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- Abstract：In order to develop markers of Thinopyrum ponticum, Xiaoyan 68 (XN) was taken as study material. A total of 9 667 specific fragments from the alien chromosomes of Xiaoyan 68 (XN) were screened by specific-locus amplified fragment sequencing (SLAF-seq) technology and 823 alien chromosome specific markers were developed. The results of PCR amplification analysis and the chromosome composition in wheat-Thinopyrum translocations showed that the lines amplified the same molecular markers carried the similar exogenous chromosome fragments. Specific markers of wheat-Thinopyrum translocations were obtained. All these newly developed specific markers could be used for rapid detection of the exogenous chromosome fragments in wheat-Th. ponticum progenies.Keywords：Thinopyrum ponticum;wide hybridization;SLAF-seq;molecular markers2|11|2<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：To explore the relationship between the key enzyme gene expression of gibberellin synthesis pathway and different tissues or environmental condition, cotton CCRI49 and 396289 were selected as material, and UBQ7 was selected as reference gene, Relative quantification real-time PCR was developed to determine the gibberellin key gene expression of different cotton organizations under two kinds of ecological environment. The results showed that:compared with Anyang, the average node of first fruiting/sympodial branch of CCRI49 and 396289 were repectively decreased by 2.0 and 2.6 under the growth condition of Alar. In Anyang region, the expression trends of gibberellin related gene were basically identical in tissues, but the expression level in stem was higher, which was beneficial for the growth of plants. In Alar region, the CPS1, KS, and KO gene expressions were significantly down-regulated in CCRI49 and 396289, while GA2ox1 gene expression was up-regulated. The down-regulation of CPS1, KS and KO reduced the synthesis rate of gibberellin, and the up-regulation of GA2ox1 decomposed the active gibberellin. To adapt to the arid and salinized growth environment of Xinjiang, the cotton plant regulate its growth and development by changing the expression of the key enzyme gene of gibberellin in the plant.Keywords：cotton;gibberellin;environmental condition;gene expression2|10|2<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：In order to explore the function of miRNA in kenaf, based on the results of high throughput miRNA sequencing, miR394,a microRNA, precursor gene sequence of kenaf was cloned using kenaf genomic DNA as template. The result showed that the sequence size of pre-miR394 of kenaf was 175 bp, and the precursor sequence formed a stable secondary structure analyzed using Mfold software. A reliable CRISPR/Cas9 target sequence was designed according to the miR394 precursor gene sequence of kenaf. In this study, taking the AtU3b and AtU6-29 plasmids as templates and based on an improved CRISPR/Cas9 multi-target vector system, AtU3b-sgRNA and AtU6-29-sgRNA expression cassettes were successfully constructed using overlapping PCR technique. The two expression cassettes were successfully constructed into pYLCRISPR/Cas9 vectors according to Golden Gate Cloning method. The constructed vector was named pCas9-miR394. pCas9-miR394 was then transiently expressed in the protoplasts of kenaf leaves. The sequencing result indicated that one base mutation occurred at Target site 1(T1) and Target site2 (T2), demonstrating that the pCas9-miR394 vector had target cutting activity in kenaf protoplasts. This vector could be used for subsequent genetic transformation analysis in kenaf.2|7|1<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：The aim of this study was to construct a dedicate ecological risk assessment (ERA) system for bioenergy grasses. The ERA system constructed in this study was composed by 33 questions related to ecological risk traits screened by literature and expert consultations. The trait's scoring process was calculated using the yaahp 10.1 software by analytic hierarchy process (AHP) method. Additionally, 10 tall herbaceous species, whose ecological risks were already defined, were used to test the accuracy of the ERA system. The results showed that the ERA system could accurately confirm the ecological risk of the evaluated plants. Based on the accuracy testing results, classification of the different ecological risk levels for our ERA system was conducted. The results were as following:species with the ERA score higher than 74.5 were defined as the species with high invasion risk (named ‘Rejection’); species with the scores of 54.5-74.5 were defined as uncertain ecological risk, which need further evaluation (named ‘Evaluate’); species with the scores lower than 54.5 were defined as the ecological safe plants (named ‘Accept’).Keywords：bioenergy grasses;ecological risk assessment;analytic hierarchy process (AHP);assessment system6|8|2<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：In order to study the effect of low temperature on the flower bud differentiation of strawberry, ‘Benihope’ strawberry was used as the experiment material. The night low temperature was 11±2℃. Plants grew under routine management were taken as the control (CK). Five different night low temperature treatments started on July 21st for 4 or 6 weeks (short daylength and long daylength) and on August 4th for 2 or 4 weeks were conducted. The morphological observation of flower bud differentiation was performed. Indicators such as flowering stage, flowering stage, and maturity stage were recorded. The yield and fruit quality were measured at each stage. At the same time, the expression level of FaAP1, a specific gene of flower meristem, was detected. The results showed that the flower bud differentiation of strawberry was advanced in an average of 24 d in the 4-6 weeks night low temperature treatment, the initial flowering stage was advanced about 13 d, flourishing florescence time 9 d, and the initial bearing time was advanced around 15 d. The yield before mid-December was significantly higher than that of the control. The expression of FaAP1 was advanced in an average of 14 d. There was no significant effect on the soluble solids content, fruit shape index and average fruit weight of the fruit. In summary, night low temperature for 4-6 weeks before colonization can promote the flower bud differentiation, bloom and fruit bearing of strawberry, advance the fruit bearing, so that strawberries can be listed in advance two weeks to achieve the purpose of improving economic efficiency.Keywords：strawberry;flower bud differentiation;low temperature;AP;1;fruit quality2|10|11<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：To enhance the compatibility of distant hybridization for improving breeding efficiency, 5 cross combinations of 3 types were set:1) Leathery flower disc subgroups hybridization:Paeonia ostii ‘Fengdan Bai’×P. suffruticosa ‘Hoki’, P. rockii×P. suffruticosa ‘XueyingTaohua’; 2) Intersubsectional hybridization:P. delavayi×P. suffruticosa ‘JitsugetsuNishiki’, P. qiui×P. lutea; 3) Intersectional hybridization:P. rockii×P. lactiflora ‘HongyanZhenghui’. Each combination was processed in four treatments:KCl solution treatment (2.0%, 3.5% and 5.0% KC, respectively), NaCl solution treatment (1.5%, 3.0% and 4.5% NaCl respectively), GA3 treatment (25, 50 and 75 mg/L GA3, respectively). The stigmas were treated with these pollen culture solutions to compare their effects on seed-setting rate. The result showed that:1) The effect of KCl solution treatment was better than that of NaCl solution, and the concentration of 3.5% KCl worked the best; 2) The seed-setting rate in each combination all reached the highest in the GA3 treatments, and the 25 mg/L GA3 treatment was the most appropriate; 3) The optimum pollen culture solution was:Sucrose 100 g/L + H3BO3 0.08 g/L+CaCl2 10 mg/L, but it was only effective for Paeonia ostii ‘Fengdan Bai’ ×P. suffruticosa Hoki cross combination.Keywords：Paeonia;distant hybridization;treatment of stigma;seed-setting rate1|8|4<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Ca2+ is a ubiquitous signaling molecule. Calcium signal transduction plays an important regulatory role in a variety of physiological and biochemical activities of cells. More and more evidence shows that Calcium signal is involved in oocytes meiosis. Calcium homeostasis is the dynamic balance of intracellular Ca2+ signals in both time and space. The study of calcium homeostasis in oocytes is one of the important research hotspots. This article reviews the effects of calcium homeostasis and calcium on the meiotic resumption from diplotene arrest, meiotic resumption from MⅡ arrest and apoptosis. Studies have found that in certain mammals, oocyte exit the block from both the diplotene and MⅡ phases by appropriately increasing intracellular calcium levels, however, intracellular calcium that exceeds the physiological level will induce apoptosis. To explore the mechanism of calcium ions in meiotic resumption and apoptosis in oocytes is beneficial to the further study of assisted reproductive technology.Keywords：oocyte;Ca;2+;meiotic resumption;calcium homeostatic0|7|3<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：To provide basis for further unraveling the mechanisms of development and reproduction regulation of Mongolian horse, the developmental pattern of growth hormone (GH), growth hormone receptor (GHR), insulin-like growth factors Ⅰ (IGF-Ⅰ) and insulin-like growth factor Ⅰ receptor (IGF-ⅠR) expression in testicular tissue of Mongolian horse were assessed at both gene and protein level. Fifteen Mongolian horses at the early maturation (n=5), sexual maturity period (n=5) and adulthood (n=5) were selected as experimental animals in this study. The expression profile of GH, GHR, IGF-Ⅰ and IGF-ⅠR genes in testicular tissue of Mongolian horses at the early maturation, sexual maturity period and adulthood were evaluated by SYBR Green Ⅱ-based RT-qPCR assay. The existence and location of GH and IGF-Ⅰ proteins in testicular tissue of Mongolian horses at the early maturation and sexual maturity period were identified by immunohistochemical method. The RT-qPCR assay demonstrated that the mRNA expression level of the four genes was all gradually increased from the early maturation to sexual maturity period and was subsequently decreased at adulthood. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that the germ cells and Leydig cells were found to be positive for GH and IGF-Ⅰ proteins expression; the expression of GH and IGF-Ⅰ proteins was gradually enhanced in both of the cells from the early maturation to sexual maturity period. In conclusion, the co-expression of GH, GHR, IGF-I and IGF-ⅠR mRNA displayed an important regulating effect on the development and sexual maturation of Mongolian horses, and the GH and IGF-Ⅰ proteins might regulate the spermatogenesis and Leydig cells function in an autocrine/paracrine manner.Keywords：Mongolia horse;testis;growth hormone;insulin-like growth factors Ⅰ;receptor;gene expression;protein location0|8|2<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：In order to supplement and improve the sequence and annotation information of Ascosphaera apis, the genome of A. apis mycelia and spore were sequenced via RNA-seq technology, followed by structural optimization of annotated genes and prediction and analysis of novel genes on the basis of high-quality transcriptome data in this study. Mapping of clean reads to the reference genome and reconstruction of transcripts were conducted using the generated clean reads. Cuffcompare software was used to compare the reconstructed transcripts with the reference genome. The results demonstrated that:The 5' or 3' end of 101 annotated genes were prolonged; A total of 373 novel genes were predicted, among which 10 novel genes were randomly selected for inverse transcription PCR identification and expected fragments were amplified from 8 genes suggesting the real existence of majority of predicted novel genes; A total of 147 novel genes have functional annotation in Nr and eggNOG databases, and 85 and 66 novel genes can be annotated to 29 GO terms and 33 KEGG pathways, respectively. The results not only provide supplement for improving structural and functional annotation of A. apis genes but also offer a primary foundation for functional study on these novel genes.Keywords：Ascosphaera apis;transcriptome;annotated gene;structure optimization;novel gene1|8|8<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：This study evaluated the effects of Bacillus coagulans (BC) on the intestinal morphology, plasma antioxidation capacity, pro-inflammatory cytokines and colonization of caecum salmonella in S. enteritidis (SE) infected laying hens. A total of 400 Salmonella-negative, healthy hens were randomly divided into 4 treatment groups with 100 in each group, among which every two groups were allotted to same biosafety isolated sheds. Each group consisted of 5 replicates with 20 hens per replicate. Different dietary treatments were:I, basal diet; Ⅱ, basal diet + oral Salmonella administration; Ⅲ, basal diet +2.5x1010 CFU/kg B. coagulans, IV, basal diet+2.5x1010 CFU/kg B. coagulans +oral Salmonella administration. All hens in Ⅲ and IV groups were orally challenged with Salmonella at day 7 and day 8 after the initiation of experiment, whereas hens in other two groups were treated with the same amount of sterile PBS. The results showed that:1) B. coagulans significantly increased (PBC<0.05) the duodenum villus width and villus surface area. Meanwhile, B. coagulans significantly increased (PBC<0.05) the jejunum villus height and VH:CD ratio. However, Salmonella significantly decreased (PSE<0.01) the jejunum crypt depth, villus width and VH:CD ratio (PSE<0.05). 2) B. coagulans significantly decreased (PBC<0.05) the plasma of superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA). Salmonella significantly increased (PSE<0.05) SOD activity and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC). 3) During the post-SE-challenge period, B. coagulans significantly reduced (PEF<0.05) Salmonella copies at day 1, 14 and 21 post inoculation (dpi). Meanwhile, from dpi 1 to dpi 21, the Salmonella copies in layers fed with B. coagulans was lower than (PEF<0.05) hens fed with basal diet. It is concluded that B. coagulans can improve intestinal health, alleviate the oxidative stress caused by Salmonella infection, reduce the colonization of Salmonella in caecum, relieve the stress of pathogenic infection and promote the health of birds.Keywords：hen;Bacillus coagulan;Salmonella enteritidis;production1|8|7<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：An efficient alternative method to detect the presence of H5N1 virus based on surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and monoclonal antibody against Influenza A (H5N1) virus was proposed in this study. Samples of H5N1 influenza virus were tested and analyzed. The results showed:1) The good performance of SPR biosensor was based on the direct detection, real time record, and without any additional labeling. 2) The detection limit of the assay was found to be 104.44 TCID50/mL, which was lower than the limit of ELISA of 103.24 TCID50/mL. 3) The consumption of antibody in SPR test was 100-fold lower than that in ELISA test. Thus, in the future, with the development of high quality virus antigen and antibody production, the SPR biosensor system would become the most commonly applied and efficient approach for influenza A viruses diagnosis.Keywords：H5N1 virus;surface plasmon resonance;biosensor;rapid detection2|10|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：The research is aimed to select the high quality strains of Lentinula edodes, which are suitable to be cultivated in Guanzhong area of Shaanxi Province. Conventional methods were adopted and 27 strains of L. edodes were taken as the experimental materials. The Comprehensive selection was based on the factors of germination time, mycelial growth rate, color-turning period, fresh mushroom yield, moisture content and fruit body morphology. The results showed that the agronomic traits of different strains of L. edodes were discriminating and case was the same with the different sources of the same breed. Besides, 7 strains of high quality, namely Qingke212, 9608-2, 258, 9608-1, L-01, 09-1 and L-02(compared with 808-1) were selected to be cultivated in Guangzhong area, Shaanxi Province, for their better agronomic traits. Therefore, the agronomic traits of the strains will be reflected as well as the income of the local mushroom farmers will be greatly increased with choosing the suitable strains; the 7 high quality strains can be recommended as the cultivated strains in Guanzhong area of Shaanxi Province.Keywords：Lentinula edodes;agronomic traits;high quality strains;fresh mushroom yield2|10|3<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：To improve space utilization efficiency in natural light plant factory, taking Italy creamy lettuce as research object, the effects of increased stereo multi-layer artificial light on the light, temperature and humidity in different cultivation layers of natural light plant factory. The effects of light on yield and quality were investigated. The results showed that the average solar radiation intensity in the middle layer of the cultivation frame was 25.15%-55.42% of the upper layer, and the average solar radiation intensity in the lower layer was 22.66%-37.46% of the upper layer, and the temperature difference between different layers was 3.5 -5.6℃. The humidity difference among three layers was 43.9%-37.5%. Supplemental light increased the light intensity of cultivated layer, improved the distribution of light, changed the growth form of lettuce, and promoted leaf extension and root growth. The yield of lettuce in middle and lower layer increased by 35.8% and 24.7%, the quality of dry matter increased by 39.7% and 36.7%, the content of soluble protein increased by 9.42% and 9.24%, the content of nitrite decreased by 10.75% and 6.75%. However, there was no significant effect on the chlorophyll and soluble sugar content of lettuce. This study showed that the interlayer light supplementing could improve the interlayer light environment, the distribution of light was more uniform, the accumulation of dry matter was promoted, and the yield and quality of lettuce were greatly improved.Keywords：lettuce;stereo cultivation;solar radiation;artificial lighting5|13|7<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Soil ridged substrate-embedded cultivation (SSC) with different substrate ratios (peat:vermiculite:perlite=1:1:1, 2:1:1, 3:1:1, and 3:2:1) were used for planting sweet pepper in Chinese solar greenhouse to explore its effect on the growth and root zone temperature of sweet pepper. The results showed that root zone substrate temperature was significantly affected by soil temperature on both sides. The substrate temperature daily variations of different substrate ratios were different, but the difference of diurnal average temperature was not significant. The temperature differences between day and night of SSC with four substrate ratios were approximately 1.0-2.0℃ lower than soil. The substrate ratio had no significant effect on the plant height, stem diameter and SPAD of sweet pepper in different growth stages. But 2:1:1 substrate ratio significantly increased the dry mass of sweet pepper compared with other substrate ratios. The yield of sweet pepper cultivated in SSC with different substrate ratios was all higher than that of sweet pepper cultivated in soil, among them 2:1:1 substrate ratio had the highest yield (6.46 kg/m2) and was 103.1% higher than that of the soil. In conclusion, SSC improved the buffer capacity and stability of root zone temperature. Substrate ratio had no significant effect on root zone temperature. However, 2:1:1 substrate ratio could remarkably improve the dry mass and yield of sweet pepper, indicating that 2:1:1 substrate ratio was more suitable for the production of sweet pepper in solar greenhouse.Keywords：Chinese solar greenhouse;SSC;substrate ratio;sweet pepper;root zone temperature1|10|3<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：In view of the imbalance of soil temperature, this study analyzed the relationship between the change rate of temperature and soil heat-releasing volume of test points in span direction with unsteady heat conduction theory as foundation and took deep-bed solar greenhouse as trial subject, and conducted research on the process of the soil unsteady heat conduction. The results showed that the heat-releasing volume was affected by the ground temperature and the span position. The higher the surface temperature and the larger the span position, the more heat was released. The change rate of temperature and the heat-releasing volume were not proportional, and there was heat flowing in horizontal direction. The marginal effect of soil was caused by buffer from the soil under the back wall and the soil outside the greenhouse. In this experiment, the heat-releasing volume increased by soil buffer under the back wall was 6.06%-7.34% of total soil heat-releasing volume, and the heat-releasing volume reduced by soil buffer from outside greenhouse was 31.8%-50.28% of total soil heat-releasing volume. The marginal effect had a negative effect on the soil temperature environment.Keywords：solar greenhouse;unsteady heat conduction;change rate of temperature;heat-releasing volume;buffer5|10|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Deep learning (DL) is currently the most advanced and promising technique. In order to analyze the current status of DL application and put forward potential key research point in field planting, literature is collected and combed based on inductive and summary method. Firstly, the characteristics of DL and difference between DL and traditional machine learning (ML) are introduced. Secondly, articles are surveyed and summarized in order to see the current progress of deep learning in agriculture. The results show that:1) The application of DL in field planting is in the early stage and interests are focused on crop detection and classification, agricultural remote sensing image classification, soil moisture monitoring and simulation, anomalies detection in agricultural field; 2) Main models employed are Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN), Autoencoders (AE), Deep Belief Networks (DBN), Stacked Autoencoders (SAE), Fully Convolutional Networks (FCN), Deep Convolutional Neural Networks (DCNN), which improve classification and recognition accuracy; 3) The main obstacle for the application of DL in agriculture is the lack of quantities of labelled data, especially in remote sensing. With the development of information technology and large volume of collected data, DL, driven by multi-source and heterogeneous data, fast development in many fields, such as crop identification and classification, monitoring of growth condition, diseases and insect pests forecasting and warning, crop yield forecasting, detection and identification of flower and fruit, optimization and control of fruit quality and quantity will be achieved.Keywords：deep learning;machine learning;big data;smart farming;field planting9|10|7<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Aiming at the problem of the present pesticide spraying applications mainly depending on irrational experience and cause excessive use of pesticides, the objective of this study was to analyze the factors that affect the droplet distribution on plant leaves to provide scientific basis for spraying. The leaf surface structure, droplet sizes and the leaf orientation were investigated. An image processing method, which was the combination of the Excess red algorithm 2R-G-B and the OTSU algorithm, was proposed. The results showed that:1) The image processing method was able to efficiently extract the droplet area, and the relative error of the coverage rate calculation based on this method was less than 5% compared to the result of the manual segmentation method. 2) The significance of the three factors to droplets distribution was obvious. 3) Under the same spraying flow, droplet coverage area tended to decline with the increase in droplet sizes in general, and the coverage rate trend of two smaller droplets on rough and smooth surfaces had a turning point when the inclination angle was 30°. 4) With the increasing of leaf inclination angle, the droplet coverage rate generally decreased; However, when the surface inclination angle exceeded 60°, the coverage ratio of two bigger droplets did not show an obvious difference regarding the same leaf surface structure. 5) When the droplet diameter was 138.2 or 157.6 μ m, the droplet coverage ratio on the rough leaf surface is biggest while the ratio on the smooth leaf is smallest. In conclusion, The droplet coverage calculation method based on image processing proposed in this study could provide an evaluation approach for studying the droplet distribution on leaves.Keywords：leaf surface structure;droplet size;leaf orientation;coverage rate;image processing method6|10|5<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：In order to study the collision model of castor fruit between shelling components and castor fruit during collision progress and reveal the effect law of collision coefficient of restitution, a theoretical model of the restitution coefficient and the collision test device were established based on the collision dynamic principle and kinematics equation of castor fruit. 1) The influence of the restitution coefficient which the L8 (4×23) mixed orthogonal test scheme was used to research the collision material, moisture content, drop height, and variety on the castor fruit. Furthermore, the single-factor test was analysised for the collision material, drop height, and variety. 2) In view of the state of movement for collision between ZheBi 4 and TongBi 17 castor fruit, the trajectory of movement of castor fruit was captured with high-speed projection equipment and then the coefficient of restitution was calculated to traversal cycle calculations. 3) Runge-Kutta algorithm was used to perform numerical calculation on the castor collision dynamics model and the improved Lsqcurvefit algorithm of genetic algorithm was used to estimate the restitution coefficient model parameters. An analytical model, to determine the coefficient of restitution at under the effect of drop height was obtained. The test results demonstrated that the restitution coefficient of castor fruit is between 0.268 8 to 0.426 4, the primary and secondary impact factors of the collision restitution coefficient of castor fruit were the collision material, drop height, variety and moisture content. The collision material showed extremely significant effect on the restitution coefficient of castor fruit. With the increasing of drop height, the coefficient of restitution decreases in turn. And the theoretical solutions of collision restitution coefficient were similar to the experimental values. The accuracy of the improved algorithm was improved by approximately 3.25% and 3.02%, respectively.Keywords：castor;restitution coefficient;orthogonal test;high-speed projection;genetic algorithm;parameter estimation13|14|3<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：The contribution of ammonia(NH3) to PM2.5 is relatively high in the atmosphere. Controlling ammonia emission from the source plays an important role in reducing the PM2.5 content of air pollutants and reducing smog pollution. Ammonia emissions from agricultural activities (mainly fertilization) account for 40% of the total NH3 emissions from agricultural pollution source. Therefore, the research progress of farmland NH3 emission is summarized, the main influencing factors of farmland NH3 emission are analyzed, and the law of farmland NH3 emission is described, which is of guiding significance to the formulation of measures for NH3 emission reduction. Through systematic analysis, it is found that the factors affecting the NH3 emission are meteorological conditions (temperature, precipitation, wind speed and intensity of light), soil factors (soil type, physicochemical characteristics, water content), fertilization factors (fertilizer type, fertilizer amount, fertilization mode and irrigation and fertilization period), and crops (species, growth period). The main influencing factors include:Temperature, wind speed, pH, soil clay content, soil organic matter content, soil moisture content, fertilizer type, fertilizer amount, fertilization and irrigation method. There is a positive correlation between temperature, soil pH, organic matter content and the amount of fertilizer applied to the NH3 volatilization in farmland; wind speed and water content were proportional to NH3 volatilization in a certain range; Soil clay content is negatively correlated with NH3 volatilization. Above study is based on rational fertilization, increasing nitrogen use efficiency and reducing nitrogen loss caused by NH3 emission. Researches on reducing environmental pollutants and keeping air quality as the purpose of NH3 emission reduction measures are less. Therefore, the determination of the pollution coefficient of farmland NH3 emission and the study of the model of agricultural NH3 emission list can be used to effectively control and reduce the emission of agricultural pollutants, promote the healthy development of agricultural production and support the environmental protection.Keywords：ammonia emission;affecting factors;farmland system;fertilization102|38|56<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Based on the cultivated land in Jiangxi Province quality monitoring pilot project, Nanchang County is taken as the typical representative monitoring area of the plain area of Jiangxi Province. The empirical analysis shows that there are 14 combination types in Nanchang County. These 14 types are divided into 5 groups of cultivated land quality monitoring areas, which includes 1 routine monitoring area and 4 focal monitoring areas. The focal monitoring areas include easy waterlogging area, easy drought area, barren plough layer areas and fertility deficiency areas. A total of 70 monitoring sample points are laid with 23 in routine monitoring area and 47 in key monitoring area. Statistical test results show that the natural quality index standard error with this method is smaller than that of the net method when the quantity of samples is the same. These results prove that the method used in this study is more accurate than the grid method.Keywords：land use;monitoring;cultivated land quality;natural quality level index;monitoring type;monitoring sample point9|15|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：In order to explore the feasible paths of agricultural supply side reform from the perspective of labor productivity, agricultural labor productivity is measured, calculated and decomposed. On this basis, the cross-country comparison is in association of foreign experience. In combination with difficulties in agricultural supply side reform from the perspective of agricultural labor productivity, the effective paths for agricultural supply side reform are proposed. The results show that there are three main ways to increase labor productivity:The income of unit agricultural product, land productivity and per capita land scale. Especially, expanding the per capita land scale is an unavoidable effective path for the agricultural supply side reform. It requires a circuitous route of combining vertical division of labor and horizontal scale operation to improve agricultural labor productivity and promote agricultural supply side reform.Keywords：agricultural supply side reform;labor productivity;specialized division;scale operation4|9|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Based on the national large sample data of CFPS2012, and from the perspective of NELM, the impact of peasant household non-agricultural employment and population structure on land-transfer behavior and circulation participation rate from the household level are examined. Taking the endogenous problem into account, the results show that:1) Non-agricultural employment can significantly promote farmers' land transfer behavior and land transfer rate; 2) Non-agricultural employment has no significant effect on farmers' land transfer behavior and land transfer rate; 3) Aging only has negative effect on farmers' land transfer behavior and land transfer rate at the household level, while feminization at household level had no significant effect on farmers' land transfer behavior and participation rate. 4) Further research shows that migrant workers no longer has negative effect on the transfer of agricultural land because the agricultural machinery is a good alternative to the loss of labor.Keywords：migration;farmland transfer;aging;feminization5|8|14<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Based on the field survey of 847 rice farmers from 10 representative counties (cities) including Wuxue and Zhijiang in Hubei Province, this study used the econometrical analytic method of binary probit model to study the oriented characteristics and influential factors of farmers' adaptation to climate change. The conclusions revealed that farmers had the highest proportion of labor-oriented climate change adaptive behavior, which accounted for more than 65%. While the proportion of technology-oriented climate change adaptive behavior was the lowest and was accounting for less than a half. Besides, climate change perception, land renting, gender of the household head, family farming labors, production training and other factors had various and significant impacts on farmers' implementation of different characteristic-oriented climate adaptive behaviors. Among them, as for labor-oriented and technology-oriented adaptive behaviors, farmers who perceived the irregular rainfall had 29.1% and 18.8% of higher probabilities of implementation respectively than who didn't perceive, and those who rented the land had 10.9% and 7.5% of higher probabilities of implementation as to the two adaptation behaviors. Finally, policies and suggestions such as reducing the institutional cost of adapting to climate change and broadening the route of climate information were put forwarded in this study.Keywords：climate change adaptation;oriented characteristics;rice farmers;binary probit model2|8|8<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：In order to explore the impact of farmer households' characteristics on farmers' credit, this study used factor analysis and Logistic regression to analyze the impact of farmer households' characteristics on rural households' credit, making use of the data of 16 101 farmers from the database provided by the "NFQ Company". The results show that:The farmer household's quality significantly affected the farmers' credit; Among all characteristic variables, the better the farmers' character, interpersonal relationship, and neighborhood evaluation, the higher the probability of default will be reduced and the credit status turned out to be better.Keywords：farmer character;credit evaluation;logistic regression;factor analysis2|8|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：In order to investigate potato growers' behaviors of adaptation to climate changes and its influence factors in Dingxi City, Gansu Province, a bivariate-probit model was used to empirically analyze 362 potato growers' behaviors of positive and passive adaptation to climate changes. The results showed that:Farmers' age, whether to participate in the technical training, whether suffered from natural disasters, agricultural loan availability significantly promoted their adaptive behavior of climate changes, while distances from markets to village and district displayed negative impact; The main factors, which affected whether farmers adopted passive adaptive behavior of climate changes or not, were the proportion of labor force in the family labor force, the influence of natural disasters and agricultural loans availability. Concerning the marginal effect, agricultural loans availability could help farmers to adapt to climate changes.Keywords：climate change;adaptive behavior;potato;semi-arid region;bivariate-probit model3|9|2<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
