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- Abstract：To analyze the foundation of China's efforts to build up agricultural strength, a preliminary evaluation index system was proposed for strength in agriculture with Chinese characteristics based on the theoretical understanding and relevant previous assessments of strength in agriculture. Seven dimensions and thirty-five indices were comprised. This system encompassed the agricultural product supply capacity, agricultural industry competitiveness, agricultural scientific and technological innovation capability, agricultural green development capacity, modernization level of rural areas, socio-economic development level, and agricultural policy support intensity. The indicators from 11 countries with leading strength in agriculture of the world were analyzed and compared. The results showed that: Overall, the realization rate of the strength in agriculture with Chinese characteristic has reached 67. 20%, which indicated that China has laid a good foundation for building up agricultural strength and is in a critical stage of moving faster to build up China's strength in agriculture currently. Specifically, China had reached the average criteria of the worldwide-leading strength in agriculture in only eleven out of the thirty-five indicators. Currently, China approaches the average of worldwide leading strength in agriculture in terms of agricultural green development capacity and agricultural policy support intensity, whereas there are remarkable weaknesses in agricultural industry competitiveness, rural modernization, and socio-economic development level, as well as agricultural scientific and technological innovation capability and agricultural product supply capacity. Therefore, aiming to provide precise decision-making references for formulating Chinese strength in agriculture development plan, this study proposes strategies to further enhance comprehensive food production capacity, strengthen agricultural industry competitiveness, improve agricultural scientific and technological innovation efficiency, elevate rural modernization level, and boost agricultural infrastructure level.Keywords：strong agricultural country;agricultural modernization;rural modernization;evaluation indicator;comparative analysis;development proposal27|16|14<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2023-12-22
- Abstract：In order to rationality analyze land demand and ensure food safety in the context of shortage of cultivated land resources and changes in food consumption structure, the food consumption of residents in Henan Province is taken as research object. The time series prediction model is adopted, and the food demand in Henan Province in the next 15 to 30 years based on the economic development and food structure is analyzed. Combined with the calculated results, the land areas required by different food types are respectively calculated and the cultivated land demand based on food security is obtained. The results are as follows: 1)From 2000 to 2019, the food consumption structure of Henan Province residents changed significantly. Plant food always accounted for a large proportion, while the proportion of animal consumption showed an increasing trend. 2)There was a certain difference in the demand for cultivated land between urban and rural residents in Henan Province. The per capita demand for cultivated land of rural residents decreased from 1. 2 times to 82% of that of urban residents. The total demand for arable land decreased slightly at first and then gradually increased and kept an upward trend, which reached 5. 07 million hectares at the highest. 3)The population size, crop yield per unit area and food consumption structure of Henan Province all displayed a significant impact on the demand for cultivated land in Henan Province. The main factor was the change of food consumption structure, and the improvement of yield per unit area played an important role in alleviating the demand pressure of cultivated land caused by population growth. 4)Although the existing cultivated land in Henan Province could meet the food demand of local people from 2035 to 2050, as a major food export province, it could not meet the food demand of local people and maintain the existing proportion of food supply. Finally, according to the forecast results and the current situation of cultivated land protection in Henan Province, relevant suggestions are put forward based on the market demand for food safety.Keywords：food safety;diet structure;demand for arable land;cultivated land protection5|10|3<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2023-12-22
- Abstract：In order to analyze the current situation of cultivated land use efficiency in black soil areas and diagnose the problems faced in the process of efficiency improvement, this study constructs an evaluation index system of cultivated land use efficiency in black soil areas from the economic, social and ecological perspectives based on the agricultural and rural production and life data of cultivated land use in black soil areas in China from 2000 to 2020. The cultivated land use efficiency is determined using the entropy-weighted TOPSIS model, and the problems in efficiency improvement are identified using a problem diagnosis model. The results show that: 1)From 2000 to 2020, the economic, social and ecological benefits as well as the comprehensive benefits of cultivated land use in the black soil area show an obvious increasing trend. The comprehensive benefits displays a trend of low development in the early stage rapid increase in the middle and early stage, slow growth in the middle and late stage, and fluctuation in the late stage; 2)The social benefits are the main factor that restricts the improvement of the benefits of cultivated land use in black soil areas. By 2020, the per capita grain yield, output value of cultivated land per unit area, and cultivated land area per capita are the main influencing factors limiting the improvement of cultivated land utilization efficiency in the Black Earth region; 3)From the provincial perspective, the comprehensive efficiency of cultivated land utilization in each province(autonomous region)has been improving from 2000 to 2020. In conclusion, the economic and social subsystems are the constraints to improve the effectiveness of cultivated land use in Heilongjiang Province currently, while Jilin Province should pay attention to alleviate the pressure on the ecological subsystem. Liaoning Province has more significant problems with economic and ecological benefits, and Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region should pay attention to social and ecological benefits. This study can provide scientific basis and policy inspiration for the sustainable utilization of black land resources.Keywords：black soil area;cultivated land utilization benefits;problem diagnosis;spatial differentiation characteristics6|10|6<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2023-12-22
- Abstract：In order to screen new foxtail millet varieties suitable for the summer foxtail millet region in northern China, this study used grey interconnect degree analysis, DIOPSIS and grey situational decision method to evaluate the eight main traits of 25 new foxtail millet varieties promoted nationwide by weighted correlation, Ci value and Ki value, respectively. The results showed that: The top five varieties ranked by grey correlation values were ‘Yugu 18'‘Changnong 47'‘Changnong 35'‘Yugu 35' and ‘Jiugu 23'; The top five foxtaili millet varieties ranked by the DTOPSIS method according to the size of Ci values of the 25 varieties were ‘Yugu 18'‘Jigu 39'‘Yugu 35'‘Chaogu 58'and ‘Jiugu 23'; The top five varieties ranked by the grey situational method according to the Ki values of the weighted combined effect of each participating variety were ‘Yugu 18'‘Jigu 39'‘Yugu 35' ‘Chaogu 58'and ‘Jiugu 23'. Combining the three decision methods, the ranking of four varieties, such as ‘Yugu 18' ‘Yugu 35'‘Yugu 39' ‘Chaogu 58'and ‘Jiugu 23', is basically the same, and the order of comprehensive evaluation of the remaining varieties is different. All three evaluation methods can objectively evaluate the comprehensive good characteristics of foxtail millet varieties, among which the grey situation decision method is simple, accurate and easy to analyze, and its performance is the best. Based on the agronomic traits and yield traits of each variety, the suitable high-yielding varieties in the summer foxtail millet region of north China from the preliminary screening are ‘Yugu 18' ‘Yugu 35'‘Jigu 39'and ‘Jiugu 23'. The best method was the comprehensive evaluation method using the grey interconnect degree analysis based on entropy weight method.Keywords：foxtail millet;regional experiments;entropy weight method;grey interconnect degree analysis;DTOPSIS method;grey situational decision method4|13|5<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2023-12-22
- Abstract：To screen drought-resistant germplasm for sorghum during the germination period, PEG-6000 was used to simulate drought stress. Six sorghum inbred lines were taken as study material and treated with 0. 013, 0. 020, 0. 025 and 0. 029 mol/L(80, 120, 150 and 175 g/L)PEG-6000 aqueous solutions in germination trials, respectively. A total of 118 sorghum lines were studied for germination under stress in 0. 025 mol/L(150 g/L)PEG-6000 aqueous solution and analyzed for changes in relative germination rate, relative shoot length, relative root length, relative shoot weight and relative root weight indices. The results showed that: The PEG-6000 solution of 0. 025 mol/L(150 g/L)was identified as the drought resistant identification concentration for six sorghum inbred lines during germination. All of the 118 sorghum inbred lines were identified for drought resistance. It was found that drought stress had the greatest effect on shoot fresh weight and the least effect on germination rate. The results of correlation analysis showed that the relative shoot length was highly significantly positively correlated with relative root length, relative shoot weight and relative root weight, with correlation coefficients(r)of 0. 35, 0. 78 and 0. 25, respectively; relative root length was highly significantly positively correlated with relative shoot weight, with r of 0. 25, relative root length was significantly positively correlated with relative root weight, with r of 0. 23; The relative shoot weight and relative root weight were highly significantly positively correlated, with r of 0. 33. There was certain correlation between the relative values of the germination indicators and the information on drought tolerance evaluation crossed each other. Principal component analysis was carried out on the relative values of germination indicators to clarify the weights of different indicators. The relative values of germination indicators were weighted to obtain a composite score for drought tolerance. The drought tolerance scores of the different inbred lines were clustered and the 118 sorghum inbred lines were finally classified into 5 major categories as follows: Eight inbred lines such as ‘20LCS209' as extremely drought tolerant, 31 inbred lines such as ‘4126' as drought tolerant, 41 inbred lines such as ‘10036' as drought intermediate, 26 inbred lines such as ‘20LCS167' as drought sensitive and 12 inbred lines such as ‘20LCS203' as extremely drought sensitive.Keywords：sorghum;germination period;drought resistance;principal component analysis;cluster analysis11|10|3<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2023-12-22
- Abstract：In order to explore the influence of climate change on the change of cotton growth period in Alar reclamation area of southern Xinjiang, the cotton growth period data and surface meteorological data in the same period in Alar reclamation area of southern Xinjiang from 1990 to 2020 were selected. The change law of cotton growth period and its quantitative climate driving factors were analyzed by using least square method, Mann-Kendall nonparametric mutation test, correlation analysis and dominant analysis method. The results show that: The average lengths of sowing-emergence stage, emergence-squaring stage, squaring-flowering stage, flowering-blossoming stage, boll opening-stop growth stage and whole growth period of cotton in Alar reclamation of southern Xinjiang from 1990 to 2020 were 15, 35, 31, 77, 35 and 190 d. The lengths of sowing-emergence stage, emergence-squaring stage and whole growth period showed a very significant extension trend, and the length of squaring-flowering stage showed a very significant shortening trend. The increase of accumulated temperature in Alar reclamation of southern Xinjiang from 1990 to 2020 was the main climatic driving factor for the extension of cotton sowing-emergence stage, emergence-squaring stage, boll opening-stop growth stage and whole growth period, and their contribution rates were 53. 07%, 34. 03%, 67. 33% and 25. 54%. The decrease of accumulated temperature was the main climatic driving factor for the shortening of the length of squaring-flowering stage and flowering-blowing stage, and their contribution rates were 53. 22% and 27. 29%. The shortening of cotton squaring period was mainly controlled by the decrease of accumulated temperature in Alar reclamation area of southern Xinjiang in 1990-2011 and 2012-2020, and their contribution rates were 48. 15% and 55. 35%. In summary, the dynamic change of accumulated temperature at each growth stage in the Alar reclamation of southern Xinjiang from 1990 to 2020 was the main climate driving factor leading to the extension or shortening of cotton growth period.Keywords：cotton;growth period;climate change;quantitative drive19|31|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2023-12-22
- Abstract：To investigate the effects of fertilization regimes and moisture changes on the degradation characteristics of maize straw and the microbial straw-carbon use efficiency in north China Plain. In this study, surface soil treated with organic fertilizer(9 t/hm2 cow manure)and chemical fertilizer(N P K fertilizer)with equivalent nutrient content was collected from long-term experimental field. The 13C labeled maize straw was separately added to the soil under the two fertilization regimes, and soil was subjected to constant humidity(60% water holding capacity, WHC)and drought stress(30% WHC)conditions for 56 d. The dynamics of CO2 emissions derived from straw and background soil, and microbial biomass carbon(MBC)were determined, and microbial straw-carbon use efficiency and metabolic quotient were analyzed. The results showed that: After the addition of straw, soil total CO2-C flux initially decreased and then stabilized, while total MBC initially increased and then decreased with incubation time. Compared to constant humidity, drought stress significantly reduced the cumulative CO2-C emissions derived from straw and background soil(except on day 1 and day 3 of incubation), while significantly increased microbial straw-carbon use efficiency. Drought stress significantly decreased soil total MBC during the early incubation period(day 1 to 7), and there was no significant difference between the drought stress and constant humidity treatments during the later incubation period(day 14 to 56). Under constant humidity conditions, the cumulative CO2-C emissions derived from straw(except on day 1 of incubation)and background soil(except on day 1 and day 3 of incubation), as well as the microbial metabolic quotient were significantly higher in soil with organic fertilizer treatment compared to soil with chemical fertilizer treatment. However, the microbial straw-carbon use efficiency was significantly lower in soil with organic fertilizer treatment compared to soil with chemical fertilizer treatment on day 3 of incubation. Under drought conditions, there were no significant differences in the cumulative CO2-C emissions derived from straw(except on day 56 of incubation)and background soil, microbial metabolic quotient and straw-carbon use efficiency between the two fertilization regimes. In conclusion, under constant humidity conditions, the application of chemical fertilizer significantly reduced cummulative the mineralization of straw and native soil organic carbon, and significantly increased microbial straw-carbon utilization efficiency on day 3 of incubation, thereby was beneficial to the sequestration of straw carbon in soil. Both chemical and organic fertilizers were beneficial to the sequestration of straw carbon under drought conditions.Keywords：fertilization;drought;CO;2;emissions;microbial biomass carbon22|28|4<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2023-12-22
- Abstract：In order to comprehensively understand the evolutionary lineage, current situation and frontier hotspots of saline land research in China, this study analyzes 22 606 papers published in China in the past 30 years in terms of the number of publications and keywords by using China Knowledge Network as the data source and the visualization software CiteSpce with the bibliometric method. The results showed that: 1)Soil saline research has experienced three periods, which are stable development, rapid growth, and relative saturation, in the past 30 years with an overall upward trend. 2)The research themes revolve around five topics as follows: The effects of salt stress on plant physiological and ecological characteristics, basic theoretical research on saline lands and improvement and restoration measures, soil water and salt transport mechanism and efficient utilization of water resources, monitoring and management of soil salinization, and development and utilization of saline plants. 3)The evolutionary lineage has gone through three stages including improvement and management of saline lands and the impact of salt stress on the physiological and ecological characteristics of plants, the impact on ecological environment and monitoring of salinization, and ecological restoration. To sum up, the research hotspots are currently focused on the exploration and utilization of new methods, materials and technologies based on the premise of ecological restoration. Future research on salinity should strengthen cooperation among institutions and personnel, and enhance research on the application of emerging research hotspots such as gene technology, plant inter-root promoting bacteria, and machine learning algorithms in salinity.Keywords：saline land;bibliometrics;CiteSpace;research lineage and hotspots26|31|11<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2023-12-22
- Abstract：In order to clarify the regulatory effect of Xinjiang wild myrobalan plum cloned gene PsoRPM2 on the early flowering of plants, the function of early flowering caused by PsoRPM2 gene was analyzed by morphological, transgenic and yeast two-hybrid experiments. The result revealed that: The percentage of myrobalan plum seedlings with extremely early, early, middle, late and very late flowering characters were 11%, 24%, 44%, 18% and 3%, respectively. The differentiation of floral bud in the early flowering type was significantly faster than that in the late flowering type. The expressions of PsoLFY and PsoFT genes in flower buds of early-flowering plants were significantly higher than that in late-flowering plants, while PsoFLC was higher in late-flowering plants. Early flowering was also found in the transgenic tobacco lines with PsoRPM2, and NtLFY gene expression was significantly increased. In Xinjiang wild myrobalan plum, the expression of psoRPM2 gene was higher than that in late-flowering plants, and the expression of PsoLFY was also higher in floral buds of early-flowering plants at the same period. Yeast two-hybrid assay showed that PsoRPM2 and PsoLFY interacted with each other. In summary the interaction between PsoRPM2 and PsoLFY may increase the expression of PsoLFY and PsoFT in flower buds, thereby accelerating floral bud differentiation process and leading the early flowering of plants.13|25|1<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2023-12-22
- Abstract：In order to rapidly identify strawberry virus disease species and prevent the spread of virus disease, a multiplex reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction system was established for the simultaneous detection and identification of strawberry vein banding virus(SVBV), strawberry mottle virus(SMoV), strawberry mild yellow edge virus(SMYEV), strawberry pallidosis-associated virus(SPaV), strawberry virus 1(StrV-1)and brassica yellows virus(BrYV). Six pairs of specific primers designed on the conserved genomic regions of these viruses. In this multiplex PCR reaction system, the dosage of 2×SanTaq PCR Master Mix was 10 μL, the dosage of upstream and downstream primer(10 μmol/L)was 4 μL, among which SVBV was 0. 25 μL, SMoV was 0. 50 μL, SMYEV was 0. 10 μL, SPaV was 0. 15 μL, StrV-1 was 0. 50 μL, BrYV was 0. 50 μL, template volume was 1 μL, ddH2O was 5 μL, and the total volume was 20 μL. The multiple PCR procedure was pre-denaturation at 94 ℃ for 5 min, denaturation at 94 ℃ for 30 s, annealing at 53 ℃ for 30 s, extension at 72 ℃ for 2 min, and final extension at 72 ℃ for 10 min, with a cycle number of 35, and the sensitivity of this system achieved 107 copies/μL. In conclusion, the proposed multiplex PCR can realize the efficient detection of six strawberry viruses at the same time, which provides technical support for the early prevention and treatment of strawberry virus diseases.Keywords：strawberry;multiplex PCR;SVBV;SMoV;SMYEV;SPaV;StrV-1;BrYV30|24|5<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2023-12-22
- Abstract：In order to develop a new efficient and low-cost method for antigen purification of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus(PEDV), a purification method based on the lectin(Concanavalin A, Con A)was explored. By specifically binding Con A with PEDV virus particles, a Con A-PEDV complex was formed, and the virus was purified through low-speed centrifugation and competitive dissociation. The results showed that: 1)The suitable concentration of Con A was 80 μg/mL, the action time between Con A and PEDV was for 2 hours, the centrifugal condition was 4 000 r/min for 15 min; 2)The solution contained methyl-α-D-mannopyranoside and NaCl at the concentration of 200 mmol/L and 50 mmol/L respectively had higher dissociation efficiency compared with PBS buffer; 3)The recovery rate of the purification method was approximately 80%, and the total protein removal rate could reach 90%. In conclusion, it is feasible to purify PEDV by Con A, which can lay a foundation for the development of high-quality inactivated vaccine for PEDV.Keywords：Concanavalin A;porcine epidemic diarrhea virus;purification24|26|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2023-12-22
- Abstract：The study was to analyze the expression of TCONS_00246198, also known as lnc46198, during embryonic development of Mulard duck and determine its impacts on the proliferation and apoptosis of duck embryonic fibroblasts. The RT-qPCR technique was employed to analyze the expression of lnc46198 in various tissues including different embryo age such as 10, 15, 20 and 25 d, as well as the brain, heart, liver, lung, muscle, gonad, and kidney of Mulard duck in this study. The lnc46198-pcDNA3. 1 overexpression line of duck embryo fibroblasts was constructed by whole gene synthesis. Flow cytometry and CCK8 assay were used to detect cell proliferation, while Annexin V-FITC flow and RT-PCR were used to detect apoptosis. The results showed that: 1)The lnc46198 was expressed that in all embryonic gonads, and its relative expression levels gradually increased with the age of the embryo, and the expression level of lnc46198 in the gonads of Mulard duck at 12. 5 d embryo age was found to be significantly higher than that in all other tissues(P<0. 01), suggesting potentially important role for lnc46198 in the gonadal development of Mulard duck. 2)Compared with blank group and pcDNA3. 1 group(control group), the cell viability of duck embryo fibroblasts in lnc46198 overexpression group(test group)was significantly decreased(P<0. 01), indicating that overexpression of lnc46198 inhibited the proliferation viability of duck embryo fibroblasts. 3)The overexpression group exhibited a significantly higher apoptosis rate(7. 30 times)of duck embryo fibroblasts compared with pcDNA3. 1 group(P<0. 01), which has been suggested that the overexpression of lnc46198 leads to an increase in apoptosis in duck embryo fibroblasts. In conclusion, the study found that lnc46198 was dynamically expressed in the gonads at various embryonic stages, with specific expression in the gonads of Mulard ducks at 12. 5 embryo age. Furthermore, the results showed that overexpression of lnc46198 inhibited the proliferation of duck embryo fibroblasts while promoting apoptosis. The study uncovered the distinct expression of lnc46198 and its impact on the proliferation and apoptosis of duck cells, offering valuable scientific insight into the mechanism underlying the difference in gonad development in Mulard duck.Keywords：Mulard duck;lnc46198;cell proliferation;apoptosis;specific expression19|23|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2023-12-22
- Abstract：To investigate the effects of isorhamnetin(ISO)on neuronal cytotoxicity and the protective effect of oxidative injury, here, a cellular oxidative damage model by stimulating neuronal cells(SH-SY5Y)with 6-hydroxydopamine(6-OHDA)was established and analyzed the ISO on 6-OHDA-induced neuronal cell viability, apoptosis-related apoptotic proteins, and oxidative damage-related indicators. The results showed that: 1)6-OHDA(300 μmol/L)could significantly reduce neuronal cell viability(P<0. 01), induce cell apoptosis and expression of pro-apoptotic proteins(Caspase-3, Bax), as well as the expression of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2. However, ISO treatment could effectively inhibit neuronal cell damage caused by 6-OHDA. 2)6-OHDA could also significantly induce production of cell reactive oxygen species(ROS)(P<0. 01), cause consumption of glutathione(GSH)(P<0. 05), and promote mitochondrial dysfunction, while ISO treatment could efficiently improve the oxidative damage and mitochondrial dysfunction caused by 6-OHDA(P<0. 05). 3)ISO not only significantly increased the expression of antioxidant proteins(GCLC, GCLM, HO-1 and NQO1)by upregulating of the Keap1/Nrf2 signaling pathway(P<0. 05), but also significantly inhibited the expression reduced by 6-OHDA(P<0. 05). In summary, this study clarified that ISO may effectively improve neuronal cytotoxicity by upregulating the Keap1/Nrf2 antioxidant signaling pathway to inhibit 6-OHDA-induced apoptosis, oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage, thereby providing new strategies for preventing and treating animal brain oxidative damage and laying a theoretical foundation for the development of feed additives.Keywords：natural compounds;isorhamnetin;neuronal cells;neurotoxicity;oxidative injury6|16|3<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2023-12-22
- Abstract：In order to analyze the structural diversity of the mule genome combining the two sets of perfectly functional and structurally well-characterized genetic programs after hybridization between horses(Equus caballus)and donkeys(Equus asinus), the study identified InDel, SNP, and CNV for the donkeys, horses, and mules, basing on the whole-genome sequences from an Equus parent-offspring trio and using the Thoroughbred genome and donkey genome as reference. Through bioinformatics analysis, the de novo SNP and its mutation frequency of mule were analyzed, the mule specific CNV was identified, and functional analysis was carried out. The results showed that: 1)for the donkey, horse and mule, 100. 01, 103. 78 and 114. 36 Gb high-quality Illumina genome sequencing data were generated, respectively. 2)Using the Thoroughbred genome as reference, the identified InDels, SNPs and CNVs were 402 533-2 110 786, 5 012 403-23 819 055 and 2 126-3 761, respectively. Using the donkey genome as reference, the identified InDels, SNPs and CNVs were 527 351-2 279 875, 3 212 499-23 549 224 and 3 572-7 812. 3)De novo SNPs of mule were 555 and 419, respectively, with a mutation frequency of 1. 72×10-7 -2. 21×10-7. 4)A total of 396 and 859 mule-specific CNVs were also identified, with a total length of 2. 15 and 3. 77 Mb, respectively. 5)The genes associated with the structural variation were mainly involved in immune processes and cancer processes. In summary, the genome of the mule exhibits high frequency of de novo SNPs and specific CNVs, which may be of great significance for the incompatibility of interspecific hybridization between horses and donkeys and the genetic adaptability of mules. These structural variations provides candidate genetic sites for further research on the genetic basis and molecular mechanisms of the crossing of horses and donkeys.Keywords：mule;heterogeneous hybridization;De novo;single nucleotide polymorphisms;copy number variations10|15|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2023-12-22
- Abstract：To assist in the prevention and control of tomato diseases and pests using computer or artificial intelligence technologies, taking tomato plant images with diseases and pests invasion problems as the research object, aiming at the characteristics of small and dense tomato diseases and pests targets, a YOLOX object detection network based on Swin Transformer is proposed to accurately locate the diseases and pests targets within the images. Additionally, a rotational-invariant Fisher discriminant CNN classification network based on classical Convolutional Neural Networks is constructed to enhance the accuracy of diseases and pests classification. The results demonstrated that: 1)Compared with the existing object detection and classification models, the YOLOX network based on Swin Transformer achieves 7. 9% and 9. 5% higher precision than Faster R-CNN and SSD on the tomato diseases and pests test set, respectively; The rotational-invariant Fisher discriminant CNN improves the recognition accuracy of the diseases and pests categories by 8. 7% and 5. 2% compared to AlexNet and VGGNet, respectively. 2)Compared with the existing Transformer-based object detection model DETR and the emerging image classification model Vision Transformer(ViT)on the tomato diseases and pests test set, the detection and classification methods proposed in this study also have advantages, which were an increase of 3. 9% in diseases and pests detection precision and 4. 3% higher in classification accuracy. In addition, the ablation trials also verified the effectiveness of the method improvement in this study. In conclusion, the performance of the proposed networks is superior to other networks in both detection and recognition of tomato diseases and pests. The methods strengthened the efficacy of diseases and pests control on tomato plants. It is of great significance in the fields of computer vision techniques applied to agriculture applications.Keywords：deep learning;diseases and pests identification;Swin Transformer;Fisher discrimination;tomato42|39|7<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2023-12-22
- Abstract：To improve the efficiency of the orchard lawn mower and reduce the operation cost, an improved particle swarm optimization(IPSO)algorithm for lawn mower operation path planning in rectangular orchard environment was proposed in this study. After analyzing the characteristics of the mowing operation path in the apple orchard, transforming the path planning problem into the scheduling problem of the lawn mower operation rows and considering a variety of turning strategies, the particle swarm optimization(PSO)algorithm was used to solve the optimal sequence of operation rows while the optimization goal was to make the total turning distance minimum. To enhance the search ability of particle swarm, algorithm parameters, which change with the search process nonlinearly and dynamically and the disturbance strategy, were proposed to improve the PSO algorithm. The IPSO algorithm was verified by simulation experiments and field experiments. The results showed that: 1)Under 6 different row numbers, compared with the PSO algorithm, the convergence speed of the IPSO algorithm slowed down and the algorithm time increased by an average of about 1. 0 to 2. 5 s. The IPSO algorithm always found the mowing path with less total turning distance, and with a reduction rate from 7. 52% to 32. 72%; 2)Under different mower parameters(working width, minimum turning radius), compared with the PSO algorithm, the IPSO algorithm could find the working path with less total turning distance; 3)In the actual operation situation, compared with the traditional method and PSO algorithm, the IPSO algorithm could find the operation path with less fuel consumption, and the fuel consumption was saved by 22. 51% and 1. 57%, respectively.Keywords：lawn mower;path planning;particle swarm optimization algorithm;nonlinear variation;disturbing particles18|17|7<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2023-12-22
- Abstract：To design and optimize the mechanized precision seeding equipment for double-low rapeseed, the basic physical parameters of two double-low rapeseed varieties(Qingza 5 and Longyou 19)grown in Gansu were determined by physical tests using double-low rapeseed. The static friction factors and collision recovery coefficients between the seeds and PLA plastic and photosensitive resin were investigated by physical tests. The rolling friction factors between seeds and PLA plastic and photosensitive resin were calibrated based on EDEM simulation software and the ramp rolling method, and the rolling friction factors between seeds were calibrated using the simulation approximation prediction method. The simulation parameters were verified using the bench test of the shaped slotted nesting wheel seed rower. The results showed that: The static friction factors between Qingza 5 and PLA plastic and photosensitive resin were 0. 35 and 0. 34, the collision recovery coefficients were 0. 639 and 0. 655, and the rolling friction factors were 0. 064 and 0. 060, respectively. The static friction factors between Longyou 19 and PLA plastic and photosensitive resin were 0. 32 and 0. 28, the collision recovery coefficients were 0. 662 and 0. 666, and the rolling friction factors were 0. 059 and 0. 058. The static friction factors between two varieties of rapeseed were 0. 57 and 0. 59, the collision recovery coefficients were 0. 384 and 0. 397, and the rolling friction factors were 0. 397. The calibration parameters of the two rapeseed varieties were subjected to the simulation test and bench validation test of the shaped slotted nesting wheel seeder, and the relative error of the pass rate of the simulation test and the bench test was 0. 48% for the Qingza 5 rapeseed, and the relative error of the reseeding rate was 4. 99%. The relative error of reseeding rate and omission rate were 4. 99% and 6. 98%, respectively. For Longyou 19 rapeseed, the relative error of the pass rate of simulation test and bench test was 0. 29%, the relative error of reseeding rate was 3. 79%, and the relative error of omission rate was 4. 76%.Keywords：rapeseed;discrete element method;calibration;contact parameters12|13|9<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2023-12-22
- Abstract：Acidizing storage has advantages in reducing nutrient loss and gas emissions. Systematic review on the acidizing storage of digestate can provide data support for standardizing storage methods of digestate and cooperating with the implementation of reducing nutrient loss and gas emission technology. Through literature data organization, the influencing factors of acidification, the effect and mechanism of acidification on the characteristics of digestate, and the emission reduction effects of acidification on various gases were summarized and analyzed in this study. The results showed that: 1)Acidifier type, acidizing target pH, storage time, acidizing method, and temperature may all affect the effect of acidizing storage. 2)Acidification affects digestate properties and reduce nutrient loss by reducing pH, changing the balance among buffer substances, promoting the dissolution of inorganic minerals and degradation of organic matter, reducing microbial activity and ammonia(NH3)emissions, etc. 3)The scientific selection of acidifier, the specification setting of acidizing technical parameters, the mechanism of transformation of chemical forms of elements in acidizing storage process and the returning to field effect of acidized digestate products need further study.Keywords：digestate;acidizing storage;gas emission reduction;nutrient retention8|12|3<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2023-12-22
- Abstract：To explore the impact of large-scale operation by leading agricultural enterprises on reducing fertilizer application, this study used survey data from the “Fixed Observation Point for Rural Revitalization” project in Guangdong Province and applied the Oprobit model to examine the relationship between land operation scale and fertilizer reduction. Our findings demonstrate an U-shaped relationship between the two variables. That is, as the scale of land operation of enterprises expands, their behavior of reducing fertilizer use shows a change from initial suppression to subsequent promotion. The above conclusion still holds after alleviating for the variable measurement error and adopting the instrumental variable approach to address the endogenous issues. Additionally, it was found that companies with stable land rights and concentrated land plots displayed a significant reduction in fertilizer usage when their land operation scale expanded. This effect was also observed in county-level enterprises with legal persons who had experiences in farming, as well as in municipal-level enterprises engaged in combined farming and breeding operations. These above results suggest that it is crucial to consider the impact of expanding the land operation scale of leading enterprises on reducing fertilizer usage, particularly regarding the scale threshold problem. Moreover, land rights stability insurance, concentrated plots, and the combination of planting and breeding can effectively improve the fertilizer reduction effect of large-scale enterprise operations.Keywords：agricultural leading enterprises;land operation scale;fertilizer reduction5|11|4<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2023-12-22
- Abstract：“Green” is the main direction of agricultural development in the new era. In order to clarify the core features and logic of the evolution of agricultural green development policies, this study uses policy bibliometrics to analyze the central-level agricultural green development policies since China's reform and opening up, their focus themes, the network of issuing institutions and their phase changes. The results showed that: 1)In terms of policy themes, the policy concept has shifted from “taking green into account” to “green-driven”, and the policy content has shifted from “problem-oriented” to “strategic layout”. 2)In terms of the network of issuing institutions, the policy subjects have shifted from “loose-low cooperation” to “centralized-high cooperation”. China's agricultural green development policy objectives and policy measures have been continuously improved, but the policy objectives still need further refinement and the effects of policy measures need to be improved. The future policy on green agricultural development should maintain medium- and long-term stability, promote region-specific policies, and strengthen policy support for weak links and sectoral coordination in policy implementation.Keywords：green development policy of agriculture sector;policy evolution;policy themes;cooperation network of policy issuing institutions9|11|4<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2023-12-22
- Abstract：In order to explore the impact of market situation and information channels on farmers' production period adjustment behavior, taking the laying hens industry as an example, this study employs Cobb-Douglas production function to estimate the optimal elimination day-old and uses the Probit model to explore the factors that influence the optimal elimination day-old decisions. The results showed that: 1)The optimal elimination day-old of this sample was 461. 99 day-old. 2)The optimal elimination day-old interval was determined by ±20 days of its optimal elimination day-old, 14. 37% farmers were able to make the optimal elimination day-old decisions, while 24. 76% farmers made the early elimination decisions, and 60. 87% farmers made delayed elimination decisions. The delayed elimination decisions were the most common among all farmers. 3)By analyzing the determining factors of optimal elimination day-old, market situation, such as feed prices, prices of eliminated chicken, African swine fever epidemic and farmers' market forecasts, could increase the probabilities of early or delayed elimination. From the perspective of information channels, information from relatives and friends is more useful in making the best elimination age decisions, while information from government channels increases the probabilities of early or late elimination. However, information channels from internet and leading companies do not show significant effects on elimination day-old decisions. In addition, farmers' cyclical decisions can be influenced by related livestock industries(e. g. the pig industry). Therefore, government and laying hen industry should provide more training to scientifically instruct the farmers' decision making of breeding cycle of laying hens and enhance farmers' scientific awareness of the optimal elimination day-old. Moreover, the price release mechanisms of important agricultural production materials and agricultural products need to be improved from upstream and downstream chains. From the viewpoint of industry linkages among various industries, strengthening the monitoring and early warning of price linkages between livestock and poultry industries in the context of unexpected events are also of great importance.Keywords：marginal equilibrium principle;optimal elimination day-old;determining factors;market situation16|22|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2023-12-22
- Abstract：In order to discuss the influence of village identity and relationship network on the willingness of rural living environment, the survey data of 501 farmers in Jiangxi Province was selected, and the multiple ordered Logit model and the mesomeric effect model were used to empirically test the relationship between the three models. The results indicate that: Village domain identity can significantly enhance the willingness of farmers to participate in the improvement of living environment, and has a more significant effect on enhancing the willingness of highly educated and village cadres farmers to participate in the improvement of living environment; For every 1% increase in the village identity and relationship network of the household head, the probability of choosing to participate in environmental improvement will increase by 23% and 7% respectively; The relationship network plays a partial mediating role in the impact of village identity on farmers' willingness to participate in the renovation of human settlements, and its mesomeric effect value is 0. 095; The village identity of farmers can not only enhance their willingness to participate in the improvement of their living environment, but also promote their implementation into specific behaviors and enhance their participation in environmental improvement. Therefore, the government should improve the basic living conditions in rural areas, strengthen the service functions of village committees, and strengthen the promotion and education of Hemei Village to increase farmers' willingness to participate in rural living environment improvement.Keywords：willingness to improve the environment;village identity;relationship network;mediation effect10|12|2<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2023-12-22
- Abstract：The aims of this study were to explore the reasons for the deviation between farmers' willingness and their behavior to apply organic fertilizer, and alleviate the current situation of agricultural environmental pollution. Based on the survey data of 730 farmers who have the intention to apply organic fertilizer in Gansu Province, this study empirically investigates the impact of social capital and various dimensions on farmers' willingness to use organic fertilizer and their behavior deviation from the perspective of social capital, and verifies the intermediary effect of information availability by using the binary Logit model and intermediary effect model. The results show that: 1)Social capital has a significant inhibitory effect on the deviation between farmers' willingness to use organic fertilizer and their behavior. The richer the social capital of farmers is, the stronger the possibility of their willingness to use organic fertilizer to transform into their behavior. 2)All dimensions of social capital have a significant impact on the deviation of farmers' willingness and behavior to apply organic fertilizer, and the impact direction is negative. The impact effect is social norms(13. 1%), social networks(4. 7%), and social trust(4. 1%)from the largest to the smallest. 3)The availability of information has a mediating effect in the social capital and various dimensions affecting the farmers' willingness and behavior to apply organic fertilizer. The social capital and various dimensions have a direct impact on the farmers' willingness and behavior to use organic fertilizer, and have an indirect impact through the availability of information. Social capital and availability of information are important factors that affect the deviation of farmers' willingness and behavior to apply organic fertilizer. Therefore, in the process of promoting the transformation of farmers' willingness to apply organic fertilizer to their behavior, close attention should be paid to the accumulation of farmers' social capital and increase the cultivation of their social capital. Meanwhile, the government and other relevant departments should broaden the sources of farmers' information access channels through various forms of training activities, increase the number of information access channels, increase the availability of farmers' information, provide farmers with relevant knowledge about green production, and let green production penetrate into the hearts of farmers.Keywords：social capital;information availability;mediation effect;organic fertilizer;willingness and behavior8|12|8<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2023-12-22
- Abstract：To explore how industrial power forms and affects global industrial chain governance, a “technology system norm” analysis framework was constructed based on structural power theory. Taking the cotton industry as an example, the experience of Western developed countries, which led by the United States in constructing and leading the operation of global cotton industrial chains, was analyzed. The results show that: 1)The industrial power has evolved into structural power to control the industrial chain; 2)Technological innovation is the driving force for the development of the cotton industry. Western developed countries, relying on their technological advantages and technological monopolies, have controlled the power to influence the global economy; 3)Institutional supply plays a regulatory role in the construction of industrial power. Western developed countries have influenced the global cotton trade system, causing developing countries to face an unfair trade environment and squeezing their opportunity for upgrading the industrial chain; 4)Norm identification determines the rationality of the existence of global industrial power. Western developed countries attempt to elevate their moral and ethical standards to “universal standards”, which become effective weapons to suppress and exclude developing country competitors. 5)The competition between developing and developed countries in terms of industrial power will be a long-term and gradual process. However, it is the necessary process to promote the development of the global cotton industry order towards a more fair and reasonable direction. Based on the above results, this study concludes by proposing to strengthen institutional supply that is conducive to technological innovation and open cooperation in the cotton industry, to achieve coordinated development between global responsibility and the interests and demands of developing countries themselves. It is necessary to enhance the competitiveness of cotton related enterprises, accelerate institutional, technological, and organizational innovation, and shape good corporate image, give full play to the role of industry associations in communication, coordination, service, and supervision, and improve the sustainable production standards and certification recognition system of “China Cotton”, improve the technological cotton planting level, market risk assessment, and market profitability of cotton producers, and improve the quality of cotton production and global market competitiveness.Keywords：global cotton industry chain;industrial power;case analysis;connotation;logic paradigm;countermeasures21|33|2<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2023-12-22
