simulation results.The study shows that the simulation results would be more reasonable when towns and villages were taken as the analysis units.Keywords：land use;simulation model;cellular automata;Markov;multi-criteria evaluation0|6|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：The purpose of this paper is to analyze the price patterns of the collective land,and explore the calculation method of collective land incremental value.The used data were from eight regions of Heilongjiang Province.The results indicated that there were three price patterns of collective land in the process of the rural land transference,including collective farmland price(18.32-50.98 YUAN/m2),collective construction land market price(55-206 YUAN/m2) and collective construction land non-market price (3.13-98.62 YUAN/m2).(The farmers recognized the non-market price of collective construction land).In the process of collective land trade,the land incremental values were obvious in the study areas.The incremental value of the collective commercial land,the collective construction land and the collective residential land were 37.62-153.64,67.85-130.57,54.16-253.64 YUAN/m2 respectively.The commercial attribute of the collective land became increasingly obvious.The difference among collective land incremental values was obvious in each study region of Heilongjiang Province.Collective land incremental value (177.77 YUAN/m2) was higher in Tiefeng with good location.Regional factors might be the main influencing factors of collective land incremental value.Keywords：collective land transference;price pattern;land incremental value;non-market price;regional factors0|6|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Based on the survey data of apple growers in Shangdong Province,the impact of farmers participation in the cooperatives on their behavior of pesticide use and the underlying mechanism herein were analyzed quantitatively.The results show that farmers' participation in the cooperatives enable them to have a significant decrease of pesticide application as much as 2 235 yuan/hm2.The underlying mechanism lies in the selective incentive system such as pesticide residues monitoring,control of pesticide use,the way of price determination,and production process monitoring.Specifically,when detection of pesticide residues is required by the cooperatives,improper application of pesticide is banned and monitored,or premium price is offered for quality products in the transaction,the farmers will reduce their use of pesticide at different levels.In addition,factors like the gender of the head of household and planting size affect pesticide application positively,on the contrary,factors like schooling of the head of household,annual net income of the household and the perception of pesticide hazard affect pesticide application negatively.Keywords：pesticide using;farmers' professional cooperatives;farmer;apple industry;influence mechanism;Shandong Province0|6|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
