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- Abstract：The expression diffecences of genes responded to low phosphate (-P) and full phosphate (+P) in wheat roots were analyzed by Affymetrix wheat microarray.A total of 1 889 genes were differentially expressed,of which 1 298 and 591 genes were found to be either up-regulated or down-regulated.The functional classification of those differentially expressed genes showed that they were involved in signal transduction,protein storage,stress response,energy metabolism,and pathogenesis and other processes related to plant growth and development.In addition,the expression patterns of 30 differentially expressed genes were verified by qRT-PCR and exhibited a generally same results with microarray data.Five candidate genes (TaSPX3,TaIPS1.3,TaGST_Like,TaPDF19 and TaG6PDH1_Like) were obtained and used to assay their expression patterns in different wheat cultivars under low and phosphate re-supply treatments.The 5 selected candidate genes were strongly up-regulated by low phosphate treatment and returned to normal level gradually after phosphate re-supply;However,the different expression patterns among different wheat cultivars indicated that they might differ in the mechanisms to cope with low phosphate stress.The putative functions of the 5 selected genes were involved in several important metabolic or regulatory pathways,such as signal transduction,amino acid metabolism,glucose metabolism,stress response.They might play an important role in response to low phosphate stress and can be useful for genetic improvement in phosphate high efficiency of wheat.Keywords：wheat;Affymetrix wheat microarray;low phosphate stress;differentially expressed genes;qRT-PCR3|9|3<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：The genetic diversity of 41 green foxtail resources in Shanxi Province was investigated by phenotypes and SSR markers.At the phenotype level,14 character indicators such as the types of plant structure,shapes of panicle and leaf were determined.The results showed that the phenotypic diversity of Shanxi green foxtail resources were relatively abundant.The leaf color represented by chlorophyll content had the highest genetic diversity index (2.76),and the genetic diversity index for the rest of the characteristics were about 2.0.Most of the green foxtail had spindle panicle,with grains being cyan in color and spindle-shaped.These resources were divided into three groups by phenotypic clustering,and each group had its own characteristics:The first group showed average phenotypes among all the accessions including traits of plant height,panicle number,and etc;the second group mainly contained those of smaller plant height,fewer panicles and lower dry weight;the third group consisted mainly of those with bigger plant height,more panicles,lower panicle weight and etc.It was discovered that phenotypic diversity had some correlation with specific eco-geographical regions in Shanxi.At the molecular level,twenty pairs of SSR primers were selected to analyze the green foxtail resources and a total of 102 alleles were detected,with an average of 5 alleles per locus.The average value of gene diversity and polymorphism information content was 0.66 and 0.61,respectively.Although these resources were all divided into three categories by three different methods including clustering analysis,population structure analysis and principal component analysis,the classification of these resources were not completely consistent.Moreover,these three clusters were also inconsistent with the distribution of eco-geographical regions in Shanxi,indicating a partially mixed distribution of green foxtail resources in Shanxi and unclear boundary among regions.Keywords：Setaria viridis;phenotypic traits;SSR markers;genetic diversity;population structure2|8|4<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：The rice seedling-raising substrate (RSRS) was prepared with fermented spent mushroom substrate (SMS) of Pleurotus eryngii and soil.The physical and chemical indices of the RSRS were investigated.The results indicated that the fermented SMS was fully composted and was very suitable for preparing RSRS.The most appropriate proportion of soil and SMS was identified by analyzing the physical characteristics of seedling substrates,agronomic indices,root traits and nutrient contents of rice seedlings.The investigation showed that the fermented SMS effectively regulated the bulk density,total porosity,aeration porosity and water holding porosity.With the increasing of the SMS,gradually,the bulk density decreased,and the total porosity,aeration porosity and water holding porosity increased.The analysis of plant height,dry weight,SPAD,root activity and the content of N,P,K of rice seedling indicated that the combination of SMS and soil in a certain proportion was better than each of SMS (100%) and soil (100%).The results also showed that the optimal volume ratio of soils and SMS was 20%:80%.Keywords：Pleurotus eryngii;spent mushroom substrate;maturity;rice;seedling substrates0|8|4<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Two cassava varieties,low-starch content variety SC124 and high-starch content variety RS01,were used as different genotype models according to their significant difference in root tuber starch content.The IAA contents in leaf,stem and root tuber,the activities of starch synthesis enzymes ADPGpase,SSS and SBE,and the starch content of root tuber at different growth stages were analyzed.The results showed that:1) There were negative correlations between the contents of IAA in stem and leaf and the activities of ADPGpase,SSS and SBE in root tuber.The contents of IAA in stem and leaf of RS01 at late growth stage were declined while the contents of IAA in SC124 were increased;2) There were significant positive correlations between the IAA content of root tuber and the activities of ADPGpase,SSS and SBE in root tuber.The IAA content within the root tuber of RS01 was higher than the content of root tuber in SC124 at the late growth stage;3) There were highly significant positive correlations between the starch content and the activities of ADPGpase,SSS and SBE within the root tuber and their activities in RS01 were higher than SC124 at the late growth stage.In conclusion,the IAA content within root tuber could cause positive effect on the activities of starch synthesis key enzymes which can accelerate the starch accumulation rate of cassava root tuber.Keywords：cassava;endogenous IAA;starch synthesis enzyme;starch content;correlation1|7|5<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：To verify the effects of high temperature in pre-blossom and blooming periods on the quality of flower,growth of sexual gametes and yield of Xiangbaixing (Armeniaca vulgaris L.) were investigated by using PVC film simulation of high temperature weather under natural conditions and with isolated cultural different temperature gradients (28℃/18℃,23℃/13℃,18℃/8℃,13℃/6℃).The results showed that:Compared with the control, the weight of flowers under warm conditions was decreased and the development of pistil was inhibited;Warm conditions also delayed the development of embryo sac and the propotion of abnormal and degenerating embryo sac was increased up to 24.1%,which was significantly higher than that of the control group 13.8%;The pollen germination rate was 13.57%,which is lower than that of the control 28.89%.The fruit setting rate was 2.83%,while that of the control group reached 11.56%.In conlusion,high temperature in the pre-blooming and blooming periods had strong impact on the quality of flowers and synchrony in fertilization,resulting in the low fruit set percentages of Xiangbaixing.Keywords：apricot;high temperature;pistil;embryo sac;fruit set;florescence1|9|3<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：To study the process of sporogenesis and gametogenesis of Zenjimaru and explore whether the pollen and embryo sac abortion exist in Zenjimaru,the process of megasporogenesis,microsporogenesis and development of female and male gametophytes were observed by paraffin section method.The results showed that:Anthers were tetradymous and the anther wall consisted of epidermis,endotheca,middle layer and glandular tapetum;Meiosis of microspore mother cell was followed by simultaneous cytokinesis and resulted in tetrahedral tetrads;Mature pollen grains were 2-cell type with three germ pores;meiosis of microspore mother cells among different anther locules or in the same anther locule was asynchronous with the formation of giant pollen (unreduced pollen).The ovary had eight locules with axile placenta and anatropous ovules;The ovule was bitegmic and tenuinucellate with single spore cell;Megaspore mother cell formed a linear tetrade through meiosis,and only the chalazal magaspore was the functional one;The development of embryo sac was of polygonum type.In conclusion,Zenjimaru not only can be used as pollination tree,but also can be used as excellent female parent in crossing because of the normal development of the most pollens and embryo sacs.1|9|4<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：To study the expression patterns and function analysis of miRNA under abiotic stress, Sly-miR397 expression patterns in abiotic stress including drought,salt,and ABA treatments were detected by real-time PCR.The result showed that Sly-miR397 responded the abiotic stress,especially in drought stress.An over-expressing Sly-miR397 plasmid vector was then constructed and introduced into Arabidopsis thaliana successfully.Compared with wild type plants,relative water content rate of transgenic lines declined more slowly and they had better water retention.Under drought stress,the transgenic lines grew better than the wild type.Moreover,Fv/Fm and antioxidase activity of transgenic lines were significantly higher than those in the wild type,while malondialdehyde content was declined in the transgenic lines.Overexpression of Sly-miR397 significantly improved the drought tolerance of Arabidopsis thaliana indicating its important role in plant drought resistance.Keywords：tomato;Sly;-;miR397;Real-time PCR;overexpression;Arabidopsis thaliana;drought tolerance2|7|5<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：To study the effect of bio-organic fertilizer(BOF) on the growth of zucchini and control of zucchini disease caused by root-knot nematode (RKN) in field,experiments were conducted by applying the BOF fermented by different strains in the fields of healthy zucchini and seriously diseased seriously zucchini by RKN.The results showed that:Compared with the control,the diameter of plant stem,chlorophyll content,shoot and root weight were obviously increased after application of BOF;The population of the second-stage juveniles RKN,gall index,number of eggs per plant and incidence of RKN in field were significantly reduced with the maximum control efficiency of 63.00%;The number of freedom nematodes in soil were tremendously increased.In conclusion,application of BOF promoted the growth of zucchini and effectively prevented the damage caused by RKN in field.Keywords：root-knot nematode;Pseudomonas fluorescens;bio-organic fertilizer1|9|3<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Automatic recognition of four different alfalfa leaf diseases was investigated based on image processing technology.The sub-images (lesion images) with one typical lesion or multiple typical lesions were obtained for further recognition by artificial cutting from the acquired digital disease images.Lesion segmentation was conducted by using a segmentation method integrating with K_median clustering algorithm and linear discriminant analysis.For the aggregated image dataset consisting of the lesion images of the four different alfalfa leaf diseases,the mean and the median of the scores were 0.877 1 and 0.899 7,respectively,those of the recalls were 0.829 4 and 0.851 4,respectively,and those of the accuracies reached 0.924 9 and 0.942 4,respectively.A total of 129 color,shape and texture features were extracted from the lesion images for further analysis.The Naive Bayes method and linear discriminant analysis were combined with sequential forward selection method to build disease recognition models,respectively.And the disease recognition models using support vector machine (SVM) were built based on the two optimal feature subsets consisting of the features optimized by using the two methods.Comparing the efficiency of those four models,the disease recognition SVM model built based on the optimal feature subset obtained by linear discriminant analysis was found to be the best model for the image recognition of alfalfa leaf diseases.The recognition accuracy of the training set was 96.18% and that of the testing set was 93.10%.The results indicated that the image recognition of the four different alfalfa leaf diseases could be implemented with high accuracy by using the model proposed.Keywords：alfalfa;leaf disease;image recognition;image segmentation;feature optimization;support vector machine4|7|8<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：The study was conducted to investigate the effect of pathogenic Escherichia coli O8 form cow feces on the small intestinal structure and immunity-associated cells of mice.Clinical symptoms of mice challenged with pathogenic E.coli O8 were observed by animal experiment.Small intestinal samples were collected and the pathological sections were observed by HE and PAS staining.Length of villus (V),depth of crypt (C),V/C value,thickness of muscularis,and the number of intraepithelial lymphocyte (IEL) and goblet cell (GC) were detected.The results showed that mice appeared clinical symptoms 8-12 h after challenged with E.coli O8.Mice appeared obvious clinical symptoms 24 h after challenged with E.Coli O8,and some mice died.Mice appeared more serious clinical symptoms 36-48 h after challenged with E.coli O8,and more mice died.Mice recovered 72 h after challenged with E.coli O8,and no more mice died.The length of villus,V/C value,the thickness of muscularis,and the numbers of IEL and GC were decreased at the beginning and then increased.However,the depth of crypt was increased at the beginning and then decreased.Small intestinal indexes of mice appeared regular changes 0-72 h after challenged with E.coli O8,the most serious infection time of mice was 36 h,and they recovered gradually after 72 h.0|10|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Experimental animals were randomly divided into two groups:Control group was fed basal diet without any antibiotics,Chlortetracycline group were fed basal diet added with 50 mg/kg chlortetracycline.Microflora changes in rex rabbit cecum were studied by PCR-DGGE and qPCR technologies.ELISA detection method was applied on cytokine determination.qPCR technology was used to analysis rex rabbits organizations for TLR2 and TLR4 mRNA.PCR-DGGE profile results showed chlortetracycline,the structure and diversity of cecum microflora were not significantly changed (P>0.05) compared with the control group.qPCR detection results showed that Bacteroides-Prevotella-Porphyromonas of the chlortetracycline and control group was 10.48 and 10.10 (logcopy/g),respectively.The chlortetracycline group's Bacteroides-Prevotella-Porphyromonas was greatly increased (P<0.05).Effect of chlortetracycline on immune function,peripheral blood cytokines concentrations IL-1,IL-2,IL-4,TNF-α were increased significantly (P<0.05).Spleen and liver indexes were decreased.TLR2 and TLR4 mRNA in ileum and TLR2 mRNA in liver relative expression level were higher than control group,but not significant (P>0.05).The results suggested that adding of 50 mg/kg chlortetracycline in basal diet had no significant effect on the microflora in rex rabbits cecum and its immune function.Keywords：rex rabbit;chlortetracycline;cecum microflora;cytokines;TLR2/42|8|1<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Sixty Kunming mice were randomly divided into five groups.Test group 1,2,3 were fed basal diet and given drinking water containing 1×106,2×106 and 4×106 cfu/mL GABA-producing Lactobacillus plantarum GA8,respectively.GABA group was fed the basal diet supplemented with GABA 15 μg/g and given distilled water.Control group was fed the basal diet and given distilled water.After 30 days,growth performance,serum antioxidant capacity and caecal microflora of mice were investigated.The final weight and average daily gain (ADG) of Test group 3 were significantly higher than the control group (P<0.05),while there was no significant differences between other groups;Total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) and total superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity of the test groups were increased,and malondialdehyde (MDA) was decreased,but the difference was not significant;Compared with the control group,the number of Lactobacilli of Test group 3 was increased (P<0.05) and E.coli was decreased,and Enterococcus of Test group 1 and Test group 2 were increased (P<0.05),while there was no significant differences between other groups;The diversity index,evenness and richness of intestinal flora in Test group 1,2,3 and GABA group were higher than those in control group by PCR-DGGE.The results showed that γ-aminobutyric acid-producing L.plantarum GA8 can improve the growth performance,promote the growth of beneficial bacteria and inhibit harmful bacteria multiply,and have a certain effect on serum antioxidant capacity in mice.1|7|3<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of six different rock fragment contents (0,5%,10%,20%,30%,40%) on runoff and sediment yield with simulated rainfall equipment on the purple soil hillslope.The results showed that:content of rock fragment has no significant effect on the runoff rate.The increase of rock fragment will promote the wetting front downward migration;The sediment yield rate of the slope erosion was significantly effected by rock fragment content(F=30.076,P<0.05).With the increasement of rock fragment content,the rate of sediment yield decreased significantly.There was a linear correlation between cumulative erosion sediment yield and rainfall duration,which was maximum when rock fragment content is 5%.The more of rock fragment content,the lower of the sediment yield increasing rate.By changing the composition and structure of soil,soil mixed with rock fragments improved soil anti-erodibility and anti-scouribility.With the increasement of rock fragment content,the soil loss amount decreased gradually and the rate of soil erosion decreased significantly.Keywords：rock fragment;average flow velocity;sediment concentration;cumulative sediments;erosion rate1|8|9<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：In order to explore the characteristics of vibration of the air suction no-tillage planter,analysis of vibration testing and vibration theory of 2BM-5 air suction planter was conducted.According to the vibration test results,fundamental harmonic excitation was constructed to forward speed of the no tillage planter and the sine wave of vibration signal as basic parameters,to establish the mathematical model of the frequency response for vibration amplitude frequency characteristic of the air suction planter and natural frequency of vibration,to verify the signal of amplitude frequency characteristic of vibration of the air suction seeder.The results show that:The main factors that affect vertical vibration have the structure of the seeding machine,quality,forward speed of operation,damping condition of the embedded device and different types of soil,ground surface roughness.Andthere are two natural frequencies of vertical vibration modes.Keywords：no-tillage planter;vibration test;vibration characteristic;vibration theory;natural frequency of vibration4|11|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：To explore the impact of methods of calculating growing degree-day on simulation effect of crop development processes,the data from 1989 to 2011 of the 3 developmental phases of Miyun winter wheat including reviving-jointing,jointing-heading and heading-maturity,were analyzed.The active and effective growing degree-days (GDD) were calculated by adapting six calculating methods based on three linear (Linear A, B and C) growth assumptions on single cultivar Jingdong 8 or all cultivars.The stability of coefficient of variation (CV) and simulation deviation (SD) of development days (DD) model and GDD models were analyzed.Results showed that:Simulation effects of GDD models for different developmental phases were excellent compared with DD model;Simulation effect of single cultivar was better than that of all cultivars;The model efficiency (ME),Root-mean-square error (RMSE) and Normalized RMSE (NRMSE) of DD model and GDD models were compared.Results showed that:Simulation effects of 6 GDD models are all excellent compared with DD model; Simulation effect of single cultivar was better than that of all cultivars;Simulation effect of active GDD was better than that of effective GDD for same linear growth assumptions;Simulation effect of developmental process was significantly improved by linear B than that of linear A and C among three linear growth assumptions.Keywords：growing degree-days;growth and developmental assumption;coefficient of variation;model efficiency;simulation effect5|10|6<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：In order to study the effect of pork traceability system on ensuring pork safety,The safety protection effect of pork traceability system was analyzed theoretically by constructing government contract incentive model and market reputation mechanism model,and the safety protection effect of pork traceability system was analyzed empirically by using the typical case of two pig slaughtering enterprises in Beijing city.The results indicated that:The pork traceability system has a function of regulating the safety behavior of slaughter enterprises through the enhancement of safety monitoring and reputation mechanism;the improvement of the government's supervision strength and supervision efficiency which is caused by the pork traceability system will help to curb the moral hazard events and the opportunism behavior of slaughter enterprises,reputation mechanism play a role in solving the pork safety problem,as the same as the dominant incentive mechanism.However,the role of reputation mechanism is limited by the level of pork traceability.The government should carry out the performance evaluation on the construction of the pork traceability system,deepen the construction of the pork traceability system,and increase the supervision and punishment for safety violations,and fully mobilize the enthusiasm of pig slaughtering enterprises to participate in the pork traceability system.Keywords：pork;traceability system;safety effect;pig slaughtering enterprise0|7|4<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Empty house disinfection,items disinfection,pool disinfection,farm disinfection,spraying disinfection,drinking water,in and out of the vehicle,protective are the eight important measures to eliminate avian influenza infection and cut off the spreading link of the virus.Disinfection effect depends on the number of disinfection measures that farmers take.It was found that each farmer used about 5 kinds of disinfection measures on average and there were only 17.82% of farmers carrying out these 8 kinds of measures by collecting 331 questionnaires on broiler farmers.It was also discovered that there were many influencing factors on the number of disinfection measures farmers take.Postive and significant influencing factors were farmers' work out experience,farm's breeding scale,breeding community regulated by government,information channels of epidemic prevention,cognition of disinfection effect,participation willingness of the joint prevention and joint control system on bird flu.Among them,information channels of epidemic prevention was the most significant influencing factor:If farmers got one more information channel,farmers would increase 0.208 disinfection measure.Therefore,it is useful to increase farmers' disinfection measures by developing breeding scale and expanding epidemic prevention information channel.Keywords：risk of avian influenza;broiler farmer;disinfection method;epidemic prevention behavior;negative binomial regression model8|6|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Cointegration test and vector autoregression (VAR) model were used to analyze the monthly data from 2009 to 2014 which came from main provinces of producing laying hens in China.The results showed that:There were long-term equilibrium relationship and dynamic change correlations among the three variables at different periods;Current laying hen stocks,egg production,egg price varied mostly on the changes of those variables in the first two periods.There were obviouse dynamic change relationships among the three variables on Granger causality,impulse response values or contribution rate variance at the lag length of 1 to 7,12 and 17 periods.The empirical results were coincident with the biological rule of laying hens:Chicken of commodity generation begins to lay eggs after about 5 months feeding.The laying rate is stabilized at 6-7 months;The laying cycle is 12 months and the raising cycle is 17 months.Keywords：laying hen stocks;egg production;egg price;cointegration test;vector autoregression2|9|3<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Using prices of major agricultural products and consumer price index (CPI) from March 1997 to December 2013,a Bayesian dynamic conditional correlation (GARCH) model is established to analyze the dynamic correlation between agricultural product prices and CPI.The results show that:The volatilities of agricultural product prices and CPI are asymmetrical,and the volatilities' rate of decay is slow.With the increasing of prices and CPI's fluctuation range,the rate of decay is more and more slow.And the correlation between animal product prices and CPI is closer than that of grain product prices and CPI.For animal product price,the co-volatility of pork price with CPI is fluctuated remarkably,the co-volatilities of egg and chicken prices with CPI are followed,and that of beef and mutton prices is less than the formers.For grain prices,the correlation between long-grained non-glutinous and round-grained rice price and CPI is closer than that of other grain product prices.The correlation between agricultural product prices and CPI is time-varying.The early stage of co-volatilities between animal product prices and CPI is more stable than the later.In conclusion,the variation of co-volatilities in different prices and phases comes from the importance of agricultural product markets,policy support and stochastic impact.Keywords：agricultural product prices;CPI;dynamic correlation;Bayesian DCC GARCH model3|8|2<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：A method system of seasonal feature recognition based on the Random seasonal test and the Deterministic seasonal test is proposed in this study.The system's logic is consistent and the result is complete,so it can uniformly、normatively and efficiently distinguishes the seasonal types in the trade of agricultural.A case analysis on the recognition of seasonal characteristics of the trade data of oranges,potatoes and pork indicates that the system is effective.Keywords：import and export trade of agricultural products;time series models;seasonal feature;seasonal unit root test4|8|2<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Using non-parametric kernel density method and taking the monthly wholesale prices of 5 kinds of jujubes (Jinsi jujube,Jun jujube,Dong jujube,Hui jujube and Qing jujube) as the object of study,the wave pattern and intensity of short term fluctuation of different kinds of jujubes were compared and analyzed,and the short-term price volatility risk was evaluated and compared.The results showed that:From the point of price fluctuation pattern,in general,the short-term pattern of jujube market price displayed distinct peak and trough,which was high in spring and winter,as well as low in summer and autumn,the wave pattern of Jun-jujube and Hui-jujube market price was "V" type,and the wave pattern of Dong jujube and Jinsi jujube market price was "M" and "W" type,the price of Qing jujube showed "N" type wave;From the view of price fluctuation intensity,in the whole fluctuation intensity of fresh jujube price is much higher than that of dried jujube,the descending order of fluctuating intensity of jujubes is Dong jujube,Qing jujube,Jinsi jujube,Jun jujube,Hui jujube;the price risk distribution of jujube market is asymmetric and the probability of falling of jujube market price is higher than that of rising,the falling risk of Dong jujube market price is the greatest,followed by Jun jujube and Jinsi jujube,the falling risk of Hui jujube market price is slightly lower,only Qing jujube price rise probability remained stable.Strong alarm probability risk of fresh jujubes price is higher than that of dried jujubes by the distribution of strong alarm probability risk.Keywords：jujube;market price;volatility;risk assessment;non-parametric kernel density1|8|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：On the basis of defining the connotation of the organization model and a survey of various regions of Fujian Province using shares concentration index,shares evenness index,and hired labor index,a study was conducted to investigate the change of business model of marine fishing in China.The results showed that:The shares concentration index were above 40%,the highest is more than 80%;the labor shares evenness index were above 1;the hired labor index were no less than 35%,Minnan area is as high as 80%.Based on the basic points of New Institutional Economic,it was considered that the phenomenon was produced by economic basis,internal management,system environment and risk management factors.In conclusion,the establishment of a new type of fisheries cooperation organization and the implement of company management is a new direction for the reform of the offshore fishing management system.Keywords：offshore fishing;organization form;shares concentration index;labor shares evenness index;hired labor index4|7|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：The present situation of agricultural trade between China and Korea,the process of China-Korea Free Trade Area (FTA) negotiation and main content of China-Korea FTA in agricultural field were analyzed,and the prospect of China's agricultural exports to Korea was discussed from two aspects including growth potential and main influencing factors.The results indicated that:China's agricultural exports to Korea kept increasing and the export product concentration remained very high during recent years.China's agricultural exports to Korea in total still have some growth potential and would be further enlarged after the implementation of China-Korea FTA in future.And it was influenced by the decrease in the whole export competitiveness of China's agricultural products,the limitation of the whole openness of Korea's agricultural products market,the complication of Korea's agricultural tariffs,the more usage of non-tariff trade protection measures of Korea and extrusion effect of the implementation of Korea-US FTA on the expansion room of China's agricultural exports to Korea,and considering the relatively limited overall volume of Korea's domestic market,the growth range of China's agricultural exports to Korea after the implementation of China-Korea FTA in future would not be significant.Keywords：China-Korea FTA;agricultural products;export prospect;export structure2|9|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：This study focused on the evolution of emergy synthesis and its network characteristics.A visualized analysis of emergy papers from 1995 to 2015,obtained from the Web of Science database,were analyzed by applying bibliometric and network analysis methods.Result showed that:1) From the whole development point of view,the main research fields focused on disciplines such as ecology and environmental sciences.These countries such as China,the US and Italy made more contributions to the development of emergy synthesis due to a large number of research papers published.2)From the research hotspot point of view,in earlier research,it was mainly focused on the improvement and development of emergy synthesis;however,with the widely accepted,there has been more and more applications and improvement of emergy synthesis in recent years.In conclusion,the development trends of emergy synthesis were identified from perspective view of system,and also the research fronts and hot topics of this research field were revealed,above all,our study provided the references for the development of emergy synthesis in future.Keywords：emergy;bibliometric;Bibexcel;CiteSpace;network analysis4|8|1<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
