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- Abstract：To explore suitable transplanting spacing and density of hybrid rice under mechanically transplanting condition, Zhongzheyou 8 and Yongyou 12 were adopted as test materials to study on the effect of different planting densities on the growth and yield of hybrid rice.Different planting densities of four transplanting spacing (14, 16, 18 and 21 cm) were designed.The results showed that:With the increase of transplanting spacing, individual plant of both varities were vigorous, the tillers of single plant were increased.However, the total number of tillers was decreased significantly, and the spike rate displayed a trend of reduction.With the increasing of transplanting spacing, the dry matter accumulation of plants was decreased since the dry matter was mostly transported to stems and leaves, and had small contribution to grain yield.From the performance of rice productivity, increasing transplanting spacing could reduce the effective panicle significantly and caused reduction of grain yield.Therefore, high yield hybrid rice need certain degree of planting density, the suitable density was 18.5 to 23.8 points each m2, and the suitable spacing was between 14 to 18 cm.Keywords：hybrid rice;mechanized transplanting;spacing;density;dry matter accumulation;grain yield0|7|3<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2023-12-22
- Abstract：By adopting ArcGIS spatial analyst module and MaxEnt, long term observation data of four-single-season rice fixed-point agricultural meteorological stations, 87 occurrence records, 14 environmental factors (8 climatic, 4 soil and 3 topographic factors) were used to predict plant distribution and assess suitability.The results showed that highly suitable, moderately suitable, marginally suitable and unsuitable planting areas for single-season are 8 949.24 km2, 21 637.68 km2, 73 351.66 km2 and 101 804.22 km2 respectively.The marginally planting suitable area and highly planting suitable area are mainly located in valley and the bottom of some gullies of south of Shaanxi, alluvial plain of Guanzhong basin.These areas have good fertile soil, rich climate resources, soil texture ranged from weak acid to neuter.The land is flat and its sea level is from 230 to 800 meters.The AUC of ROC curve was 0.916, indicating that the predictive result with MaxEnt model was highly precise.The main environmental factors determining the suitable planting distribution were accumulate temperature above 10 ℃ (28.97%), annual precipitation (25.99%), annual average temperature (16.87%), altitude elevation (8.27%), annual sunshine duration (5.66%) and annual humid index (4.12%).The environmental variables in the highly suitable planting area were determined as accumulate temperature above 10 ℃ around 4 865 ℃·d, annual precipitation around 762 mm, annual average temperature around 15 ℃, altitude elevation around 436 m, annual sunshine duration around 1 573 h and annual humid index around 1.6.In conclusion, the planting suitability assessment model based on ArcGIS and Maxent could accurately evaluate the planting suitability of Rice, quantify the area of suitable habitat, and analyze the spatial distribution.Keywords：single-season rice;planting distribution;MaxEnt;ArcGIS5|8|7<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2023-12-22
- Abstract：The effect of using and combing different chemical control agents on soil moisture and growth, yield and quality of maize was investigated.The results showed that application of 75 kg/hm2 water retaining agent, spraying antitranspirant (Fulvic acid, FA) and broadcasting soil conditioner significantly enhanced the stability of soil water content and the growth and quality parameters of maize.Compared with maize in control treatment, seed yield, crude protein, leaf area in jointing stage and total dry matter of maize were increased by 17.62%, 9.94%, 41.95% and 37.38%, respectively.Keywords：spring maize;chemical control mode;growth;yield;quality3|9|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2023-12-22
- Abstract：In this study, maize was planted under simulated nature environment condition and pollens were sampled after silking.Pollens were cultivated in vitro under 3 different high temperatures(32, 35 and 38 ℃) and 5 different length of treatment duration (5, 10, 20, 30 and 60 min) under each temperature.The impact of high temperature on pollen viability was reflected by TTC staining rate, florets fertilization rate and setting rate.The TTC staining results indicated that temperature, length of treatment duration, and their interaction affected pollen viability significantly.Pollens maintained to be active for longer time under 32 ℃ and 35 ℃, while under 38 ℃ or 1 h treatment duration under 38 ℃ damaged pollen viability seriously.With the increase of temperature, the florets fertilization rate and setting rate were reduced under all treatment durations.With the increase of treatment duration, the florets fertilization rate and the setting rate were reduced under all temperatures.The florets fertilization rate and the setting rate were very low under 38 ℃ or 1h treatment duration indicating extreme temperature or long-term high temperature could harm pollen viability seriously.Keywords：maize;pollen viability;high temperature;setting rate8|9|23<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2023-12-22
- Abstract：Using the Xiaoming mung bean as material, the effects of spraying kinetin on various organs on sugar accumulation and yield of mung bean at seed filling stage were investigated.The results showed:1) Kinetin treatments can improve the chlorophyll content after 12 d after spraying, the chlorophyll content of 30, 15 and 7.5 mg/L kinetin treatments were increased by 15.74%, 7.01% and 16.40% than control respectively;2) The leaf soluble sugar content and sucrose content were decreased after 22-27 d after spraying, the starch content of leaveswas also increased after 22 d.After 27 d, the soluble sugar content in stem and root in 30mg/L kinetin treatment, the sucrose content in stem and root, the starch content in stem were all higher than other concentration treatments and control.The starch content in the stem after sprayed 22 d and root starch content after sprayed 27 d were the maximum in the 15 mg/L treatment.3) Kinetin treatments group could increase the number of grain effectively.According to data obtained from two years experiment, Grain yields of 30, 15 and 7.5 mg/L kinetin treatments were increased by 18.23%, 10.08% and 5.67% than those of control 18.23%, 10.08% and 5.67%.The comprehensive analysis indicated that:Different kinetin concentration treatments could effectively regulate chlorophyll content in leaves at seed filling stage, promote sugar accumulation in leaf, stem and root at later seed filling stage, resulting in increase of yield.Keywords：mung bean;kinetin;seed filling stage;sugar accumulation;grain yield1|8|4<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2023-12-22
- Abstract：Full-length CDS including its flanking sequence of cox1 cloned by hiTAIL-PCR.They were 2 149 and 3 244 bp in cytoplasmic male sterile line UG93A and its maintainer line UG93B, respectively, both contained an 1 602 bp opening reading frame, encoding 533 AA residue with 58.31 ku molecular weight.Four single base variations were found through BLAST analysis, but the deduced amino acid sequence were the same as well as their flanking sequences.RNA blotting results suggested that there was no size difference of mRNA among UG93A, UG93B and F1 (UG93A/992).qRT-PCR analysis revealed that the expression level of cox1 was reduced significantly in UG93A compared to UG93B and F1 (UG93A/992), indicating that cox1 might play an important role in energetic metabolism during anther development of kenaf.Keywords：kenaf;cytoplasimic sterile line and its maintainer line;cox1;expression analysis1|8|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2023-12-22
- Abstract：Resistance evaluation and preliminary analysis on the mechanism of resistance of Xinjiang wild Myrobalan plum to Meloidogyne incognita were conducted through artificial inoculation.The results showed that:Hypersensitive response (HR) was induced after inoculation.The resistant cultivar displayed typical HR response to nematode penetration at early infection period (1 d).And the proportion of HR in nematode surrounding cells was always higher than in susceptible plants;HR was closely associated with an oxidative burst in infected tissue.Especially after inoculation for 1-2 d, accumulation of reactive oxygen species rapidly increased, which was consistent with the HR response characteristics;Finally, the expression levels of HR-related genes PO2 and VAD1 in resistant varieties were always higher than susceptible ones after inoculation.In conclusion, the mechanism of Xinjiang wild Myrobalan plum's resistance to nematode is, started with oxidative burst occurred, then HR limits giant cell development, so that nematodes cannot get enough nutrition from feeding cells and stop development, resulting in failure in the formation of root knot.At the same time up-regulated gene expression of VAD1 and PO2 may trigger plant resistance response.Keywords：Xinjiang wild myrobalan plum;root-knot nematode;hypersensitive response2|8|4<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2023-12-22
- Abstract：Strawberry can be infected by virus easily, which lead to yield and quality losses.'Benihoppe' strawberry (Fragaria×ananassaDuch) infected with strawberry mottle virus was used as materials.By optimizing the parameters of vitrification-cryopreservation, appropriate cryopreserved detoxification of Benihoppe shoot tips was established.The results indicated:The shoot tips(1-2 mm) were pre-cultured on basic medium with 0.5 mol/L sucrosef for 3 to 7 days, then the pre-cultured shoot tips were loaded for 60 min at 25 ℃ and vitrified for 180 min at 0 ℃, immersed in liquid nitrogen for 1h, and rewarmed in water for 2 min at 40 ℃.After uninstalling in high sugar solution for 20 min, the shoot tips were inoculated into regeneration medium.In the end, the percentage of survived shoot tips was more than 70%.Twentyregeneration plants were chosen to test the effect of SMoV elimination.The result showed that elimination rate of SMoV reached 100%.Keywords：strawberry;cryopreservation;viruselimination;Strawberry mottle virus;virus detection3|14|8<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2023-12-22
- Abstract：Using Rapid Amplification of cDNA Ends (RACE) approach, the full-length cDNA sequences of an auxin efflux transporter gene was isolated from Chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium 'Jinba') and named as CmPIN1 .To characterize CmPIN1, we tested spatial-temporal expression pattern of CmPIN1 in chrysanthemum, as well as effects of auxin and decapitation treatments on CmPIN1 expression using qRT-PCR.The Open Reading Frame of CmPIN1 was 1 761 bp in length, encoding 586 amino acids.The predicted transmembrane domains located in both the C-terminal and N-terminal.Multiple sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis showed that putative CmPIN1 protein shared the highest similarity with PIN1 protein from Zinnia violacea.Subcellular localization analysis showed that CmPIN1 located in membrane system.Expression of CmPIN1 was higher in stems and buds than in other organs, and it was induced by auxin.After decapitation, CmPIN1 level dropped in stems, while increased after 5 μmol/L NAA was applied to the decapitated plants for 6 hours. CmPIN1 expression level in the axillary bud, which was close to the apical bud, recovered firstly, implying that the axillary bud was tending to become new auxin source and function as apical bud.Once the auxin gradient re-established, the expression level of CmPIN1 was recovered gradually, whereas it recovered more slowly in the first internodes close to the apical bud.Taken together, we concluded that CmPIN1 was mainly expressed in stem, and involved in auxin polar transportation and maintaining of apical dominance to inhibit axillary bud outgrowth indirectly.Keywords：chrysanthemum;CmPIN1;gene expression;auxin;decapitation1|8|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2023-12-22
- Abstract：The research on genetic diversity and relationship of 26 samples of Celosia cristata, Celosiaplumosa, Celosia argenteaL.Provides knowledge support for germplasm innovation and variety right protection.Among 8 063 bands detected by 8 elective primer pairs, 7 959 bands (98.71%) were polymorphic.On average, each primer combination amplified 1 007.9 loci and 994.9 polymorphic loci.Genetic similarity of 26 cockscomb samples ranged from 0.264 2 to 0.664 8 with an average of 0.464 5.The number of effective alleles for each locus was 1.078 0, and the average index of genetic diversity was 0.208 7.The highest genetic similarity (0.664 8) was found between sample #1 and #3, and the lowest (0.264 2) was found between # 13 and # 24.Cockcomb germplasm was divided into 3groups in term of a threshold of genetic similarity of 0.64.sample #24, a hybrid variety, was placed in a single member group Ⅰ.Cockcomb germplasm coded 8, which is a multi-receptacle variety, was classified into group Ⅱ.Other 24 samples were classified into group Ⅲ, which could be further divided into 6 subgroups with different shape and color of receptacles.Cluster analysis shows that samples #24 and #8 were separated genetically from other samples.Furthermore, varieties from same seed company (Gansu Seed Company), such as #19 and #25, had close genetic relationship.Varieties bred by Beijing Institute of Landscape and Architecture, such as #16 and #23, were also clustered in one group.It indicates that these varieties have distinct genetic from other varieties.Keywords：Celosia cristata;germplasm resources;AFLP;genetic diversity2|8|2<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2023-12-22
- Abstract：To investigate the effect of C/N ratio and substrate integration on water quality, microbial dynamics and growth of Ctenopharyngodon idellus, bacteria community composition of substrate and water bacterial community composition at four C/N ratios was investigated by using PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) technique.The aquaculture water quality, growth performance of C.idellus were also investigated.An artificially formulated and prepared feed containing 30% crude protein was applied to all ponds.In order to raise the C/N ratio of aquaculture water to 15:1 (CN15), 20:1 (CN20) and 25:1 (CN25), glucose was applied separately as a source of carbohydrate in addition to artificial feed.The results showed that weight gain and specific growth rate of grass carp in CN20 treatment group were significantly higher (P<0.05) than other groups, feed conversion ratio in CN20 group was lower than other groups (P<0.05).Dissolved oxygen, ammonia and nitrite concentration in CN25 group were significantly lower (P<0.05) than other groups, COD and BOD in CN25 group was higher than other groups (P<0.05).The amount of bacteria in substrate gradually increased with the increasing of C/N ratio, and peaked at 5.57×107 cells/g.With the increasing of C/N ratio, bacterial community composition similarity of aquaculture water in the control group andCN15, CN20, and CN25 treatment group with that of source water was 37%, 32%, 26% and 22% respectively;Bacterial community composition similarity between substrate and water was 59%, 58%, 55% and 52% respectively.Rhodobacter blasticus and Chloroflexi, the common bacteria in substrates, existed only in water of control group and CN15 treatment group.Bacteroidetes was dominant bacteria in both water and substrate of CN20 treatment group.The results demonstrated that C/N ratio affects bacterial migration from water to substrate.The C/N ratio of 20:1 and substrate can significantly promote the growth of C.idellus and improve aquaculture production.These results will provide a scientific basis for the further application of substrate in the actual production of C.idellus.Keywords：Ctenopharyngodon idellus;substrate;carbon and nitrogen ratio;bacterial community composition2|11|1<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2023-12-22
- Abstract：To study the soil salt characteristics of oasis farmland, saline-alkaline patches of Manas County were taken as the research object.Through field investigation and indoor analysis of 43 saline-alkaline patche samples, we explored the characteristics of saline-alkaline patches and patch effects.The results showed that:1) The formation of saline-alkaline patches related to salt summed up for 51.2% of total samples.According to salt content in patches center, saline-alkaline patches are divided into slight, moderate, and sever saline-alkaline patiches, and saline soil;2) From the aline-alkaline patches center to the external, there was significant difference in salinity, the patches center (15.46 g/kg) > edge (10.12 g/kg) > external (6.53 g/kg);3) Salt accumulation in surface soil (0-10 cm) was most distinguish in seversaline-alkaline patches and aline soil, and the soil salt accumulation zone was declined to 10-20 cm in moderately saline-alkaline patches, and the distribution of salt slightly saline-alkaline patches was even;4) The patch effect of saline-alkaline patches from center to the external was decreased, and there was no obvious difference of patch effect in the same sampling site.Keywords：oasis;saline-alkaline patches;salinization characteristics;patch effect;Xinjiang2|8|2<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2023-12-22
- Abstract：In order to investigating the thermal and humidity environment in typical greenhouse in Shanxi, test were conducted in three solar greenhouses:Ⅱ, Ⅴ and Ⅳ solar greenhouse in Quwo County of Shanxi Province, using the temperature and humidity recorder RS-12.The results showed that daily mean temperature was above 13.0 ℃, and high humidity existed in all three types of solar greenhouse.In January, the daily average temperature of Ⅳ greenhouse is 14.7 ℃, which was higher than that of V and Ⅱ greenhouse 0.5 ℃, 1.1 ℃ respectively;The average time suitable for plant growth was 19.9 h per day in Ⅳ greenhouse, which was longer than that in V and Ⅱ greenhouse;The average temperature at night in Ⅳ greenhouse was 12.2 ℃, increased by 9%, 18% compared with Ⅴ greenhouse and Ⅱ greenhouse;The average temperature difference between indoor and outdoor of Ⅳ and Ⅴ greenhouse is 19.8 ℃, 20.0 ℃ respectively;There is large potential to improve thermal heat storage performance of three types of greenhouse.The heat storage properties performance of three types of greenhouse was:Ⅳ greenhouse > Ⅴ greenhouse > Ⅱ greenhouse.Relative humidity in three types of greenhouse was high and almost saturated at night.The daily mean relative humidity in Ⅴ greenhouse was 88%, which is 9% higher than in the other two greenhouses.On the basis of temperature and humidity conditions in three types of greenhouse, it was concluded Ⅳ greenhouse was more suitable in Quwo than Ⅴ greenhouse.Suggestions to improve the environment performance of solar greenhouses including enhance heat preservation performance of greenhouse by increasing the thickness of straw curtain or using better heat thermal insulation covers and reduce the relative humidity indoor by changing the irrigation way, strengthening the ventilation or taking other measures, so that the thermal and humidity environment in greenhouse can achieve the optimum state.Keywords：solar greenhouse;temperature;relative humidity;thermal and humidity environment0|7|1<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2023-12-22
- Abstract：Based on the airborne LiDAR point cloud data and the correlation between canopy gap fraction and leaf area index of maize, a method of estimating field planting maize LAI (Leaf area index) is put forward.The results show that:Applying irregular triangular grid encryption method can classify the LiDAR point clouds and combining with high resolution imagery can extract the maize canopy point cloud data;Nilsson parameters have great influence on the results.The inversion result of LAI by Nilsson parameters simulated with scan zenith angle is close to the actual LAI;Estimating LAI with LiDAR data has high precision and the method in this paper is feasible.It can also be applied to medium height crops, e.g.beet and sugar cane.Keywords：maize;LiDAR;point cloud classification;gap fraction;LAI3|9|7<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2023-12-22
- Abstract：Due to the low accuracy of recognition rate and poor performance in real time grading detection of navel orange, a method which extracting comprehensive characteristics was introduced after conversion of image color model.The size of navel orange is extracted by the H component image, the surface defect feature is extracted by background segmentation, edge gray compensation, overall brightness transform of the S component image, and the orange color feature is extracted according to the mean and deviation of R, G, R-G components.Then the size feature, surface defect feature and color feature of navel orange are imputed as vectors to support vector machine (SVM) for grade classification testing to realize high accuracy recognition rate and high real-time grading detection of navel orange.The results show that the correct recognition rate of the classifier is 91.5%, the processing time is 160 ms.proving that the classifier is suitable for grading-detection in real-time environment.Keywords：machine vision;brightness compensation;support vector machine;navel orange3|14|5<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2023-12-22
- Abstract：Based on the superiority of natural selection of leaf veins, an accurate digital model to characterize the relationship between mechanical properties and the structure is built.The three-dimensional digital model is a reconstruction of the cross-section of Magnolia grandiflora leaf, which has typical weatherability and clear veins.Its SEM image was firstly divided into several regions and processed by using threshold separation method.Then, a binary image, or the numerical model of the leaf vein, is obtained based on the algorithm of Area-weighted Delaunay triangle mesh method.Tensile and impact strengths of the cross section of vein tissue are simulated with finite element method.The result shows that the outer edge of the vein tissue plays a significant role in its tensile strength.And the vein tissue with gradient cell wall thickness performs better than uniform cell wall thickness in energy absorption under small displacement.The impact damage happens layer by layer.Keywords：vein tissue;digital modeling;simulation;cellulose1|9|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2023-12-22
- Abstract：In order to segment cucumber disease images quickly and accurately, a method based on double Otsu algorithm using two color components was proposed.Firstly, the R component of the original color image was chosen to conduct the first Otsu segmentation and morphological operation and divided into background class and non-background class.Secondly, after comparing different color components of the diseased area with normal leaf area of the non-background class, the second Otsu operation was carried out on Crr component of the non-background image.Finally, the Crr component was segmented into normal leaf and spot area.In order to conduct the evaluation of the proposed algorithm, the method was applied to segment cucumber target leaf spot disease images under three light conditions.A total of 240 pictures were selected randomly with 80 pictures of each light condition.The R_Otsu algorithm, H_Otsu algorithm and graph cut algorithm were chosen as contrast means.The results indicated that the proposed method had best comprehensive performance in the segmentation accuracy and the processing speed terms compared with the other three algorithms.The mean and the variance of the error rate were 2.12% and 0.08%, respectively.And the average processing time was less than 0.2 s.Moreover, the algorithm was robust to illumination change.The proposed method is universal, can also be applied to segment for the other cucumber disease images under the natural light condition.Keywords：cucumber target spot disease;image segmentation;double Otsu algorithm;color feature1|8|1<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2023-12-22
- Abstract：Focused on environment pollution and pork safety problems in China caused by scaled pig raising, a green operating mode for scaled pig farmers was proposed in this study.Through analysis on the driving mechanism of scaled pig farmers' green operating mode, an evolution game model of scaled pig farmers' green operating mode under the conditions of marketing mechanism and government supervision was built up.Based on the analysis of the costs and benefits under government's and scaled pig farmers' different strategies, this study further analyzed the game relation between government supervision and scaled pig farmers' choice of green operating mode.The results showed that: Under the function of free market mechanism, it was difficult for scaled pig farmers to promote the green operating mode and government supervision played a strong driving role in the evolution of scaled pig farmers' green operating mode.Moreover, the results of evolution game were affected by the coefficient of consumers' green consumption preference and pork environmental quality, the environmental investment of pig farmers' waste conversion, the costs of government supervision, the charges for environment pollution and the green subsidies.According to the results obtained above, relevant policy recommendations were put forward.Keywords：supply chain;scale pig farmers;green operation;evolution mechanism1|8|2<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2023-12-22
- Abstract：Farmers' behavior of choosing the standard ratio of pesticides is important for crop quality, environment protection and human health.This study took the farmers who spraying pesticides in Hubei Province as example and the relational model of farmers' perception of pesticide properties, awareness of safety and responsibility and their behavior of pesticide concentration ratio were proposed based on the literature review, followed by an empirical analysis.The results showed that:Farmers' gender, age, education level and commercializing rate of agricultural products significantly affected their behavior of pesticide concentration ratio;The higher the farmers' perception of pesticides quality and pesticide residues were, the lower their level of pesticide concentration ratio was;And farmers' awareness of safety and responsibility positively regulated the relationship between farmers' perception level of pesticide properties and the pesticide concentration ratio.These results provided a theoretical basis for regulating farmers' behavior of using pesticides and to reduce or avoid the negative effects of pesticides.Keywords：farmers;perception of pesticide properties;awareness of safety and responsibility;behavior of pesticide concentration ratio1|7|9<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2023-12-22
- Abstract：This study is to summarize researches on withdraw and compensation of rural residential land, and put forward future key research point and direction.Literature synthesis, summarization and induction method were employed in this study.The results showed that present researches were mainly focused on current status of rural residential land utilization, the withdraw model, peasant' willingness and influencing factors, the compensation standard and ways and exiting mechanism of rural residential land withdraw.The main research methods included questionnaire survey, participatory rural assessment, statistical and econometric model, and case study of sociology.Meanwhile, the four research fields on withdraw and compensation of rural residential land were as follows:1) Behavioral response mechanism research of farmers;2) Governance path model study;3) Compensation standard research based on value system of rural residential land;4) withdraw-compensation mechanism research based on stakeholders' game.Keywords：rural residential land;withdraw;compensation;mechanism;pattern0|12|11<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2023-12-22
