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- Abstract：Nondestructive detection technology is a new developing method with many advantages such as the rapid and simultaneous nondestructive analysis in recent years.It is distinguished from traditional destructive detection and has been widely used in agriculture,food,chemical industry and so on.With the booming of our breeding units and the increasing of varieties we have bred,seed quality testing work also increasingly complex and onerous.So nondestructive detection technology becomes a development trend of seed quality testing.In this paper,we reviewed the usage and theories of each method and the research status as well as development trend of them.Keywords：seed;quality detection;nondestructive detection technology2|7|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：As the most important component of the market,consumers are the starting and end points of the development of GM food,so it is important to know the consumers’ purchase intention of GM food and factors that affect it,which play a key role in establishing an effective communication system among the government,enterprises and consumers.Based on the survey data collected from Beijing,Shanghai,Shenzhen,Suzhou,Wuhan and Chongqing, an Ordinal regression analysis on the consumers’ purchase intention of GM food and factors that affect it was performed by using the SPSS 17.0.The result showed that many factors affect consumers’ purchase intention of GM food significantly.These factors are gender,level of education,whether having children under 16 years old,information source of GM food,cognition about GM food,consumers’ purchasing preference,food risk perception,and whether consumers trust government management on food or not,etc.Keywords：GM food;purchase intention;affected factors;commercial development6|7|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：The F1-mapping population with 96 individuals from a cross between a pollination-constant nonastringent cultivar "Wikipedia",and a pollination-constant astringent cultivar "Mopanshi" was used to construct the first molecular linkage map of persimmon (Diospyros kaki L.).Out of the 256 AFLP primer combinations screened with both parents,a total of 27 were selected.Using the 27 primer combinations,a total of 447 polymorphic AFLP markers were detected. 400(89.5％) of polymorphic markers with Mendelian segregation ratio were obtained.300 of the 400 loci were 1∶1 segregation,in which 147 polymorphic AFLP markers were obtained in Wikipedia and 153 makers in Mopanshi; the other 100 of the 400 loci were 3∶1 segregation.The AFLP molecular markers linkage maps of Wikipedia and Mopanshi were constructed respectively by using Mapmaker/Exp(version3.0) and "double-pseudo-testcross" strategy.The map of Wikipedia included 24 linkage groups and located 149 markers,covered total map length of 2 105.5 cM,and average distance between markers was 14.1 cM.The map of Mopanshi included 22 linkage groups and located 181 markers,covered total map length of 2 253.8,and average distance between markers was 12.5 cM.Keywords：Mopanshi;Wikipedia;AFLP marker;molecular linkage map;double-pseudo-testcross format2|8|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Leaf-cutting bees are important pollinators for crop pollination.The aim of this article is try to explore genetic ecology of eight species of Megachilidae(Hymenoptera:Apoidea)in the Mu Us sandland,Inner Mongolia,China.The mitochondrial COI of eight bees were amplified and sequenced.Nucleotides composition,transition and transversion,and genetic distance of the sequence were analyzed by sequence alignment.Anthidium florentinum was used as outgroup to reconstruct the molecular phylogenetic trees of these species with Neighbor-Joining(NJ),Maximum Parsimony(MP) and UPGMA methods.The results of the sequence analysis showed that the COI genes are 657 bp in length by alignment,including 454 conserved,230 variable and 107 parsimonious-informative sites,and the average A+T content is 75.8%,much more than that of C+G(24.2%).Molecular phylogenetic trees showed that the five species of Megachile clustered together ordinally,which indicating that they have closer relationship among them.Hoplitis princes,Anthidium florentinum were far from the other six species in genetic difference.The results are in accord with that of traditional morphological classification.It could be important than quickly to identify bees by COI gene sequence.3|7|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：A plasma membrane Na+/H+ antiporter gene (AlSOS1,JN936862) was isolated from Aeluropus littoralis (Gouan) Parl,a graminaceous halophyte.Southern blot analysis indicated that there was only one copy AlSOS1 gene in the A.littoralis genome.The AlSOS1 sequence contained 3 641 bp with an open read frame of 3 420 bp and the deduced transcripts encoding 1 139 amino acids shared a relative high homology with that of reed(82%) and rice(77%),while a low homology with that of dicot plants as Arabidopsis(58%).A phylogenetic analysis of a number of Na+/H+ antiporter was shown AlSOS1 formed a clade with the most closely related plant SOS1 homolog,which was distinct from the cluster of vacuolar Na+/H+ antiporters.Through hydrophobicity plot analysis,the AlSOS1 protein was predicted containing 12 transmembrane domains in the N-terminal part and a long hydrophilic cytoplasmic tail in the C-terminal part.In a word,the AlSOS1 cDNA was first cloned completely,and suggested the potential utilization for manipulating monocot crops for cultivation under high-salt conditions.2|6|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Both maize and sorghum are C4 crops while their abilities of photosynthesis in the tasseling stage are different.The study was carried out to investigate the relative chlorophyll content,photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of leaves at three different positions of the two crops.The results indicated that for the upper leaf,the relative chlorophyll content (SPAD) of maize in this period was significantly (P<0.05) higher than those of sorghum for the upper leaf,while for the middle and lower leaves the measuring result of SPAD was not significantly different (P>0.05).For leaves at three different positions,net photosynthetic rate (Pn),water use efficiency (WUE),and light use efficiency (LUE) in maize were significantly higher than sorghum.The mean CO2 saturation point (Cisat) and carboxylation rate (CE) of maize are 13.29% and 29.33% higher than sorghum at the three different leaf positions,respectively;indicating better light response capability of maize than that of sorghum.For leaves at three different positions,the actual photochemical coefficient (ΦPSⅡ) and photochemical quenching (qP) of maize were significantly higher than sorghum,while the difference in initial energy conversion coefficient (Fv/Fm) was not significant (P>0.05).It was therefore concluded that maize had a better photosynthetic adaptability than sorghum;the photosynthetic system of maize had much more advantages in using the photosynthetically active radiation in the field.Keywords：corn;sorghum;leaf position;photosynthesis;chlorophyll fluorescence characteristic7|7|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：In order to study the interaction of tamarisk root and Cistanche tubulosa in the soil arable layer,we used WINRHIZO scanner system to determine the tamarisk root growth and detect the time when the C.tubulosa would infect the host root;we measured the echinacoside,verbascoside and soluble sugar of the C.tubulosa by HPLC and spectrophotometry.The result showed:the tamarisk stem cuttings began to develop the root 15 days after cuttage ,and the growth curve followed "S" curve;the C.tubulosa began to infect with tamarisk on day 60 after cuttage for the first time.Similarly,the infection rate of the C.tubulosa followed "S" curve;initially,the growth of C.tubulosa plant grew slower during the 90 days of infection (indicated by lighter dry weight),then the C.tubulosa began to grow faster after the day 90,and the dry weight of the single plant could reach to as high as 16 gram,and the amount of the echinacoside,verbascoside and soluble sugar were 9.6%,1.7% and 11.3% separately.Our study indicated that the WINRHIZO scanner system could be be used as a new approach to detect the parasite plant and the host plant in the soil arable layer and provide more detailed information on the infection dynamics and the effective factors during the complicated infection processes.Keywords：Cistanche tubulosa;Tamarix;system of WINRHIZO;infection;phenethyl alcohol glycoside0|6|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Seven groups of cytoplasmic male sterile lines(CMS)/ maintainer lines of kenaf were used to study the changes of relative electric conductivity(Rec),contents of MDA、proline,soluble sugar,soluble protein and the activities of SOD and POD under low temperature(12 ℃/6 ℃,day/night).Results showed that the changes of Rec,contents of proline,soluble sugar,soluble protein and the activities of SOD were increased initially then decreased.However,the changes of MDA and the activity of POD were increased significantly after 9-15 days low temperature stress.The Rec,soluble sugar and soluble protein were the basic indicators in evaluating the difference in cold stress of kenaf,and the correlation of the two methods of evaluation on subordinate function value and dry matter weight was 0.837(P<0.01);The three groups of 917A/B,722A/B,K03A/B were performed very well under cold stress condition.The results provided theoretical foundation for further developing cold damage protection methods and breeding for low temperature tolerance.Keywords：kenaf;low temperature stress;CMS;maintainer lines;cold resistance2|6|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：To investigate the effect of endogenous hormone abscisic acid (ABA) on the maturation of ‘Gold Nijisseiki’ pear fruit,we determined the content of ABA in the peel,pulp and seed with HPLC.The ABA content in the peel was continuously accumulated with fruit maturation,while the ABA content in pulp and seed reached to peak at 10 days before harvest and then declined.Two synthetase genes (PpNCED1,PpNCED2) and one catabolic enzyme gene (PpCYP707A1) were isolated from the pear fruits.Real time RT-PCR analysis revealed that PpNCED2 in the peel and pulp was the major gene for ABA synthesis,whereas both PpNCED1and PpNCED2 which were the major genes in the seed had high expression.The PpCYP707A1 was the negative regulation gene for ABA content.Our results thus suggested that the peel,pulp and seed all could synthesize the endogenous ABA which might regulate the maturation of ‘Gold Nijisseiki’ pear fruit.Keywords：pear;ABA;HPLC;gene cloning;maturation;gene expression3|6|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：The aquaporins play a central role in water transportation in plant.The plant under salt stress can maintain water balance through regulating the expression and activity of aquaporins.Malus zumi is an apple rootstock that can survive 0.6% NaCl.The full-length cDNA sequence of MzPIP1;1 gene was isolated from a cDNA library of Malus zumi under salt stress by microarray analysis.The full-length cDNA of MzPIP1;1 was 1 135 bp.Its open reading frame of 870 bp encoded a protein of 289 amino acids.The 5'-UTR and the 3'-UTR were 91 and 174 bp respectively.Multiple sequence alignment assigned MzPIP1;1 to PIP1(Plasma membrane Intrinsic Protein 1) subfamily,which had the high sequence identity at the amino acids level (more than 80%) with PIP1s from other 4 plant species.The MzPIP1;1 was localized in plasma membrane and induced by the stresses of high-salinity and low temperature,which might be related to the potential role of MzPIP1;1 in salt tolerance of Malus zumi Mats.6|6|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：We used biennial grafted rose and studied the effects of photocatalyst on the photosynthesis of rose under greenhouse conditions.The results showed that the Pn value increased up to 14 μmol/(m2·s)(CO2) at 5th day after treatment with 2.0% photocatalyst,implying significant improvement of rose photosynthesis.The content of leaf chlorophyll in rose was in the order of 2.0%>0.5%>CK>1.0%.There was not significant difference in the ratios of Fv/Fm and Fv/Fo.However,PSⅡ efficiency (ΦPSⅡ) and the dry matter accumulation of rose cut flowers could be obviously improved at 2.0%.Keywords：photocatalyst;rose;photosynthesis;chlorophyll fluorescence;dry matter accumulation7|6|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：This paper is concerned on the effects of renewal pruning on shoot growth and crown structure of the aging Fuji apple tree.The long-branch pruning was used as control.The measured parameters were included shoot growth dynamics,crown structure change,fruit yields and quality.The results showed that both newly-developed shoots and lateral shoots of bearing part of different treatments were of character with a single growth peak.The length and diameter of the newly-developed shoots due to pruning were increased by 63.92% and 20.93% respectively,whereas by 51.14% and 9.76% respectively for the lateral shoots of bearing part.In same crown size,the numbers of water branch,long and medium branch and foliage branch were increased by 132.93%,82.59%,54.47% and 76.84% respectively,but short branch,leafage branch and fruit branch by 28.84%,31.57% and 22.64% respectively.However,the canopy of the pruned tree was reduced by 14.53%.Total number of branches was also reduced by 27.82%.Leaf area index,average foliar obliquity and extinction coefficient were increased by 9.64%、153.22% and 2.97% respectively.The canopy openness was reduced by 13.15%.The fruit weight and fruit yields were increased by 23.61% and 30.02% respectively.The renewal pruning had no significant effect on fruit eating quality.4|9|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Plant functional trait is one of the hot topic in ecological research in recent years.Leaf functional trait is closely related with biomass allocation,resource acquisition and utilization,and resource use efficiency.Physiological properties of 6 types of leaves from 48 plants classified as three groups of herb,shrub and tree were measured at three sites around Beijing.The measured properties were photosynthetic capacity (Pn),photosynthetic nitrogen-use efficiency (PNUE),stomatal conductance (Cond),transpiration rate (Tr),water use efficiency (WUE) and vapor pressure deficit at the leaf surface (Vpdl).The results showed that leaf Pn was positively related with other physiological properties except Vpdl.The WUE was positively related with Pn and PNUE.Stomatal conductance was negatively related with Vpdl but positively with Tr.The variance results showed that there was not significant difference in the properties (except WUE) among the three groups of herb,shrub and tree but significant among the sample sites.It was evident that sample site had more effects on physiological properties than plant types,which might reflect the dominant influence of the environments on physiological properties of plant leaves in this area.Keywords：plant leaves;physiological properties;growth form;habitats1|6|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Mn-SOD-2 gene of Bacillus cereus M22 strain was integrated into the genome of Pichia pastoris GS115 in order to obtain the high-level expression transformants (YS1-YS100) of Mn-SOD-2 gene.The PTVA (Posttransformational vector amplification) method was used to increase the copy number of SOD gene.The transformants with high activity of SOD were preliminarily filtrated by MMH (Minimal Methanol+Histidine) plate test method.The SOD gene copy number of some positive transformants was then detected by FQ-PCR.The obtained transformants of YSP1-YSP80 all had high resistance to zeocin.The SOD activity of YSP14,YSP30,YSP48,YSP54 were significantly higher than that of YS.The SOD gene copy number of YSP54 reached 8 copies,but one copy in YS54.The analysis of Native-PAGE and NBT test showed that the maximum activity of the YSP54 was 150 U/mL,nearly twice as high as that of the original strain.It could be concluded that the increase of Mn-SOD-2 gene copy number in GS115 lead to higher activity of SOD.Keywords：superoxide dismutase;Pichia pastoris;PTVA;gene copy number;MMH plate test method0|6|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：The unique micro/nano structure of rice leaf surface is the main reason that pesticide droplets could not deposit on the leaves.Dew frozen on the leaves will change the microstructure of the rice leaf surface,and could influence the deposit of pesticide droplets on rice leaves.In order to solve this problem,the experiment was divided into two parts,indoor experiments and field tests.The depositions of pesticide were tested on three conditions:no dew,a little dew,and much dew.At the same time,by using high-speed photography,an intuitive observation was done for the influence of dew on pesticide deposition.The experiment chosen different types of nozzles to spray.The results show that the existence of dew on rice leaves can increase the pesticide droplets deposition significantly.And the difference between nozzles is also significant.High-speed photography experimental results show that the existence of dew can reduce the bounce of droplets.The direct contact between pesticide droplets and leaf is changed into the contact between pesticide droplets and dew,which improves the deposition.Keywords：rice;pesticide deposition;dew;surface microstructure5|7|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：The authors focus their study on the influence of pretreatments with tobacco leaf before curing on main physiological and biochemical changes during curing.The test had three different treatments including gashing fresh tobacco cabo (T1);eliminating the cabo on the back of tobacco leaf (T2),and having conventional tobacco baking (T3).The flue-curing was taken by using the electric-heated flue-curing barn designed and made by Henan Agricultural University.The results indicated that during the curing process,each treatment showed that moisture,chlorophyll,carotenoid and amylum contents and activities of superoxide dismutase and peroxidasein in the tobacco leaves all went down with different degrees,while the malondialdehyde content and the activities of phenylalanine lyase tended to raise,and lipoxygenase activity increased first and then decreased,and the amylase activity in the curing process showed a double-peak curve change.Compared the test result of T1 with T2,as for the result of T2,the moisture,carotenoid and malondialdehyde contents and activities of amylase and lipoxygenase in the tobacco leaves were higher than in the result of T1 in the curing way of tobacco stem being incised,while in T2,the chlorophyll and amylum contents and activities of superoxide dismutase and peroxidase in the middle leaves of tobacco in tobacco stem being culled were lower than that in T1.It can be found that the appearance quality,chemistry composition and sensory quality of the flue-cured tobacco in T2 were better than that of T1.Furthermore,for the result of T2,tobacco stem being culled in the curing way can be good to regulate the moisture content and changes in enzyme activities,to make cell redox reactions to achieve a dynamic equilibrium,to have the full degradation of chlorophyll and starch and to avoid the occurrence of enzymatic browning reaction,so it can further improve tobacco quality and optimization of aroma-enhancing technique in the curing barn.Keywords：flue-cured tobacco;pretreatment;physiological and biochemical;characteristics of flue-cured tobacco2|7|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：The study was conducted to investigate the effects of a diet supplemented n-3 or n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) on mitochondrial function and developmental ability of mice oocyte.Ninety Kunming weaning mice with 14 grams body weight were randomly assigned to three groups,and feed with a diet of 4% soybean oil,4% fish oil,or 4% conjugated linoleic acid (CLA).After 30 days,the mice were treated with PMSG and hCG to induce superovulation.Oocytes were collected to examine mitochondrial parameters (active mitochondrial distribution,mitochondrial calcium,membrane potential and fat droplet distribution),and to assess embryo developmental ability after in vitro fertilization.The results showed that:1) Though there were no differences in active mitochondrial distribution,mitochondrial calcium,and membrane potential between different diets,the ratio of mitochondrial calcium to active mitochondria increased significantly in animals fed with a diet of fish oil (P<0.05);2) The distribution of fat droplets within oocytes of fish oil group were intensive,whereas less and non-uniform fat droplet were observed in oocytes of CLA group;3) Consumption of CLA significantly reduced the ability of the in vitro-fertilized zygotes to cleave and develop to either morula or blastocyst stage by 38.12% and 30.67% respectively,even though no difference was observed in in vitro fertility among these three diets.These results suggested that a diet of CLA may increase the cellular lipolysis,leading to decreased embryo developmental ability.In addition,diet supplemented with fish oil did not affect the developmental ability of oocytes where the Ca2+ homestasis was perturbed.Keywords：fish oil;conjugated linoleic acid;mice;oocyte;mitochondria;blastocyst1|9|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：To ascertain effect of rumen protected choline on performance and energy metabolism of dairy cows in transition period,In this experiment forty tested cows that were divided randomly into four groups (in turn group Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ 10 cows per group) from an intensive dairy farm.according to different dosage of rumen-protected choline (5,10,20 ,and 0 g dosage of choline,per day for each cow) supplemented into diet from day 14 before calving to day 42 after calving.production performances (MY,and DMI) were investigated,blood biochemical parameters (Glu、BHBA、NEFA、 TG、TCHO) and endocrine parameters (Ins,Gn) were also detected in transition period of tested cows at days 14,7 before calving,parturition and day 7,14,21,28,35 42 after calving.Results indicated that:1) rumen protected choline increased milk yield and dry matter intake of tested cows in transition period,and effect of 10 g dosage of choline is the best.2) compared to control group,concentration of plasma Glu significantly increases and of plasma NEFA,BHBA and TCHO markedly decrease,but of plasma TG do not change in all test groups.3) compared to control group,there is no significant difference in concentration of plasma Ins and Gn in all tested groups.These results suggested that rumen protected choline supplemented into diet may more effectively improve performance and fat metabolism,promote gluconeogenesis in vivo,ease the negative energy balance of dairy cows in transition period and during early lactation stage.Keywords：dairy cattle;rumen protected choline;performance;energy metabolism4|7|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Near-Infrared (NIR) Spectrometer technology was used to detect fresh pork rapidly that stored at room temperature about 15 ℃ and refrigeration temperature about 4 ℃.Partial least squares (PLS) regression was adopted to build the calibration model for pH value at the two storage condition.The cluster analysis combined with the results of sensory evaluation was used to confirm threshold value about pH.The results show that Near-Infrared (NIR) Spectroscopy technology can be applied to detect pH of fresh pork with coefficient of determination (R2) 0.92.Cluster analysis can be used to judge the freshness of pork and analyze its change during storage.The pH threshold values of four storage stages,totenstarre,maturity,autolysis and rot,were confirmed.By analyzing the meat quality change in different storage conditions,the classification thresholds of different freshness were determined,which guaranteed fresh pork safety.The method was accurate and sensitive to quantitatively detect pH of fresh pork and qualitatively discriminate its security or not.Keywords：pork;Near-Infrared (NIR) Spectrometer;pH value;threshold value of freshness1|6|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：The aim of this study was the rapid determination of α-lactalbumin (α-La),β-lactoglobulin(β-Lg),Lactoferrin(Lf).After removing fat from whey protein by centrifugation and precipitating caseins by adjusting pH,the whey contents were detected by Dikma Proteonavi Chromatographic column with 0.1%(volume fraction) TFA solution and acetonitrile solution by 0.5 mL/min flow rate,gradient elutio and column temperature was stetted at 35 ℃.Detection was carried out at the wavelength 280 nm.The results illustrate that the separation of α-La,β-Lg and Lf is available.The linear realationship of standard samples is good,and the recovery of the standard samples is in the normal range.The method which is simple,fast and accurate can determine the content of α-La,β-Lg and Lf of breast milk,milk and transgenic milk.Keywords：dairy;α-lactalbumin;β-lactoglobulin;Lactoferrin;HPLC0|6|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：By supplementation of Chinese yam extracts and the functional sweetener agent to the soybean milk,and controlling the content of fermenting sugar for lactic acid bacteria,the present study is designed to develop a kind of lipid lowering,sugar-free soybean yoghurt with stable post-fermentation quality.The study was performed by screening the bacteria strains for fermentation firstly,followed by controlling the fermentation quality by evaluation the sensory changes of the product with different pH,then the formula was optimized through orthogonal test,finally the effect of the product (used as intervention feed) on the serum lipid was investigated by using high serum lipid model rats established by high lipid feed.The results showed the desirable recipe for the product was soybean milk 75.6%,Chinese yam extraction 12%,fresh milk 5%,maltitol 5.9%,Streptococcus thermophilus H 1% and Lactobacillus bulgaricus 0.5%.The mixture was then incubated at 42 ℃ for 10 hours.The resulted product tastes well but with no bitter flavor,and it posses appropriate viscosityand stable post-fermentation quality.The product significantly reduced the serum total cholesterol (TC),triglyceride (TG),low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C) levels of model rats,and the above effects were increased along with the increase of the dosage applied.The results also indicated that supplementation with yam extracts can significantly improve this kind of effect.The techniques developed in this study can solve the unstable quality problem associated with fermentation.The product also has the potential to decrease the blood lipid level in rats.It can be used as functional food for diabetes and high cholesterol patients.Keywords：Chinese yam;sugar-free soybean yoghurt;post fermentation;lowering blood lipids2|6|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：For the purpose of automatic grading of Hami melon according to the skin texture,statistical analysis of four texture parameters based on gray-level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) and fractal box-counting dimension of Hami melon was tested on Hami melon.And texture features of Hami melon,water melon and ordinary melon were studied as well.Results show that the GLCM-based parameters do well in distinguishing clearly texture from blurry and decayed texture of hemi melon,and fractal-based parameter does well in distinguishing blurry from decayed texture of hemi melon.The combination of these parameters also does well in distinguishing texture of hami melon from water melon and ordinary melon.Keywords：Hami melon;netlike texture;automatic grading;gray-level co-occurrence matrix;fractal1|6|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：The purpose of the author is to study the social security function alternative method of farmland,and put forward scientific countermeasures for the land large-scale operation policy.Based on an assumption that the degree of substitution of the social security function difference of the farmland resources is the key issue to protecting farmers' interests and promoting the circulation of agricultural land resources,a calculation method of the substitution degree of farmland social insurance function was proposed according to differences in the needs of farmers on the social security function of farmland.The calculation method of the substitution degree of the social security function difference for the farmland resources was put forward form three aspects including land production function,land value function and land labor bearing function that was verified using the field survey data from Daxing District and Haidian District.The calculation results can show that this calculation method can reflect the substitution degree of the social security function difference for the farmland resources,and provide a scientific basis for determining the regional farmland transfer countermeasures.Keywords：farmland;social security function;substitution degree;calculation method2|7|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：The study is to promulgate the character and influence of drought and flood disasters on grain production in Shaanxi Province.Based on the statistical data of drought and flood disasters and grain production from 1971 to 2010 in Shaanxi Province,the impact of drought and flood on grain production was researched.The results show that the strength of affected area and damaged area caused by drought and flood disasters is of fluctuation,the occurrence frequency of drought and flood is most heavily from 1991 to 2000.Disaster-induced intensity of drought and flood on grain production became more and more obvious fluctuately,but during 2001-2010,the reduction of grain production caused by drought and flood disasters was less than that during 1991-2000.The impact of drought and flood on food production is of fluctuation,in 21st century,drought and flood disasters on food production have less impact compared with 90’s in 20th century.Keywords：grain production;drought;flood;Shaanxi Province1|7|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：As an important part of food security structure,spatial structure is the distribution pattern and combining form of grain production in the space.This article,taking China as an example,described the spatial changes of per capita grain at county level since the 1990 through the related analysis of ESDA as well as other tools such as Moran's I,Getis-Ord General G,Getis-Ord Gi and the function of variogram and its amount of fractal dimension as scale index.Based on four time discontinuity surfaces,some conclusions are drawn as follows:1) Considering the overall spatial per capita grain framework,per capita grain possession at county level in China shows a significantly trend of positive spatial correlation and similar areas cluster in space.The space structure of the hotspot distribution tends to be the circular space structure centered on Northeast Plain,while the coldspot distribution tends to be the circular space structure centered on Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and to be ribbon structure clustered in Southeast Coastal Area.The overall difference is enlarging.2) Considering the overall spatial variability,per capital grain growth in China shows a strong trend of spatial autocorrelation.Randomness in the differentiation of per capital grain growth space patter reduces.3) According to the space-time mechanism,the spatial framework of per capita grain tends to be more continuous and self-organized.That means the spatial continuity and structural distribution of per capita grain,as well as the mechanism of structural difference caused by spatial autocorrelation become more and more obvious and remarkable.The homogeneousness of per capital grain in the direction of southeast-northwest is typical for its relatively small spatial variability.Effective regulation and favorable policies can promote per capita grain possession and guarantee regional grain safety.Keywords：per capita grain possession;spatial variability;evolvement of spatial pattern;variogram1|7|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：This paper is concerned on the methodology for exploring effective measures of economical and intensive use of construction land in rural area.The statistical methods and case analysis were used.The synthetical evaluation scores of intensive land use effect were 87.29% of Zhugao town general plan,61.84% of Zhugao town construction land use status and 44.45% of Fenghuang village construction land use status,indicating best,better and bad effect in land saving.The main factors affecting the intensive use effect of Zhugao town were floor area ratio,per capita housing construction area and per capita public green area.Much attention should be paid on preventing excessive development of residential real estate during the planning period,tapping the potentialities of construction land and optimizing land use structure.The main factors affecting the Fenghuang Village were household homestead area,the land level of commercial and public service facilities and several ecological improvement effect indexes.It could be meaningful to reduce per capita land area and improve the living environment.Both should strengthen the integrated service facilities.Keywords：village and town construction land;economical and intensive land use;effect evaluation2|19|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Considering the problem that tentative experienced insurance premium rates still being used,but the pure premium rate is neglected in the practice of the crop insurance in China,this paper used Normal distribution model,Weibull distribution model and Logistic distribution model to decide the wheat insurance premium rate of 5 districts in Henan Province.It was found that the wheat yield distribution of Jiaozuo district obeys Normal distribution,and wheat insurance unit yield is 524 kg,and insurance premium rate should be 1.77%;the wheat yield distribution of Xinxiang district obeys Weibull distribution,and wheat insurance unit yield is 458 kg,and insurance premium rate should be 1.14%;the wheat yields of Hebi,Luoyang and Zhumadian district obey Logistic distribution,and their wheat insurance unit yields are 104,342,and 422 kg,respectively,accordingly their insurance premium rates are 6.32%,4.70% and 2.55%,respectively.The empirical results shown that the insurance premium rate from different distribution models are different,so it is necessary to select the optimal distribution model according to the actual wheat yield distribution of different districts;moreover,average wheat yield and premium rate in various districts are different.Consequently,the same insurance premium is not proper for each party participated in the wheat insurance.Keywords：wheat;insurance premium rate;yield distribution;experienced insurance premium rate;Henan3|7|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：The study focuses on risk perception,decision-making behavior and its effects based on a survey of 135 households in Beijing city.It is shown that poultry industry as a whole is subject to multiple risks,and farmers identify diseases and price fluctuation as the most important risks.Taking precautionary measures,joining cooperatives,and adoption of new breed highlight the ex-ante behavior that has higher utilization and significant effects on farmers.It is relatively single and weak in farmers’ ex-post behavior due to lack of mature mechanism for post-disaster response.Keywords：farmers;poultry industry;risk perception;risk decision-making4|8|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Individuals have private information about the disease status of their herd,and they disclosure the disease status or do not will influence the length of time between outbreak and discovery.This is very important in determining the duration and severity of epidemic.This paper has made an empirical research of factors that influence the farmers’ epidemic disclosure behavior by order Logistic model.Results showed that responsibility dispersion effect,shortage of culling compensation incentive and the ignorance of epidemic prevention consciousness were main reasons for closing epidemic situation.Raising households that have large scale of animal and more knowledge on animal disease possess weaker behavior intention of reporting epidemic situation.And households that have characteristics like having high-cultural degree,accepting the training organized by local animal husbandry department,taking part in the breeding association,worrying the safety of animal products,considering the killed subsidies could make good a loss of kill and so on,have high behavior intention of disclosure epidemics.Keywords：raising households;animal epidemics;disclosure animal epidemics;order Logistic;behavior intention0|6|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Based on statistics of SCI papers in ESI database,the discipline strength of nine agriculture-related universities was compared with four universities in China and five in Europe and America.Overall,there was a large gap between the four Chinese agricultural universities and the three American agricultural universities;however,the amount of papers issued by the four Chinese universities increased much more rapidly than that of the five universities in Europe and America.The strongest disciplines from Chinese agricultural universities are plant science and animal science,while the strongest discipline in American universities is clinical medicine science or engineering science.Chinese agricultural universities have made a rapid growth in numbers of SCI papers,in the meantime,issuing more high-level papers should be paid more attention to,and the level should be aimed at the level of Wageningen University in the Netherlands in the upcoming 5-10 years.According to the international academic comparable index,Chinese agricultural universities should make efforts to develop more world well-known disciplines.Keywords：agricultural universities;discipline strength;comparison between home and abroad;analysis1|7|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
