Issue Ebookcover storyIssue CoverIssue Contents
List of IssuesDocument Types
- Abstract：To address the development of soilless cultivation technology of plants, the literature published in Web of Science, Pub Med and HowNet from 1989 to 2021 was retrieved by using “soilless cultivation”, “matrix cultivation”, “fog cultivation” and “hydroponic cultivation” as keywords. The core technologies of soilless cultivation were summarized and analyzed. The results showed that: 1)Soilless culture mainly includes hydroponic culture, fog culture and substrate culture. Substrate culture with low cost and simple operation is the most popular method, while fog culture and hydroponic culture with higher operation requirements and cost have great potential in the construction of high-efficiency plant cultivation factory. 2)Exploring highly efficient, water-saving and sustainable organic planting technology, integrating artificial intelligence and internet of things technology and developing intelligent agriculture suitable for conventional environment and harsh environment are proposed for promising soilless cultivation. 3)The miniaturized, family, exquisite and intelligent soilless cultivation technology for the individual planting needs of indoor and building space is also promising. 4)More attention needs be paid to its applications in confined space planting and space planting technology.Keywords：soilless cultivation;organic planting;intelligent agriculture;space planting18|12|9<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：The aims of this study were to sort out the application status and related research progress of mechanical equipment in the rapid development of hydroponic leafy vegetable factory, and provide reference for the research and development of hydroponic leafy vegetable mechanical equipment. Taking the sowing, seedling raising, transplanting and harvesting links of hydroponic leaf vegetable as breakthroughs, this study focused on the research status and development trend of sowing machinery, transplanting machinery and harvesting machinery related to the whole process of hydroponic leaf vegetable production at home and abroad. The results showed that: High and new technologies such as visual recognition and expert intelligent system are being integrated into hydroponic machinery, and the machinery in sowing, transplanting and harvesting is developing towards intelligence and precision. However, due to the influence of factors such as machinery price and applicability, the mechanized application of all links in the production of hydroponic leafy vegetables is low. In addition to a certain application of sowing machinery in the sowing link, the transplanting and harvesting of hydroponic leafy vegetables basically relied on labor, and the mechanized application of the whole process of hydroponic leafy vegetables is still blank. At present, the government should increase investment in scientific research. Researcher should pay attention to strengthen the integration of hydroponic agronomy and agricultural machinery, focus on the innovative research of hydroponic transplanter and harvester, break through the weak links, and develop hydroponic leaf vegetable machinery according to circumstances.Keywords：plant factory;hydroponic leafy vegetables;seeding machinery;transplanting machinery;harvesting machinery12|8|3<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：The aims of this study were to help researchers to broaden the ideas of plug seedling transplanters development, allow practitioners in this field to understand the research status and existing problems of greenhouse plug seedling transplanters in a timely and comprehensive manner, fill technical vacancies and improve China's plug seedlings mechanized transplanting level. Through using the method of literature summarization, this study compared the current plug seedling transplanting situation and representative equipment at home and abroad and analyzed the research progress of crucial technical and component design of plug seedling transplanter. The results show that: The uncertainty of cultivation mode, equipment application quality evaluation, and other factors caused by the lack of standards for plug seedling transplanting makes it hard to develop new transplanting machines. In addition, the functions of the existing transplanters are monotonous, and they are not smart enough to automatically carry out the multi-functions such as quality inspection, grading, counting, and seedling replenishment. There is a lack of overall layout planning, transplanting strategy and process optimization in transplanting machines design, resulting in the large size of the machine and poor applicability. In view of the problems mentioned above, in order to promote this industry development regularly, the following suggestions are put forward: The standards for greenhouse plug seedlings transplanting should be introduced as soon as possible, New technology such as machine vision needs to be applied in transplanters, machine functions and intelligence need to be improved, and the overall design of the transplanter must be strengthened and the operation process is optimized.Keywords：greenhouse;plug seedlings;transplanters;research status6|20|9<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：In view of the low utilization rate of wind energy in the traditional orchard multi-fan air-assisted sprayer and the scattered and drifted spray effect from the fan port to the target, the performances of the wind converging of the air-assisted spray system equipped with different types of wind converging ducts(straight type, tapered type, gradual opening type)are studied. The reliability of the simulation model and calculation is determined by the simulation of the wind converging duct wind field and the design of benchmarking tests. Single factor test and response surface parameter optimization test are performed to analyze the influence of the type of wind converging duct, length of the wind converging duct, and speed of the fan on the characteristics of the air collector. The optimal design combination of the parameters of wind converging duct is also determined. The results show that: The air-assisted spray system with a wind-collecting tube has a significantly better stress effect on the droplets than the one without a wind tube. It shows a better wind-converging effect, and the performance of the tapered wind tube is particularly obvious; The order of airflow concentration performances from high to low is tapered wind duct, straight cylinder wind duct, involute wind duct, and no wind duct. The horizontal penetration performance of the coercive mist droplets from high to low is tapered duct, straight duct, and involunte duct; The length of the air duct is within the range of 30-70 cm. The longer the length of the wind converging duct is, the better the wind gathering performance is; When the speed increases by multiples, the peak wind field speed also increases by multiples, and the change of speed does not affect the location of the peak speed. In conclusion, the optimal parameters design combination of the wind are as follows: The wind converging duct type is tapered wind duct type, the length of the windduct is 70 cm, the fan speed is 1 440 r/min, the wind speed under this combination is 4. 156 m/s, and the longitudinal width of the wind field is 1 585. 32 mm.Keywords：air-assisted sprayer;axial fan;wind converging duct;air delivery system;orthogonal test;response surface method7|9|4<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：In order to solve the problems of low air volume and low energy efficiency ratio of agricultural axial flow fan, this study took MODEL YJD90S-4 galvanized iron sheet agricultural axial flow fan as the research object. The Wind chamber test, reverse modeling, CFD numerical simulation, circumferential vorticity analysis and other methods were adopted, and the groove width of blade surface D=6, 8, 10, 12 mm and the groove radiuses 25%h, 50%h and 75%h (h was blade height)were set, These three factors of single slot and double slot were arranged and combined to develop a total of 24 slotting schemes. The numerical simulation and circumferential vorticity analysis were carried out for all schemes. D=10 mm, R=25%h, single slot(Scheme 1), D=10 mm, R=75%h single slot(Scheme 2)and D=10 mm, R=25%h, 75%h, double slot(Scheme 3)were identified the better schemes, and the results of air volume and energy efficiency ratio of the three schemes were studied. The results show that: 1)When the geometric model of galvanized iron sheet agricultural axial flow fan is established by reverse modeling method, the numerical simulation results are in good agreement with the performance test results of prototype fan, indicating that reverse modeling technology can be applied to the study of agricultural axial flow fan; 2)Under the static pressure condition of 19. 6 Pa inlet commonly used for agricultural axial flow fans, the fan flow rate and energy efficiency ratio of the three schemes are improved compared with the prototype fan, and the improvement is most obvious when D=10 mm, R=75%h and single slot(Scheme 2)are adopted. The air flow rate is increased by about 90 m3/h and energy efficiency ratio is increased by about 3. 2%. 3)By analyzing the 3D mapping of circumferential vorticity, it is found that when D=10 mm, R=75%h and a single slot is opened(Scheme 2), the positive circumferential vorticity at the hub moves to the tip of the blade, and the positive circumferential vorticity gathers at the top of the blade, increasing its positive contribution to the total pressure flow and making the negative circumferential vorticity distributed at 70%h of the blade move to the blade root. The negative circumferential vorticity near the blade root shows a phenomenon of closure, and the negative circumferential vorticity gathers at the blade root to reduce its negative contribution to the total pressure flow.Keywords：agricultural axial fan;circumferential vorticity;numerical simulation3|9|1<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Aiming at the problems of the poor running performance and low operating convenience of existing orchard mowers in hilly and mountainous areas, an articulated steering orchard mower was designed. The articulated steering orchard mower was studied by theoretical analysis, simulation and field experiment. The results showed that the maximum driving speed of the articulated steering orchard lawn mower was 5. 9 km/h, the cutter speed was 1 450-3 850 rad/min, the minimum turning radius was 466. 4 mm, the longitudinal limit overturning angle of climbing and descending slope was respectively 37. 47° and 60. 99°, and the lateral limit overturning angle was 48. 76°. The results of ANSYS WORKBENCH software analysis showed that the maximum deformation and maximum equivalent stress of the lawn mower frame under four working condition, including straight on flat ground, maximum angle steering on flat ground, straight climbing and straight downhill, were 0. 034 4 mm and 20. 06 MPa, respectively. The field test showed that the utilization rate of the articulated steering orchard mower was 98. 9%, the average fragmentation was 85. 9%, and the stubble height was basically in line with the set height, which could meet the demands of orchard operation in small plots of hills and mountains.Keywords：orchard mower;hills and mountains;articulated steering;oil-electric mixing;static analysis;field test4|8|2<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：In view of the problems of long research and development cycle and high design cost in traditional large-scale corn harvester design mode, the function division of corn harvester is conducted by using the hierarchical module division method. The overall functions are decomposed into primary functions, secondary functions and functional carriers. After the main product structure is established, the whole machine is divided into nine functional modules. Based on the nine functional modules, the module division principle based on the interface relationship of function-assembly-energy is proposed. The weighted fuzzy matrix is established through the functional relation, assembly relation and energy-interface relation among components, and the abstract relation is mapped into concrete association matrix. By solving the incidence matrix with hierarchical clustering algorithm, the nine functional modules are subdivided into several sub-modules, and the precise division of component modules at component level is realized. Based on Qt Creator platform, a modular rapid design system for large-scale corn harvester, which can complete the functions of module division, module management and module configuration according to the needs of user and realize the rapid design of large-scale corn harvester, is developed.Keywords：module division;corn harvester;rapid design;hierarchical clustering4|10|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：In order to systematically and comprehensively analyze the adaptability of different color indices for image segmentation of the paddy fields in southern China, 36 commonly used color indices were selected to study the images of paddy field at the tillering and jointing stages. Otsu thresholding method was used to carry out image segmentation research based on color indices and threshold values. By comparing the segmentation results of each color index, the main disturbing factors were selected and the most suitable color indices for paddy fields image segmentation were identified. The results showed that: The reflection of rice and duckweed were the main factors disturbing paddy fields image segmentation at tillering stage, and leaf specular reflection, duckweed and shadows in the ground were the main factors disturbing segmentation of images at jointing stage. Indices COM2, MxEG, CIVE and GMR presented the better image segmentations of rice canopy at tillering stage and jointing stage of rice. In conclusion, image segmentation based on Otsu, COM2, MxEG, CIVE, GMR with Otsu threshhold is able to to distinguish the interference elements of images segmentation, and more suitable for southern paddy image processing research.Keywords：color indices;image segmentation;digital image;Otsu thresholding4|10|4<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：To investigate the quantitative effects of irrigation methods, irrigation levels and crop varieties on the water use efficiency and yield of maize in China, 110 papers published from 2000-01-01 to 2020-12-31 were retrieved by using “maize”, “drip irrigation” and “water use efficiency/yield” as subject search terms on CNKI and Web of Science. According to the established screening criteria, 94 groups of relevant data from 21 papers were included for Meta-Analysis. The results showed that: 1)Using 40%-60% ETc(crop water requirement)as control, compared with 60%-80% ETc, 100%-120% ETc and 120%-140% ETc, the irrigation amount of 80%-100% ETc had the highest effect value of water use efficiency with SMD=2. 83(P<0. 05). The effect value of yield was also higher with SMD=1. 70(P>0. 05). 2)Under 80%-100% ETc, using drip irrigation as control, the combined effect of water use efficiency under border irrigation, furrow irrigation and flood irrigation was SMD=-4. 55(P<0. 05), and the combined effect of yield was SMD=-1. 34(P<0. 05). 3)Under 80%-100% ETc and using‘Zhengdan 958'as control, compared with ‘Ximeng 6', ‘Shendan 10', ‘Qiule 126'and ‘Nonghua 101', ‘Jingke 958'had the highest effect value of water use efficiency with SMD=4. 53(P<0. 05). The effect value of yield was also the highest with SMD=6. 70(P<0. 05). Therefore, application of drip irrigation in the irrigation areas can increase production and save water. The water use efficiency(WUE)and yield increased by 45. 5% and 13. 4%, respectively. At the same time, when the drip irrigation level is controlled at 80%-100% ETc, the effect of water-saving and yield increase is better.8|10|8<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：In order to explore the accuracy and repeatability of machine vision technology in determination of maize seed viability, the seeds of ‘Sanbei 6' maize variety were taken as experimental materials in this study. The swelling maize seeds were cut longitudinally along the embryo, and then placed in 0. 1% triphenyl tetrazolium chloride(TTC)solution, and stained for 2 h at 30 ℃ in dark. Image J and PhenoSeed software were used for image analysis. Combined with artificial observation and identification, the relationship between the color index of maize seed embryo, the staining ratio and seed viability was analyzed. The results showed that the accuracy rate of vitality detection model based on color characteristics of embryo after TTC staining of ‘Sanbei 6' maize seeds is more than 83%. The seeds of six other maize varieties were randomly selected for model validation. The results showed that there was no significant difference between the predicted germination percentage and the true value.Keywords：seed vigor;maize seed;tetrazolium test;machine vision technology;modeling4|9|2<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：To explore the applicability of machine vision technology in the rapid clarity detection of the seeds of Chinese medicinal plants, five kinds of common small seeds of Chinese medicinal plants, namely Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, Platycodon grandiflorum(Jacq. )A. DC. , Astragalus membranaceus(Fisch. )Bge. , Perilla frutescens(L. )Britt. , and Bupleulum chinense DC. were collected in this study. A scanner was used to obtain the images of purity seeds, seeds of other plants and impurities. The automatic seed analysis system(PhenoSeed)was then used for batch extraction of the color, size and texture information of purity seeds, seeds of other plants and impurities. Characteristic variables were obtained by correlation analysis and principal component analysis, and multilayer perceptron(MLP)and binary logistic regression(BLR)were adopted to construct rapid seed clarity detection model for the five kinds of Chinese medicinal plants. The results showed that: There were significant differences in the physical features among purity seeds, seeds of other plants and impurities. The accuracies of both the training set and testing set of the MLP clarity model based on different features of different seeds were above 96. 0%. The stability of the MLP model performed better than that of the BLR model for different seeds. Moreover, it was found that the stability of model by characteristic features was better than the model effect of all 54 features. The characteristic features of MLP model was verified with mixed samples with different clarity gradients(75. 0%-100. 0%), and the determination coefficients of regression curves were all above 0. 99. Machine vision technology was used to obtain the color, size and texture information of purity seeds, seeds of other plants and impurities. In conclusion, the MLP model based on above characteristic features can be used to detect the clarity of the seeds of small Chinese medicinal plants quickly.Keywords：small seeds of Chinese medicinal plants;clarity;machine vision;multilayer perceptron(MLP);binary logistic regression(BLR)4|10|1<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：In order to explore the best growth effect of lettuce seed germination and seedling growth under far red light irradiation and drought stress. Under the far-red light irradiation mode, three varieties of lettuce were selected, and different degrees of drought conditions were set. Three factors and three-level orthogonal experiments were carried out. The optimal level of orthogonal experiment and the primary and secondary relationship of three factors were determined, and the optimal scheme suitable for lettuce seed germination and seedling growth was analyzed and verified. The results showed that: When the loose leaf varieties were irradiated with far-red light at night there was no drought stress during seed germination. However, under the condition of increasing PEG solution with mass concentration of 100 g/L at seedling stage, the germination potential, germination rate, germination index, root length, stem and leaf length and fresh weight of lettuce seeds reached the optimal level. Compared with the most unfavorable level, the optimal level increased by 107. 84%, 63. 27%, 74. 02%, 173. 75%, 70. 53% and 234. 26%, respectively. The influencing factors of orthogonal test were lettuce variety, far-red light environment and drought degree. The results of verification showed that when seedlings were grown under the intermittent supplementary irradiation of far-red light at night and the condition of mild drought, the root length, stem and leaf length and fresh weight increased by 2. 75%-45. 45%, 13. 43%-67. 10% and 7. 46%-81. 15%, respectively, compared with continuous far red light irradiation or no drought stress. In conclusion, it is more conducive to the elongation of roots, stems and leaves and the accumulation of fresh weight. This study provides references for utilization the means of light to promote plant germination and seedling growth and development.Keywords：far-red light;loose-leaf lettuce;orthogonal test;drought stress4|9|1<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：In order to solve the problems of having many empirical elements and the weak generalization ability of plant height growth simulation model in greenhouse cucumber production, three glass greenhouses were selected to collect the data. Taking the environmental element and time element as input and the daily plant height growth as output, the simulation model of plant height growth in five growth stages of cucumber was established by XGBoost model and compared with LASSO model. Pearson correlation analysis and feature importance score of XGBoost model were used to determine the key elements affecting plant height growth in each growth stage. The results showed that: 1)The simulation performance of XGBoost fitting effect in full fruiting stage was general. The simulation effect in the seeding stage was the best, and the determination coefficient was 0. 821. 2)The key elements affecting plant height growth in seedling stage, tendril elongation stage and fruiting stage were growth days in the current growth stage, daily average humidity and daily average temperature, respectively. In conclusion, the plant height growth simulation model of greenhouse cucumber established in this study can provide decision support for the regulation and optimization of greenhouse cucumber production environment.Keywords：cucumber;greenhouse;plant height;extreme gradient boosting model;simulation model4|9|2<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：In order to promote the soil water infiltration, improve the soil water retention capacity, and promote apple production, with clean tillage as control, the effects of self-sown grass of lasted different years(Stellaria media and Malachium aquaticum community, the self-sown grass lasted 12, 8 and 4 years)on soil porosity, soil water retention, soil infiltration, apple quality and others were systematically investigated in Weibei dry plateau. The results showed that: The self-sown grass had no significant effect on soil bulk density and soil porosity of orchard in 0-40 cm soil layer, but the self-sown grass significantly increased soil moisture, soil field moisture capacity and soil saturation moisture, extremely significant increased soil water infiltration rate. The longer the self-sown grass lasted years, the greater the effects were. The self-sown grass increased the fruit yields, fruit red coefficient, fruit firmness, fruit soluble solids content and the ratio of soluble solids to titratable acid, but had no significant effects on single fruit weight, fruit shape index and fruit titratable acid content. To sum up, the self-sown grass improved soil permeability, promoted soil infiltration, and increased fruit yield and quality. Therefore, the self-sown grass can be an effective measure to improve soil water storage and water conservation of orchard in Weibei dry plateau.Keywords：self-sown grass;apple;soil porosity;soil infiltration;fruit quality5|11|15<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：To provide theoretical basis for the optimal management of nitrogen in pepper production, the dynamic changes in pepper LAI(leaf aera index)and PDT(physiological development time)under different nitrogen levels were quantitatively analyzed based on the plot experiments. Three varieties(‘Qianla10' ‘Qianjiao 5' ‘Zhongjiao 6')were used and five nitrogen levels(N0-N4: 0. 00, 51. 75, 103. 50, 155. 25 and 241. 50 kg/hm2)were set. A dynamic change model for pepper LAI was constructed, and the relationship between the model parameters and nitrogen level was quantified. The results showed that: 1)Pepper LAI showed a unimodal curve variation with PDT, and it increased first and then decreased with the rise of nitrogen level. The velocity of pepper LAI showed a unimodal curve as a whole with the accumulation of PDT. 2)The dynamic change of pepper LAI was simulated by subsection function. The model test demonstrated that the determination coefficient R2 was all above 0. 95 and RRMSE was all less than 20%, which indicated that the simulation effect was good. 3)PDThalf showed the time sequence of LAI peak demonstrated linear positive correlation with nitrogen level, and the other parameters showed quadratic correlation regression function. 4)The maximum and mean of pepper LAI increased first and then decreased with the increasing nitrogen level. In conclusion, the model constructed in this study has better prediction function, stronger biological significance and certain practicability. This model can provide a theoretical basis for high-quality and high-yield cultivation of pepper.Keywords：pepper;leaf area index;nitrogen level;physiological development time;model5|11|4<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：In order to explore the regulatory role of microRNAs(miRNAs)on red-color leaf formation in ornamental kale at the post-transcriptional level, the red and white leaf series of ornamental kale including the ‘Purple Pigeon' and ‘White Pigeon' cultivars were selected as research materials in this study. Based on the high-throughput sequencing technology, small RNA(sRNA)sequences of purple red(Bo-P)and white(Bo-W)inner leaves were analyzed. The results showed that: A total of 77 known and 33 novel miRNAs were differentially expressed between the Bo-P and Bo-W libraries; Based on the results of differential expression of miRNAs and annotation of the corresponding target genes, two DEMs(miR828 and miR858-3)were also identified, which might be related to anthocyanin biosynthesis of the red leaf; The results of qRT-PCR were basically consistent with the results of high-throughput sequencing. The two results all showed that the expression level of miR828 in purple red and white inner leaves was significantly different. Based on these above results, it is concluded that miR828 and miR858-3(especially miR828)are possibly involved in mediating formation of the red-color leaf phenotype at the post-transcriptional level. The study will provide a theoretical basis and a new perspective for further revealing the molecular regulation mechanism of leaf color in ornamental kale.Keywords：ornamental kale;miRNAs;red-color leaf;anthocyanins;differential expression12|8|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：In order to clarify the promoter sequence characteristics of terpene synthase gene(LhTPS)in lily, the promoters of eight lily cultivars were cloned and bioinformatically analyzed using inverse PCR technique and bioinformatic software such as DNAMAN and PlantCARE. The results showed that: 1)The cloned LhTPS gene promoter sequences were 1 376-1 414 bp in length. The homology of gene promoters was 90. 26%. A total of 404 nucleotide polymorphism sites and 6 indels larger than 5 bp were identified; 2)There were core elements and responsiveness elements in LhTPS promoters. The responsiveness elements were classified into into 4 categories, which were plant growth and development responsiveness, light responsiveness, stress responsiveness and phytohormone, responsiveness, respectively. CGTCA-motif, TGACG-motif, MYC and MYB associated with MeJA-responsiveness and contained the largest proportion of cis-element accounting; 3)Based on the promoter sequence information, the eight lily cultivars were divided into four groups, e. g. , Oriental, Asiatic, Trumpet and Orienpet, and it was consisted with the traditional classification. In conclusion, research on the first cloned LhTPS promoters laid a basis for future studies on their activity and function, and would also be beneficial for elucidation of regulatory mechanism of lily terpenoids.Keywords：Lilium;terpene synthase;promoter;cis-acting elements;floral scent6|8|1<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：The object of this study is to explore the effects of microbial agents to promoting plant growth and seedling quality of Panax notoginseng. P. notoginseng seeds were used as materials and randomized block experiments were set. The effects of three microbial agents on the seed germination, seedling survival and seedling growth, root rot disease occurrence and seedling quality were evaluated comprehensively. The results showed that: 1)These three microbial agents were beneficial to the seedling survival, but some certain inhibitory effects on seed germination were observed. Among them, the treatment with 200 times dilution of plant probiotics No. 1 displayed the best effect. 2)The root rot disease control effect of Trichoderma harzianum was better than others. The average incidence of root rot in descending order during growth period was plant probiotics No. 1(1. 79%)>Ningdun(1. 42%)>control(1. 17%)>T. harzianum (0. 58%). 3)All three microbial agents had a significant effects on the growth of aboveground parts and seedling saponins accumulation. By comparing with the control treatment, the total saponins content of 200 times dilution of plant probiotics No. 1 and 100 times dilution of Ningdun water agent were significantly higher which increased by 36. 96% and 30. 97%, respectively. In summary, the microbial agents treatment of P. notoginseng seeds is beneficial to the growth of aboveground parts, seedling survival and saponins accumulation. Among them, 200 times dilution of plant probiotics No. 1 has the best effect. This study can provide a theoretical and scientific basis for the rational application of microbial agents on P. notoginseng.Keywords：Panax notoginseng;microbial agents;agronomic trait;root rot disese;saponin content4|14|8<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：To lay a theoretical basis for alfalfa soil testing and fertilizer recommendation in China, this study retrieved literature on alfalfa fertilization in China, extracted soil available P(SAP), the forage yields with P fertilizer treatment and without P fertilizer treatment. The scattered experimental data integration method and the new formula based on nutrient balance were employed to investigate the abundance and deficiency index(ADI)of SAP and the recommended P application rates(RPAR)for alfalfa in the six great natural regions, which were Northeast plain, Huanghuaihai plain, Loess plateau, Inner Mongolia plateau, Northwest desert oasis, South region, and whole China. The results showed that: The ADI of soil Olsen-P for alfalfa in whole China from the 1st to 10th level were ≥40. 3, 19. 7-40. 3, 9. 6-19. 7, 4. 7-9. 6, 2. 3-4. 7, 1. 2-2. 3, 0. 6-1. 2, 0. 3-0. 6, 0. 2-0. 3 and <0. 2 mg/kg, respectively; To achieve the yield target of alfalfa 9-27 t/hm2 and the P fertilizer use efficiency 20%, the RPAR for the SAP abundance and deficiency levels of from 1st to 10th were 0, 27-81, 54-162, 81-243, 108-324, 135-405, 162-486, 189-567, 216-648 and 243-729 kg/hm2, respectively. This study established a system to recommend phosphorus application rates for alfalfa in China based on ADI of SAP and provided scientific basis for soil testing and fertilizer recommendation for alfalfa in China.Keywords：alfalfa;soil testing and fertilizer recommendation;soil available P;abundance and deficiency index;fertilization index;fertilizer application rate4|10|7<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：The objective of this study was to investigate dynamic change of transcriptome of cumulus-oocyte complexes(COCs)during antral follicle development of the yak(Bos grunniens). COCs obtained from small(2-3 mm), medium(4-5 mm)and large(6-8 mm)antral follicles of the yak and RNA sequencing was performed by Illumina platform. The differentially expressed genes(DEGs)were identified, and GO analysis and KEGG annotation were conducted. The result showed that: 1)A total of 17 342 genes were expressed in COCs of small, medium and large follicles; 2)A total of 879 DEGs were detected between small and medium COCs, of which 435 genes were up-regulated and 444 genes were down-regulated. DEGs annotated 106 GO terms, including 46 terms in biological process(BP), 25 terms in cellular component(CC)and 35 terms in molecular function(MF), involving 254 KEGG pathways. There were 1 560 DEGs between medium and large COCs, of which 590 genes were up-regulated and 970 genes were down-regulated. 3)These DEGs were classified into 114 GO terms, including 55 terms in BP, 16 terms in CC and 33 terms in MF, involving 276 KEGG pathways. The most important pathways were neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, cell adhesion molecules, calcium signaling pathway, cAMP signaling pathway, etc. In conclusion, the results showed that there was a large difference in DEGs, GO terms and KEGG pathways at different stage of yak follicle development, which provided theoretical foundation for elucidating molecular mechanisms which control follicle development and for improving in vitro maturation of yak oocytes.Keywords：Yak;cumulus-oocyte complex;transcriptome;RNA-Seq8|9|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：The aim of this study was to screen the key differential proteins affecting the specific deposition of inosine monphosphate(IMP)in chest muscle and leg muscle of Jingyuan chicken. In the previous stage, the contents of IMP and inosine were determined by high performance liquid chromatography, and the proteome sequences of chest and leg muscles of 180-day-old Jingyuan chickens with the same genetic background were sequenced by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(LC-MS/MS). In this study, real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR(RT-qPCR)was used to analyze the expression of related genes, and the differentially expressed proteins related to IMP synthesis were screened by proteome sequencing data. Bioinformatics analysis and correlation analysis between differentially expressed proteins and IMP were conducted. The results showed that: 1)The corresponding gene expression of the differential protein was consistent with the proteome sequencing data. 2)Through KEGG pathway enrichment analysis, it was found that differentially expressed proteins PKM2 and PGM1 were identified from purine metabolism pathway. 3)At the same time, GO functional enrichment analysis of differentially expressed proteins PKM2 and PGM1 showed that PKM2 was mainly involved in biological processes such as ATP production, purine nucleoside metabolism and glycolysis of ADP, cellular components such as organelles and cytoplasm, and molecular functions such as magnesium ion binding, pyruvate kinase activity and phosphotransferase activity; PGM1 participates in biological processes such as carbohydrate metabolism and organic metabolism, and its molecular function involves magnesium ion binding and isomerase activity. 4)Protein network interaction analysis further discovered that PKM2 interacted with 11 proteins such as ENO4 and GAPDH, and PGM1 interacted with 10 proteins such as PGM2 and TKT. 5)The correlation analysis between PKM2, PGM1 and IMP in chest muscle and leg muscle of Jingyuan chicken showed that there was a negative correlation between PKM2 mRNA expression and IMP content in breast muscle of Jingyuan chicken(r=0. 171 0). However, there was a very significant positive correlation between PKM2 mRNA expression and IMP content in leg muscle (r=0. 735 0)(P<0. 01); The expression of PGM1 mRNA expression in chest muscle and leg muscle was negatively correlated with IMP content(r=0. 536 2, -0. 512 5)(P<0. 01). These results provide a scientific basis for improving the flavor of Jingyuan chicken and promoting the development and utilization of local breed resources.Keywords：Jingyuan chichen;chest muscle;leg muscle;inosine monphosphate;proteomics11|9|1<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：To preliminarily analyze the stability of rifaximin in artificial gastric/intestinal fluid, the intestinal flora, and tissue samples of rat, rifaximin was spiked into blank artificial gastric fluid(pH=1. 3, without enzyme), blank artificial intestinal fluid(pH = 6. 8, without enzyme), artificial gastric fluid(pH=1. 3, with pepsin), artificial intestinal fluid(pH=6. 8, with trypsin), the intestinal flora of SD rats(males)and homogenates of different tissue samples for different incubation time, respectively. The percentage of residual rifaximin was detected by high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC). The results showed that: 1)In blank simulated gastric fluid, the percentage of residual rifaximin decreased with the increase of incubation time, but it was still above 90%. After incubation in artificial gastric juice for 6 h, the percentage of rifaximin was 84. 03%. However, after incubation in the blank and artificial intestinal solutions for 6 h, the percentages decreased to 81. 14% and 78. 12%, respectively. 2)After incubation in the intestinal flora of SD rats for 12 h, the percentage was still more than 90% with a stable trend although rifaximin exhibited partial degradation. 3)When rifaximin was incubated in homogenates of rats' stomach, liver, small and large intestines for 6 h, the percentages of residual rifaximin were 92. 09%, 75. 95%, 78. 24% and 83. 90%, respectively. In conclusion, rifaximin was more stable under acidic conditions while the stability could be influenced by alkaline conditions, pepsin, trypsin, intestinal wall and liver metabolic enzymes. The study will provide data support for the development of rifaxinmin oral preparations for animals.Keywords：rifaximin;artificial gastric fluid;artificial intestinal fluid;intestinal flora;tissue samples;stability3|9|1<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：In order to obtain imidacloprid artificial semi-antigen with higher purity, the reaction sequence and reagents of conventional semi-antigen synthesis were adjusted and optimized, and the most suitable reaction ratio of 3-mercaptopropionic acid was selected. The molecular structure of imidacloprid haten was confirmed by thin layer chromatography, mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonace(NMR). Mice were immunized with imidacloprid complete antigen by coupling the synthesized imidacloprid semi-antigen with carrier protein. The serum antibody titer of mice was determined by indirect ELISA after the third and the fifth immunization. The results showed that: 1)The specific shift values of imidacloprid, reaction system, organic phase and aqueous phase were 0. 55, 0. 23, 0. 50 and 0, respectively; 2)The peak of mass-to-charge ratio 326 was the molecular ion peak of imidacloprid half-antigen, and the number of the remaining impurity ion peaks decreased significantly; 3)The results of NMR analysis were consistent with imidacloprid half-antigen, and the oxidation by-product peak of 3-mercaptopropionic acid decreased; 4)After the third immunization, the serum titer of mice reached 1∶12 800, and the serum titer of mice reached 1∶51 200 after the fifth immunization. In conclusion, the improved method can not only ensure the complete reaction of 3-mercaptopropionic acid, but also reduce the generation of 3-mercaptopropionic acid oxidation by-products and unnecessary impurities. It provides a simple and safe method for the synthesis of imidacloprid semi-antigen, which can also reducee the impurities in the synthesis of semi-antigens. The approach could eventually facilitate the preparation of subsequent monoclonal antibodies to imidacloprid.Keywords：imidacloprid;semi-antigen;synthesis;optimization6|9|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：In order to explore the impact of international linkage on China's food market in the COVID-19 post-epidemic era and ensure food security under the normalization of epidemic situation, the current situation of food security development from the perspective of food supply was analyzed, the problems in food security in the post-epidemic era were point out, and policy measures and strategic suggestions are proposed by learning from the relevant strategic measures of other countries. The result showed that On the whole, the development of China's food security was guaranteed. However, we should attach great importance to the potential risks and challenges of fluctuations in the global food market. In the view of the development trend of global epidemic and the existing problems of China's food security, it was recommended to implement comprehensive policies from five aspects including monitoring and early warning, stabilizing production and supply, improving quality and efficiency, strengthening international policy coordination, and unblocking global supply channels.Keywords：post coronavirus epidemic era;food security;safety precautions;strategy suggestion5|11|6<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：In order to promote farmers to change their fertilizer input behavior and accelerate the substitution of organic fertilizer for chemical fertilizer, based on the survey data of vegetable growers in the main facility vegetable production areas of Huang-Huai-Hai and Bohai Rim, this study discusses the mechanism of farmers' substitution of chemical fertilizer with organic fertilizer. Translog production function model and spline model are used to analyze the current situation of using organic fertilizer instead of chemical fertilizer, factors affecting the substitution relationship between organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer, different substitution performance of heterogeneous farmer. The results show that: 1)The output elasticity of organic fertilizer is 44% higher than that of chemical fertilizer, and the substitution elasticity is 1. 269. 2)The scale of land is moderate and distributed continuously, the production specialization level of farmers is higher, the output effect of organic fertilizer is better, and farmers have stronger awareness of ecological and environmental protection, which is conducive to farmers to replace chemical fertilizer with organic fertilizer. However, at present, the service capacity of cooperative organizations is insufficient, the high quality and good price mechanism has not been effectively formed, and the quality of organic fertilizer is poor, which limits the enthusiasm of farmers to reduce the use of chemical fertilizer. 3)Farmers with family land scale of 0. 500-0. 667 hm2 are more inclined to use organic fertilizer rather than chemical fertilizer. Based on the above results, this study puts forward some suggestions as follows: Promoting continuous production and moderate scale operation; Strengthening the education and providing training for farmers on organic fertilizer knowledge and scientific operation; Stablizing the source of organic fertilizer, and improving the quality and effect of organic fertilizer; Encouraging social service organizations to intervene in production links; Establishing the brand of green agricultural products and realize high quality and good price.Keywords：organic fertilizer;fertilizer reduction;substitution elasticity;household heterogeneity12|13|1<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：To understand farmers' willingness to implement “one household one plot” and better solve the problem of farmland fragmentation, based on the survey data of 468 farmers households in Shandong Province, this study employs the analysis of induced institutional change theory. The binary logistic regression model is constructed to investigate the impact of the differences of the village land endowments on farmers' willingness to implement “one household one plot”. The results show that: 1)Farmers' willingness of “one household one plot” is 82. 91% which is relatively strong; 2)The differences in land fertility, flood risk, and irrigation condition have significantly negative effects on the willingness of “one household one plot”; 3)The number of plots, the average distance from home, age, non-agricultural income ratio have significant positive effects on “one household one plot” willingness, and the average area of plots and household size negate the willingness of “one household one plot”. Policy implications are proposed in this study as follows: The government should allow the village to implement “one household one plot” to satisfy the farmers' urgent wish on land allocation, eliminate the differences in the village land endowments and improve the food production conditions, thus to meet the farmers' urgent wish on the land fragmentation management.Keywords：one household one plot;land endowment;farmer's willingness;binary logistic model7|10|3<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：The purpose of this study is to explore the influence mechanism of farmers' cognition on the management and protection behavior of domestic sewage treatment facilities, based on the theoretical framework of planned behavior. this study uses the micro survey data of 450 farmers in the water source area of the middle route of South-to-North Water Project, Heckman two-stage model to analyze the differences and key factors of farmers' payment behavior. The results show that: Under different domestic sewage treatment modes, the probability and willingness to pay of surveyed farmers are different. The probability and level of farmers who do not have access to any sewage treatment facilities are the lowest. The indexes of behavior attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavior control, age, whether a party member, health status and total household income display significant effects on farmers' payment behavior. The behavior logic of farmers' participation in domestic sewage treatment and management conforms to the theory of planned behavior. Variables including behavior attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavior control, age, whether CPC Party member or not, health status and total family income have significant effects on farmers' payment behavior. Therefore, farmers' cognition should be given full play in promoting their participation in the management and protection of domestic sewage. The Party members and farmers with strong environmental awareness are encouraged to take the lead in the management and protection of sewage treatment facilities. In some areas, the implementation of domestic sewage treatment and protection methods, such as the appropriate payment or work by the beneficiary farmers could be explored.Keywords：cognition;theory of planned behavior;rural domestic sewage treatment;heckman two-stage model;management and protection of sewage treatment facilities5|10|2<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
