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- Abstract：In order to improve the accuracy and applicability of different reference crops evapotranspiration empirical models in China and simplify the calculation method, the mean relative percentage error, standard deviation and other quantitative indicators were selected, and the maximum likelihood and the shortest distance method were used based on the daily surface observation data of 585 meteorological stations in China from 1961 to 2020(Data do not include those of HongKong, Macao and Taiwan regions. The same below). The Hargreaves-Samani(HS)model, Makkink(MK)method, Priestley-Taylor(PT)model, Hargreaves(Har)model and Mc Cloud(MC)model with Penman-Monteith model as the standard are compared and corrected at the monthly and annual scales. The results show that: 1)The average values of the mean relative percentage error at the monthly scale of all other models are less than 20% except the MC model before correction. The average values of the mean relative percentage error at the annual scale of both PT model and MC model is higher than 25%, indicating these two model display the lowest accuracy; 2)The average values of the mean relative percentage errors at the monthly and annual scales of the five models after correction are less than 8%, proving that the calculation accuracy is significantly improved. Among them, the PT model has the best correction effect, and average values of the mean relative percentage errors of the monthly and annual scales are both less than 3. 7%, which at reduced by more than 80% compared with that before correction; 3)After the cluster analysis by the shortest distance method, it is found that the Har model and MK model have the best correction effect after regional correction, and average values of the mean relative percentage errors of annual erapotras piration value are 8% and 5. 1%, respectively. Therefore, the revised different reference crop evapotranspiration empirical models have higher nationwide applicability prospects.Keywords：reference crop evapotranspiration;models;empirical parameters;adaptation evaluation11|20|6<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2023-12-22
- Abstract：In order to explore the combination mode of high-efficiency straw returning method and nitrogen application rate, the response of maize straw decomposition and nitrogen release law to returning method and nitrogen fertilizer management in black soil area and its effect on maize yield and nitrogen use efficiency were clarified. Corn straw was used as the research object, and a field positioning test was set up in Siping City, Jilin Province for two consecutive years(2021 and 2022). Two straw returning methods, straw mulch(SM)and straw bury(SB), were determined by nylon mesh bag method. Under three different nitrogen application levels, no nitrogen fertilizer(N0), 180 kg/hm2(N1)and 270 kg/hm2(N2), the nylon mesh bag method was used to explore the straw decomposition rate and nitrogen release rate under the combinations of different straw returning methods and different nitrogen application rates. The results showed that the straw returning method and nitrogen application rate significantly affected the decomposition characteristics of straw. The average two-year cumulative decomposition rate of straw under SB treatment was 83. 0%, which was significantly higher than 65. 3% under SM treatment. Compared with N0 treatment, the straw decomposition rate of N1 and N2 treatments increased by 9. 8%. The two-year cumulative release rate of straw nitrogen under SB treatment was 62. 5%, which was significantly higher than that under SM treatment(46. 0%), and the cumulative release of straw nitrogen was 51 and 38 kg/hm2, respectively. Nitrogen application promoted straw nitrogen release, and the proportion of straw nitrogen release rate increased by 12. 5%. Straw returning method and nitrogen application rate significantly affected maize yield and plant nitrogen uptake, and also had interaction effect. The maize yield and plant nitrogen uptake under SBN2 treatment were the highest, which were 11 017. 0 and 184. 9 kg/hm2, respectively. The statistical analysis showed that there was a significant positive correlation between nitrogen application rate, straw nitrogen release, grain number per spike and maize yield and nitrogen uptake in SB treatment. Therefore, the combination of ploughing corn straw under soil and high nitrogen application rate can promote straw decomposition and nitrogen utilization of maize.Keywords：straw returning method;nitrogen application rate;decomposition;nitrogen release;maize yield16|25|12<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2023-12-22
- Abstract：Excessive manure application in vegetable production fields has led to soil phosphorus(P)accumulation and environmental risk. The impact of reducing P fertilizer and carbon source input on tomato yield, soil P surplus, soil chemical properties, and soil P availability were investigated. Field experiment was conducted in Shouguang with 4 treatments as follows: P fertilizer without rice husk(S0P52), rice husk with P fertilizer(S20P52), no rich husk and P(S0P0)and rice husk without P fertilizer(S20P0). The diffusive gradients in thin films technique(DGT)and biologically-based P(BBP)were used to measure soil P forms, combining with soil chemical properties and microbial biomass to explore the main factors affecting soil P availability. The result showed that: The soil P surplus has significant difference among treatments, ranged from 47. 3 to 153. 0 kg/hm2. Compared with the treatments without C input, C input in both S20P52 and S20P0 treatments significantly increased soil organic matter content by 1. 49 and 1. 66 times, respectively, as well as changed soil microbial activity and phosphatase activity. Under the condition of applying P fertilizer, the contents of TP, Olsen-P and DGT-P in the soil received C increased by 2. 15, 1. 66 and 2. 79 times, respectively, compared with the soil without C. Without P fertilizer, the contents of MBC, MBP and DGT-P in soil received C increased by 1. 46, 4. 99 and 2. 75 times, respectively. Meanwhile, the S20P0 treatment decreased the level of CaCl2-P while maintained P supply, thus reducing environmental risks. In conclusion, the measures for increasing C and reducing P fertilizer can ensure tomato yields and maintain the biological available P level and is recommended as the fertilization scheme for controlling P in intensive vegetable fields.Keywords：increased application of rice husk;controlled application of phosphate fertilizer;phosphorus availability;facility vegetable field;tomato yield8|23|1<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2023-12-22
- Abstract：In order to divide soybean heterotic groups and effectively guide parent improvement and reasonable combination, 100 core parents of hybrid soybean from Northeast China and abroad were divided into heterotic groups by SRAP molecular marker polymorphism and UPGMA cluster analysis. The results showed that: 1)A total of 2 135 bands were amplified by SRAP markers, among which there were 2 130 polymorphic bands. The percentage of polymorphic sites was 99. 76%. The number of polymorphic bands amplified by each primer combination was 137 to 204, with an average of 178. The polymorphic information content of the primers ranged from 0. 074 0 to 0. 153 7, with an average of 0. 125 7; 2)According to the genetic similarity coefficient 0. 450 0, the group I is divided into two subgroups, and group II is divided into two subgroups at the genetic similarity coefficient 0. 460 0. The maintainer line, which is mainly from Northeast China, is divided into group I, and the restorer line, which is mainly from the United States, is divided into group II; 3)Through the analysis of 13 parents of 10 approved strong heterosis hybrids, it was found that the genetic similarity between parents of hybrids was mostly 0. 329 2 to 0. 637 6; 4)The genetic diversity analysis of parent materials in different groups showed that the genetic diversity in group I and group II was similar, and the genetic diversity of subgroup I-1 and II-2 in the four subgroups was greater than that of subgroup I-2 and II-1; the results of principal coordinate analysis showed that there was a gap in genetic lineage between the two groups, and the genetic resources of group I were more abundant. To sum up, this study successfully divided the one hundred core parents of spring soybean hybrids into two heterotic groups based on SRAP molecular markers. Through intra-group analysis and inter-group validation of the parents of the approved hybrids, it was confirmed that there was a strong heterosis between the cross between group I Northeast China materials and group II foreign materials.Keywords：soybean;heterosis;SRAP molecular marker;heterotic group5|24|3<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2023-12-22
- Abstract：In order to investigate the effects of timely and early sowing on dry matter accumulation and distribution, yield and water use efficiency of spring soybean under drip irrigation under film, a split plot experimental design was adopted in 2021 and 2022. Four different sowing dates treatments were set as main area, which were treatment B1(04-03, 04-07), treatment B2(04-11, 04-14), treatment B3(04-19, 04-21)and treatment B4(normal sowing dates 04-27, 04-28). Two varieties, ‘Henong 71' and ‘Xindadou 27', were set as the secondary area. The leaf area index, population photosynthetic potential, dry matter accumulation distribution and transport, yield and water use efficiency of soybean were determined. The results show that: The growth process of B1 and B2 was 8-12 and 3-8 d earlier than that of B4, respectively. The total growth period was extended 7-14 and 2-8 d, and the maximum leaf area index was increased by 2. 12%-30. 70% and 9. 53%-19. 62%, respectively. The total photosynthetic potential increased by 2. 42%-32. 29% and 9. 58%-18. 78%, total dry matter accumulation increased by 2. 42%-32. 29% and 9. 58%-18. 78%, yield increased by 8. 70%-32. 90% and 13. 13%-21. 70%, and water use efficiency increased by 27. 27%-41. 49% and 22. 78%-35. 23%. Therefore, the sowing in early April is the suitable for spring soybean under drip irrigation under film in northern Xinjiang, which is beneficial to water saving and yield increasing.Keywords：sowing date;drip irrigation under film;spring soybean;dry matter;yield;water use efficiency6|24|4<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2023-12-22
- Abstract：To reveal the function of potato transcription factor StNAC043 gene, a potato transcription factor StNAC043 gene was cloned and transferred into potato ‘Dongnong 310' genome by agrobacterium-mediated method to overexpress the gene. After clonal propagation of transgenic plants, the root and stem growth indexes, chlorophyll relative content(SPAD)and fluorescence parameters(Fv/Fm and ETRmax)of transgenic lines were measured, and the downstream regulatory genes were verified by transcriptome sequencing combined with qRT-PCR. The results showed that the overexpression of StNAC043 gene significantly promoted the growth of roots and stems of transgenic potato, significantly increased the SPAD, Fv/Fm and ETRmax of transgenic plants, and the transcription factor StNAC043 regulated the expression of light-harvesting pigment binding protein genes StCAB1 and StCAB2. In conclusion, the potato transcription factor StNAC043 gene plays an important role in potato seedling growth and photosynthetic physiological regulation.Keywords：potato;transcription factor;StNAC;043;root;fluorescence parameters7|24|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2023-12-22
- Abstract：In order to investigate the safety of the herbicide cyhalofop-butyl on foxtail millet, foxtail millet variety ‘Zhangzagu 10' was taken as study material and 10% cyhalofop-butyl water emulsion was used as the test agent. Six different doses, which were 225(1/4×), 450(1/2×), 675(3/4×), 900(1×, recommended dose), 1 800 mL/hm2(2×)and control(CK, 0 mL/hm2), were designed to determine the agronomic traits and physiological and biochemical indicators of foxtail millet. The results showed that: The plant height, leaf area and stem diameter of foxtail millet decreased with the increase of spraying dose, and the plant height and leaf area of 1× and 2× were significantly lower than those of CK 45 d after spraying. At the initial stage of spraying, the activities of SOD and POD increased first and then decreased, the activities of CAT decreased first and then increased, and the content of MDA increased. With the prolongation of spraying time, the activities of SOD in 2×were significantly lower than that of CK, and the activities of POD, CAT and MDA were not significantly different from that of CK. 5 d after spraying, the contents of chlorophyll a(Chla), chlorophyll b(Chlb), carotenoid(Car)and total chlorophyll(Chla+b)in 1× were significantly higher than those in CK. 45 d after spraying, the contents of high concentration treatment(3/4×, 1×, 2×)were still significantly higher than CK. The contents of Chla, Chlb, Car and Chla+b in 2× increased by 29. 69%, 32. 66%, 20. 17% and 30. 52% respectively. The maximum photochemical efficiency(Fv/Fm), the apparent photosynthetic electron transfer rate of PSII(ETR), the actual photochemical efficiency of PSII(Y(II)), and the photochemical quenching coefficient(qP)all showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing 5 d after spraying. The ETR and Y(II)of 2× were significantly lower than CK. There was no significant difference between the non-photochemical quenching coefficient(NPQ)and CK. The NPQ of 2×increased by 19. 50% compared with that of CK 45 d after spraying. In summary, ‘Zhangzagu 10' displays strong tolerance to cyhalofop-butyl, and it is recommended to use 900 mL/hm2 in the field, which is safe for foxtail millet.Keywords：cyhalofop-butyl;Zhangzagu 10;agronomic traits;antioxidant enzyme activity;chlorophyll fluorescence parameters;yield6|22|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2023-12-22
- Abstract：In order to solve the limitations of lacking of crowd demand considerations and quantitative support of traditional park green space layout evaluation taking the central urban area of Hefei as the research object and aiming at the balance between supply and demand, the POI data was used to quantitatively analyze the distribution of park green space use subjects and activity intensity. An evaluation model of park green space layout with service capacity and demand evaluation as the core was constructed, and the empirical analysis was carried out. The results show that: The urban green space in Hefei City center has the characteristics of “multi-center and group-type” spatial imbalance; the overall layout and hierarchical setting of park green space cannot meet the needs of the population; There are differences and imbalances in the allocation of park green space resources in different regions. In view of these problems, this study puts forward suggestions to optimize the layout of park green space. In conclusion, the model comprehensively considers the supply and demand of urban park green space, quantifies the balance between supply and demand, and can provide effective decision support information for urban park green space layout.Keywords：POI data;park green space assessment;planning layout;Hefei4|22|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2023-12-22
- Abstract：In order to explicit the characteristic differences of soluble sugar composition and content of main chestnut varieties in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, comprehensively evaluate fruit sweetness, and provide a basis for the selection, cultivation and specific resource utilization of high sweetness varieties in chestnut industry. A total 32 main varieties of chestnut in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region were taken as materials. Eleven traits related to soluble sugar of chestnut at 40 days after harvest were systematically investigated by using the method provided in ‘Description Specification and Data Standard of Chestnut Germplasm Resources' and HPLC method. Correlation analysis, principal component analysis, membership function analysis, cluster analysis and quality evaluation were completed by SPSS 20. 0 software. The results show that: 1)The average soluble solids content of the main chestnut varieties in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region was 24. 33%, the average total sugar was 20. 80%, and the integral sweetness level was high. 2)All the 11 sweetness flavor indexes of chestnut fruit were significantly different among the main chestnut varieties, which could be used as an index for comprehensive evaluation of chestnut sweetness. The variation degree of total soluble sugar was significantly lower than that of each soluble sugar component and biochemical sweetness, and the difference in the composition and content of soluble sugars is the main source of the various sweet flavors of chestnut varieties. 3)There was no significant correlation between the six soluble sugar components in the correlation analysis, and the indexes were independent. 4)The 32 varieties were divided into three grades of different sweetness flavors: Nine high sweetness type(HS)varieties, and their D value was above 0. 50; Eighteen of medium sweet type(MS)varieties with D value of 0. 30-0. 50, and five sweet type(S)varieties, and their D value is below 0. 30. Through the above analysis and calculation, this study provides a basis for the classification and scientific utilization of the sweetness and flavor grade of the main chestnut varieties in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region.Keywords：chestnut;soluble sugar;biochemical sweetness;variance analysis;sweetness evaluation7|24|8<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2023-12-22
- Abstract：In order to explore the current situation and regional differences of organic tea product certification in China, based on the national certification and accreditation information public service platform, information on organic tea certification in China from 1998 to 2020 was collected and sorted. The spatial and temporal dynamic changes in the number of certificates, number of enterprises, certificate status, certified area and production were analyzed. The results show that: From 1998 to 2020, China's organic tea product certification displayed a growth trend. The number of certificates issued was consistent with the change trend of the number of certified enterprises, among which the cumulative number of certificates and the number of certified enterprises in Yunnan, Guizhou, Fujian and Anhui provinces were more than other provinces; Province with the highest number of organic tea certificate revocations is Shandong(17). Henan, Hainan, Gansu and Tibet 4 provinces(autonomous regions)has none organic tea certificate revocation. Gansu has the highest percentage of organic tea certificates expired and canceled, counting to 91. 67% of the total certificates. The national average number of consecutive years of organic tea certificate certification is 3. 69 years, among which Zhejiang and Jiangsu are the longest with 6. 42 years and 6. 20 years, respectively. In 2020, the organic tea certification area and production ranked first in China is Yunnan, with a certified area of 51. 91×103 hm2 and a certified production of 88 823. 26 t. The short organic tea industry chain in China, the unbalanced development between regions and short period of continuous certification have limited the development of organic tea industry. The government can maintain the healthy development of the organic tea industry by providing systematic policy support and strengthening organic agriculture education and publicity. Practitioners should extend the industrial chain and focus on brand value enhancement to achieve cost savings and increase income. Both the government and practitioners should work together to coordinate efforts in promoting “tea culture, tea industry, and tea technology. ” This collaborative approach will contribute to the overall well-being and sustainable development of the organic tea industry.Keywords：organic tea;certificates;effectiveness;tea industry7|22|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2023-12-22
- Abstract：In order to analyze the bioinformatics of chicken Indian hedgehog(IHH)gene and the specific expression of IHH gene in different tissues, a total of six healthy and strong chickens with similar weight were selected. The structure, promoter and CpG island of IHH gene were analyzed by bioinformatics, and the specific expression of IHH gene in chicken heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney, cartilage, hypothalamus, pectoral muscle, duodenum and thymus was detected by quantitative real-time PCR(qRT-PCR). At the same time, the similarity of IHH protein was compared. The physicochemical and structural characteristics of IHH protein were analyzed by bioinformatics. The results showed as follows: 1)The open reading frame of chicken IHH gene was 1 227 bp in length, which can encode 408 amino acids, and had 3 exons, 4 core promoter regions, and 1 CpG island. 2)IHH gene was were successfully amplified. IHH gene had different levels of expression in chicken tissues, with the highest relative expression in cartilage tissue and relatively low expression in heart, spleen and thymus tissue. 3)Chicken IHH protein was highly conserved in poultry. The size of IHH protein was 44. 829 36 ku, which belonged to alkaline protein with one transmembrane terminal and one signal peptide. The proportion of random coils in the secondary structure of IHH protein was the highest(44. 12%), containing only one HH-Signal domain and most of the serine phosphorylation sites. In addition, the protein also had 14 threonine phosphorylation sites and 5 tyrosine phosphorylation sites. There were one N-type glycosylation and six O-type glycosylation sites in IHH protein. In summary, chicken IHH gene has three exons and multiple promoter regions, which are highly expressed in cartilage tissue. Chicken IHH protein is a secreted protein with alkaline, strong thermal stability and low hydrophilicity. The amino acid sequence of IHH is relatively conserved during species evolution. These results provide a basis for further study of chicken IHH gene regulation of cartilage development.Keywords：chicken;IHH;bioinformatics analysis;specific expression1|20|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2023-12-22
- Abstract：In order to analyze the inhibitory effect of aqueous extract from Euphorbia helioscopia L. on porcine epidemic diarrhea virus(PEDV)in vitro, here, the effect of the aqueous extract on the proliferation activity of African green monkey kidney cells(Vero CCL-81)was detected by CCK-8 assay, the inhibition effect and time-response relationship of aqueous extract from Euphorbia helioscopia L. on PEDV were detected by indirect immunofluorescence, western blotting and real-time quantitative PCR(RT-qPCR). Taking the broad-spectrum antiviral drug ribavirin as positive control drug, we explored the effects of the aqueous extract from Euphorbia helioscopia L. on each stage of PEDV life cycle. The results indicated that: 1)When the concentration of aqueous extract from Euphorbia helioscopia L. was no more than 500 μg/mL, there was no cytotoxicity at 12, 24 and 36 h. 2)The PEDV virus titer and its transcription levels of PEDV-N mRNA were significantly decreased in a dose-dependent manner. 3)The extract effectively inhibited PEDV-N protein expression for a long time and the preventive administration of Euphorbia helioscopia L. aqueous extract had no obvious inhibitory effect on the expression of PEDV-N protein. 4)The aqueous extract of Euphorbia helioscopia L. had significant inhibitory effects on the expression of PEDV-N protein during the attachment and replication-proliferation phases of the virus life cycle and had no significant inhibitory effect on the expression of PEDV-N protein during the invasion phase. In conclusion, the aqueous extract of Euphorbia helioscopia L. had a significant inhibitory effect on PEDV in vitro, mainly in the adsorption and replication-proliferation phase of the PEDV life cycle. The study lays the foundation for further exploration of the antiviral advantages of Euphorbia helioscopia L. .10|22|6<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2023-12-22
- Abstract：In order to gain an in-depth understanding of the current research status of intelligent livestock and poultry breeding management and disease diagnosis based on visual intelligent perception, in this study, “deep learning”, “individual detection”, “identification of livestock and poultry”, “body temperature detection”, “body size and weight assessment”, “epidemic diagnosis”, “behavior recognition”, and other keywords were used to search for published literature from 1990 to 2022 in the Web of Science core collection, Science Direct, CNKI, and other databases. And the research methods and technologies for intelligent livestock and poultry breeding management and disease diagnosis based on visual intelligent perception from five aspects were summarized and analyzed. The results showed that: 1)Livestock and poultry identity recognition is mainly achieved through facial recognition, and designing unconstrained methods for single frame livestock and poultry facial data is the future research direction. 2)In the research of intelligent evaluation of livestock and poultry body size and weight, high-precision and rapid measurement technology based on three-dimensional point cloud is the focus of research. 3)Due to the scarcity of livestock and poultry epidemic data sets, the identification technology of livestock and poultry epidemic based on small samples is the key to breaking through the epidemic diagnosis. 4)The key to livestock and poultry body temperature detection is the accurate positioning of livestock and poultry heat windows in complex breeding environments, and to accurately detect images in thermal infrared mode through detection segmentation algorithms. 5)The main difficulties in daily behavior recognition are long-term detection and tracking of livestock and poultry intensive targets, and calculating their behavior trajectory and characteristics; Abnormal behavior is identified through context relationships between consecutive frames. The main difficulties are the scarcity of data on abnormal behavior of livestock and poultry and the imbalance of positive and negative samples. This review describes the current research status, difficulty analysis, and future trends of livestock and poultry temperature detection, body size and weight assessment, behavioral recognition, and disease diagnosis techniques based on visual intelligent perception, providing a reference direction for the technological evolution and application development of visual perception technology in livestock and poultry breeding.18|21|4<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2023-12-22
- Abstract：In order to elucidate the immune-mechanism of immunopotentiator CVC1302 inducing high affinity antibody, NP-OVA, as model antigen, mixed with CVC1302, then emulsified with ISA206, was prepared for vaccine. 33 Six-week-old BALB/c female mice were divided into 3 groups and immunized with NP-CVC1302-ISA206, NP-ISA206 or NP, each mouse immunized with 100 μL vaccine, as well as 50 μg NP-OVA. The levels of high-affinity NP-specific antibody were detected by ELISA, the percentages of NP-specific germinal center(GC)B cells in B cells and expression levels of AID in GC B cells were analyzed by flow cytometry. GC B cells were harvested by FACS sorting. The transcriptional levels of AID and HoxC4 in GC B cells were analyzed by real-time PCR. The results showed that: 1)Immunopotentiator CVC1302 induced high affinity NP-specific antibodies. 2)CVC1302 induced higher percentage of NP-specific GC B cells in B cells. 3)CVC1302 improved transcriptional levels of HoxC4 in GC B cells. 4)CVC1302 enhanced the expression levels of AID in GC B cells. Considering AID in GC B cells inducing high affinity antibodies through point mutation, then GC B cells differentiated into long-term plasma cells under the positive selection of follicular helper T cells, we concluded that CVC1302 induced high affinity antibody dependent on positive control of AID, which shed light on the development of new immunopotentiators.Keywords：immunopotentiator CVC1302;high affinity antibody;AID;GC B cell;HoxC;41|20|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2023-12-22
- Abstract：In order to reduce the amount of residual film in the plough layer of cotton field under the mode of film mulching for many years and repair the soil structure, a method for recovering the residual film from the plough layer by raising the film on the rotary blade teeth and throwing, separating and transporting the film soil is proposed. The transmission and screening device and other key components were designed. The separation model was established based on different drop points of the membrane soil in the process of throwing, and the separation process of the membrane soil was analyzed. The calculation results show that when the initial value of the particle velocity of the soil mass thrown by the film lifting device of the rotary blade tooth is 2. 0 m/s and the initial value of the inclination angle of the conveying screen is 35°, the displacement of the soil mass falling into the field after falling back is 1. 24 m, that is the soil mass is sent to the conveying screen through rotary tillage film lifting and falling back to the lower end of the conveyor belt, and the crushed soil mass falls to the field through the screen filtering; Moreover, the throwing distance of the residual film is shorter and the density is smaller. The conveying screen can directly transport the residual film to the recycling box, thus realizing the throwing separation of the film and soil. The field experiment results showed that with the increase of the working speed of the prototype, the recovery rate of residual film decreased, and the impurity rate increased. When the operating speed was 5 km/h, the recovery rate was 80. 06%, the operating efficiency was 0. 725 hm2/h, and the impurity rate was 25. 47%, the residual film recovery effect was better. The amount of residual film in the whole plough layer decreased from 268. 29 kg/hm2 before operation to 16. 49 kg/hm2 after operation, and the average number of residual film in each sample site decreased from 370 pieces before operation to 90 pieces after operation. In conclusion, the recovery effect of the machine is obvious in the 0 to 200 mm plough layer, which can be used for the recovery of the plough layer residual film in the cotton field in Xinjiang.Keywords：residual film of plough layer;recovery test;residual film recovery machine;cotton field12|24|5<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2023-12-22
- Abstract：In response to the current problems of numerous processes, low efficiency, high labor intensity and difficulty in adjusting the planting spacing, an plant spacing adjustable grape planting machine was designed. The planting machine can adjust the motor speed in real time according to the forward speed and the set spacing value, so as to complete the work of clamping and dropping seedlings at different spacing; through the trencher, suppressing wheel and mulching wheel to complete the work of trenching, suppressing and mulching, so as to realize the whole process flow of grape seedling planting. Theoretical analysis determined that the structure and parameters of key components such as seedling clamps and openers, and the fitting relationship between planting spacing and transmission ratio. A set of human-computer interaction-based spacing adjustable control system was designed, which achieved accurate planting of grape seedlings at any spacing according to the manually inputted spacing values. The results of the field test showed that when the set spacing values were 200, 150 and 100 cm, the actual planting spacing was 200. 07, 150. 08 and 100. 18 cm, and the corresponding planting depth qualification rates were 97. 67%, 98. 00% and 97. 34%, respectively, and the fall rate was 1. 33%, 1. 67% and 1. 33%, and the buried seedling rate was 1. 00%, 0. 67% and 1. 33%. Under the settings of the planting depth was 18 cm, the maximum planting frequency was 30 plants per minute, there were no omissions, replanting, exposed seedlings and injured seedlings. Therefore, the planting effect of the machine met the operational requirements and national standards for grape seedling planting.Keywords：grape seedling;planter;chain clip type planting mechanism;adjustable plant spacing4|22|1<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2023-12-22
- Abstract：In order to solve the problems of insufficient thermal insulation and heat storage capacity of the back wall of solar greenhouse, a assembled gravel module solar greenhouse(A)and a assembled earth module solar greenhouse(B)were constructed, and were compared with the local traditional brick and concrete greenhouse(C)as the control. In this study, the indoor temperature of three greenhouses, the wall temperature and wall surface heat flux of test greenhouses were tested, and the temperature environment difference between the test greenhouses and the control greenhouse and the heat transfer characteristics of the walls of the two experimental greenhouses were analyzed. The test results showed that: In terms of the thermal performance of the back walls of the test greenhouses, the total thermal resistance of greenhouse B and the total thermal inertness index of the walls were greater than those of greenhouse A, and the damping factor and heat lag of temperature wave to the inner surface of the wall were greater. In terms of indoor temperature, the average night temperature of greenhouse B was 0. 6 and 2. 7 ℃ higher than that of greenhouse A and C on the sunny day, 0. 9 and 3. 3 ℃ higher on the cloudy day, and 1. 9 and 4. 3 ℃ higher on the rainy day, respectively. In terms of the walls, the thickness of the wall heat storage layer of greenhouse B on the sunny day was 600-700 mm, and above 700 mm was the stable layer. On the cloudy day, the thickness of the wall heat storage layer was 300-400 mm, and above 400 mm was the stable layer, and in typical weather, the thickness of the wall heat storage layer of greenhouse A was not less than 600 mm. The difference in the thickness of the heat storage layer was caused by the large porosity and poor airtightness of the material on the wall of A greenhouse. In terms of wall heat transfer characteristics, the daily heat storage of greenhouse B was 168. 24 MJ higher than that of greenhouse A on the sunny day, and the daily heat storage was 14. 09 MJ higher on the cloudy day. In conclusion, the thermal performance of test greenhouse A and B is better than that of control greenhouse C, and the thermal insulation and heat storage performance of greenhouse B are the best.Keywords：solar greenhouse;wall;prefabricated;active heat storage4|24|6<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2023-12-22
- Abstract：In order to accurately judge China's feed grain consumption demand and its changing trend, the feed grain conversion ratio of main animal products was calculated scientifically based on the changes of feeding scale and structure. The consumption quantity and structure of China's feed grain were re-calculated by the demand method. The results show that: 1)The grain consumption per unit of meat products was significantly higher than that of eggs, milk and aquatic products. Among which pork was the highest. From the perspective of feed grain conversion ratio, the proportion of grain-consuming livestock gradually decreased, and the output of grain-saving products increased rapidly, so the supply structure of livestock and poultry products in China was gradually optimized. 2)The effects of farming scale on different livestock and poultry breeds are quite different. The grain consumption per unit in large-scale farming of live pigs is higher than that in the backyard; large-scale farming of cattle, sheep, laying hens and dairy cows saves more feed grain; and the grain consumption of medium-scale farming of broilers is the lowest. 3)From 2000 to 2020, China's feed and grain consumption first increased rapidly and then decreased. In 2020, it is estimated that 306 million tons of feed grain were consumed in the production of seven animal products. In terms of structure, the feed grain consumption of live pigs was the largest, which decreased from 57. 54% in 2000 to 42. 89% in 2020. From the perspective of space, the pattern of China's feed grain consumption was “high in the east and low in the west”.Keywords：feed grain;feed grain consumption;large-scale breeding;feed grain conversion ratio;grain consumption4|22|2<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2023-12-22
- Abstract：This study aimed to systematically explore the characteristics, correlations, and driving factors of the greenhouse gas emissions from regional agricultural and animal husbandry. The agriculture and animal husbandry production system in Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps was chosen as the research object. The net GHG emissions of agriculture and animal husbandry were calculated according to IPCC technical guidelines. The decoupling status between net GHG emissions and output value, output was evaluated by using the Tapio decoupling model. The driving effects of production mechanization, water conservancy modernization and breed improvement were analyzed by using the LMDI decomposition method. The results showed that: 1)From 2011 to 2020, the net GHG emissions from agriculture and animal husbandry displayed a growth-stable fluctuation trend. The net GHG emissions from agriculture and animal husbandry in 2020 were 1. 02×1010 kg and 1. 34×109 kg(in terms of carbon dioxide), respectively. 2)The correlation between net GHG emissions and output value was mainly in weak decoupling and strong decoupling status. The net GHG emissions from agriculture and animal husbandry were gradually decoupled with the output. 3)From 2011 to 2020, The driving effect values of production mechanization level and water conservancy modernization level were -14. 87×106 and 58. 25×108 hm2. It meant that water conservancy modernization level played a role in promoting the net GHG emissions from agriculture, while water conservancy played a restraining role. The driving effect values of breed improvement level were -4. 55×106, which were inhibitory effects on the net GHG emissions from animal husbandry. Therefore, it was necessary to apply organic and inorganic fertilizers scientifically to save energy and reduce consumption in farmland irrigation, promote the high-quality development of animal husbandry mechanization, and optimize the supply of forage. This study provided reference materials for green and low-carbon development in Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps.Keywords：greenhouse gas emission in agriculture and animal husbandry;LMDI decomposition method;decoupling analysis2|21|2<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2023-12-22
- Abstract：Research on the spatial characteristics and influencing factors of rural population mobility is of great significance for exploring the current status of urban and rural development in the former deeply impoverished areas in the post-poverty era. The “one city and three counties” in Liangshan Prefecture, a former deeply impoverished area in the country, is taken as the research object. The data statistical yearbook data of 2020, seventh census data, land use status survey data, and the 2021 survey data for the entire rural population are used in this study. The spatial analysis method, spatial autocorrelation analysis method and hot spot analysis method are adopted to analyze the spatial distribution characteristics of rural population flow. At the same time, the multiple regression model and GWR model are used to analyze the influencing factors. The research results show that: 1)The scale of rural population flow presents the spatial distribution characteristics of agglomeration around advantageous development areas. The cold and hot spots of rural population flow present a gradient distribution pattern of “hot spot-sub-hot spot-cold spot” from the valley to the outside. The villages in the hot spot area have the highest proportion of the valley circle with better development level, and the villages in the cold spot area have the highest proportion of the mountain circle with poor development level. 2)The activity of rural population flow presents the spatial characteristics of the gradient distribution along the geographical circle. The degree of activity of rural population mobility also presents the spatial pattern of “centripetal agglomeration-distance decay” according to the scale and hierarchical structure of the urban system. The different active types of rural population flow present a distribution pattern of “active net inflow-active balance-inactive-active net outflow” from the valley to the outside in geographical space. The spatial agglomeration scope of rural population flow decreases gradually with the decrease of urban level. 3)The influence of natural and geographical environment factors on the net flow coefficient of rural population is negatively correlated. Among them, the elevation factor is the strongest. Among the socio-economic development factors, “traffic location”, “the distance from the village to the industrial park” and “the distance from the village to the city” have a negative correlation on the coefficient of the net flow of rural population. The factors of “cultivated land conditions” and “urban development degree” have a positive correlation with the net flow coefficient of rural population. Areas with a high degree of urban development have produced a huge “inward pull” on rural population mobility. In conclusion, the study can provide a scientific basis for rural revitalization and county-level urban-rural integration development policy formulation in Liangshan Prefecture and other former deeply impoverished areas in the post-poverty era.4|24|4<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2023-12-22
- Abstract：In order to explore the impact of agricultural machinery socialization service on the farmland scale of farmers' households, the arable land area, transferred area and abandoned farmland area of farmer households were put into the same analysis framework for theoretical mechanism analysis, and the CLDS2018 data were used for empirical tests. The results are as follows: First, agricultural machinery socialization service has a significant negative impact on the arable land area and abandoned farmland area of farmer households, but has no significant impact on the transferred area. Second, the analysis of scale heterogeneity shows that the agricultural machinery socialization service has a significant positive impact on the arable land area and transferred area of large-scale farmers, and has a significant negative impact on the abandoned farmland area of small-scale farmers and large-scale farmers. Third, the analysis of regional heterogeneity shows that the agricultural machinery socialization service has a significant negative impact on the arable land area and abandoned farmland area of farmer households in the eastern and central and western regions, and has a positive impact on the transferred area of farmer households in the central and western regions, but it is not obvious for the eastern region. In conclusion, it is proposed to improve the supply of agricultural machinery socialization services and accelerate the reform of the household registration system.Keywords：agricultural machinery operation service;farmland area;land transfer;instrumental variables method4|20|3<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2023-12-22
- Abstract：In order to explore the impact of the adoption of rice-aquaculture integrated cultivation modeon farmers' benefits, based on the survey data of Jianghan Plain in Hubei Province in 2020, a processing effect model was used to test the impact of the adoption of rice-aquaculture integrated cultivation mode on farmers' comprehensive benefits, economic benefits, ecological benefits and social benefits. The results showed that: Farmers who adopted the rice-aquaculture integrated cultivation mode had better comprehensive benefits, economic benefits and social benefits, but there was a possibility of further widening the benefit gap among farmers, and the impact on farmers' ecological benefits was not significant. In terms of heterogeneity analysis, there were differences in the comprehensive benefits of farmers of different sizes and ages. Therefore, the following suggestions are put forward to strengthen technical training, night green product market mechanism, guide farmers to green production, effectively identify the demand difference of different groups of farmers, and narrow the internal benefit gap of farmers while achieving comprehensive benefit improvement.Keywords：rice-aquaculture integrated cultivation mode;benefit;treatment effect model;rice and crayfish coculture pattern5|21|8<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2023-12-22
- Abstract：In order to explore the effect of agricultural insurance policy upgrading on the planting structure adjustment of farm crops since 2007, the difference-in-difference model was used to study the relationship between the gradual reform of agricultural insurance policy and the planting area and its structure of farm crops especially grain crops based on the panel data of 31 provinces in China(Data do not include those of Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan regions, The same below). The results showed that: 1)On the whole, policy reform, increasing farmers' expected income by raising premium subsidy and coverage level, encourage farmers to expand sown area of farm crops and grain crops. 2)From the perspective of policy stages, the “Three Major Grain Crops Total Cost Insurance and Income Insurance Pilot Policy” with high coverage level have more effect on promoting the “tendency to grain production” in planting structure. 3)In terms of farm crops, crop insurance significantly expanded the planting area of the three main food crops and reduced the planting area of tuber crops. 4)From the sub-regional perspective, policy reform only in the major grain producing areas reflect the phenomenon of “tendency to grain production” in planting structure. Therefore, this study suggests that we should continue to improve the coverage level of agricultural insurance, optimize the premium subsidy mechanism, expand the coverage of the latest pilot policy, and give more insurance policy support to grain crops in major grain producing areas.Keywords：agricultural insurance;planting structure;grain production;difference-in-difference model5|21|3<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2023-12-22
